hw/pc.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24 #include "hw.h"
  25 #include "pc.h"
  26 #include "fdc.h"
  27 #include "pci.h"
  28 #include "block.h"
  29 #include "sysemu.h"
  30 #include "audio/audio.h"
  31 #include "net.h"
  32 #include "smbus.h"
  33 #include "boards.h"
  34
  35 #include "qemu-kvm.h"
  36
  37 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
  38 //#define DEBUG_BIOS
  39
  40 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
  41 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
  42 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
  43 #define EXTBOOT_FILENAME "extboot.bin"
  44
  45 /* Leave a chunk of memory at the top of RAM for the BIOS ACPI tables.  */
  46 #define ACPI_DATA_SIZE       0x10000
  47
  48 #define MAX_IDE_BUS 2
  49
  50 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
  51 static RTCState *rtc_state;
  52 static PITState *pit;
  53 static IOAPICState *ioapic;
  54 static PCIDevice *i440fx_state;
  55
  56 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  57 {
  58 }
  59
  60 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
  61 static qemu_irq ferr_irq;
  62 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
  63 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
  64 {
  65     qemu_irq_raise(ferr_irq);
  66 }
  67
  68 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  69 {
  70     qemu_irq_lower(ferr_irq);
  71 }
  72
  73 /* TSC handling */
  74 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
  75 {
  76     /* Note: when using kqemu, it is more logical to return the host TSC
  77        because kqemu does not trap the RDTSC instruction for
  78        performance reasons */
  79 #if USE_KQEMU
  80     if (env->kqemu_enabled) {
  81         return cpu_get_real_ticks();
  82     } else
  83 #endif
  84     {
  85         return cpu_get_ticks();
  86     }
  87 }
  88
  89 /* SMM support */
  90 void cpu_smm_update(CPUState *env)
  91 {
  92     if (i440fx_state && env == first_cpu)
  93         i440fx_set_smm(i440fx_state, (env->hflags >> HF_SMM_SHIFT) & 1);
  94 }
  95
  96
  97 /* IRQ handling */
  98 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)
  99 {
 100     int intno;
 101
 102     intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);
 103     if (intno >= 0) {
 104         /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
 105         /* XXX: improve that */
 106         pic_update_irq(isa_pic);
 107         return intno;
 108     }
 109     /* read the irq from the PIC */
 110     if (!apic_accept_pic_intr(env))
 111         return -1;
 112
 113     intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);
 114     return intno;
 115 }
 116
 117 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
 118 {
 119     CPUState *env = first_cpu;
 120
 121     if (!level)
 122         return;
 123
 124     while (env) {
 125         if (apic_accept_pic_intr(env))
 126             apic_local_deliver(env, APIC_LINT0);
 127         env = env->next_cpu;
 128     }
 129 }
 130
 131 /* PC cmos mappings */
 132
 133 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
 134
 135 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
 136 {
 137     int val;
 138
 139     switch (fd0) {
 140     case 0:
 141         /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
 142         val = 4;
 143         break;
 144     case 1:
 145         /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
 146         val = 5;
 147         break;
 148     case 2:
 149         /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
 150         val = 2;
 151         break;
 152     default:
 153         val = 0;
 154         break;
 155     }
 156     return val;
 157 }
 158
 159 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
 160 {
 161     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 162     int cylinders, heads, sectors;
 163     bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
 164     rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
 165     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
 166     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
 167     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
 168     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
 169     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
 170     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
 171     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
 172     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
 173     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
 174 }
 175
 176 /* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */
 177 static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
 178 {
 179     switch(boot_device) {
 180     case 'a':
 181     case 'b':
 182         return 0x01; /* floppy boot */
 183     case 'c':
 184         return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */
 185     case 'd':
 186         return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */
 187     case 'n':
 188         return 0x04; /* Network boot */
 189     }
 190     return 0;
 191 }
 192
 193 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
 194 static void cmos_init(ram_addr_t ram_size, ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size,
 195                       const char *boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table,
 196                       int smp_cpus)
 197 {
 198     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 199     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
 200     int val;
 201     int fd0, fd1, nb;
 202     int i;
 203
 204     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
 205
 206     /* memory size */
 207     val = 640; /* base memory in K */
 208     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
 209     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
 210
 211     val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
 212     if (val > 65535)
 213         val = 65535;
 214     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
 215     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
 216     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
 217     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
 218
 219     if (above_4g_mem_size) {
 220         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5b, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 16);
 221         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5c, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 24);
 222         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5d, above_4g_mem_size >> 32);
 223     }
 224     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5f, smp_cpus - 1);
 225
 226     if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
 227         val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
 228     else
 229         val = 0;
 230     if (val > 65535)
 231         val = 65535;
 232     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
 233     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
 234
 235     /* set the number of CPU */
 236     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5f, smp_cpus - 1);
 237
 238     /* set boot devices, and disable floppy signature check if requested */
 239 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
 240     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
 241     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
 242         fprintf(stderr, "Too many boot devices for PC\n");
 243         exit(1);
 244     }
 245     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
 246         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
 247         if (bds[i] == 0) {
 248             fprintf(stderr, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'\n",
 249                     boot_device[i]);
 250             exit(1);
 251         }
 252     }
 253     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
 254     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ?  0x0 : 0x1));
 255
 256     /* floppy type */
 257
 258     fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
 259     fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
 260
 261     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
 262     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
 263
 264     val = 0;
 265     nb = 0;
 266     if (fd0 < 3)
 267         nb++;
 268     if (fd1 < 3)
 269         nb++;
 270     switch (nb) {
 271     case 0:
 272         break;
 273     case 1:
 274         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
 275         break;
 276     case 2:
 277         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
 278         break;
 279     }
 280     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
 281     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
 282     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
 283
 284     /* hard drives */
 285
 286     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
 287     if (hd_table[0])
 288         cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
 289     if (hd_table[1])
 290         cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
 291
 292     val = 0;
 293     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 294         if (hd_table[i]) {
 295             int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
 296             /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
 297                 geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
 298                 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
 299                 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
 300             translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);
 301             if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
 302                 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
 303                 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
 304                     /* No translation. */
 305                     translation = 0;
 306                 } else {
 307                     /* LBA translation. */
 308                     translation = 1;
 309                 }
 310             } else {
 311                 translation--;
 312             }
 313             val |= translation << (i * 2);
 314         }
 315     }
 316     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
 317 }
 318
 319 void ioport_set_a20(int enable)
 320 {
 321     /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
 322     cpu_x86_set_a20(first_cpu, enable);
 323 }
 324
 325 int ioport_get_a20(void)
 326 {
 327     return ((first_cpu->a20_mask >> 20) & 1);
 328 }
 329
 330 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 331 {
 332     ioport_set_a20((val >> 1) & 1);
 333     /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
 334 }
 335
 336 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
 337 {
 338     return ioport_get_a20() << 1;
 339 }
 340
 341 /***********************************************************/
 342 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
 343
 344 static void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 345 {
 346     static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
 347     static int shutdown_index = 0;
 348
 349     switch(addr) {
 350         /* Bochs BIOS messages */
 351     case 0x400:
 352     case 0x401:
 353         fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
 354         exit(1);
 355     case 0x402:
 356     case 0x403:
 357 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 358         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 359 #endif
 360         break;
 361     case 0x8900:
 362         /* same as Bochs power off */
 363         if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
 364             shutdown_index++;
 365             if (shutdown_index == 8) {
 366                 shutdown_index = 0;
 367                 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
 368             }
 369         } else {
 370             shutdown_index = 0;
 371         }
 372         break;
 373
 374         /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
 375     case 0x501:
 376     case 0x502:
 377         fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
 378         exit(1);
 379     case 0x500:
 380     case 0x503:
 381 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 382         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 383 #endif
 384         break;
 385     }
 386 }
 387
 388 static void bochs_bios_init(void)
 389 {
 390     register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 391     register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 392     register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 393     register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 394     register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 395
 396     register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 397     register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 398     register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 399     register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 400 }
 401
 402 /* Generate an initial boot sector which sets state and jump to
 403    a specified vector */
 404 static void generate_bootsect(uint32_t gpr[8], uint16_t segs[6], uint16_t ip)
 405 {
 406     uint8_t bootsect[512], *p;
 407     int i;
 408     int hda;
 409
 410     hda = drive_get_index(IF_IDE, 0, 0);
 411     if (hda == -1) {
 412         fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting "
 413                 "a Linux kernel\n");
 414         exit(1);
 415     }
 416
 417     memset(bootsect, 0, sizeof(bootsect));
 418
 419     /* Copy the MSDOS partition table if possible */
 420     bdrv_read(drives_table[hda].bdrv, 0, bootsect, 1);
 421
 422     /* Make sure we have a partition signature */
 423     bootsect[510] = 0x55;
 424     bootsect[511] = 0xaa;
 425
 426     /* Actual code */
 427     p = bootsect;
 428     *p++ = 0xfa;                /* CLI */
 429     *p++ = 0xfc;                /* CLD */
 430
 431     for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
 432         if (i == 1)             /* Skip CS */
 433             continue;
 434
 435         *p++ = 0xb8;            /* MOV AX,imm16 */
 436         *p++ = segs[i];
 437         *p++ = segs[i] >> 8;
 438         *p++ = 0x8e;            /* MOV <seg>,AX */
 439         *p++ = 0xc0 + (i << 3);
 440     }
 441
 442     for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 443         *p++ = 0x66;            /* 32-bit operand size */
 444         *p++ = 0xb8 + i;        /* MOV <reg>,imm32 */
 445         *p++ = gpr[i];
 446         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 8;
 447         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 16;
 448         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 24;
 449     }
 450
 451     *p++ = 0xea;                /* JMP FAR */
 452     *p++ = ip;                  /* IP */
 453     *p++ = ip >> 8;
 454     *p++ = segs[1];             /* CS */
 455     *p++ = segs[1] >> 8;
 456
 457     bdrv_set_boot_sector(drives_table[hda].bdrv, bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
 458 }
 459
 460 static int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
 461                        uint8_t *real_addr)
 462 {
 463     int fd, size;
 464     int setup_sects;
 465
 466     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 467     if (fd < 0)
 468         return -1;
 469
 470     /* load 16 bit code */
 471     if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
 472         goto fail;
 473     setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
 474     if (!setup_sects)
 475         setup_sects = 4;
 476     if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
 477         setup_sects * 512)
 478         goto fail;
 479
 480     /* load 32 bit code */
 481     size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
 482     if (size < 0)
 483         goto fail;
 484     close(fd);
 485     return size;
 486  fail:
 487     close(fd);
 488     return -1;
 489 }
 490
 491 static long get_file_size(FILE *f)
 492 {
 493     long where, size;
 494
 495     /* XXX: on Unix systems, using fstat() probably makes more sense */
 496
 497     where = ftell(f);
 498     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
 499     size = ftell(f);
 500     fseek(f, where, SEEK_SET);
 501
 502     return size;
 503 }
 504
 505 static void load_linux(const char *kernel_filename,
 506                        const char *initrd_filename,
 507                        const char *kernel_cmdline)
 508 {
 509     uint16_t protocol;
 510     uint32_t gpr[8];
 511     uint16_t seg[6];
 512     uint16_t real_seg;
 513     int setup_size, kernel_size, initrd_size, cmdline_size;
 514     uint32_t initrd_max;
 515     uint8_t header[1024];
 516     uint8_t *real_addr, *prot_addr, *cmdline_addr, *initrd_addr;
 517     FILE *f, *fi;
 518
 519     /* Align to 16 bytes as a paranoia measure */
 520     cmdline_size = (strlen(kernel_cmdline)+16) & ~15;
 521
 522     /* load the kernel header */
 523     f = fopen(kernel_filename, "rb");
 524     if (!f || !(kernel_size = get_file_size(f)) ||
 525         fread(header, 1, 1024, f) != 1024) {
 526         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
 527                 kernel_filename);
 528         exit(1);
 529     }
 530
 531     /* kernel protocol version */
 532 #if 0
 533     fprintf(stderr, "header magic: %#x\n", ldl_p(header+0x202));
 534 #endif
 535     if (ldl_p(header+0x202) == 0x53726448)
 536         protocol = lduw_p(header+0x206);
 537     else
 538         protocol = 0;
 539
 540     if (protocol < 0x200 || !(header[0x211] & 0x01)) {
 541         /* Low kernel */
 542         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x90000;
 543         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;
 544         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x10000;
 545     } else if (protocol < 0x202) {
 546         /* High but ancient kernel */
 547         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x90000;
 548         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;
 549         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x100000;
 550     } else {
 551         /* High and recent kernel */
 552         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x10000;
 553         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x20000;
 554         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x100000;
 555     }
 556
 557 #if 0
 558     fprintf(stderr,
 559             "qemu: real_addr     = %#zx\n"
 560             "qemu: cmdline_addr  = %#zx\n"
 561             "qemu: prot_addr     = %#zx\n",
 562             real_addr-phys_ram_base,
 563             cmdline_addr-phys_ram_base,
 564             prot_addr-phys_ram_base);
 565 #endif
 566
 567     /* highest address for loading the initrd */
 568     if (protocol >= 0x203)
 569         initrd_max = ldl_p(header+0x22c);
 570     else
 571         initrd_max = 0x37ffffff;
 572
 573     if (initrd_max >= ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE)
 574         initrd_max = ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE-1;
 575
 576     /* kernel command line */
 577     pstrcpy((char*)cmdline_addr, 4096, kernel_cmdline);
 578
 579     if (protocol >= 0x202) {
 580         stl_p(header+0x228, cmdline_addr-phys_ram_base);
 581     } else {
 582         stw_p(header+0x20, 0xA33F);
 583         stw_p(header+0x22, cmdline_addr-real_addr);
 584     }
 585
 586     /* loader type */
 587     /* High nybble = B reserved for Qemu; low nybble is revision number.
 588        If this code is substantially changed, you may want to consider
 589        incrementing the revision. */
 590     if (protocol >= 0x200)
 591         header[0x210] = 0xB0;
 592
 593     /* heap */
 594     if (protocol >= 0x201) {
 595         header[0x211] |= 0x80;  /* CAN_USE_HEAP */
 596         stw_p(header+0x224, cmdline_addr-real_addr-0x200);
 597     }
 598
 599     /* load initrd */
 600     if (initrd_filename) {
 601         if (protocol < 0x200) {
 602             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: linux kernel too old to load a ram disk\n");
 603             exit(1);
 604         }
 605
 606         fi = fopen(initrd_filename, "rb");
 607         if (!fi) {
 608             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
 609                     initrd_filename);
 610             exit(1);
 611         }
 612
 613         initrd_size = get_file_size(fi);
 614         initrd_addr = phys_ram_base + ((initrd_max-initrd_size) & ~4095);
 615
 616         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: loading initrd (%#x bytes) at %#zx\n",
 617                 initrd_size, initrd_addr-phys_ram_base);
 618
 619         if (fread(initrd_addr, 1, initrd_size, fi) != initrd_size) {
 620             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on initial ram disk '%s'\n",
 621                     initrd_filename);
 622             exit(1);
 623         }
 624         fclose(fi);
 625
 626         stl_p(header+0x218, initrd_addr-phys_ram_base);
 627         stl_p(header+0x21c, initrd_size);
 628     }
 629
 630     /* store the finalized header and load the rest of the kernel */
 631     memcpy(real_addr, header, 1024);
 632
 633     setup_size = header[0x1f1];
 634     if (setup_size == 0)
 635         setup_size = 4;
 636
 637     setup_size = (setup_size+1)*512;
 638     kernel_size -= setup_size;  /* Size of protected-mode code */
 639
 640     if (fread(real_addr+1024, 1, setup_size-1024, f) != setup_size-1024 ||
 641         fread(prot_addr, 1, kernel_size, f) != kernel_size) {
 642         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on kernel '%s'\n",
 643                 kernel_filename);
 644         exit(1);
 645     }
 646     fclose(f);
 647
 648     /* generate bootsector to set up the initial register state */
 649     real_seg = (real_addr-phys_ram_base) >> 4;
 650     seg[0] = seg[2] = seg[3] = seg[4] = seg[4] = real_seg;
 651     seg[1] = real_seg+0x20;     /* CS */
 652     memset(gpr, 0, sizeof gpr);
 653     gpr[4] = cmdline_addr-real_addr-16; /* SP (-16 is paranoia) */
 654
 655     generate_bootsect(gpr, seg, 0);
 656 }
 657
 658 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
 659 {
 660     CPUState *env = opaque;
 661     cpu_reset(env);
 662 }
 663
 664 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
 665 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
 666 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
 667
 668 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
 669
 670 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
 671 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
 672
 673 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
 674 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
 675
 676 static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
 677 static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
 678
 679 #ifdef HAS_AUDIO
 680 static void audio_init (PCIBus *pci_bus, qemu_irq *pic)
 681 {
 682     struct soundhw *c;
 683     int audio_enabled = 0;
 684
 685     for (c = soundhw; !audio_enabled && c->name; ++c) {
 686         audio_enabled = c->enabled;
 687     }
 688
 689     if (audio_enabled) {
 690         AudioState *s;
 691
 692         s = AUD_init ();
 693         if (s) {
 694             for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
 695                 if (c->enabled) {
 696                     if (c->isa) {
 697                         c->init.init_isa (s, pic);
 698                     }
 699                     else {
 700                         if (pci_bus) {
 701                             c->init.init_pci (pci_bus, s);
 702                         }
 703                     }
 704                 }
 705             }
 706         }
 707     }
 708 }
 709 #endif
 710
 711 static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(NICInfo *nd, qemu_irq *pic)
 712 {
 713     static int nb_ne2k = 0;
 714
 715     if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)
 716         return;
 717     isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[nb_ne2k], pic[ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k]], nd);
 718     nb_ne2k++;
 719 }
 720
 721 static int load_option_rom(const char *filename, int offset)
 722 {
 723     ram_addr_t option_rom_offset;
 724     int size, ret;
 725
 726     size = get_image_size(filename);
 727     if (size < 0) {
 728         fprintf(stderr, "Could not load option rom '%s'\n", filename);
 729         exit(1);
 730     }
 731     if (size > (0x10000 - offset))
 732         goto option_rom_error;
 733     option_rom_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(size);
 734     ret = load_image(filename, phys_ram_base + option_rom_offset);
 735     if (ret != size) {
 736     option_rom_error:
 737         fprintf(stderr, "Too many option ROMS\n");
 738         exit(1);
 739     }
 740     size = (size + 4095) & ~4095;
 741     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000 + offset,
 742                                  size, option_rom_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 743     if (kvm_enabled())
 744             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000 + offset,
 745                                              size, option_rom_offset |
 746                                              IO_MEM_ROM);
 747     return size;
 748 }
 749
 750 CPUState *pc_new_cpu(int cpu, const char *cpu_model, int pci_enabled)
 751 {
 752         CPUState *env = cpu_init(cpu_model);
 753         if (!env) {
 754             fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find x86 CPU definition\n");
 755             exit(1);
 756         }
 757         if (cpu != 0)
 758             env->hflags |= HF_HALTED_MASK;
 759         if (smp_cpus > 1) {
 760             /* XXX: enable it in all cases */
 761             env->cpuid_features |= CPUID_APIC;
 762         }
 763         register_savevm("cpu", cpu, 5, cpu_save, cpu_load, env);
 764         qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, env);
 765         if (pci_enabled) {
 766             apic_init(env);
 767         }
 768         return env;
 769 }
 770
 771 /* PC hardware initialisation */
 772 static void pc_init1(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
 773                      const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
 774                      const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
 775                      const char *initrd_filename,
 776                      int pci_enabled, const char *cpu_model)
 777 {
 778     char buf[1024];
 779     int ret, linux_boot, i;
 780     ram_addr_t ram_addr, vga_ram_addr, bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
 781     ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size = 0;
 782     int bios_size, isa_bios_size, vga_bios_size, opt_rom_offset;
 783     PCIBus *pci_bus;
 784     int piix3_devfn = -1;
 785     CPUState *env;
 786     NICInfo *nd;
 787     qemu_irq *cpu_irq;
 788     qemu_irq *i8259;
 789     int index;
 790     BlockDriverState *hd[MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS];
 791     BlockDriverState *fd[MAX_FD];
 792
 793     if (ram_size >= 0xe0000000 ) {
 794         above_4g_mem_size = ram_size - 0xe0000000;
 795         ram_size = 0xe0000000;
 796     }
 797
 798     linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
 799
 800     /* init CPUs */
 801     if (cpu_model == NULL) {
 802 #ifdef TARGET_X86_64
 803         cpu_model = "qemu64";
 804 #else
 805         cpu_model = "qemu32";
 806 #endif
 807     }
 808
 809     for(i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
 810         env = pc_new_cpu(i, cpu_model, pci_enabled);
 811     }
 812
 813     vmport_init();
 814
 815     /* allocate RAM */
 816 #ifdef KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY
 817     if (kvm_enabled() && kvm_qemu_check_extension(KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY)) {
 818         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0xa0000);
 819         cpu_register_physical_memory(0, 0xa0000, ram_addr);
 820         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0, 0xa0000, ram_addr);
 821
 822         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0x100000 - 0xa0000);   // hole
 823         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(ram_size - 0x100000);
 824         cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000, ram_size - 0x100000, ram_addr);
 825         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000, ram_size - 0x100000,
 826                                          ram_addr);
 827     } else
 828 #endif
 829     {
 830         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(ram_size);
 831         cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, ram_addr);
 832     }
 833     /* allocate VGA RAM */
 834     vga_ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(vga_ram_size);
 835
 836     /* BIOS load */
 837     if (bios_name == NULL)
 838         bios_name = BIOS_FILENAME;
 839     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, bios_name);
 840     bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
 841     if (bios_size <= 0 ||
 842         (bios_size % 65536) != 0) {
 843         goto bios_error;
 844     }
 845     bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(bios_size);
 846     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
 847     if (ret != bios_size) {
 848     bios_error:
 849         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC BIOS '%s'\n", buf);
 850         exit(1);
 851     }
 852
 853     /* VGA BIOS load */
 854     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 855         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
 856     } else {
 857         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
 858     }
 859     vga_bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
 860     if (vga_bios_size <= 0 || vga_bios_size > 65536)
 861         goto vga_bios_error;
 862     vga_bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(65536);
 863
 864     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
 865     if (ret != vga_bios_size) {
 866     vga_bios_error:
 867         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load VGA BIOS '%s'\n", buf);
 868         exit(1);
 869     }
 870
 871     /* above 4giga memory allocation */
 872     if (above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
 873         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(above_4g_mem_size);
 874         if (hpagesize) {
 875                 if (ram_addr & (hpagesize-1)) {
 876                         unsigned long aligned_addr;
 877                         aligned_addr = (ram_addr + hpagesize - 1) &
 878                                          ~(hpagesize-1);
 879                         qemu_ram_alloc(aligned_addr - ram_addr);
 880                         ram_addr = aligned_addr;
 881                 }
 882         }
 883         cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000, above_4g_mem_size, ram_addr);
 884
 885         if (kvm_enabled())
 886             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000,
 887                                              above_4g_mem_size,
 888                                              ram_addr);
 889     }
 890
 891     /* setup basic memory access */
 892     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
 893                                  vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 894     if (kvm_enabled())
 895         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
 896                                          vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 897
 898     /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
 899     isa_bios_size = bios_size;
 900     if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
 901         isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
 902     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
 903                                  IO_MEM_UNASSIGNED);
 904     /* kvm tpr optimization needs the bios accessible for write, at least to qemu itself */
 905     cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
 906                                  isa_bios_size,
 907                                  (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) /* | IO_MEM_ROM */);
 908     if (kvm_enabled())
 909         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
 910                                          isa_bios_size,
 911                                          (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
 912
 913     opt_rom_offset = 0;
 914     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++)
 915         opt_rom_offset += load_option_rom(option_rom[i], opt_rom_offset);
 916
 917     if (extboot_drive != -1) {
 918         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, EXTBOOT_FILENAME);
 919         opt_rom_offset += load_option_rom(buf, opt_rom_offset);
 920     }
 921
 922     /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
 923     cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 924                                  bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 925     if (kvm_enabled()) {
 926         int r;
 927 #ifdef KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY
 928         r = kvm_qemu_check_extension(KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY);
 929         if (r)
 930             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 931                                            bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 932         else
 933 #endif
 934         {
 935             bios_mem = kvm_cpu_create_phys_mem((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 936                                                bios_size, 0, 1);
 937             if (!bios_mem)
 938                 exit(1);
 939             memcpy(bios_mem, phys_ram_base + bios_offset, bios_size);
 940         }
 941     }
 942
 943     bochs_bios_init();
 944
 945     if (linux_boot)
 946         load_linux(kernel_filename, initrd_filename, kernel_cmdline);
 947
 948     cpu_irq = qemu_allocate_irqs(pic_irq_request, NULL, 1);
 949     i8259 = i8259_init(cpu_irq[0]);
 950     ferr_irq = i8259[13];
 951
 952     if (pci_enabled) {
 953         pci_bus = i440fx_init(&i440fx_state, i8259);
 954         piix3_devfn = piix3_init(pci_bus, -1);
 955     } else {
 956         pci_bus = NULL;
 957     }
 958
 959     /* init basic PC hardware */
 960     register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
 961
 962     register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
 963
 964     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 965         if (pci_enabled) {
 966             pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
 967                                 ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 968                                 vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 969         } else {
 970             isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 971                                 vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 972         }
 973     } else if (vmsvga_enabled) {
 974         if (pci_enabled)
 975             pci_vmsvga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 976                             vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 977         else
 978             fprintf(stderr, "%s: vmware_vga: no PCI bus\n", __FUNCTION__);
 979     } else {
 980         if (pci_enabled) {
 981             pci_vga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 982                          vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size, 0, 0);
 983         } else {
 984             isa_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 985                          vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 986         }
 987     }
 988
 989     rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, i8259[8]);
 990
 991     register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
 992     register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
 993
 994     if (pci_enabled) {
 995         ioapic = ioapic_init();
 996     }
 997 #ifdef USE_KVM_PIT
 998     if (kvm_enabled() && qemu_kvm_pit_in_kernel())
 999         pit = kvm_pit_init(0x40, i8259[0]);
1000     else
1001 #endif
1002         pit = pit_init(0x40, i8259[0]);
1003     pcspk_init(pit);
1004     if (pci_enabled) {
1005         pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic, ioapic_set_irq, ioapic);
1006     }
1007
1008     for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
1009         if (serial_hds[i]) {
1010             serial_init(serial_io[i], i8259[serial_irq[i]], serial_hds[i]);
1011         }
1012     }
1013
1014     for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
1015         if (parallel_hds[i]) {
1016             parallel_init(parallel_io[i], i8259[parallel_irq[i]],
1017                           parallel_hds[i]);
1018         }
1019     }
1020
1021     for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
1022         nd = &nd_table[i];
1023         if (!nd->model) {
1024             if (pci_enabled) {
1025                 nd->model = "rtl8139";
1026             } else {
1027                 nd->model = "ne2k_isa";
1028             }
1029         }
1030         if (strcmp(nd->model, "ne2k_isa") == 0) {
1031             pc_init_ne2k_isa(nd, i8259);
1032         } else if (pci_enabled) {
1033             if (strcmp(nd->model, "?") == 0)
1034                 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported ISA NICs: ne2k_isa\n");
1035             if (!pci_nic_init(pci_bus, nd, -1))
1036                 exit(1);
1037         } else if (strcmp(nd->model, "?") == 0) {
1038             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported ISA NICs: ne2k_isa\n");
1039             exit(1);
1040         } else {
1041             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Unsupported NIC: %s\n", nd->model);
1042             exit(1);
1043         }
1044     }
1045
1046     qemu_system_hot_add_init(cpu_model);
1047 #define USE_HYPERCALL
1048 #ifdef USE_HYPERCALL
1049     pci_hypercall_init(pci_bus);
1050 #endif
1051
1052     if (drive_get_max_bus(IF_IDE) >= MAX_IDE_BUS) {
1053         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many IDE bus\n");
1054         exit(1);
1055     }
1056
1057     for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS; i++) {
1058         index = drive_get_index(IF_IDE, i / MAX_IDE_DEVS, i % MAX_IDE_DEVS);
1059         if (index != -1)
1060             hd[i] = drives_table[index].bdrv;
1061         else
1062             hd[i] = NULL;
1063     }
1064
1065     if (pci_enabled) {
1066         pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, hd, piix3_devfn + 1, i8259);
1067     } else {
1068         for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS; i++) {
1069             isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], i8259[ide_irq[i]],
1070                          hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i], hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i + 1]);
1071         }
1072     }
1073
1074     i8042_init(i8259[1], i8259[12], 0x60);
1075     DMA_init(0);
1076 #ifdef HAS_AUDIO
1077     audio_init(pci_enabled ? pci_bus : NULL, i8259);
1078 #endif
1079
1080     for(i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {
1081         index = drive_get_index(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);
1082         if (index != -1)
1083             fd[i] = drives_table[index].bdrv;
1084         else
1085             fd[i] = NULL;
1086     }
1087     floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(i8259[6], 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd);
1088
1089     cmos_init(ram_size, above_4g_mem_size, boot_device, hd, smp_cpus);
1090
1091     if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled) {
1092         usb_uhci_piix3_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2);
1093     }
1094
1095     if (pci_enabled && acpi_enabled) {
1096         uint8_t *eeprom_buf = qemu_mallocz(8 * 256); /* XXX: make this persistent */
1097         i2c_bus *smbus;
1098
1099         /* TODO: Populate SPD eeprom data.  */
1100         smbus = piix4_pm_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 3, 0xb100, i8259[9]);
1101         for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
1102             smbus_eeprom_device_init(smbus, 0x50 + i, eeprom_buf + (i * 256));
1103         }
1104     }
1105
1106     if (i440fx_state) {
1107         i440fx_init_memory_mappings(i440fx_state);
1108     }
1109
1110     if (pci_enabled) {
1111         int max_bus;
1112         int bus, unit;
1113         void *scsi;
1114
1115         max_bus = drive_get_max_bus(IF_SCSI);
1116
1117         for (bus = 0; bus <= max_bus; bus++) {
1118             scsi = lsi_scsi_init(pci_bus, -1);
1119             for (unit = 0; unit < LSI_MAX_DEVS; unit++) {
1120                 index = drive_get_index(IF_SCSI, bus, unit);
1121                 if (index == -1)
1122                     continue;
1123                 lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, drives_table[index].bdrv, unit);
1124             }
1125         }
1126     }
1127
1128     /* Add virtio block devices */
1129     if (pci_enabled) {
1130         int index;
1131         int unit_id = 0;
1132
1133         while ((index = drive_get_index(IF_VIRTIO, 0, unit_id)) != -1) {
1134             virtio_blk_init(pci_bus, 0x1AF4, 0x1001,
1135                             drives_table[index].bdrv);
1136             unit_id++;
1137         }
1138     }
1139
1140     if (extboot_drive != -1) {
1141         DriveInfo *info = &drives_table[extboot_drive];
1142         int cyls, heads, secs;
1143
1144         if (info->type != IF_IDE && info->type != IF_VIRTIO) {
1145             bdrv_guess_geometry(info->bdrv, &cyls, &heads, &secs);
1146             bdrv_set_geometry_hint(info->bdrv, cyls, heads, secs);
1147         }
1148
1149         extboot_init(info->bdrv, 1);
1150     }
1151 }
1152
1153 static void pc_init_pci(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
1154                         const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
1155                         const char *kernel_filename,
1156                         const char *kernel_cmdline,
1157                         const char *initrd_filename,
1158                         const char *cpu_model)
1159 {
1160     pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds,
1161              kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
1162              initrd_filename, 1, cpu_model);
1163 }
1164
1165 static void pc_init_isa(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
1166                         const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
1167                         const char *kernel_filename,
1168                         const char *kernel_cmdline,
1169                         const char *initrd_filename,
1170                         const char *cpu_model)
1171 {
1172     pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds,
1173              kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
1174              initrd_filename, 0, cpu_model);
1175 }
1176
1177 QEMUMachine pc_machine = {
1178     "pc",
1179     "Standard PC",
1180     pc_init_pci,
1181 };
1182
1183 QEMUMachine isapc_machine = {
1184     "isapc",
1185     "ISA-only PC",
1186     pc_init_isa,
1187 };