hw/pc.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24 #include "hw.h"
  25 #include "pc.h"
  26 #include "fdc.h"
  27 #include "pci.h"
  28 #include "block.h"
  29 #include "sysemu.h"
  30 #include "audio/audio.h"
  31 #include "net.h"
  32 #include "smbus.h"
  33 #include "boards.h"
  34 #include "console.h"
  35
  36 #include "qemu-kvm.h"
  37
  38 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
  39 //#define DEBUG_BIOS
  40
  41 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
  42 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
  43 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
  44 #define EXTBOOT_FILENAME "extboot.bin"
  45
  46 #define PC_MAX_BIOS_SIZE (4 * 1024 * 1024)
  47
  48 /* Leave a chunk of memory at the top of RAM for the BIOS ACPI tables.  */
  49 #define ACPI_DATA_SIZE       0x10000
  50
  51 #define MAX_IDE_BUS 2
  52
  53 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
  54 static RTCState *rtc_state;
  55 static PITState *pit;
  56 static IOAPICState *ioapic;
  57 static PCIDevice *i440fx_state;
  58
  59 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  60 {
  61 }
  62
  63 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
  64 static qemu_irq ferr_irq;
  65 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
  66 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
  67 {
  68     qemu_irq_raise(ferr_irq);
  69 }
  70
  71 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  72 {
  73     qemu_irq_lower(ferr_irq);
  74 }
  75
  76 /* TSC handling */
  77 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
  78 {
  79     /* Note: when using kqemu, it is more logical to return the host TSC
  80        because kqemu does not trap the RDTSC instruction for
  81        performance reasons */
  82 #if USE_KQEMU
  83     if (env->kqemu_enabled) {
  84         return cpu_get_real_ticks();
  85     } else
  86 #endif
  87     {
  88         return cpu_get_ticks();
  89     }
  90 }
  91
  92 /* SMM support */
  93 void cpu_smm_update(CPUState *env)
  94 {
  95     if (i440fx_state && env == first_cpu)
  96         i440fx_set_smm(i440fx_state, (env->hflags >> HF_SMM_SHIFT) & 1);
  97 }
  98
  99
 100 /* IRQ handling */
 101 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)
 102 {
 103     int intno;
 104
 105     intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);
 106     if (intno >= 0) {
 107         /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
 108         /* XXX: improve that */
 109         pic_update_irq(isa_pic);
 110         return intno;
 111     }
 112     /* read the irq from the PIC */
 113     if (!apic_accept_pic_intr(env))
 114         return -1;
 115
 116     intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);
 117     return intno;
 118 }
 119
 120 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
 121 {
 122     CPUState *env = first_cpu;
 123
 124     if (!level)
 125         return;
 126
 127     while (env) {
 128         if (apic_accept_pic_intr(env))
 129             apic_local_deliver(env, APIC_LINT0);
 130         env = env->next_cpu;
 131     }
 132 }
 133
 134 /* PC cmos mappings */
 135
 136 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
 137
 138 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
 139 {
 140     int val;
 141
 142     switch (fd0) {
 143     case 0:
 144         /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
 145         val = 4;
 146         break;
 147     case 1:
 148         /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
 149         val = 5;
 150         break;
 151     case 2:
 152         /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
 153         val = 2;
 154         break;
 155     default:
 156         val = 0;
 157         break;
 158     }
 159     return val;
 160 }
 161
 162 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
 163 {
 164     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 165     int cylinders, heads, sectors;
 166     bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
 167     rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
 168     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
 169     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
 170     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
 171     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
 172     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
 173     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
 174     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
 175     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
 176     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
 177 }
 178
 179 /* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */
 180 static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
 181 {
 182     switch(boot_device) {
 183     case 'a':
 184     case 'b':
 185         return 0x01; /* floppy boot */
 186     case 'c':
 187         return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */
 188     case 'd':
 189         return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */
 190     case 'n':
 191         return 0x04; /* Network boot */
 192     }
 193     return 0;
 194 }
 195
 196 /* copy/pasted from cmos_init, should be made a general function
 197  and used there as well */
 198 int pc_boot_set(const char *boot_device)
 199 {
 200 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
 201     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 202     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
 203     int i;
 204
 205     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
 206     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
 207         term_printf("Too many boot devices for PC\n");
 208         return(1);
 209     }
 210     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
 211         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
 212         if (bds[i] == 0) {
 213             term_printf("Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'\n",
 214                     boot_device[i]);
 215             return(1);
 216         }
 217     }
 218     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
 219     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4));
 220     return(0);
 221 }
 222
 223 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
 224 static void cmos_init(ram_addr_t ram_size, ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size,
 225                       const char *boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table,
 226                       int smp_cpus)
 227 {
 228     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 229     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
 230     int val;
 231     int fd0, fd1, nb;
 232     int i;
 233
 234     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
 235
 236     /* memory size */
 237     val = 640; /* base memory in K */
 238     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
 239     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
 240
 241     val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
 242     if (val > 65535)
 243         val = 65535;
 244     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
 245     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
 246     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
 247     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
 248
 249     if (above_4g_mem_size) {
 250         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5b, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 16);
 251         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5c, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 24);
 252         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5d, (uint64_t)above_4g_mem_size >> 32);
 253     }
 254     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5f, smp_cpus - 1);
 255
 256     if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
 257         val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
 258     else
 259         val = 0;
 260     if (val > 65535)
 261         val = 65535;
 262     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
 263     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
 264
 265     /* set the number of CPU */
 266     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5f, smp_cpus - 1);
 267
 268     /* set boot devices, and disable floppy signature check if requested */
 269 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
 270     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
 271     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
 272         fprintf(stderr, "Too many boot devices for PC\n");
 273         exit(1);
 274     }
 275     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
 276         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
 277         if (bds[i] == 0) {
 278             fprintf(stderr, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'\n",
 279                     boot_device[i]);
 280             exit(1);
 281         }
 282     }
 283     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
 284     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ?  0x0 : 0x1));
 285
 286     /* floppy type */
 287
 288     fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
 289     fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
 290
 291     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
 292     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
 293
 294     val = 0;
 295     nb = 0;
 296     if (fd0 < 3)
 297         nb++;
 298     if (fd1 < 3)
 299         nb++;
 300     switch (nb) {
 301     case 0:
 302         break;
 303     case 1:
 304         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
 305         break;
 306     case 2:
 307         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
 308         break;
 309     }
 310     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
 311     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
 312     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
 313
 314     /* hard drives */
 315
 316     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
 317     if (hd_table[0])
 318         cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
 319     if (hd_table[1])
 320         cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
 321
 322     val = 0;
 323     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 324         if (hd_table[i]) {
 325             int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
 326             /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
 327                 geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
 328                 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
 329                 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
 330             translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);
 331             if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
 332                 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
 333                 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
 334                     /* No translation. */
 335                     translation = 0;
 336                 } else {
 337                     /* LBA translation. */
 338                     translation = 1;
 339                 }
 340             } else {
 341                 translation--;
 342             }
 343             val |= translation << (i * 2);
 344         }
 345     }
 346     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
 347 }
 348
 349 void ioport_set_a20(int enable)
 350 {
 351     /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
 352     cpu_x86_set_a20(first_cpu, enable);
 353 }
 354
 355 int ioport_get_a20(void)
 356 {
 357     return ((first_cpu->a20_mask >> 20) & 1);
 358 }
 359
 360 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 361 {
 362     ioport_set_a20((val >> 1) & 1);
 363     /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
 364 }
 365
 366 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
 367 {
 368     return ioport_get_a20() << 1;
 369 }
 370
 371 /***********************************************************/
 372 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
 373
 374 static void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 375 {
 376     static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
 377     static int shutdown_index = 0;
 378
 379     switch(addr) {
 380         /* Bochs BIOS messages */
 381     case 0x400:
 382     case 0x401:
 383         fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
 384         exit(1);
 385     case 0x402:
 386     case 0x403:
 387 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 388         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 389 #endif
 390         break;
 391     case 0x8900:
 392         /* same as Bochs power off */
 393         if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
 394             shutdown_index++;
 395             if (shutdown_index == 8) {
 396                 shutdown_index = 0;
 397                 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
 398             }
 399         } else {
 400             shutdown_index = 0;
 401         }
 402         break;
 403
 404         /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
 405     case 0x501:
 406     case 0x502:
 407         fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
 408         exit(1);
 409     case 0x500:
 410     case 0x503:
 411 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 412         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 413 #endif
 414         break;
 415     }
 416 }
 417
 418 static void bochs_bios_init(void)
 419 {
 420     register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 421     register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 422     register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 423     register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 424     register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 425
 426     register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 427     register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 428     register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 429     register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 430 }
 431
 432 /* Generate an initial boot sector which sets state and jump to
 433    a specified vector */
 434 static void generate_bootsect(uint32_t gpr[8], uint16_t segs[6], uint16_t ip)
 435 {
 436     uint8_t bootsect[512], *p;
 437     int i;
 438     int hda = extboot_drive;
 439
 440     if (hda == -1)
 441       hda = drive_get_index(IF_IDE, 0, 0);
 442     if (hda == -1) {
 443         fprintf(stderr, "-hda or -drive boot=on must be given when booting "
 444                 "a Linux kernel\n");
 445         exit(1);
 446     }
 447
 448     memset(bootsect, 0, sizeof(bootsect));
 449
 450     /* Copy the MSDOS partition table if possible */
 451     bdrv_read(drives_table[hda].bdrv, 0, bootsect, 1);
 452
 453     /* Make sure we have a partition signature */
 454     bootsect[510] = 0x55;
 455     bootsect[511] = 0xaa;
 456
 457     /* Actual code */
 458     p = bootsect;
 459     *p++ = 0xfa;                /* CLI */
 460     *p++ = 0xfc;                /* CLD */
 461
 462     for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
 463         if (i == 1)             /* Skip CS */
 464             continue;
 465
 466         *p++ = 0xb8;            /* MOV AX,imm16 */
 467         *p++ = segs[i];
 468         *p++ = segs[i] >> 8;
 469         *p++ = 0x8e;            /* MOV <seg>,AX */
 470         *p++ = 0xc0 + (i << 3);
 471     }
 472
 473     for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
 474         *p++ = 0x66;            /* 32-bit operand size */
 475         *p++ = 0xb8 + i;        /* MOV <reg>,imm32 */
 476         *p++ = gpr[i];
 477         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 8;
 478         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 16;
 479         *p++ = gpr[i] >> 24;
 480     }
 481
 482     *p++ = 0xea;                /* JMP FAR */
 483     *p++ = ip;                  /* IP */
 484     *p++ = ip >> 8;
 485     *p++ = segs[1];             /* CS */
 486     *p++ = segs[1] >> 8;
 487
 488     bdrv_set_boot_sector(drives_table[hda].bdrv, bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
 489 }
 490
 491 static long get_file_size(FILE *f)
 492 {
 493     long where, size;
 494
 495     /* XXX: on Unix systems, using fstat() probably makes more sense */
 496
 497     where = ftell(f);
 498     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
 499     size = ftell(f);
 500     fseek(f, where, SEEK_SET);
 501
 502     return size;
 503 }
 504
 505 static void load_linux(const char *kernel_filename,
 506                        const char *initrd_filename,
 507                        const char *kernel_cmdline)
 508 {
 509     uint16_t protocol;
 510     uint32_t gpr[8];
 511     uint16_t seg[6];
 512     uint16_t real_seg;
 513     int setup_size, kernel_size, initrd_size, cmdline_size;
 514     uint32_t initrd_max;
 515     uint8_t header[1024];
 516     uint8_t *real_addr, *prot_addr, *cmdline_addr, *initrd_addr;
 517     FILE *f, *fi;
 518
 519     /* Align to 16 bytes as a paranoia measure */
 520     cmdline_size = (strlen(kernel_cmdline)+16) & ~15;
 521
 522     /* load the kernel header */
 523     f = fopen(kernel_filename, "rb");
 524     if (!f || !(kernel_size = get_file_size(f)) ||
 525         fread(header, 1, 1024, f) != 1024) {
 526         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
 527                 kernel_filename);
 528         exit(1);
 529     }
 530
 531     /* kernel protocol version */
 532 #if 0
 533     fprintf(stderr, "header magic: %#x\n", ldl_p(header+0x202));
 534 #endif
 535     if (ldl_p(header+0x202) == 0x53726448)
 536         protocol = lduw_p(header+0x206);
 537     else
 538         protocol = 0;
 539
 540     if (protocol < 0x200 || !(header[0x211] & 0x01)) {
 541         /* Low kernel */
 542         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x90000;
 543         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;
 544         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x10000;
 545     } else if (protocol < 0x202) {
 546         /* High but ancient kernel */
 547         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x90000;
 548         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;
 549         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x100000;
 550     } else {
 551         /* High and recent kernel */
 552         real_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x10000;
 553         cmdline_addr = phys_ram_base + 0x20000;
 554         prot_addr    = phys_ram_base + 0x100000;
 555     }
 556
 557 #if 0
 558     fprintf(stderr,
 559             "qemu: real_addr     = %#zx\n"
 560             "qemu: cmdline_addr  = %#zx\n"
 561             "qemu: prot_addr     = %#zx\n",
 562             real_addr-phys_ram_base,
 563             cmdline_addr-phys_ram_base,
 564             prot_addr-phys_ram_base);
 565 #endif
 566
 567     /* highest address for loading the initrd */
 568     if (protocol >= 0x203)
 569         initrd_max = ldl_p(header+0x22c);
 570     else
 571         initrd_max = 0x37ffffff;
 572
 573     if (initrd_max >= ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE)
 574         initrd_max = ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE-1;
 575
 576     /* kernel command line */
 577     pstrcpy((char*)cmdline_addr, 4096, kernel_cmdline);
 578
 579     if (protocol >= 0x202) {
 580         stl_p(header+0x228, cmdline_addr-phys_ram_base);
 581     } else {
 582         stw_p(header+0x20, 0xA33F);
 583         stw_p(header+0x22, cmdline_addr-real_addr);
 584     }
 585
 586     /* loader type */
 587     /* High nybble = B reserved for Qemu; low nybble is revision number.
 588        If this code is substantially changed, you may want to consider
 589        incrementing the revision. */
 590     if (protocol >= 0x200)
 591         header[0x210] = 0xB0;
 592
 593     /* heap */
 594     if (protocol >= 0x201) {
 595         header[0x211] |= 0x80;  /* CAN_USE_HEAP */
 596         stw_p(header+0x224, cmdline_addr-real_addr-0x200);
 597     }
 598
 599     /* load initrd */
 600     if (initrd_filename) {
 601         if (protocol < 0x200) {
 602             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: linux kernel too old to load a ram disk\n");
 603             exit(1);
 604         }
 605
 606         fi = fopen(initrd_filename, "rb");
 607         if (!fi) {
 608             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
 609                     initrd_filename);
 610             exit(1);
 611         }
 612
 613         initrd_size = get_file_size(fi);
 614         initrd_addr = phys_ram_base + ((initrd_max-initrd_size) & ~4095);
 615
 616         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: loading initrd (%#x bytes) at %#zx\n",
 617                 initrd_size, initrd_addr-phys_ram_base);
 618
 619         if (fread(initrd_addr, 1, initrd_size, fi) != initrd_size) {
 620             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on initial ram disk '%s'\n",
 621                     initrd_filename);
 622             exit(1);
 623         }
 624         fclose(fi);
 625
 626         stl_p(header+0x218, initrd_addr-phys_ram_base);
 627         stl_p(header+0x21c, initrd_size);
 628     }
 629
 630     /* store the finalized header and load the rest of the kernel */
 631     memcpy(real_addr, header, 1024);
 632
 633     setup_size = header[0x1f1];
 634     if (setup_size == 0)
 635         setup_size = 4;
 636
 637     setup_size = (setup_size+1)*512;
 638     kernel_size -= setup_size;  /* Size of protected-mode code */
 639
 640     if (fread(real_addr+1024, 1, setup_size-1024, f) != setup_size-1024 ||
 641         fread(prot_addr, 1, kernel_size, f) != kernel_size) {
 642         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on kernel '%s'\n",
 643                 kernel_filename);
 644         exit(1);
 645     }
 646     fclose(f);
 647
 648     /* generate bootsector to set up the initial register state */
 649     real_seg = (real_addr-phys_ram_base) >> 4;
 650     seg[0] = seg[2] = seg[3] = seg[4] = seg[4] = real_seg;
 651     seg[1] = real_seg+0x20;     /* CS */
 652     memset(gpr, 0, sizeof gpr);
 653     gpr[4] = cmdline_addr-real_addr-16; /* SP (-16 is paranoia) */
 654
 655     generate_bootsect(gpr, seg, 0);
 656 }
 657
 658 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
 659 {
 660     CPUState *env = opaque;
 661     cpu_reset(env);
 662 }
 663
 664 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
 665 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
 666 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
 667
 668 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
 669
 670 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
 671 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
 672
 673 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
 674 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
 675
 676 static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
 677 static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
 678
 679 #ifdef HAS_AUDIO
 680 static void audio_init (PCIBus *pci_bus, qemu_irq *pic)
 681 {
 682     struct soundhw *c;
 683     int audio_enabled = 0;
 684
 685     for (c = soundhw; !audio_enabled && c->name; ++c) {
 686         audio_enabled = c->enabled;
 687     }
 688
 689     if (audio_enabled) {
 690         AudioState *s;
 691
 692         s = AUD_init ();
 693         if (s) {
 694             for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
 695                 if (c->enabled) {
 696                     if (c->isa) {
 697                         c->init.init_isa (s, pic);
 698                     }
 699                     else {
 700                         if (pci_bus) {
 701                             c->init.init_pci (pci_bus, s);
 702                         }
 703                     }
 704                 }
 705             }
 706         }
 707     }
 708 }
 709 #endif
 710
 711 static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(NICInfo *nd, qemu_irq *pic)
 712 {
 713     static int nb_ne2k = 0;
 714
 715     if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)
 716         return;
 717     isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[nb_ne2k], pic[ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k]], nd);
 718     nb_ne2k++;
 719 }
 720
 721 static int load_option_rom(const char *filename, int offset)
 722 {
 723     ram_addr_t option_rom_offset;
 724     int size, ret;
 725
 726     size = get_image_size(filename);
 727     if (size < 0) {
 728         fprintf(stderr, "Could not load option rom '%s'\n", filename);
 729         exit(1);
 730     }
 731     if (size > (0x10000 - offset))
 732         goto option_rom_error;
 733     option_rom_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(size);
 734     ret = load_image(filename, phys_ram_base + option_rom_offset);
 735     if (ret != size) {
 736     option_rom_error:
 737         fprintf(stderr, "Too many option ROMS\n");
 738         exit(1);
 739     }
 740     size = (size + 4095) & ~4095;
 741     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000 + offset,
 742                                  size, option_rom_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 743     if (kvm_enabled())
 744             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000 + offset,
 745                                              size, option_rom_offset |
 746                                              IO_MEM_ROM);
 747     return size;
 748 }
 749
 750 CPUState *pc_new_cpu(int cpu, const char *cpu_model, int pci_enabled)
 751 {
 752         CPUState *env = cpu_init(cpu_model);
 753         if (!env) {
 754             fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find x86 CPU definition\n");
 755             exit(1);
 756         }
 757         if (cpu != 0)
 758             env->hflags |= HF_HALTED_MASK;
 759         if (smp_cpus > 1) {
 760             /* XXX: enable it in all cases */
 761             env->cpuid_features |= CPUID_APIC;
 762         }
 763         register_savevm("cpu", cpu, 5, cpu_save, cpu_load, env);
 764         qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, env);
 765         if (pci_enabled) {
 766             apic_init(env);
 767         }
 768         return env;
 769 }
 770
 771 /* PC hardware initialisation */
 772 static void pc_init1(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
 773                      const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
 774                      const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
 775                      const char *initrd_filename,
 776                      int pci_enabled, const char *cpu_model)
 777 {
 778     char buf[1024];
 779     int ret, linux_boot, i;
 780     ram_addr_t ram_addr, vga_ram_addr, bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
 781     ram_addr_t below_4g_mem_size, above_4g_mem_size = 0;
 782     int bios_size, isa_bios_size, vga_bios_size, opt_rom_offset;
 783     PCIBus *pci_bus;
 784     int piix3_devfn = -1;
 785     CPUState *env;
 786     NICInfo *nd;
 787     qemu_irq *cpu_irq;
 788     qemu_irq *i8259;
 789     int index;
 790     BlockDriverState *hd[MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS];
 791     BlockDriverState *fd[MAX_FD];
 792
 793     if (ram_size >= 0xe0000000 ) {
 794         above_4g_mem_size = ram_size - 0xe0000000;
 795         below_4g_mem_size = 0xe0000000;
 796     } else {
 797         below_4g_mem_size = ram_size;
 798     }
 799
 800     qemu_register_boot_set(pc_boot_set);
 801
 802     linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
 803
 804     /* init CPUs */
 805     if (cpu_model == NULL) {
 806 #ifdef TARGET_X86_64
 807         cpu_model = "qemu64";
 808 #else
 809         cpu_model = "qemu32";
 810 #endif
 811     }
 812
 813     for(i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
 814         env = pc_new_cpu(i, cpu_model, pci_enabled);
 815     }
 816
 817     vmport_init();
 818
 819     /* allocate RAM */
 820 #ifdef KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY
 821     if (kvm_enabled() && kvm_qemu_check_extension(KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY)) {
 822         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0xa0000);
 823         cpu_register_physical_memory(0, 0xa0000, ram_addr);
 824         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0, 0xa0000, ram_addr);
 825
 826         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0x100000 - 0xa0000);   // hole
 827         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(below_4g_mem_size - 0x100000);
 828         cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000,
 829                                      below_4g_mem_size - 0x100000,
 830                                      ram_addr);
 831         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000,
 832                                          below_4g_mem_size - 0x100000,
 833                                          ram_addr);
 834         /* above 4giga memory allocation */
 835         if (above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
 836             ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(above_4g_mem_size);
 837             if (hpagesize) {
 838                 if (ram_addr & (hpagesize-1)) {
 839                         unsigned long aligned_addr;
 840                         aligned_addr = (ram_addr + hpagesize - 1) &
 841                                          ~(hpagesize-1);
 842                         qemu_ram_alloc(aligned_addr - ram_addr);
 843                         ram_addr = aligned_addr;
 844                 }
 845             }
 846             cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000ULL,
 847                                          above_4g_mem_size,
 848                                          ram_addr);
 849             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000ULL,
 850                                              above_4g_mem_size,
 851                                              ram_addr);
 852         }
 853     } else
 854 #endif
 855     {
 856         ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(ram_size);
 857         cpu_register_physical_memory(0, below_4g_mem_size, ram_addr);
 858         /* above 4giga memory allocation */
 859         if (above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
 860             cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000ULL, above_4g_mem_size,
 861                                          ram_addr + below_4g_mem_size);
 862         }
 863     }
 864     /* allocate VGA RAM */
 865     vga_ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(vga_ram_size);
 866
 867     /* BIOS load */
 868     if (bios_name == NULL)
 869         bios_name = BIOS_FILENAME;
 870     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, bios_name);
 871     bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
 872     if (bios_size <= 0 ||
 873         (bios_size % 65536) != 0) {
 874         goto bios_error;
 875     }
 876     bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(bios_size);
 877     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
 878     if (ret != bios_size) {
 879     bios_error:
 880         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC BIOS '%s'\n", buf);
 881         exit(1);
 882     }
 883
 884     /* VGA BIOS load */
 885     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 886         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
 887     } else {
 888         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
 889     }
 890     vga_bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
 891     if (vga_bios_size <= 0 || vga_bios_size > 65536)
 892         goto vga_bios_error;
 893     vga_bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(65536);
 894
 895     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
 896     if (ret != vga_bios_size) {
 897     vga_bios_error:
 898         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load VGA BIOS '%s'\n", buf);
 899         exit(1);
 900     }
 901
 902     /* setup basic memory access */
 903     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
 904                                  vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 905     if (kvm_enabled())
 906         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
 907                                          vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 908
 909     /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
 910     isa_bios_size = bios_size;
 911     if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
 912         isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
 913     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
 914                                  IO_MEM_UNASSIGNED);
 915     /* kvm tpr optimization needs the bios accessible for write, at least to qemu itself */
 916     cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
 917                                  isa_bios_size,
 918                                  (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) /* | IO_MEM_ROM */);
 919     if (kvm_enabled())
 920         kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
 921                                          isa_bios_size,
 922                                          (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
 923
 924     opt_rom_offset = 0;
 925     for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++)
 926         opt_rom_offset += load_option_rom(option_rom[i], opt_rom_offset);
 927
 928     if (extboot_drive != -1) {
 929         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, EXTBOOT_FILENAME);
 930         opt_rom_offset += load_option_rom(buf, opt_rom_offset);
 931     }
 932
 933     /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
 934     cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 935                                  bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 936     if (kvm_enabled()) {
 937         int r;
 938 #ifdef KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY
 939         r = kvm_qemu_check_extension(KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY);
 940         if (r)
 941             kvm_cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 942                                            bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 943         else
 944 #endif
 945         {
 946             bios_mem = kvm_cpu_create_phys_mem((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 947                                                bios_size, 0, 1);
 948             if (!bios_mem)
 949                 exit(1);
 950             memcpy(bios_mem, phys_ram_base + bios_offset, bios_size);
 951         }
 952     }
 953
 954     bochs_bios_init();
 955
 956     if (linux_boot)
 957         load_linux(kernel_filename, initrd_filename, kernel_cmdline);
 958
 959     cpu_irq = qemu_allocate_irqs(pic_irq_request, NULL, 1);
 960     i8259 = i8259_init(cpu_irq[0]);
 961     ferr_irq = i8259[13];
 962
 963     if (pci_enabled) {
 964         pci_bus = i440fx_init(&i440fx_state, i8259);
 965         piix3_devfn = piix3_init(pci_bus, -1);
 966     } else {
 967         pci_bus = NULL;
 968     }
 969
 970     /* init basic PC hardware */
 971     register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
 972
 973     register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
 974
 975     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 976         if (pci_enabled) {
 977             pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
 978                                 ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 979                                 vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 980         } else {
 981             isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 982                                 vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 983         }
 984     } else if (vmsvga_enabled) {
 985         if (pci_enabled)
 986             pci_vmsvga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 987                             vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 988         else
 989             fprintf(stderr, "%s: vmware_vga: no PCI bus\n", __FUNCTION__);
 990     } else {
 991         if (pci_enabled) {
 992             pci_vga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 993                          vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size, 0, 0);
 994         } else {
 995             isa_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + vga_ram_addr,
 996                          vga_ram_addr, vga_ram_size);
 997         }
 998     }
 999
1000     rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, i8259[8]);
1001
1002     register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
1003     register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
1004
1005     if (pci_enabled) {
1006         ioapic = ioapic_init();
1007     }
1008 #ifdef USE_KVM_PIT
1009     if (kvm_enabled() && qemu_kvm_pit_in_kernel())
1010         pit = kvm_pit_init(0x40, i8259[0]);
1011     else
1012 #endif
1013         pit = pit_init(0x40, i8259[0]);
1014     pcspk_init(pit);
1015     if (pci_enabled) {
1016         pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic, ioapic_set_irq, ioapic);
1017     }
1018
1019     for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
1020         if (serial_hds[i]) {
1021             serial_init(serial_io[i], i8259[serial_irq[i]], 115200,
1022                         serial_hds[i]);
1023         }
1024     }
1025
1026     for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
1027         if (parallel_hds[i]) {
1028             parallel_init(parallel_io[i], i8259[parallel_irq[i]],
1029                           parallel_hds[i]);
1030         }
1031     }
1032
1033     for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
1034         nd = &nd_table[i];
1035         if (!nd->model) {
1036             if (pci_enabled) {
1037                 nd->model = "rtl8139";
1038             } else {
1039                 nd->model = "ne2k_isa";
1040             }
1041         }
1042         if (strcmp(nd->model, "ne2k_isa") == 0) {
1043             pc_init_ne2k_isa(nd, i8259);
1044         } else if (pci_enabled) {
1045             if (strcmp(nd->model, "?") == 0)
1046                 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported ISA NICs: ne2k_isa\n");
1047             if (!pci_nic_init(pci_bus, nd, -1))
1048                 exit(1);
1049         } else if (strcmp(nd->model, "?") == 0) {
1050             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported ISA NICs: ne2k_isa\n");
1051             exit(1);
1052         } else {
1053             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Unsupported NIC: %s\n", nd->model);
1054             exit(1);
1055         }
1056     }
1057
1058     qemu_system_hot_add_init(cpu_model);
1059 #define USE_HYPERCALL
1060 #ifdef USE_HYPERCALL
1061     pci_hypercall_init(pci_bus);
1062 #endif
1063
1064     if (drive_get_max_bus(IF_IDE) >= MAX_IDE_BUS) {
1065         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many IDE bus\n");
1066         exit(1);
1067     }
1068
1069     for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS; i++) {
1070         index = drive_get_index(IF_IDE, i / MAX_IDE_DEVS, i % MAX_IDE_DEVS);
1071         if (index != -1)
1072             hd[i] = drives_table[index].bdrv;
1073         else
1074             hd[i] = NULL;
1075     }
1076
1077     if (pci_enabled) {
1078         pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, hd, piix3_devfn + 1, i8259);
1079     } else {
1080         for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS; i++) {
1081             isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], i8259[ide_irq[i]],
1082                          hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i], hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i + 1]);
1083         }
1084     }
1085
1086     i8042_init(i8259[1], i8259[12], 0x60);
1087     DMA_init(0);
1088 #ifdef HAS_AUDIO
1089     audio_init(pci_enabled ? pci_bus : NULL, i8259);
1090 #endif
1091
1092     for(i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {
1093         index = drive_get_index(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);
1094         if (index != -1)
1095             fd[i] = drives_table[index].bdrv;
1096         else
1097             fd[i] = NULL;
1098     }
1099     floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(i8259[6], 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd);
1100
1101     cmos_init(below_4g_mem_size, above_4g_mem_size, boot_device, hd,
1102               smp_cpus);
1103
1104     if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled) {
1105         usb_uhci_piix3_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2);
1106     }
1107
1108     if (pci_enabled && acpi_enabled) {
1109         uint8_t *eeprom_buf = qemu_mallocz(8 * 256); /* XXX: make this persistent */
1110         i2c_bus *smbus;
1111
1112         /* TODO: Populate SPD eeprom data.  */
1113         smbus = piix4_pm_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 3, 0xb100, i8259[9]);
1114         for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
1115             smbus_eeprom_device_init(smbus, 0x50 + i, eeprom_buf + (i * 256));
1116         }
1117     }
1118
1119     if (i440fx_state) {
1120         i440fx_init_memory_mappings(i440fx_state);
1121     }
1122
1123     if (pci_enabled) {
1124         int max_bus;
1125         int bus, unit;
1126         void *scsi;
1127
1128         max_bus = drive_get_max_bus(IF_SCSI);
1129
1130         for (bus = 0; bus <= max_bus; bus++) {
1131             scsi = lsi_scsi_init(pci_bus, -1);
1132             for (unit = 0; unit < LSI_MAX_DEVS; unit++) {
1133                 index = drive_get_index(IF_SCSI, bus, unit);
1134                 if (index == -1)
1135                     continue;
1136                 lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, drives_table[index].bdrv, unit);
1137             }
1138         }
1139     }
1140
1141     /* Add virtio block devices */
1142     if (pci_enabled) {
1143         int index;
1144         int unit_id = 0;
1145
1146         while ((index = drive_get_index(IF_VIRTIO, 0, unit_id)) != -1) {
1147             virtio_blk_init(pci_bus, 0x1AF4, 0x1001,
1148                             drives_table[index].bdrv);
1149             unit_id++;
1150         }
1151     }
1152
1153     if (extboot_drive != -1) {
1154         DriveInfo *info = &drives_table[extboot_drive];
1155         int cyls, heads, secs;
1156
1157         if (info->type != IF_IDE && info->type != IF_VIRTIO) {
1158             bdrv_guess_geometry(info->bdrv, &cyls, &heads, &secs);
1159             bdrv_set_geometry_hint(info->bdrv, cyls, heads, secs);
1160         }
1161
1162         extboot_init(info->bdrv, 1);
1163     }
1164 }
1165
1166 static void pc_init_pci(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
1167                         const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
1168                         const char *kernel_filename,
1169                         const char *kernel_cmdline,
1170                         const char *initrd_filename,
1171                         const char *cpu_model)
1172 {
1173     pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds,
1174              kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
1175              initrd_filename, 1, cpu_model);
1176 }
1177
1178 static void pc_init_isa(ram_addr_t ram_size, int vga_ram_size,
1179                         const char *boot_device, DisplayState *ds,
1180                         const char *kernel_filename,
1181                         const char *kernel_cmdline,
1182                         const char *initrd_filename,
1183                         const char *cpu_model)
1184 {
1185     pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds,
1186              kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
1187              initrd_filename, 0, cpu_model);
1188 }
1189
1190 QEMUMachine pc_machine = {
1191     "pc",
1192     "Standard PC",
1193     pc_init_pci,
1194     VGA_RAM_SIZE + PC_MAX_BIOS_SIZE,
1195 };
1196
1197 QEMUMachine isapc_machine = {
1198     "isapc",
1199     "ISA-only PC",
1200     pc_init_isa,
1201     VGA_RAM_SIZE + PC_MAX_BIOS_SIZE,
1202 };