hw/pc.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24 #include "hw.h"
  25 #include "pc.h"
  26 #include "fdc.h"
  27 #include "pci.h"
  28 #include "block.h"
  29 #include "sysemu.h"
  30 #include "audio/audio.h"
  31 #include "net.h"
  32 #include "smbus.h"
  33 #include "boards.h"
  34
  35 #include "qemu-kvm.h"
  36
  37 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
  38 //#define DEBUG_BIOS
  39
  40 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
  41 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
  42 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
  43 #define EXTBOOT_FILENAME "extboot.bin"
  44
  45 /* Leave a chunk of memory at the top of RAM for the BIOS ACPI tables.  */
  46 #define ACPI_DATA_SIZE       0x10000
  47
  48 #define MAX_IDE_BUS 2
  49
  50 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
  51 static RTCState *rtc_state;
  52 static PITState *pit;
  53 static IOAPICState *ioapic;
  54 static PCIDevice *i440fx_state;
  55
  56 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  57 {
  58 }
  59
  60 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
  61 static qemu_irq ferr_irq;
  62 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
  63 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
  64 {
  65     qemu_irq_raise(ferr_irq);
  66 }
  67
  68 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  69 {
  70     qemu_irq_lower(ferr_irq);
  71 }
  72
  73 /* TSC handling */
  74 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
  75 {
  76     /* Note: when using kqemu, it is more logical to return the host TSC
  77        because kqemu does not trap the RDTSC instruction for
  78        performance reasons */
  79 #if USE_KQEMU
  80     if (env->kqemu_enabled) {
  81         return cpu_get_real_ticks();
  82     } else
  83 #endif
  84     {
  85         return cpu_get_ticks();
  86     }
  87 }
  88
  89 /* SMM support */
  90 void cpu_smm_update(CPUState *env)
  91 {
  92     if (i440fx_state && env == first_cpu)
  93         i440fx_set_smm(i440fx_state, (env->hflags >> HF_SMM_SHIFT) & 1);
  94 }
  95
  96
  97 /* IRQ handling */
  98 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)
  99 {
 100     int intno;
 101
 102     intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);
 103     if (intno >= 0) {
 104         /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
 105         /* XXX: improve that */
 106         pic_update_irq(isa_pic);
 107         return intno;
 108     }
 109     /* read the irq from the PIC */
 110     if (!apic_accept_pic_intr(env))
 111         return -1;
 112
 113     intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);
 114     return intno;
 115 }
 116
 117 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
 118 {
 119     CPUState *env = opaque;
 120     if (level && apic_accept_pic_intr(env))
 121         cpu_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
 122 }
 123
 124 /* PC cmos mappings */
 125
 126 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
 127
 128 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
 129 {
 130     int val;
 131
 132     switch (fd0) {
 133     case 0:
 134         /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
 135         val = 4;
 136         break;
 137     case 1:
 138         /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
 139         val = 5;
 140         break;
 141     case 2:
 142         /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
 143         val = 2;
 144         break;
 145     default:
 146         val = 0;
 147         break;
 148     }
 149     return val;
 150 }
 151
 152 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
 153 {
 154     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 155     int cylinders, heads, sectors;
 156     bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
 157     rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
 158     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
 159     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
 160     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
 161     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
 162     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
 163     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
 164     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
 165     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
 166     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
 167 }
 168
 169 /* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */
 170 static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
 171 {
 172     switch(boot_device) {
 173     case 'a':
 174     case 'b':
 175         return 0x01; /* floppy boot */
 176     case 'c':
 177         return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */
 178     case 'd':
 179         return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */
 180     case 'n':
 181         return 0x04; /* Network boot */
 182     }
 183     return 0;
 184 }
 185
 186 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
 187 static void cmos_init(ram_addr_t ram_size, ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size,
 188                       const char *boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table,
 189                       int smp_cpus)
 190 {
 191     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 192     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
 193     int val;
 194     int fd0, fd1, nb;
 195     int i;
 196
 197     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
 198
 199     /* memory size */
 200     val = 640; /* base memory in K */
 201     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
 202     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
 203
 204     val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
 205     if (val > 65535)
 206         val = 65535;
 207     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
 208     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
 209     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
 210     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
 211
 212     if (above_4g_mem_size) {
 213         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5b, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 16);
 214         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5c, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 24);
 215         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5d, above_4g_mem_size >> 32);
 216     }
 217     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5f, smp_cpus - 1);
 218
 219     if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
 220         val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
 221     else
 222         val = 0;
 223     if (val > 65535)
 224         val = 65535;
 225     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
 226     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
 227
 228     /* set boot devices, and disable floppy signature check if requested */
 229 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
 230     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
 231     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
 232         fprintf(stderr, "Too many boot devices for PC\n");
 233         exit(1);
 234     }
 235     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
 236         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
 237         if (bds[i] == 0) {
 238             fprintf(stderr, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'\n",
 239                     boot_device[i]);
 240             exit(1);
 241         }
 242     }
 243     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
 244     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ?  0x0 : 0x1));
 245
 246     /* floppy type */
 247
 248     fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
 249     fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
 250
 251     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
 252     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
 253
 254     val = 0;
 255     nb = 0;
 256     if (fd0 < 3)
 257         nb++;
 258     if (fd1 < 3)
 259         nb++;
 260     switch (nb) {
 261     case 0:
 262         break;
 263     case 1:
 264         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
 265         break;
 266     case 2:
 267         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
 268         break;
 269     }
 270     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
 271     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
 272     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
 273
 274     /* hard drives */
 275
 276     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
 277     if (hd_table[0])
 278         cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
 279     if (hd_table[1])
 280         cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
 281
 282     val = 0;
 283     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 284         if (hd_table[i]) {
 285             int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
 286             /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
 287                 geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
 288                 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
 289                 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
 290             translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);
 291             if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
 292                 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
 293                 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
 294                     /* No translation. */
 295                     translation = 0;
 296                 } else {
 297                     /* LBA translation. */
 298                     translation = 1;
 299                 }
 300             } else {
 301                 translation--;
 302             }
 303             val |= translation << (i * 2);
 304         }
 305     }
 306     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
 307 }
 308
 309 void ioport_set_a20(int enable)
 310 {
 311     /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
 312     cpu_x86_set_a20(first_cpu, enable);
 313 }
 314
 315 int ioport_get_a20(void)
 316 {
 317     return ((first_cpu->a20_mask >> 20) & 1);
 318 }
 319
 320 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 321 {
 322     ioport_set_a20((val >> 1) & 1);
 323     /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
 324 }
 325
 326 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
 327 {
 328     return ioport_get_a20() << 1;
 329 }
 330
 331 /***********************************************************/
 332 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
 333
 334 static void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 335 {
 336     static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
 337     static int shutdown_index = 0;
 338
 339     switch(addr) {
 340         /* Bochs BIOS messages */
 341     case 0x400:
 342     case 0x401:
 343         fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
 344         exit(1);
 345     case 0x402:
 346     case 0x403:
 347 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 348         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 349 #endif
 350         break;
 351     case 0x8900:
 352         /* same as Bochs power off */
 353         if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
 354             shutdown_index++;
 355             if (shutdown_index == 8) {
 356                 shutdown_index = 0;
 357                 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
 358             }
 359         } else {
 360             shutdown_index = 0;
 361         }
 362         break;
 363
 364         /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
 365     case 0x501:
 366     case 0x502:
 367         fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
 368         exit(1);
 369     case 0x500:
 370     case 0x503:
 371 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 372         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 373 #endif
 374         break;
 375     }
 376 }
 377
 378 static void bochs_bios_init(void)
 379 {
 380     register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 381     register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 382     register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 383     register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 384     register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 385
 386     register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 387     register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 388     register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 389     register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 390 }
 391
 392 /* Generate an initial boot sector which sets state and jump to
 393    a specified vector */
 394 static void generate_bootsect(uint32_t gpr[8], uint16_t segs[6], uint16_t ip)
 395 {
 396     uint8_t bootsect[512], *p;
 397     int i;
 398     int hda;
 399
 400     hda = drive_get_index(IF_IDE, 0, 0);
 401     if (hda == -1) {
 402         fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting "
 403                 "a Linux kernel\n");
 404         exit(1);
 405     }
 406
 407     memset(bootsect, 0, sizeof(bootsect));
 408
 409     /* Copy the MSDOS partition table if possible */
 410     bdrv_read(drives_table[hda].bdrv, 0, bootsect, 1);
 411
 412     /* Make sure we have a partition signature */
 413     bootsect[510] = 0x55;
 414     bootsect[511] = 0xaa;
 415
 416     /* Actual code */
 417     p = bootsect;
 418     *p++ = 0xfa;                /* CLI */
 419     *p++ = 0xfc;                /* CLD */
 420
 421     for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
 422         if (i == 1)             /* Skip CS */
 423             continue;
 424
 425         *p++ = 0xb8;            /* MOV AX,imm16 */
 426         *p++ = segs[i];
 427         *p++ = segs[i] >> 8;
 428         *p++ = 0x8e;            /* MOV <seg>,AX */
 429         *p++ = 0xc0 + (i << 3);
 430     }
 431
 432     for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 433         *p++ = 0x66;            /* 32-bit operand size */
 434         *p++ = 0xb8 + i;        /* MOV <reg>,imm32 */
 435         *p++ = gpr[i];
 436         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 8;
 437         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 16;
 438         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 24;
 439     }
 440
 441     *p++ = 0xea;                /* JMP FAR */
 442     *p++ = ip;                  /* IP */
 443     *p++ = ip >> 8;
 444     *p++ = segs[1];             /* CS */
 445     *p++ = segs[1] >> 8;
 446
 447     bdrv_set_boot_sector(drives_table[hda].bdrv, bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
 448 }
 449
 450 static int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
 451                        uint8_t *real_addr)
 452 {
 453     int fd, size;
 454     int setup_sects;
 455
 456     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 457     if (fd < 0)
 458         return -1;
 459
 460     /* load 16 bit code */
 461     if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
 462         goto fail;
 463     setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
 464     if (!setup_sects)
 465         setup_sects = 4;
 466     if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
 467         setup_sects * 512)
 468         goto fail;
 469
 470     /* load 32 bit code */
 471     size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
 472     if (size < 0)
 473         goto fail;
 474     close(fd);
 475     return size;
 476  fail:
 477     close(fd);
 478     return -1;
 479 }
 480
 481 static long get_file_size(FILE *f)
 482 {
 483     long where, size;
 484
 485     /* XXX: on Unix systems, using fstat() probably makes more sense */
 486
 487     where = ftell(f);
 488     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
 489     size = ftell(f);
 490     fseek(f, where, SEEK_SET);
 491
 492     return size;
 493 }
 494
 495 static void load_linux(const char *kernel_filename,
 496                        const char *initrd_filename,
 497                        const char *kernel_cmdline)
 498 {
 499     uint16_t protocol;
 500     uint32_t gpr[8];
 501     uint16_t seg[6];
 502     uint16_t real_seg;
 503     int setup_size, kernel_size, initrd_size, cmdline_size;
 504     uint32_t initrd_max;
 505     uint8_t header[1024];
 506     uint8_t *real_addr, *prot_addr, *cmdline_addr, *initrd_addr;
 507     FILE *f, *fi;
 508
 509     /* Align to 16 bytes as a paranoia measure */
 510     cmdline_size = (strlen(kernel_cmdline)+16) & ~15;
 511
 512     /* load the kernel header */
 513     f = fopen(kernel_filename, "rb");
 514     if (!f || !(kernel_size = get_file_size(f)) ||
 515         fread(header, 1, 1024, f) != 1024) {
 516         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
 517                 kernel_filename);
 518         exit(1);
 519     }
 520
 521     /* kernel protocol version */
 522 #if 0
 523     fprintf(stderr, "header magic: %#x\n", ldl_p(header+0x202));
 524 #endif
 525     if (ldl_p(header+0x202) == 0x53726448)
 526         protocol = lduw_p(header+0x206);
 527     else
 528         protocol = 0;
 529
 530     if (protocol < 0x200 || !(header[0x211] & 0x01)) {
 531         /* Low kernel */
 532         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x90000;
 533         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;
 534         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x10000;
 535     } else if (protocol < 0x202) {
 536         /* High but ancient kernel */
 537         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x90000;
 538         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;
 539         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x100000;
 540     } else {
 541         /* High and recent kernel */
 542         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x10000;
 543         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x20000;
 544         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x100000;
 545     }
 546
 547 #if 0
 548     fprintf(stderr,
 549             "qemu: real_addr     = %#zx\n"
 550             "qemu: cmdline_addr  = %#zx\n"
 551             "qemu: prot_addr     = %#zx\n",
 552             real_addr-phys_ram_base,
 553             cmdline_addr-phys_ram_base,
 554             prot_addr-phys_ram_base);
 555 #endif
 556
 557     /* highest address for loading the initrd */
 558     if (protocol >= 0x203)
 559         initrd_max = ldl_p(header+0x22c);
 560     else
 561         initrd_max = 0x37ffffff;
 562
 563     if (initrd_max >= ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE)
 564         initrd_max = ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE-1;
 565
 566     /* kernel command line */
 567     pstrcpy((char*)cmdline_addr, 4096, kernel_cmdline);
 568
 569     if (protocol >= 0x202) {
 570         stl_p(header+0x228, cmdline_addr-phys_ram_base);
 571     } else {
 572         stw_p(header+0x20, 0xA33F);
 573         stw_p(header+0x22, cmdline_addr-real_addr);
 574     }
 575
 576     /* loader type */
 577     /* High nybble = B reserved for Qemu; low nybble is revision number.
 578        If this code is substantially changed, you may want to consider
 579        incrementing the revision. */
 580     if (protocol >= 0x200)
 581         header[0x210] = 0xB0;
 582
 583     /* heap */
 584     if (protocol >= 0x201) {
 585         header[0x211] |= 0x80;  /* CAN_USE_HEAP */
 586         stw_p(header+0x224, cmdline_addr-real_addr-0x200);
 587     }
 588
 589     /* load initrd */
 590     if (initrd_filename) {
 591         if (protocol < 0x200) {
 592             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: linux kernel too old to load a ram disk\n");
 593             exit(1);
 594         }
 595
 596         fi = fopen(initrd_filename, "rb");
 597         if (!fi) {
 598             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
 599                     initrd_filename);
 600             exit(1);
 601         }
 602
 603         initrd_size = get_file_size(fi);
 604         initrd_addr = phys_ram_base + ((initrd_max-initrd_size) & ~4095);
 605
 606         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: loading initrd (%#x bytes) at %#zx\n",
 607                 initrd_size, initrd_addr-phys_ram_base);
 608
 609         if (fread(initrd_addr, 1, initrd_size, fi) != initrd_size) {
 610             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on initial ram disk '%s'\n",
 611                     initrd_filename);
 612             exit(1);
 613         }
 614         fclose(fi);
 615
 616         stl_p(header+0x218, initrd_addr-phys_ram_base);
 617         stl_p(header+0x21c, initrd_size);
 618     }
 619
 620     /* store the finalized header and load the rest of the kernel */
 621     memcpy(real_addr, header, 1024);
 622
 623     setup_size = header[0x1f1];
 624     if (setup_size == 0)
 625         setup_size = 4;
 626
 627     setup_size = (setup_size+1)*512;
 628     kernel_size -= setup_size;  /* Size of protected-mode code */
 629
 630     if (fread(real_addr+1024, 1, setup_size-1024, f) != setup_size-1024 ||
 631         fread(prot_addr, 1, kernel_size, f) != kernel_size) {
 632         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on kernel '%s'\n",
 633                 kernel_filename);
 634         exit(1);
 635     }
 636     fclose(f);
 637
 638     /* generate bootsector to set up the initial register state */
 639     real_seg = (real_addr-phys_ram_base) >> 4;
 640     seg[0] = seg[2] = seg[3] = seg[4] = seg[4] = real_seg;
 641     seg[1] = real_seg+0x20;     /* CS */
 642     memset(gpr, 0, sizeof gpr);
 643     gpr[4] = cmdline_addr-real_addr-16; /* SP (-16 is paranoia) */
 644
 645     generate_bootsect(gpr, seg, 0);
 646 }
 647
 648 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
 649 {
 650     CPUState *env = opaque;
 651     cpu_reset(env);
 652 }
 653
 654 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
 655 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
 656 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
 657
 658 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
 659
 660 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
 661 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
 662
 663 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
 664 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
 665
 666 static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
 667 static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
 668
 669 #ifdef HAS_AUDIO
 670 static void audio_init (PCIBus *pci_bus, qemu_irq *pic)
 671 {
 672     struct soundhw *c;
 673     int audio_enabled = 0;
 674
 675     for (c = soundhw; !audio_enabled && c->name; ++c) {
 676         audio_enabled = c->enabled;
 677     }
 678
 679     if (audio_enabled) {
 680         AudioState *s;
 681
 682         s = AUD_init ();
 683         if (s) {
 684             for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
 685                 if (c->enabled) {
 686                     if (c->isa) {
 687                         c->init.init_isa (s, pic);
 688                     }
 689                     else {
 690                         if (pci_bus) {
 691                             c->init.init_pci (pci_bus, s);
 692                         }
 693                     }
 694                 }
 695             }
 696         }
 697     }
 698 }
 699 #endif
 700
 701 static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(NICInfo *nd, qemu_irq *pic)
 702 {
 703     static int nb_ne2k = 0;
 704
 705     if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)
 706         return;
 707     isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[nb_ne2k], pic[ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k]], nd);
 708     nb_ne2k++;
 709 }
 710
 711 static int load_option_rom(const char *filename, int offset)
 712 {
 713     ram_addr_t option_rom_offset;
 714     int size, ret;
 715
 716     size = get_image_size(filename);
 717     if (size < 0) {
 718         fprintf(stderr, "Could not load option rom '%s'\n", filename);
 719         exit(1);
 720     }
 721     if (size > (0x10000 - offset))
 722         goto option_rom_error;
 723     option_rom_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(size);
 724     ret = load_image(filename, phys_ram_base + option_rom_offset);
 725     if (ret != size) {
 726     option_rom_error:
 727         fprintf(stderr, "Too many option ROMS\n");
 728         exit(1);
 729     }
 730     size = (size + 4095) & ~4095;
 731     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000 + offset,
 732                                  size, option_rom_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 733     if (kvm_enabled())
 734             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000 + offset,
 735                                              size, option_rom_offset |
 736                                              IO_MEM_ROM);
 737     return size;
 738 }
 739
 740 CPUState *pc_new_cpu(int cpu, const char *cpu_model, int pci_enabled)
 741 {
 742         CPUState *env = cpu_init(cpu_model);
 743         if (!env) {
 744             fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find x86 CPU definition\n");
 745             exit(1);
 746         }
 747         if (cpu != 0)
 748             env->hflags |= HF_HALTED_MASK;
 749         if (smp_cpus > 1) {
 750             /* XXX: enable it in all cases */
 751             env->cpuid_features |= CPUID_APIC;
 752         }
 753         register_savevm("cpu", cpu, 4, cpu_save, cpu_load, env);
 754         qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, env);
 755         if (pci_enabled) {
 756             apic_init(env);
 757         }
 758         vmport_init(env);
 759         return env;
 760 }
 761
 762 /* PC hardware initialisation */
 763 static void pc_init1(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
 764                      const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
 765                      const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
 766                      const char *initrd_filename,
 767                      int pci_enabled, const char *cpu_model)
 768 {
 769     char buf[1024];
 770     int ret, linux_boot, i;
 771     ram_addr_t ram_addr, vga_ram_addr, bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
 772     ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size = 0;
 773     int bios_size, isa_bios_size, vga_bios_size, opt_rom_offset;
 774     PCIBus *pci_bus;
 775     int piix3_devfn = -1;
 776     CPUState *env;
 777     NICInfo *nd;
 778     qemu_irq *cpu_irq;
 779     qemu_irq *i8259;
 780     int index;
 781     BlockDriverState *hd[MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS];
 782     BlockDriverState *fd[MAX_FD];
 783
 784     if (ram_size >= 0xe0000000 ) {
 785         above_4g_mem_size = ram_size - 0xe0000000;
 786         ram_size = 0xe0000000;
 787     }
 788
 789     linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
 790
 791     /* init CPUs */
 792     if (cpu_model == NULL) {
 793 #ifdef TARGET_X86_64
 794         cpu_model = "qemu64";
 795 #else
 796         cpu_model = "qemu32";
 797 #endif
 798     }
 799
 800     for(i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
 801         env = pc_new_cpu(i, cpu_model, pci_enabled);
 802     }
 803
 804     /* allocate RAM */
 805 #ifdef KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY
 806     if (kvm_enabled() && kvm_qemu_check_extension(KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY)) {
 807         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0xa0000);
 808         cpu_register_physical_memory(0, 0xa0000, ram_addr);
 809         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0, 0xa0000, ram_addr);
 810
 811         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0x100000 - 0xa0000);   // hole
 812         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(ram_size - 0x100000);
 813         cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000, ram_size - 0x100000, ram_addr);
 814         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000, ram_size - 0x100000,
 815                                          ram_addr);
 816     } else
 817 #endif
 818     {
 819         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(ram_size);
 820         cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, ram_addr);
 821     }
 822     /* allocate VGA RAM */
 823     vga_ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(vga_ram_size);
 824
 825     /* BIOS load */
 826     if (bios_name == NULL)
 827         bios_name = BIOS_FILENAME;
 828     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, bios_name);
 829     bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
 830     if (bios_size <= 0 ||
 831         (bios_size % 65536) != 0) {
 832         goto bios_error;
 833     }
 834     bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(bios_size);
 835     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
 836     if (ret != bios_size) {
 837     bios_error:
 838         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC BIOS '%s'\n", buf);
 839         exit(1);
 840     }
 841
 842     /* VGA BIOS load */
 843     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 844         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
 845     } else {
 846         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
 847     }
 848     vga_bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
 849     if (vga_bios_size <= 0 || vga_bios_size > 65536)
 850         goto vga_bios_error;
 851     vga_bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(65536);
 852
 853     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
 854     if (ret != vga_bios_size) {
 855     vga_bios_error:
 856         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load VGA BIOS '%s'\n", buf);
 857         exit(1);
 858     }
 859
 860     /* above 4giga memory allocation */
 861     if (above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
 862         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(above_4g_mem_size);
 863         if (hpagesize) {
 864                 if (ram_addr & (hpagesize-1)) {
 865                         unsigned long aligned_addr;
 866                         aligned_addr = (ram_addr + hpagesize - 1) &
 867                                          ~(hpagesize-1);
 868                         qemu_ram_alloc(aligned_addr - ram_addr);
 869                         ram_addr = aligned_addr;
 870                 }
 871         }
 872         cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000, above_4g_mem_size, ram_addr);
 873
 874         if (kvm_enabled())
 875             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000,
 876                                              above_4g_mem_size,
 877                                              ram_addr);
 878     }
 879
 880     /* setup basic memory access */
 881     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
 882                                  vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 883     if (kvm_enabled())
 884         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
 885                                          vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 886
 887     /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
 888     isa_bios_size = bios_size;
 889     if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
 890         isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
 891     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
 892                                  IO_MEM_UNASSIGNED);
 893     /* kvm tpr optimization needs the bios accessible for write, at least to qemu itself */
 894     cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
 895                                  isa_bios_size,
 896                                  (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) /* | IO_MEM_ROM */);
 897     if (kvm_enabled())
 898         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
 899                                          isa_bios_size,
 900                                          (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
 901
 902     opt_rom_offset = 0;
 903     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++)
 904         opt_rom_offset += load_option_rom(option_rom[i], opt_rom_offset);
 905
 906     if (extboot_drive != -1) {
 907         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, EXTBOOT_FILENAME);
 908         opt_rom_offset += load_option_rom(buf, opt_rom_offset);
 909     }
 910
 911     /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
 912     cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 913                                  bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 914     if (kvm_enabled()) {
 915         int r;
 916 #ifdef KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY
 917         r = kvm_qemu_check_extension(KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY);
 918         if (r)
 919             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 920                                            bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 921         else
 922 #endif
 923         {
 924             bios_mem = kvm_cpu_create_phys_mem((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 925                                                bios_size, 0, 1);
 926             if (!bios_mem)
 927                 exit(1);
 928             memcpy(bios_mem, phys_ram_base + bios_offset, bios_size);
 929         }
 930     }
 931
 932     bochs_bios_init();
 933
 934     if (linux_boot)
 935         load_linux(kernel_filename, initrd_filename, kernel_cmdline);
 936
 937     cpu_irq = qemu_allocate_irqs(pic_irq_request, first_cpu, 1);
 938     i8259 = i8259_init(cpu_irq[0]);
 939     ferr_irq = i8259[13];
 940
 941     if (pci_enabled) {
 942         pci_bus = i440fx_init(&i440fx_state, i8259);
 943         piix3_devfn = piix3_init(pci_bus, -1);
 944     } else {
 945         pci_bus = NULL;
 946     }
 947
 948     /* init basic PC hardware */
 949     register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
 950
 951     register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
 952
 953     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 954         if (pci_enabled) {
 955             pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
 956                                 ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 957                                 vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 958         } else {
 959             isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 960                                 vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 961         }
 962     } else if (vmsvga_enabled) {
 963         if (pci_enabled)
 964             pci_vmsvga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 965                             vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 966         else
 967             fprintf(stderr, "%s: vmware_vga: no PCI bus\n", __FUNCTION__);
 968     } else {
 969         if (pci_enabled) {
 970             pci_vga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 971                          vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size, 0, 0);
 972         } else {
 973             isa_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 974                          vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 975         }
 976     }
 977
 978     rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, i8259[8]);
 979
 980     register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
 981     register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
 982
 983     if (pci_enabled) {
 984         ioapic = ioapic_init();
 985     }
 986     pit = pit_init(0x40, i8259[0]);
 987     pcspk_init(pit);
 988     if (pci_enabled) {
 989         pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic, ioapic_set_irq, ioapic);
 990     }
 991
 992     for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
 993         if (serial_hds[i]) {
 994             serial_init(serial_io[i], i8259[serial_irq[i]], serial_hds[i]);
 995         }
 996     }
 997
 998     for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
 999         if (parallel_hds[i]) {
1000             parallel_init(parallel_io[i], i8259[parallel_irq[i]],
1001                           parallel_hds[i]);
1002         }
1003     }
1004
1005     for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
1006         nd = &nd_table[i];
1007         if (!nd->model) {
1008             if (pci_enabled) {
1009                 nd->model = "rtl8139";
1010             } else {
1011                 nd->model = "ne2k_isa";
1012             }
1013         }
1014         if (strcmp(nd->model, "ne2k_isa") == 0) {
1015             pc_init_ne2k_isa(nd, i8259);
1016         } else if (pci_enabled) {
1017             if (strcmp(nd->model, "?") == 0)
1018                 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported ISA NICs: ne2k_isa\n");
1019             pci_nic_init(pci_bus, nd, -1);
1020         } else if (strcmp(nd->model, "?") == 0) {
1021             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported ISA NICs: ne2k_isa\n");
1022             exit(1);
1023         } else {
1024             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Unsupported NIC: %s\n", nd->model);
1025             exit(1);
1026         }
1027     }
1028
1029     qemu_system_hot_add_init(cpu_model);
1030 #define USE_HYPERCALL
1031 #ifdef USE_HYPERCALL
1032     pci_hypercall_init(pci_bus);
1033 #endif
1034
1035     if (drive_get_max_bus(IF_IDE) >= MAX_IDE_BUS) {
1036         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many IDE bus\n");
1037         exit(1);
1038     }
1039
1040     for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS; i++) {
1041         index = drive_get_index(IF_IDE, i / MAX_IDE_DEVS, i % MAX_IDE_DEVS);
1042         if (index != -1)
1043             hd[i] = drives_table[index].bdrv;
1044         else
1045             hd[i] = NULL;
1046     }
1047
1048     if (pci_enabled) {
1049         pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, hd, piix3_devfn + 1, i8259);
1050     } else {
1051         for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS; i++) {
1052             isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], i8259[ide_irq[i]],
1053                          hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i], hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i + 1]);
1054         }
1055     }
1056
1057     i8042_init(i8259[1], i8259[12], 0x60);
1058     DMA_init(0);
1059 #ifdef HAS_AUDIO
1060     audio_init(pci_enabled ? pci_bus : NULL, i8259);
1061 #endif
1062
1063     for(i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {
1064         index = drive_get_index(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);
1065         if (index != -1)
1066             fd[i] = drives_table[index].bdrv;
1067         else
1068             fd[i] = NULL;
1069     }
1070     floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(i8259[6], 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd);
1071
1072     cmos_init(ram_size, above_4g_mem_size, boot_device, hd, smp_cpus);
1073
1074     if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled) {
1075         usb_uhci_piix3_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2);
1076     }
1077
1078     if (pci_enabled && acpi_enabled) {
1079         uint8_t *eeprom_buf = qemu_mallocz(8 * 256); /* XXX: make this persistent */
1080         i2c_bus *smbus;
1081
1082         /* TODO: Populate SPD eeprom data.  */
1083         smbus = piix4_pm_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 3, 0xb100, i8259[9]);
1084         for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
1085             smbus_eeprom_device_init(smbus, 0x50 + i, eeprom_buf + (i * 256));
1086         }
1087     }
1088
1089     if (i440fx_state) {
1090         i440fx_init_memory_mappings(i440fx_state);
1091     }
1092
1093     if (pci_enabled) {
1094         int max_bus;
1095         int bus, unit;
1096         void *scsi;
1097
1098         max_bus = drive_get_max_bus(IF_SCSI);
1099
1100         for (bus = 0; bus <= max_bus; bus++) {
1101             scsi = lsi_scsi_init(pci_bus, -1);
1102             for (unit = 0; unit < LSI_MAX_DEVS; unit++) {
1103                 index = drive_get_index(IF_SCSI, bus, unit);
1104                 if (index == -1)
1105                     continue;
1106                 lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, drives_table[index].bdrv, unit);
1107             }
1108         }
1109     }
1110
1111     /* Add virtio block devices */
1112     if (pci_enabled) {
1113         int index;
1114         int unit_id = 0;
1115
1116         while ((index = drive_get_index(IF_VIRTIO, 0, unit_id)) != -1) {
1117             virtio_blk_init(pci_bus, 0x1AF4, 0x1001,
1118                             drives_table[index].bdrv);
1119             unit_id++;
1120         }
1121     }
1122
1123     if (extboot_drive != -1) {
1124         DriveInfo *info = &drives_table[extboot_drive];
1125         int cyls, heads, secs;
1126
1127         if (info->type != IF_IDE) {
1128             bdrv_guess_geometry(info->bdrv, &cyls, &heads, &secs);
1129             bdrv_set_geometry_hint(info->bdrv, cyls, heads, secs);
1130         }
1131
1132         extboot_init(info->bdrv, 1);
1133     }
1134 }
1135
1136 static void pc_init_pci(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
1137                         const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
1138                         const char *kernel_filename,
1139                         const char *kernel_cmdline,
1140                         const char *initrd_filename,
1141                         const char *cpu_model)
1142 {
1143     pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds,
1144              kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
1145              initrd_filename, 1, cpu_model);
1146 }
1147
1148 static void pc_init_isa(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
1149                         const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
1150                         const char *kernel_filename,
1151                         const char *kernel_cmdline,
1152                         const char *initrd_filename,
1153                         const char *cpu_model)
1154 {
1155     pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds,
1156              kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
1157              initrd_filename, 0, cpu_model);
1158 }
1159
1160 QEMUMachine pc_machine = {
1161     "pc",
1162     "Standard PC",
1163     pc_init_pci,
1164 };
1165
1166 QEMUMachine isapc_machine = {
1167     "isapc",
1168     "ISA-only PC",
1169     pc_init_isa,
1170 };