1 ;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------
3 ;; Copyright 1994-2007 H. Peter Anvin - All Rights Reserved
5 ;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 ;; the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 53 Temple Place Ste 330,
8 ;; Boston MA 02111-1307, USA; either version 2 of the License, or
9 ;; (at your option) any later version; incorporated herein by reference.
11 ;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------
16 ;; 32-bit bcopy routine for real mode
20 ; 32-bit bcopy routine for real mode
22 ; We enter protected mode, set up a flat 32-bit environment, run rep movsd
23 ; and then exit. IMPORTANT: This code assumes cs == 0.
25 ; This code is probably excessively anal-retentive in its handling of
26 ; segments, but this stuff is painful enough as it is without having to rely
27 ; on everything happening "as it ought to."
29 ; NOTE: this code is relocated into low memory, just after the .earlybss
30 ; segment, in order to support to "bcopy over self" operation.
37 ; This is in the .text segment since it needs to be
38 ; contiguous with the rest of the bcopy stuff
40 bcopy_gdt: dw bcopy_gdt_size-1 ; Null descriptor - contains GDT
41 dd bcopy_gdt ; pointer for LGDT instruction
43 dd 0000ffffh ; Code segment, use16, readable,
44 dd 00009b00h ; present, dpl 0, cover 64K
45 dd 0000ffffh ; Data segment, use16, read/write,
46 dd 008f9300h ; present, dpl 0, cover all 4G
47 dd 0000ffffh ; Data segment, use16, read/write,
48 dd 00009300h ; present, dpl 0, cover 64K
49 ; The rest are used for COM32 only
50 dd 0000ffffh ; Code segment, use32, readable,
51 dd 00cf9b00h ; present, dpl 0, cover all 4G
52 dd 0000ffffh ; Data segment, use32, read/write,
53 dd 00cf9300h ; present, dpl 0, cover all 4G
54 bcopy_gdt_size: equ $-bcopy_gdt
58 ; 32-bit copy, overlap safe
61 ; ESI - source pointer (-1 means do bzero rather than bcopy)
62 ; EDI - target pointer
67 ; ESI - first byte after source (garbage if ESI == -1 on entry)
68 ; EDI - first byte after target
76 pushf ; Saves, among others, the IF flag
85 mov bx,ss ; Save the stack segment value!
87 o32 lgdt [cs:bcopy_gdt]
90 mov cr0,eax ; Enter protected mode
93 .in_pm: mov ax,10h ; Data segment selector
97 ; Set ss, fs, and gs, in case we're on a virtual machine
98 ; running on Intel VT hardware -- it can't deal with a
99 ; partial transition, for no good reason. However,
100 ; ss is NOT zero in general, so we have to preserve
103 mov ax,18h ; Real-mode-like segment
111 cmp esi,edi ; If source > destination, we might
112 ja .reverse ; have to copy backwards
115 mov al,cl ; Save low bits
117 shr ecx,2 ; Convert to dwords
118 a32 rep movsd ; Do our business
119 ; At this point ecx == 0
121 mov cl,al ; Copy any fractional dword
127 lea esi,[esi+ecx-1] ; Point to final byte
134 ; Change ESI/EDI to point to the last dword, instead
146 mov si,cx ; Save low bits
151 mov cx,si ; Write fractional dword
156 mov ax,18h ; "Real-mode-like" data segment
162 mov cr0,eax ; Disable protected mode
165 .in_rm: ; Back in real mode
173 popf ; Re-enables interrupts
184 ; Routines to enable and disable (yuck) A20. These routines are gathered
185 ; from tips from a couple of sources, including the Linux kernel and
186 ; http://www.x86.org/. The need for the delay to be as large as given here
187 ; is indicated by Donnie Barnes of RedHat, the problematic system being an
188 ; IBM ThinkPad 760EL.
190 ; We typically toggle A20 twice for every 64K transferred.
192 %define io_delay call _io_delay
193 %define IO_DELAY_PORT 80h ; Invalid port (we hope!)
194 %define disable_wait 32 ; How long to wait for a disable
196 ; Note the skip of 2 here
197 %define A20_DUNNO 0 ; A20 type unknown
198 %define A20_NONE 2 ; A20 always on?
199 %define A20_BIOS 4 ; A20 BIOS enable
200 %define A20_KBC 6 ; A20 through KBC
201 %define A20_FAST 8 ; A20 through port 92h
203 slow_out: out dx, al ; Fall through
205 _io_delay: out IO_DELAY_PORT,al
211 mov byte [cs:A20Tries],255 ; Times to try to make this work
222 ; If the A20 type is known, jump straight to type
225 jmp word [cs:bp+A20List]
228 ; First, see if we are on a system with no A20 gate
232 mov byte [cs:A20Type], A20_NONE
237 ; Next, try the BIOS (INT 15h AX=2401h)
240 mov byte [cs:A20Type], A20_BIOS
242 pushf ; Some BIOSes muck with IF
250 ; Enable the keyboard controller A20 gate
253 mov dl, 1 ; Allow early exit
255 jnz a20_done ; A20 live, no need to use KBC
257 mov byte [cs:A20Type], A20_KBC ; Starting KBC command sequence
259 mov al,0D1h ; Command write
261 call empty_8042_uncond
265 call empty_8042_uncond
267 ; Verify that A20 actually is enabled. Do that by
268 ; observing a word in low memory and the same word in
269 ; the HMA until they are no longer coherent. Note that
270 ; we don't do the same check in the disable case, because
271 ; we don't want to *require* A20 masking (SYSLINUX should
272 ; work fine without it, if the BIOS does.)
282 ; Running out of options here. Final attempt: enable the "fast A20 gate"
285 mov byte [cs:A20Type], A20_FAST ; Haven't used the KBC yet
288 and al,~01h ; Don't accidentally reset the machine!
301 ; Oh bugger. A20 is not responding. Try frobbing it again; eventually give up
302 ; and report failure to the user.
306 dec byte [cs:A20Tries]
313 err_a20 db CR, LF, 'A20 gate not responding!', CR, LF, 0
317 ; A20 unmasked, proceed...
324 ; This routine tests if A20 is enabled (ZF = 0). This routine
325 ; must not destroy any register contents.
331 mov cx,0FFFFh ; HMA = segment 0FFFFh
333 mov cx,32 ; Loop count
337 io_delay ; Serialize, and fix delay
338 cmp ax,[es:A20Test+10h]
355 jmp word [cs:bp+A20DList]
359 pushf ; Some BIOSes muck with IF
362 jmp short a20d_snooze
365 ; Disable the "fast A20 gate"
371 jmp short a20d_snooze
374 ; Disable the keyboard controller A20 gate
377 call empty_8042_uncond
379 out 064h, al ; Command write
380 call empty_8042_uncond
381 mov al,0DDh ; A20 off
383 call empty_8042_uncond
384 ; Wait a bit for it to take effect
388 .delayloop: call a20_test
398 ; Routine to empty the 8042 KBC controller. If dl != 0
399 ; then we will test A20 in the loop and exit if A20 is
410 in al, 064h ; Status port
414 in al, 060h ; Read input
423 ; Execute a WBINVD instruction if possible on this CPU
434 ; This routine is used to shuffle memory around, followed by
435 ; invoking an entry point somewhere in low memory. This routine
436 ; can clobber any memory above 7C00h, we therefore have to move
437 ; necessary code into the trackbuf area before doing the copy,
438 ; and do adjustments to anything except BSS area references.
440 ; NOTE: Since PXELINUX relocates itself, put all these
441 ; references in the ".earlybss" segment.
443 ; After performing the copy, this routine resets the stack and
444 ; jumps to the specified entrypoint.
446 ; IMPORTANT: This routine does not canonicalize the stack or the
447 ; SS register. That is the responsibility of the caller.
450 ; DS:BX -> Pointer to list of (dst, src, len) pairs(*)
451 ; AX -> Number of list entries
452 ; [CS:EntryPoint] -> CS:IP to jump to
453 ; On stack - initial state (fd, ad, ds, es, fs, gs)
455 ; (*) If dst == -1, then (src, len) entry refers to a set of new
456 ; descriptors to load.
457 ; If src == -1, then the memory pointed to by (dst, len) is bzeroed;
458 ; this is handled inside the bcopy routine.
482 jmp far [cs:EntryPoint]
485 mov bx, trackbuf ; Next descriptor
487 push ecx ; Save byte count
492 div ecx ; Convert to descriptor count
498 ; This routine is chained to from shuffle_and_boot to invoke a
499 ; flat 32-bit protected mode operating system.
504 o32 lgdt [cs:bcopy_gdt]
507 mov cr0,eax ; Enter protected mode
508 mov ax,28h ; 32-bit data segment selector
514 jmp 020h:TrampolineBuf ; 20h = 32-bit code segment
517 A20List dw a20_dunno, a20_none, a20_bios, a20_kbc, a20_fast
518 A20DList dw a20d_dunno, a20d_none, a20d_bios, a20d_kbc, a20d_fast
519 a20_adjust_cnt equ ($-A20List)/2
521 A20Type dw A20_NONE ; A20 type
523 ; Total size of .bcopy32 section
524 alignb 4, db 0 ; Even number of dwords
525 __bcopy_size equ $-__bcopy_start
529 EntryPoint resd 1 ; CS:IP for shuffle_and_boot
530 A20Test resw 1 ; Counter for testing status of A20
531 A20Tries resb 1 ; Times until giving up on A20
534 ; This buffer contains synthesized code for shuffle-and-boot.
535 ; For the PM case, it is 9*5 = 45 bytes long; for the RM case it is
536 ; 8*6 to set the GPRs, 6*5 to set the segment registers (including a dummy
537 ; setting of CS), 5 bytes to set CS:IP, for a total of 83 bytes.
538 TrampolineBuf resb 83 ; Shuffle and boot trampoline