3 .\" Copyright (c) 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
4 .\" All rights reserved.
6 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
7 .\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
8 .\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
9 .\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such
10 .\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
11 .\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
12 .\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
13 .\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
14 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
15 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
16 .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
18 .\" @(#)ref.me 6.4 (Berkeley) 7/17/89
20 .\" Modified by jjc@jclark.com for groff.
21 .\" Adapted to S-roff by Steffen (Daode) Nurpmeso <steffen@sdaoden.eu>.
28 .de TL \" *** title line
39 \\\\h'|\\\\n(DIu'\\\\c
57 .he '\-ME REFERENCE MANUAL''%'
65 .\"eh 'USD:23-%''\-me Reference Manual'
66 .\"oh '\-me Reference Manual''USD:23-%'
70 .b "\-ME REFERENCE MANUAL"
73 .i "\*S Version \*(MO\(dg"
75 \(dgBased on Berkeley Release 2.31.
81 *Author's current address:
83 1919 Addison Suite 105,
84 Berkeley, California 94704.
88 Electronics Research Laboratory
89 University of California, Berkeley
90 Berkeley, California 94720
92 .i "Modified for \*G by James Clark"
93 .i "Modified for \*S by Steffen (Daode) Nurpmeso"
97 This document describes
98 in extremely terse form
104 Some familiarity is assumed
108 the reader should understand
112 the use and definition of number registers
114 how to define macros,
115 and scaling factors for ens, points,
117 (vertical line spaces),
120 For a more casual introduction
123 refer to the document
125 Writing Papers with \*S using \-me.
127 There are a number of macro parameters
128 that may be adjusted.
129 Fonts may be set to a font number only.
130 Font 0 is no font change;
131 the font of the surrounding text
133 Notice that font 0 is a
136 it is simulated by the macros.
137 This means that although it is valid to set a font register
139 it is not valid to use the escape character form,
147 so it is nearly always necessary
148 to use a scaling factor.
151 to set the paragraph indent
152 to eight one-en spaces is:
160 which would set the paragraph indent to eight basic units,
162 Default parameter values are given in brackets
163 in the remainder of this document.
165 Registers and strings
169 may be used in expressions
170 but should not be changed.
174 perform some function
177 to change this function.
178 This may be a sensitive operation;
179 look at the body of the original macro
183 follow a rigid naming convention.
184 The user may define number registers,
188 uses single character upper case names
189 or double character names
190 consisting of letters and digits,
191 with at least one upper case letter.
192 In no case should special characters
193 be used in user-defined names.
194 Locally defined macros
195 should all be of the form
201 (upper or lower case)
204 This documentation applies to \*S version
209 These macros are used
211 The standard paragraph macro
214 the others are all variants
215 to be used for special purposes.
217 After the first call to one of the paragraphing macros
218 defined in this section
222 (defined in the next session),
223 the effects of changing parameters
224 which will have a global effect
225 on the format of the page
226 (notably page length and header and footer margins)
228 and should be avoided.
232 Begin left-justified paragraph.
233 Centering and underlining
234 are turned off if they were on,
272 This is the standard paragraph macro.
280 The body of the following paragraph
291 more than a non-indented paragraph
297 is exdented (opposite of indented).
298 The result is a paragraph
299 with an even left edge
302 printed in the margin.
308 will not fit in the space provided,
310 will start a new line.
314 A variant of .ip which numbers paragraphs.
321 The current paragraph number
329 except that paragraphs are marked with bullets (\(bu).
330 Leading space is eliminated to create compact lists.
331 .sh 1 "Section Headings"
334 are similar to paragraphs
338 generated for each one.
339 The section numbers are of the form
344 is the count of numbers
345 (separated by decimal points)
346 in the section number.
348 Unnumbered section headings are similar,
349 except that no number is attached
357 Begin numbered section
369 the individual parts of the section number
377 space before the section.
389 of the section may be accessed via
397 times the section depth,
398 and the section title
403 an additional indent of
406 is added to the section title
407 (but not to the body of the section).
409 to the paragraph font,
410 so that more information may occur
412 with the section number
415 insures that there is enough room
416 to print the section head
417 plus the beginning of a paragraph
418 (about 3 lines total).
424 the section number is set to that number
425 rather than incremented automatically.
431 that number is not reset.
434 is a single underscore
437 then the section depth and numbering is reset,
438 but the base indent is not reset
439 and nothing is printed out.
440 This is useful to automatically
441 coordinate section numbers with
451 but do not print the number
453 and do not increment the section number
457 of starting a new paragraph
464 Unnumbered section heading.
468 with the same rules for spacing,
478 Print section heading.
480 to get fancier headings.
482 is the title passed on the
488 is the section number for this section,
491 is the depth of this section.
492 These parameters are not always present;
497 passes only the first,
503 Care should be taken if this macro
505 it is quite complex and subtle.
512 This macro is called automatically
515 It is normally undefined,
519 into the table of contents
520 or for some similar function.
523 for the section title which was just printed,
525 is the section number,
528 is the section depth.
534 Traps called just before printing that depth section.
537 give variable spacing
539 These macros are called from
541 so if you redefine that macro
542 you may lose this feature.
543 .sh 1 "Headers and Footers"
544 .ds TP \fI\(aal\|\(aam\^\(aar\^\(aa\fP
547 are put at the top and bottom
556 Each of the definitions
562 if there are two blanks adjacent
563 anywhere in the title
564 or more than eight blanks total.
567 of headers and footers
568 are controlled by three number registers.
571 is the distance from the top of the page
572 to the top of the header,
575 is the distance from the bottom of the page
576 to the bottom of the footer,
579 is the distance from the top of the page
580 to the top of the text,
584 is the distance from the bottom of the page
585 to the bottom of the text
593 are also supplied for compatibility
595 \s-1ROFF\s0 documents.
600 Define three-part header,
601 to be printed on the top
608 to be printed at the bottom
615 to be printed at the top of every
622 to be printed at the top of every
629 to be printed at the bottom
630 of every even-numbered page.
636 to be printed at the bottom
637 of every odd-numbered page.
641 Suppress headers and footers
647 Set the space between the top of the page
654 Set the space between the header
655 and the first line of text
662 between the bottom of the text
671 and the bottom of the page
677 but do not begin the next page.
678 Useful for forcing out footnotes,
680 that hardly every used.
681 Must be followed by a
695 loses the function of the
704 as well as the chapter-style title feature
717 A normally undefined macro
719 at the top of each page
722 initial saved floating keeps,
725 this macro is called immediately before
728 It can be used for column headings
732 All displays except centered blocks
734 are preceded and followed
740 Quote spacing is stored in a separate register;
741 centered blocks have no default initial or trailing space.
742 The vertical spacing of all displays except quotes
744 is stored in register
754 Lists are single spaced,
760 the list will be filled.
767 the list is indented by
772 the list is indented to the left margin;
775 the list is left justified with respect to the text
778 only if the base indent
786 the list is centered on a line-by-line basis.
787 The list is set in font
792 This macro is almost like
794 except that no attempt is made
795 to keep the display on one page.
804 These are single spaced,
806 moved in from the text
811 preceded and followed
817 and are set in point size
819 [one point smaller than surrounding text].
832 where the text of a keep
833 is kept together on one page
836 for tables and figures
837 which should not be broken
839 If the block will not fit
843 that would leave more than
847 at the bottom of the text.
850 is zero, the threshold feature
852 Blocks are not filled
857 when they are filled.
858 The block will be left-justified
877 and left justified to the margin
878 (not to the base indent)
883 The block is set in font
898 except that the keep is
900 to the bottom of the page
901 or the top of the next page.
903 its position relative to the text changes.
904 The floating keep is preceded and followed
919 Begin centered block.
921 is centered as a block,
922 rather than on a line-by-line basis
925 This call may be nested
936 Everything in the next keep
941 similar to footnotes.
947 The delayed text number register
949 and the associated string
958 Everything diverted via
960 is printed and truncated.
962 at the end of each chapter.
967 The text of the footnote
968 is floated to the bottom
988 from the right margin.
989 Footnotes line up underneath
991 If the text of the footnote
992 will not all fit on one page
993 it will be carried over
1002 and the associated string
1005 if they have been referenced.
1009 The macro to output the footnote separator.
1010 This macro may be redefined
1011 to give other size lines or other types
1014 it draws a 1.5i line.
1020 Index entries are saved in the index
1024 until called up with
1026 Each entry is preceded
1036 this register tells how far the page number
1037 extends into the right margin.
1045 is finished with a row of dots
1049 right justified on the last line
1050 (such as for an author's name),
1060 can be used to print the current page number.
1075 The index is formatted in the font, size, and so forth
1076 in effect at the time it is printed,
1077 rather than at the time it is collected.
1078 .sh 1 "Columned Output"
1084 Enter two-column mode.
1085 The column separation is set to
1087 [4n, 0.5i in ACM mode]
1091 calculated to fill the single column line length
1098 You can test register
1101 to see if you are in single column
1102 or double column mode.
1111 Revert to single-column mode.
1118 except that it begins a new column
1121 rather than forcing a whole new page
1122 if there is another column left
1123 on the current page.
1124 .sh 1 "Fonts and Sizes"
1129 The pointsize is set to
1132 and the line spacing is set proportionally.
1133 The line spacing as a percentage of the pointsize expressed in units
1136 The percentage used internally
1137 by displays and annotations
1140 (although this is not used by
1144 sticky beyond many macros:
1147 (paragraph pointsize)
1148 modifies the pointsize every time a new paragraph is begun
1159 (footnote pointsize),
1163 (section header pointsize),
1167 may modify the pointsize.
1178 in the previous font.
1179 To append different font requests,
1185 change to roman font.
1196 in the previous font.
1198 change to italic font.
1209 in the previous font.
1211 switch to bold font.
1221 This is a true underlining,
1227 (usually italics in \*S).
1231 is spread or broken (including hyphenated).
1233 it is safe in nofill mode only.
1274 is spread or broken (including hyphenated).
1276 it is safe in nofill mode only.
1284 in a smaller pointsize,
1288 .sh 1 "Roff Support"
1304 contiguous white space,
1305 on the next page if not enough room
1327 Set page number in Arabic.
1333 Number lines in margin from one
1347 Leave the next output page blank,
1348 except for headers and footers.
1349 This is used to leave space
1350 for a full-page diagram
1351 which is produced externally
1352 and pasted in later.
1353 To get a partial-page paste-in display,
1359 is the amount of space
1361 this space will be output immediately
1363 and will otherwise be output
1364 at the top of the next page.
1368 is greater than the amount of available space
1370 no space will ever be output.
1371 .sh 1 "Preprocessor Support"
1378 The equation is centered
1391 and left justified if
1396 is a title printed on the right margin
1397 next to the equation.
1399 .i "Typesetting Mathematics \- User's Guide"
1400 by Brian W. Kernighan
1401 and Lorinda L. Cherry.
1411 the equation must be continued
1412 by immediately following
1417 along with this one.
1419 the equation is printed,
1431 Tables are single spaced
1432 and kept on one page
1434 If you have a large table
1435 which will not fit on one page,
1440 and follow the header part
1441 (to be printed on every page of the table)
1445 .i "Tbl \- A Program to Format Tables"
1452 ends the header portion of the table.
1457 Note that this table
1460 it is not even guaranteed to stay on one page
1461 if you use requests such as
1463 intermixed with the text
1465 If you want it to float
1466 (or if you use requests
1468 surround the entire table
1490 both in basic units.
1512 picture (alternate form).
1526 to center, left, or right justify the
1528 Default is centering the image.
1540 picture (alternate form).
1541 .sh 1 "Miscellaneous"
1545 Reset tabs every 0.5i.
1559 come out indented by this amount.
1560 Titles and footnotes
1570 and sets the base indent to
1578 Set the line length to
1584 because it only affects the current environment.
1589 Set line length in all environments
1593 This should not be used
1594 after output has begun,
1595 and particularly not in two-column output.
1596 The current line length is stored in
1601 Draws a horizontal line
1602 the length of the page.
1604 inside floating keeps
1608 .sh 1 "Standard Papers"
1613 Spacing at the top of the page
1615 and headers and footers are suppressed.
1625 This request defines the section of the paper
1626 which we are entering.
1627 The section type is defined by
1630 means that we are entering the chapter portion
1633 means that we are entering the appendix portion
1636 means that the material following
1637 should be the preliminary portion
1638 (abstract, table of contents, etc.)
1639 portion of the paper,
1641 means that we are entering the abstract
1642 (numbered independently from 1
1643 in Arabic numerals),
1646 means that we are entering the bibliographic
1647 portion at the end of the paper.
1653 which specify renumbering of pages
1654 from one at the beginning of each
1655 chapter or appendix,
1657 The section type is available in register
1659 [1]; value 1 is equivalent to type
1663 value 2 represents type
1667 and values 3 to 5 are type
1675 parameter defines the new header.
1676 If there are any spaces in it,
1677 the entire header must be quoted.
1678 If you want the header to have the chapter number
1682 For example, to number appendixes
1686 .b ".++ RA \(aa\(aa\(aa\e\e\e\en(ch.%\(aa" .
1688 (chapter, appendix, etc.)
1689 should be preceded by the
1692 It should be mentioned
1693 that it is easier when using
1694 \*T to put the front material
1695 at the end of the paper,
1696 so that the table of contents
1697 can be collected and put out;
1698 this material can then be physically
1699 moved to the beginning of the paper.
1704 Begin chapter with title
1709 This register is incremented
1712 is called with a parameter.
1713 The title and chapter number
1716 The header is moved to the footer
1724 this is useful for doing your own
1726 at the beginning of papers
1727 without a title page proper.
1731 as a hook so that chapter titles can be inserted
1732 into a table of contents automatically.
1733 The footnote numbering is reset to one.
1738 Print chapter number
1743 This macro can be redefined to your liking.
1744 It is defined by default
1750 which can be defined to make index entries,
1758 This macro is called by
1760 It is normally undefined,
1761 but can be used to automatically insert
1774 is the chapter or appendix number,
1777 is the chapter or appendix title.
1778 .sh 1 "Predefined Strings"
1782 Footnote number, actually
1786 This macro is incremented
1792 Delayed text number.
1800 This string gives upward movement
1801 and a change to a smaller point size.
1802 Extra space is left above the line
1803 to allow room for the superscript.
1811 to produce a superscript
1823 Extra space is left below the line
1824 to allow for the subscript.
1833 The day of the week,
1845 The date is of the form February 15, 2003.
1846 Other forms of the date can be used
1849 (the day of the month;
1856 but as an ordinal number;
1857 for example, February is 2),
1862 (the last two digits of the current year).
1877 .sh 1 "Special Characters and Marks"
1879 There are a number of special characters
1880 and diacritical marks
1882 available through \-me.
1886 Acute accent \e*\(aa a\e*\(aa a\*'
1887 Grave accent \e*\(ga e\e*\(ga e\*`
1888 Umlaut \e*: u\e*: u\*:
1889 Tilde \e*~ n\e*~ n\*~
1890 Caret \e*^ e\e*^ e\*^
1891 Cedilla \e*, c\e*, c\*,
1892 Czech \e*v e\e*v e\*v
1893 Circle \e*o A\e*o A\*o
1894 There exists \e*(qe \*(qe
1895 For all \e*(qa \*(qa
1900 I would like to thank
1904 for having the courage
1905 to use the \-me macros
1906 to produce non-trivial papers
1907 during the development stages;
1911 for their help with the documentation phase;
1913 for numerous complaints,
1914 most accompanied by fixes;
1915 and the plethora of people who have contributed ideas
1916 and have given support for the project.
1920 This alphabetical list summarizes all macros, strings, and number registers
1921 available in the \-me macros.
1924 commands, registers, and functions are included as well;
1925 those listed can generally be used with impunity.
1927 The columns are the name of the
1928 command, macro, register, or string;
1929 the type of the object,
1930 and the description.
1933 for macro or builtin command
1938 in the first input column),
1946 for a number register
1956 (invoked by preceding it with a single backslash).
1958 Lines marked with \(sc are
1961 Lines marked with \(dg or \(dd
1962 may be defined by the user to get special functions;
1963 \(dd indicates that these are defined by default
1964 and changing them may have unexpected side effects.
1965 Lines marked with \(de
1972 .ta \w'\e(space)\(sc\ 'u +\w'TYPE 'u
1973 NAME TYPE DESCRIPTION
1978 \e(space) F\(sc unpaddable space
1979 \e" F\(sc comment (to end of line)
1980 \e*# S optional delayed text tag string
1981 \e$\fI\&N\fP F\(sc interpolate argument \fI\&N\fP
1982 \en($0 R section depth
1983 \&.$0 M\(dg invoked after section title printed
1984 \en($1 R first section number
1985 \&.$1 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 1 section
1986 \en($2 R second section number
1987 \&.$2 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 2 section
1988 \en($3 R third section number
1989 \&.$3 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 3 section
1990 \en($4 R fourth section number
1991 \&.$4 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 4 section
1992 \en($5 R fifth section number
1993 \&.$5 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 5 section
1994 \en($6 R sixth section number
1995 \&.$6 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 6 section
1996 \&.$C M\(dg called at beginning of chapter
1997 \&.$H M\(dg text header
1998 \en($V R\(dd relative vertical spacing in displays
1999 \en($c R current column number
2000 \&.$c M\(dd print chapter title
2001 \en($d R delayed text number
2002 \en($f R footnote number
2003 \&.$f M\(dd print footer
2004 \&.$h M\(dd print header
2005 \en($i R paragraph base indent
2006 \en($l R column width
2007 \en($m R number of columns in effect
2008 \e*($n S section name
2009 \en($p R numbered paragraph number
2010 \&.$p M\(dd print section heading (internal macro)
2011 \en($s R column indent
2012 \&.$s M\(dd footnote separator (from text)
2013 \en($v R\(dd relative vertical spacing in text
2014 \en% R\(sc current page number
2015 \e& F\(sc zero width character, useful for hiding controls
2016 \e(\fI\&xx\fP F\(sc interpolate special character \fI\&xx\fP
2018 \&.(c M begin centered block
2019 \&.(d M begin delayed text
2020 \&.(f M begin footnote
2023 \&.(x M begin index entry
2024 \&.(z M begin floating keep
2026 \&.)c M end centered block
2027 \&.)d M end delayed text
2028 \&.)f M end footnote
2031 \&.)x M end index entry
2032 \&.)z M end floating keep
2033 \e*\fI\&x\fP F\(sc interpolate string \fI\&x\fP
2034 \e*(\fI\&xx\fP F\(sc interpolate string \fI\&xx\fP
2035 \e** S optional footnote tag string
2036 \&.++ M set paper section type
2037 \&.+c M begin chapter
2039 \e\- F\(sc minus sign
2041 \e0 F\(sc unpaddable digit-width space
2042 \&.1c M revert to single column output
2043 \&.2c M begin two column output
2045 \e*< S begin subscript
2046 \e*> S end subscript
2047 \&.EN M end equation
2048 \&.EQ M begin equation
2049 \eL\'\fI\&d\fP\' F\(sc vertical line drawing function for distance \fI\&d\fP
2050 \&.GE M\(de end \fIgremlin\fP picture
2051 \&.GF M\(de end \fIgremlin\fP picture (with flyback)
2052 \&.GS M\(de start \fIgremlin\fP picture
2053 \&.IE M\(de end \fIideal\fP picture
2054 \&.IF M\(de end \fIideal\fP picture (with flyback)
2055 \&.IS M\(de start \fIideal\fP picture
2056 \&.PE M\(de end \fIpic\fP picture
2057 \&.PF M\(de end \fIpic\fP picture (with flyback)
2058 \&.PS M\(de start \fIpic\fP picture
2060 \&.TH M end header of table
2062 \e*{ S begin superscript
2063 \en(\&.$ R\(sc number of arguments to macro
2064 \en(\&.i R\(sc current indent
2065 \en(\&.l R\(sc current line length
2066 \en(\&.s R\(sc current point size
2067 \e*(\&\' S acute accent
2068 \e*(\&\` S grave accent
2069 \e(\' F\(sc acute accent
2070 \e(\` F\(sc grave accent
2071 \e*} S end superscript
2072 \e^ F\(sc 1/12 em narrow space
2074 \&.ad M\(sc set text adjustment
2075 \&.af M\(sc assign format to register
2076 \&.am M\(sc append to macro
2077 \&.ar M set page numbers in Arabic
2078 \&.as M\(sc append to string
2080 \&.ba M set base indent
2081 \&.bc M begin new column
2083 \en(bi R display (block) indent
2084 \&.bl M blank lines (even at top of page)
2085 \en(bm R bottom title margin
2086 \&.bp M\(sc begin page
2087 \&.br M\(sc break (start new line)
2088 \en(bs R display (block) pre/post spacing
2089 \en(bt R block keep threshold
2091 \ec F\(sc continue input
2092 \&.ce M\(sc center lines
2093 \en(ch R current chapter number
2094 \&.de M\(sc define macro
2095 \en(df R display font
2096 \&.ds M\(sc define string
2097 \en(dw R\(sc current day of week
2098 \e*(dw S current day of week
2099 \en(dy R\(sc day of month
2100 \ee F\(sc printable version of \e
2101 \&.ef M set footer (even numbered pages only)
2102 \&.eh M set header (even numbered pages only)
2103 \&.el M\(sc else part of conditional
2105 \en(es R equation pre/post space
2106 \ef\fI\&f\fP F\(sc inline font change to font \fI\&f\fP
2107 \ef(\fI\&ff\fP F\(sc inline font change to font \fI\&ff\fP
2108 \&.fc M\(sc set field characters
2109 \en(ff R footnote font
2110 \&.fi M\(sc fill output lines
2111 \en(fi R footnote indent (first line only)
2112 \en(fm R footer margin
2114 \en(fp R footnote pointsize
2115 \en(fs R footnote prespace
2116 \en(fu R footnote undent (from right margin)
2117 \eh\'\fI\&d\fP\' F\(sc local horizontal motion for distance \fI\&d\fP
2118 \&.hc M\(sc set hyphenation character
2120 \&.hl M draw horizontal line
2121 \en(hm R header margin
2122 \&.hx M suppress headers and footers on next page
2123 \&.hy M\(sc set hyphenation mode
2125 \&.ie M\(sc conditional with else
2126 \&.if M\(sc conditional
2127 \en(ii R indented paragraph indent
2128 \&.in M\(sc indent (transient, use .ba for pervasive)
2129 \&.ip M begin indented paragraph
2130 \&.ix M indent, no break
2131 \el\'\fI\&d\fP\' F\(sc horizontal line drawing function for distance \fI\&d\fP
2132 \&.lc M\(sc set leader repetition character
2133 \&.ll M set line length
2134 \&.lp M begin left justified paragraph
2135 \e*(lq S left quote marks
2136 \&.ls M\(sc set multi-line spacing
2137 \&.m1 M set space from top of page to header
2138 \&.m2 M set space from header to text
2139 \&.m3 M set space from text to footer
2140 \&.m4 M set space from footer to bottom of page
2141 \&.mc M\(sc insert margin character
2142 \&.mk M\(sc mark vertical position
2143 \en(mo R\(sc month of year
2144 \e*(mo S current month
2145 \en\fI\&x\fP F\(sc interpolate number register \fI\&x\fP
2146 \en(\fI\&xx\fP F\(sc interpolate number register \fI\&xx\fP
2147 \&.n1 M number lines in margin
2148 \&.n2 M number lines in margin
2149 \&.na M\(sc turn off text adjustment
2150 \&.ne M\(sc need vertical space
2151 \&.nf M\(sc don't fill output lines
2152 \&.nh M\(sc turn off hyphenation
2153 \&.np M begin numbered paragraph
2154 \&.nr M\(sc set number register
2155 \&.ns M\(sc no space mode
2156 \e*o S circle (e.g., for Norse A\*o)
2157 \&.of M set footer (odd numbered pages only)
2158 \&.oh M set header (odd numbered pages only)
2160 \&.pd M print delayed text
2161 \en(pf R paragraph font
2162 \en(pi R paragraph indent
2163 \&.pl M\(sc set page length
2164 \&.pn M\(sc set next page number
2165 \&.po M\(sc page offset
2166 \en(po R simulated page offset
2167 \&.pp M begin paragraph
2168 \en(pp R paragraph pointsize
2169 \en(ps R paragraph prespace
2172 \e*(qe S there exists
2173 \en(qi R quote indent (also shortens line)
2174 \en(qp R quote pointsize
2175 \en(qs R quote pre/post space
2177 \&.rb M real bold font
2179 \&.rm M\(sc remove macro or string
2180 \&.rn M\(sc rename macro or string
2181 \&.ro M set page numbers in roman
2182 \e*(rq S right quote marks
2183 \&.rr M\(sc remove register
2184 \&.rs M\(sc restore spacing
2185 \&.rt M\(sc return to vertical position
2186 \es\fI\&S\fP F\(sc inline size change to size \fI\&S\fP
2187 \en(sf R section title font
2188 \&.sh M begin numbered section
2189 \en(si R relative base indent per section depth
2190 \&.sk M skip next page
2191 \&.sm M set argument in a smaller pointsize
2192 \&.so M\(sc source input file
2193 \en(so R additional section title offset
2194 \&.sp M\(sc vertical space
2195 \en(sp R section title pointsize
2196 \en(ss R section prespace
2197 \&.sx M change section depth
2198 \&.sz M set pointsize and vertical spacing
2199 \&.ta M\(sc set tab stops
2200 \&.tc M\(sc set tab repetition character
2201 \e*(td S today's date
2203 \&.ti M\(sc temporary indent (next line only)
2204 \&.tl M\(sc three part title
2205 \en(tm R top title margin
2206 \&.tp M begin title page
2207 \en(tp R title pointsize
2208 \&.tr M\(sc translate
2210 \&.uh M unnumbered section
2211 \&.ul M\(sc underline next line
2212 \ev\'\fI\&d\fP\' F\(sc local vertical motion for distance \fI\&d\fP
2213 \e*v S inverted `v' for czeck ``e\*v''
2214 \ew\'\fI\&S\fP\' F\(sc return width of string \fI\&S\fP
2215 \&.xl M set line length (local)
2217 \en(xs R index entry prespace
2218 \en(xu R index undent (from right margin)
2219 \en(y2 R year (last two digits only)
2220 \en(y4 R year (all digits)
2221 \en(yr R\(sc year minus 1900
2222 \en(zs R floating keep pre/post space
2223 \e{ F\(sc begin conditional group
2224 \e| F\(sc 1/6 em narrow space
2225 \e} F\(sc end conditional group
2227 \en(_M R section type (as set with .++ macro)