1 ;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------
3 ;; Copyright 1994-2005 H. Peter Anvin - All Rights Reserved
5 ;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 ;; the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 53 Temple Place Ste 330,
8 ;; Boston MA 02111-1307, USA; either version 2 of the License, or
9 ;; (at your option) any later version; incorporated herein by reference.
11 ;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------
16 ;; 32-bit bcopy routine for real mode
20 ; 32-bit bcopy routine for real mode
22 ; We enter protected mode, set up a flat 32-bit environment, run rep movsd
23 ; and then exit. IMPORTANT: This code assumes cs == 0.
25 ; This code is probably excessively anal-retentive in its handling of
26 ; segments, but this stuff is painful enough as it is without having to rely
27 ; on everything happening "as it ought to."
29 ; NOTE: this code is relocated into low memory, just after the .earlybss
30 ; segment, in order to support to "bcopy over self" operation.
37 ; This is in the .text segment since it needs to be
38 ; contiguous with the rest of the bcopy stuff
40 bcopy_gdt: dw bcopy_gdt_size-1 ; Null descriptor - contains GDT
41 dd bcopy_gdt ; pointer for LGDT instruction
43 dd 0000ffffh ; Code segment, use16, readable,
44 dd 00009b00h ; present, dpl 0, cover 64K
45 dd 0000ffffh ; Data segment, use16, read/write,
46 dd 008f9300h ; present, dpl 0, cover all 4G
47 dd 0000ffffh ; Data segment, use16, read/write,
48 dd 00009300h ; present, dpl 0, cover 64K
49 ; The rest are used for COM32 only
50 dd 0000ffffh ; Code segment, use32, readable,
51 dd 00cf9b00h ; present, dpl 0, cover all 4G
52 dd 0000ffffh ; Data segment, use32, read/write,
53 dd 00cf9300h ; present, dpl 0, cover all 4G
54 bcopy_gdt_size: equ $-bcopy_gdt
58 ; 32-bit copy, overlap safe
61 ; ESI - source pointer
62 ; EDI - target pointer
67 ; ESI - first byte after source
68 ; EDI - first byte after target
75 pushf ; Saves, among others, the IF flag
82 o32 lgdt [cs:bcopy_gdt]
85 mov cr0,eax ; Enter protected mode
88 .in_pm: mov ax,10h ; Data segment selector
92 ; Don't mess with ss, fs, and gs. They are never changed
93 ; and should be able to make it back out of protected mode.
94 ; This works because (and only because) we don't take
95 ; interrupt in protected mode.
97 cmp esi,edi ; If source > destination, we might
98 ja .reverse ; have to copy backwards
101 mov al,cl ; Save low bits
103 shr ecx,2 ; Convert to dwords
104 a32 rep movsd ; Do our business
105 ; At this point ecx == 0
107 mov cl,al ; Copy any fractional dword
113 lea esi,[esi+ecx-1] ; Point to final byte
120 ; Change ESI/EDI to point to the last dword, instead
130 mov ax,18h ; "Real-mode-like" data segment
136 mov cr0,eax ; Disable protected mode
139 .in_rm: ; Back in real mode
144 popf ; Re-enables interrupts
154 ; Routines to enable and disable (yuck) A20. These routines are gathered
155 ; from tips from a couple of sources, including the Linux kernel and
156 ; http://www.x86.org/. The need for the delay to be as large as given here
157 ; is indicated by Donnie Barnes of RedHat, the problematic system being an
158 ; IBM ThinkPad 760EL.
160 ; We typically toggle A20 twice for every 64K transferred.
162 %define io_delay call _io_delay
163 %define IO_DELAY_PORT 80h ; Invalid port (we hope!)
164 %define disable_wait 32 ; How long to wait for a disable
166 ; Note the skip of 2 here
167 %define A20_DUNNO 0 ; A20 type unknown
168 %define A20_NONE 2 ; A20 always on?
169 %define A20_BIOS 4 ; A20 BIOS enable
170 %define A20_KBC 6 ; A20 through KBC
171 %define A20_FAST 8 ; A20 through port 92h
173 slow_out: out dx, al ; Fall through
175 _io_delay: out IO_DELAY_PORT,al
181 mov byte [cs:A20Tries],255 ; Times to try to make this work
192 ; If the A20 type is known, jump straight to type
195 jmp word [cs:bp+A20List]
198 ; First, see if we are on a system with no A20 gate
202 mov byte [cs:A20Type], A20_NONE
207 ; Next, try the BIOS (INT 15h AX=2401h)
210 mov byte [cs:A20Type], A20_BIOS
212 pushf ; Some BIOSes muck with IF
220 ; Enable the keyboard controller A20 gate
223 mov dl, 1 ; Allow early exit
225 jnz a20_done ; A20 live, no need to use KBC
227 mov byte [cs:A20Type], A20_KBC ; Starting KBC command sequence
229 mov al,0D1h ; Command write
231 call empty_8042_uncond
235 call empty_8042_uncond
237 ; Verify that A20 actually is enabled. Do that by
238 ; observing a word in low memory and the same word in
239 ; the HMA until they are no longer coherent. Note that
240 ; we don't do the same check in the disable case, because
241 ; we don't want to *require* A20 masking (SYSLINUX should
242 ; work fine without it, if the BIOS does.)
252 ; Running out of options here. Final attempt: enable the "fast A20 gate"
255 mov byte [cs:A20Type], A20_FAST ; Haven't used the KBC yet
258 and al,~01h ; Don't accidentally reset the machine!
271 ; Oh bugger. A20 is not responding. Try frobbing it again; eventually give up
272 ; and report failure to the user.
276 dec byte [cs:A20Tries]
282 ; A20 unmasked, proceed...
289 ; This routine tests if A20 is enabled (ZF = 0). This routine
290 ; must not destroy any register contents.
296 mov cx,0FFFFh ; HMA = segment 0FFFFh
298 mov cx,32 ; Loop count
302 io_delay ; Serialize, and fix delay
303 cmp ax,[es:A20Test+10h]
320 jmp word [cs:bp+A20DList]
324 pushf ; Some BIOSes muck with IF
327 jmp short a20d_snooze
330 ; Disable the "fast A20 gate"
336 jmp short a20d_snooze
339 ; Disable the keyboard controller A20 gate
342 call empty_8042_uncond
344 out 064h, al ; Command write
345 call empty_8042_uncond
346 mov al,0DDh ; A20 off
348 call empty_8042_uncond
349 ; Wait a bit for it to take effect
353 .delayloop: call a20_test
363 ; Routine to empty the 8042 KBC controller. If dl != 0
364 ; then we will test A20 in the loop and exit if A20 is
375 in al, 064h ; Status port
379 in al, 060h ; Read input
388 ; Execute a WBINVD instruction if possible on this CPU
399 ; This routine is used to shuffle memory around, followed by
400 ; invoking an entry point somewhere in low memory. This routine
401 ; can clobber any memory above 7C00h, we therefore have to move
402 ; necessary code into the trackbuf area before doing the copy,
403 ; and do adjustments to anything except BSS area references.
405 ; NOTE: Since PXELINUX relocates itself, put all these
406 ; references in the ".earlybss" segment.
408 ; After performing the copy, this routine resets the stack and
409 ; jumps to the specified entrypoint.
411 ; IMPORTANT: This routine does not canonicalize the stack or the
412 ; SS register. That is the responsibility of the caller.
415 ; DS:BX -> Pointer to list of (dst, src, len) pairs
416 ; AX -> Number of list entries
417 ; [CS:EntryPoint] -> CS:IP to jump to
418 ; On stack - initial state (fd, ad, ds, es, fs, gs)
439 jmp far [cs:EntryPoint]
442 A20List dw a20_dunno, a20_none, a20_bios, a20_kbc, a20_fast
443 A20DList dw a20d_dunno, a20d_none, a20d_bios, a20d_kbc, a20d_fast
444 a20_adjust_cnt equ ($-A20List)/2
446 A20Type dw A20_NONE ; A20 type
448 ; Total size of .bcopy32 section
449 alignb 4, db 0 ; Even number of dwords
450 __bcopy_size equ $-__bcopy_start
454 EntryPoint resd 1 ; CS:IP for shuffle_and_boot
455 A20Test resw 1 ; Counter for testing status of A20
456 A20Tries resb 1 ; Times until giving up on A20