1 .TH GROFF_CHAR @MAN7EXT@ "@MDATE@" "Groff Version @VERSION@"
3 groff_char \- groff glyph names
5 .\" The lines above were designed to satisfy `apropos'.
7 .\" For best results, format this document with `groff' (GNU roff).
10 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
12 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
17 This file is part of groff (GNU roff).
19 File position: <groff_src_top>/man/groff_char.man
20 Last update: 23 Sep 2006
22 Copyright (C) 1989-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007
23 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
24 written by Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
25 with additions by Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de>
27 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
28 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
29 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
30 Invariant Sections being this .ig-section and AUTHOR, with no
31 Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
33 A copy of the Free Documentation License is included as a file called
34 FDL in the main directory of the groff source package.
37 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
39 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
41 .do nr groff_char_C \n[.C]
45 .if \n(.g .mso www.tmac
52 .if !\n(.g .if '\(aq'' .ds aq \'
59 . \" This is very special. The standard devdvi fonts don't have a
60 . \" real `aq' glyph; it is defined with .char to be ' instead.
61 . \" The .tr request below in the definition of the C macro maps
62 . \" the apostrophe ' onto the `aq' glyph which would cause a
63 . \" recursive loop. gtroff prevents this within the .char
64 . \" request, trying to access glyph `aq' directly from the font.
65 . \" Consequently, we get a warning, and nothing is printed.
67 . \" The following line prevents this.
71 . \" The same is true for X
74 . if '\*[dev]'X' .ds aq \'
78 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
79 .\" .Ac accented-char accent char (groff)
88 \h'(u;-\w'\\$2'-\w'\\$3'/2+\\\\n[skw]+(\w'x'*0)-\\\\n[skw])'\
89 \v'(u;\w'x'*0+\\\\n[rst]+(\w'\\$3'*0)-\\\\n[rst])'\
91 \v'(u;\w'x'*0-\\\\n[rst]+(\w'\\$3'*0)+\\\\n[rst])'\
100 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
102 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
106 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
111 . C \e[\\$1] "" \[\\$1] \\$2 "\\$3" "\\$4"
114 .\" .Ns (groff) start .CN block
118 . CN "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4"
120 . wh (\\n[nl]u + \\n[.t]u - \\n[.V]u) Fo
123 .\" .Ne (groff) end .CN block
128 . CN "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4"
137 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
142 . C \e(\\$1 "" \\(\\$1 \\$2 "\\$3" "\\$4"
145 .\" .2s (non-groff) start .C2 block
149 . C2 "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4"
151 . wh \\n(nlu+\\n(.tu-\\n(.Vu Fo
154 .\" .2e (non-groff) end .C2 block
159 . C2 "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4"
162 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
167 . C \[char\\$1] \\$1 \[char\\$1] \\$2 "\\$3" "\\$4" 1
170 .\" .Ds (groff) start .CD block
174 . CD "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4"
176 . wh (\\n[nl]u + \\n[.t]u - \\n[.V]u) Fo
179 .\" .De (groff) end .CD block
184 . CD "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4"
187 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
189 .do if !r ECFONTS .do fspecial CR R
197 . nr c2 \\n(c1+\w'\\$2'
200 . nr c3 \\n(c2+\w'\\$3'
203 . nr c4 \\n(c3+\w'\\$4'
206 . nr c5 \\n(c4+\w'\\$5'
215 \h'\\n(c1u-\\n(.ku'\\$2\c
216 \h'\\n(c2u-\\n(.ku'\\$3\c
217 \h'\\n(c3u-\\n(.ku'\\$4\c
218 \h'\\n(c4u-\\n(.ku'\\$5\c
219 \h'\\n(c5u-\\n(.ku'\\$6
223 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
224 .\" input-name decimal-code output-name ps-name unicode description is-char
252 . \" The \x values assure that oversized symbols don't
253 . \" overlap vertically. The constant 1.5p is heuristic.
254 . nop \x'(\w'('*0 - ((\\n[.cht]u - \\n[rst]u - 1.5p) >? 0))'\c
255 . nop \x'((\\n[.cdp]u + \\n[rsb]u - 1.5p) >? 0)'\c
256 . nop \h'(\\n[c1]u - \\n[.k]u)'\\*[CH]\c
257 . nop \h'(\\n[c2]u - \\n[.k]u)'\\$2\c
261 . nop \h'(\\n[c1]u - \\n[.k]u)'\\*[CH]\c
263 . nop \h'(\\n[c3]u - \\n[.k]u)'\\$4\c
264 . nop \h'(\\n[c4]u - \\n[.k]u)'\\$5\c
267 . \" we move upwards later on so force a page break now if necessary
268 . if (\\n[dn] >= \\n[.t]) \
274 . \" allow multiple lines for last column
283 . if (\\n[PN] == \\n[%]) \
284 . if (\\n[nl] < \\n[C2]) \
288 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
307 \h'\\n(c1u-\\n(.ku)'\\*(CH\c
308 \h'\\n(c2u-\\n(.ku)'\\$2\c
309 \h'\\n(c3u-\\n(.ku)'\\$4\c
313 \h'\\n(c1u-\\n(.ku)'\\*(CH\c
314 \h'\\n(c3u-\\n(.ku)'\\$4\c
316 \h'\\n(c4u-\\n(.ku)'\\$5\c
317 \h'\\n(c5u-\\n(.ku)'\\$6
320 . \" we move upwards later on so force a page break now if necessary
321 . if \\n(dn>=\\n(.t \
327 . \" allow multiple lines for last column
341 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
355 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
357 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
359 This manual page lists the standard
361 glyph names and the default input mapping, \%latin1.
363 The glyphs in this document look different depending
364 on which output device was chosen (with option
368 program or the roff formatter).
370 Glyphs not available for the device that
371 is being used to print or view this manual page are marked with
372 .ie \n(.g `(N/A)'; the device currently used is `\*(.T'.
377 In the actual version,
379 provides only \%8-bit characters for direct input and named entities
382 On ASCII platforms, input character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal)
383 represent the usual \%7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127
384 and 255 are interpreted as the corresponding characters in the
389 This mapping is contained in the file \f(CWlatin1.tmac\fP
390 and can be changed by loading a different input encoding.
392 Note that some of the input characters are reserved by
394 either for internal use or for special input purposes.
396 On EBCDIC platforms, only code page
398 is supported (which contains the same characters as \%latin1; the
399 input encoding file is called \f(CWcp1047.tmac\fP).
401 Again, some input characters are reserved for internal and special purposes.
403 It is rather straightforward (for the experienced user) to set up other
404 \%8-bit encodings like
408 uses Unicode in the next major version, no additional encodings
413 All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs.
415 In traditional roff systems, only names of length\ 2 were used, while
416 groff also provides support for longer names.
418 It is strongly suggested that only named glyphs are used for all
419 character representations outside of the printable \%7-bit ASCII range.
423 Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length\ 1)
424 also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or
425 are printable versions of syntactical characters.
427 They include `\f(CW\e\e\fP', `\f(CW\e\'\fP', `\f(CW\e`\fP', `\f(CW\e-\fP',
428 `\f(CW\e.\fP', and `\f(CW\ee\fP'; see
429 .BR groff (@MAN7EXT@).
433 In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be
434 tested positively with the `\f(CW.if\ c\fP' conditional.
437 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
439 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
441 In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular
444 The meaning of the columns is as follows.
449 shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although
450 this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it always
451 represents the same glyph.
456 specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the
457 keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
462 applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character, and
463 gives the ISO \%latin1 decimal code of that input character.
465 Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters,
466 including \%7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to\ 127.
471 gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.
475 .I "Unicode decomposed"
476 is the glyph name used in composite glyph names.
480 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
481 .SS "7-bit Character Codes 32-126"
482 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
484 These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned.
486 They are identical to the printable characters of the
487 character standards \%ISO-8859-1 (\%latin1) and Unicode (range
488 .IR "C0 Controls and Basic Latin" ).
490 The glyph names used in composite glyph names are `u0020' up to `u007E'.
494 Note that input characters in the range \%0\-31 and character 127 are
496 printable characters.
498 Most of them are invalid input characters for
500 anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning.
502 For EBCDIC, the printable characters are in the range \%66\-255.
507 Decimal digits 0 to\ 9 (print as themselves).
512 Upper case letters A\-Z (print as themselves).
517 Lower case letters a\-z (print as themselves).
521 Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print as
522 themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:
527 the ISO \%latin1 `Grave Accent' (code\ 96) prints as `, a left single
528 quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with `\f(CW\e`\fP'.
533 the ISO \%latin1 `Apostrophe' (code\ 39) prints as ', a right single
534 quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with `\f(CW\e(aq\fP'.
539 the ISO \%latin1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code\ 45) prints as a hyphen; a
540 minus sign can be obtained with `\f(CW\e-\fP'.
545 the ISO \%latin1 `Tilde' (code\ 126) is reduced in size to be usable as
546 a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with `\f(CW\e(ti\fP'.
551 the ISO \%latin1 `Circumflex Accent' (code\ 94) is reduced in size to be
552 usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with `\f(CW\e(ha\fP'.
556 .CT "\fIOutput" "\fIInput" "\fIInput" "bracketright" "decomposed"
561 . CL "Output" "Input" "Input" "PostScript" "Unicode" "Notes"
562 . CL "" "name" "code" "name" "decomposed" ""
568 .CD 34 quotedbl u0022
569 .CD 35 numbersign u0023
572 .CD 38 ampersand u0026
573 .CD 39 quoteright u0027
574 .CD 40 parenleft u0028
575 .CD 41 parenright u0029
576 .CD 42 asterisk u002A
583 .CD 59 semicolon u003B
587 .CD 63 question u003F
589 .CD 91 bracketleft u005B
590 .CD 92 backslash u005C
591 .CD 93 bracketright u005D
592 .CD 94 circumflex u005E "circumflex accent"
593 .CD 95 underscore u005F
594 .CD 96 quoteleft u0060
595 .CD 123 braceleft u007B
597 .CD 125 braceright u007D
598 .De 126 tilde u007E "tilde accent"
601 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
602 .SS "8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255"
603 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
605 They are interpreted as printable characters according to the
608 code set, being identical to the Unicode range
609 .IR "C1 Controls and Latin1 Supplement" .
613 Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not printable
622 is mapped to `\f(CW\e~\fP', the stretchable space character.
628 the soft hyphen control character.
631 never uses this character for output (thus it is omitted in the
632 table below); the input character\ 173 is mapped onto `\f(CW\e%\fP'.
636 The remaining ranges (\%161\-172, \%174\-255)
637 are printable characters that print as themselves.
639 Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems
640 with a \%latin1 code page, it is better to use their glyph names;
644 .CT "\fIOutput" "\fIInput" "\fIInput" "guillemotright" "decomposed"
646 .Ds 161 exclamdown u00A1 "inverted exclamation mark"
648 .CD 163 sterling u00A3
649 .CD 164 currency u00A4
651 .CD 166 brokenbar u00A6
652 .CD 167 section u00A7
653 .CD 168 dieresis u00A8
654 .CD 169 copyright u00A9
655 .CD 170 ordfeminine u00AA
656 .CD 171 guillemotleft u00AB
657 .CD 172 logicalnot u00AC
658 .CD 174 registered u00AE
661 .CD 177 plusminus u00B1
662 .CD 178 twosuperior u00B2
663 .CD 179 threesuperior u00B3
664 .CD 180 acute u00B4 "acute accent"
665 .CD 181 mu u00B5 "micro sign"
666 .CD 182 paragraph u00B6
667 .CD 183 periodcentered u00B7
668 .CD 184 cedilla u00B8
669 .CD 185 onesuperior u00B9
670 .CD 186 ordmasculine u00BA
671 .CD 187 guillemotright u00BB
672 .CD 188 onequarter u00BC
673 .CD 189 onehalf u00BD
674 .CD 190 threequarters u00BE
675 .CD 191 questiondown u00BF
676 .CD 192 Agrave u0041_0300
677 .CD 193 Aacute u0041_0301
678 .CD 194 Acircumflex u0041_0302
679 .CD 195 Atilde u0041_0303
680 .CD 196 Adieresis u0041_0308
681 .CD 197 Aring u0041_030A
683 .CD 199 Ccedilla u0043_0327
684 .CD 200 Egrave u0045_0300
685 .CD 201 Eacute u0045_0301
686 .CD 202 Ecircumflex u0045_0302
687 .CD 203 Edieresis u0045_0308
688 .CD 204 Igrave u0049_0300
689 .CD 205 Iacute u0049_0301
690 .CD 206 Icircumflex u0049_0302
691 .CD 207 Idieresis u0049_0308
693 .CD 209 Ntilde u004E_0303
694 .CD 210 Ograve u004F_0300
695 .CD 211 Oacute u004F_0301
696 .CD 212 Ocircumflex u004F_0302
697 .CD 213 Otilde u004F_0303
698 .CD 214 Odieresis u004F_0308
699 .CD 215 multiply u00D7
701 .CD 217 Ugrave u0055_0300
702 .CD 218 Uacute u0055_0301
703 .CD 219 Ucircumflex u0055_0302
704 .CD 220 Udieresis u0055_0308
705 .CD 221 Yacute u0059_0301
707 .CD 223 germandbls u00DF
708 .CD 224 agrave u0061_0300
709 .CD 225 aacute u0061_0301
710 .CD 226 acircumflex u0061_0302
711 .CD 227 atilde u0061_0303
712 .CD 228 adieresis u0061_0308
713 .CD 229 aring u0061_030A
715 .CD 231 ccedilla u0063_0327
716 .CD 232 egrave u0065_0300
717 .CD 233 eacute u0065_0301
718 .CD 234 ecircumflex u0065_0302
719 .CD 235 edieresis u0065_0308
720 .CD 236 igrave u0069_0300
721 .CD 237 iacute u0069_0301
722 .CD 238 icircumflex u0069_0302
723 .CD 239 idieresis u0069_0308
725 .CD 241 ntilde u006E_0303
726 .CD 242 ograve u006F_0300
727 .CD 243 oacute u006F_0301
728 .CD 244 ocircumflex u006F_0302
729 .CD 245 otilde u006F_0303
730 .CD 246 odieresis u006F_0308
733 .CD 249 ugrave u0075_0300
734 .CD 250 uacute u0075_0301
735 .CD 251 ucircumflex u0075_0302
736 .CD 252 udieresis u0075_0308
737 .CD 253 yacute u0079_0301
739 .De 255 ydieresis u0079_0308
742 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
744 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
746 Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape
749 .BR groff (@MAN7EXT@)
750 describes how these escape sequences look.
752 Glyph names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the
753 ASCII or \%latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters.
759 A glyph having the name
761 which consists of a single character (length\ 1).
765 A glyph having the 2-character name
769 \f(CW\e[\fP\fIchar_name\fP\f(CW]\fP
770 A glyph having the name
772 (having length 1, 2, 3, .\|.\|.).
775 \f(CW\e[\fP\fIbase_glyph composite_1 composite_2 .\|.\|.\fP\f(CW]\fP
776 A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.
780 In groff, each \%8-bit input character can also referred to by the construct
781 `\f(CW\e[char\fP\fIn\fP\f(CW]\fP' where
783 is the decimal code of the character, a number between 0 and\ 255
784 without leading zeros (those entities are
788 They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the \f(CW.trin\fP request.
790 Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with names directly
791 derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed below.
793 Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the \f(CW.char\fP request; see
794 .BR groff (@MAN7EXT@).
797 In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this
798 particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff
799 documentation, CSTR\ 54.
802 Entries marked with `***' denote glyphs for mathematical purposes (mainly
803 used for DVI output). Normally, such glyphs have metrics which make them
804 unusable in normal text.
808 .CT "\fIOutput" "\f(CW\e[-D]" "" "Ocircumflex" "u0066_0066_006C"
813 . CL "Output" "Input" "" "PostScript" "Unicode" "Notes"
814 . CL "" "name" "" "name" "decomposed" ""
819 .2s -D Eth u00D0 "uppercase eth"
820 .C2 Sd eth u00F0 "lowercase eth"
821 .C2 TP Thorn u00DE "uppercase thorn"
822 .C2 Tp thorn u00FE "lowercase thorn"
823 .2e ss germandbls u00DF "German sharp s"
826 .I Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs
828 .2s ff ff u0066_0066 "ff ligature +"
829 .C2 fi fi u0066_0069 "fi ligature +"
830 .C2 fl fl u0066_006C "fl ligature +"
831 .C2 Fi ffi u0066_0066_0069 "ffi ligature +"
832 .C2 Fl ffl u0066_0066_006C "ffl ligature +"
833 .C2 /L Lslash u0141 "(Polish)"
834 .C2 /l lslash u0142 "(Polish)"
835 .C2 /O Oslash u00D8 "(Scandinavic)"
836 .C2 /o oslash u00F8 "(Scandinavic)"
841 .C2 IJ IJ u0132 "(Dutch)"
842 .C2 ij ij u0133 "(Dutch)"
843 .C2 .i dotlessi u0131 "(Turkish)"
844 .2e .j dotlessj --- "j without a dot"
847 .I Accented Characters
849 .2s 'A Aacute u0041_0301
850 .C2 'C Cacute u0043_0301
851 .C2 'E Eacute u0045_0301
852 .C2 'I Iacute u0049_0301
853 .C2 'O Oacute u004F_0301
854 .C2 'U Uacute u0055_0301
855 .C2 'Y Yacute u0059_0301
856 .C2 'a aacute u0061_0301
857 .C2 'c cacute u0063_0301
858 .C2 'e eacute u0065_0301
859 .C2 'i iacute u0069_0301
860 .C2 'o oacute u006F_0301
861 .C2 'u uacute u0075_0301
862 .C2 'y yacute u0079_0301
863 .C2 :A Adieresis u0041_0308 "A with umlaut"
864 .C2 :E Edieresis u0045_0308
865 .C2 :I Idieresis u0049_0308
866 .C2 :O Odieresis u004F_0308
867 .C2 :U Udieresis u0055_0308
868 .C2 :Y Ydieresis u0059_0308
869 .C2 :a adieresis u0061_0308
870 .C2 :e edieresis u0065_0308
871 .C2 :i idieresis u0069_0308
872 .C2 :o odieresis u006F_0308
873 .C2 :u udieresis u0075_0308
874 .C2 :y ydieresis u0079_0308
875 .C2 ^A Acircumflex u0041_0302
876 .C2 ^E Ecircumflex u0045_0302
877 .C2 ^I Icircumflex u0049_0302
878 .C2 ^O Ocircumflex u004F_0302
879 .C2 ^U Ucircumflex u0055_0302
880 .C2 ^a acircumflex u0061_0302
881 .C2 ^e ecircumflex u0065_0302
882 .C2 ^i icircumflex u0069_0302
883 .C2 ^o ocircumflex u006F_0302
884 .C2 ^u ucircumflex u0075_0302
885 .C2 `A Agrave u0041_0300
886 .C2 `E Egrave u0045_0300
887 .C2 `I Igrave u0049_0300
888 .C2 `O Ograve u004F_0300
889 .C2 `U Ugrave u0055_0300
890 .C2 `a agrave u0061_0300
891 .C2 `e egrave u0065_0300
892 .C2 `i igrave u0069_0300
893 .C2 `o ograve u006F_0300
894 .C2 `u ugrave u0075_0300
895 .C2 ~A Atilde u0041_0303
896 .C2 ~N Ntilde u004E_0303
897 .C2 ~O Otilde u004F_0303
898 .C2 ~a atilde u0061_0303
899 .C2 ~n ntilde u006E_0303
900 .C2 ~o otilde u006F_0303
901 .C2 vS Scaron u0053_030C
902 .C2 vs scaron u0073_030C
903 .C2 vZ Zcaron u005A_030C
904 .C2 vz zcaron u007A_030C
905 .C2 ,C Ccedilla u0043_0327
906 .C2 ,c ccedilla u0063_0327
907 .C2 oA Aring u0041_030A
908 .2e oa aring u0061_030A
915 request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing glyph names;
916 the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing) ones.
922 .\" we don't use the third column
923 .CT "\fIOutput" "\f(CW\e[-D]" "" "quotesinglebase" "uCCCC (uCCCC)"
925 .2s a" hungarumlaut "u030B (u02DD)" "(Hungarian)"
926 .C2 a- macron "u0304 (u00AF)"
927 .C2 a. dotaccent "u0307 (u02D9)"
928 .C2 a^ circumflex "u0302 (u005E)"
929 .C2 aa acute "u0301 (u00B4)" "+"
930 .C2 ga grave "u0300 (u0060)" "+"
931 .C2 ab breve "u0306 (u02D8)"
932 .C2 ac cedilla "u0327 (u00B8)"
933 .C2 ad dieresis "u0308 (u00A8)" "umlaut"
934 .C2 ah caron "u030C (u02C7)" "h\('a\(vcek"
935 .C2 ao ring "u030A (u02DA)" "circle"
936 .C2 a~ tilde "u0303 (u007E)"
937 .C2 ho ogonek "u0328 (u02DB)" "hook"
938 .C2 ha asciicircum u005E "(spacing)"
939 .2e ti asciitilde u007E "(spacing)"
944 .2s Bq quotedblbase u201E "low double comma quote"
945 .C2 bq quotesinglbase u201A "low single comma quote"
946 .C2 lq quotedblleft u201C
947 .C2 rq quotedblright u201D
948 .C2 oq quoteleft u2018 "single open quote"
949 .C2 cq quoteright u2019 "single closing quote"
950 .C2 aq quotesingle u0027 "apostrophe quote (ASCII 39)"
951 .C2 dq quotedbl u0022 "double quote (ASCII 34)"
952 .C2 Fo guillemotleft u00AB
953 .C2 Fc guillemotright u00BB
954 .C2 fo guilsinglleft u2039
955 .2e fc guilsinglright u203A
960 .2s r! exclamdown u00A1
961 .C2 r? questiondown u00BF
962 .C2 em emdash u2014 "+"
964 .2e hy hyphen u2010 "+"
969 The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs.
971 In classical troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend
972 brackets, braces, and parentheses: `bv'.
974 We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.
977 Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can
978 be piled up with `\f(CW\eb\fP' due to the restrictions of the escape's
981 A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the following
988 \&.\e" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
989 \&.\e" above the baseline.
990 \&.\e" The first argument is placed at the top.
991 \&.\e" The pile is returned in string `pile'
998 \&. nr pile-# \en[.$]
999 \&. while \en[pile-#] \e{\e
1000 \&. nr pile-wd (\en[pile-wd] >? \ew'\e$[\en[pile-#]]')
1001 \&. nr pile-ht +(\en[rst] - \en[rsb])
1002 \&. as pile-args \ev'\en[rsb]u'\e"
1003 \&. as pile-args \eZ'\e$[\en[pile-#]]'\e"
1004 \&. as pile-args \ev'-\en[rst]u'\e"
1008 \&. ds pile \ev'(-0.5m + (\en[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\e"
1009 \&. as pile \e*[pile-args]\e"
1010 \&. as pile \ev'((\en[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\e"
1011 \&. as pile \eh'\en[pile-wd]u'\e"
1019 Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent bracket
1020 pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical symbols also,
1021 for example `lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor' operator.
1023 Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such glyphs.
1025 For this reason, the four glyphs `lf', `rf', `lc', and `rc' are not
1026 unified with similarly looking bracket pieces.
1030 only glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all
1031 devices (provided those glyphs exist).
1034 .CT "\fIOutput" "\f(CW\e[bracketrightex]" "" "bracketrightex" "decomposed"
1036 .2s lB bracketleft u005B
1037 .C2 rB bracketright u005D
1038 .C2 lC braceleft u007B
1039 .C2 rC braceright u007D
1040 .C2 la angleleft u27E8 "left angle bracket"
1041 .C2 ra angleright u27E9 "right angle bracket"
1043 .C2 bv braceex u23AA "vertical extension *** +"
1044 .CN braceex braceex u23AA
1046 .CN bracketlefttp bracketlefttp u23A1
1047 .CN bracketleftbt bracketleftbt u23A3
1048 .CN bracketleftex bracketleftex u23A2
1049 .CN bracketrighttp bracketrighttp u23A4
1050 .CN bracketrightbt bracketrightbt u23A6
1051 .CN bracketrightex bracketrightex u23A5
1053 .C2 lt bracelefttp u23A7 "+"
1054 .CN bracelefttp bracelefttp u23A7
1055 .C2 lk braceleftmid u23A8 "+"
1056 .CN braceleftmid braceleftmid u23A8
1057 .C2 lb braceleftbt u23A9 "+"
1058 .CN braceleftbt braceleftbt u23A9
1059 .CN braceleftex braceleftex u23AA
1060 .C2 rt bracerighttp u23AB "+"
1061 .CN bracerighttp bracerighttp u23AB
1062 .C2 rk bracerightmid u23AC "+"
1063 .CN bracerightmid bracerightmid u23AC
1064 .C2 rb bracerightbt u23AD "+"
1065 .CN bracerightbt bracerightbt u23AD
1066 .CN bracerightex bracerightex u23AA
1068 .CN parenlefttp parenlefttp u239B
1069 .CN parenleftbt parenleftbt u239D
1070 .CN parenleftex parenleftex u239C
1071 .CN parenrighttp parenrighttp u239E
1072 .CN parenrightbt parenrightbt u23A0
1073 .Ne parenrightex parenrightex u239F
1078 .2s <- arrowleft u2190 "+"
1079 .C2 -> arrowright u2192 "+"
1080 .C2 <> arrowboth u2194 "(horizontal)"
1081 .C2 da arrowdown u2193 "+"
1082 .C2 ua arrowup u2191 "+"
1083 .C2 va arrowupdn u2195
1084 .C2 lA arrowdblleft u21D0
1085 .C2 rA arrowdblright u21D2
1086 .C2 hA arrowdblboth u21D4 "(horizontal)"
1087 .C2 dA arrowdbldown u21D3
1088 .C2 uA arrowdblup u21D1
1089 .C2 vA uni21D5 u21D5 "vertical double-headed double arrow"
1090 .2e an arrowhorizex u23AF "horizontal arrow extension"
1095 The font-invariant glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners;
1096 they can be used to build boxes.
1098 Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-derived names of
1099 these three glyphs are just rough approximations.
1102 `rn' also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the
1106 `ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.
1109 .CT "\fIOutput" "\f(CW\e[integral]" "" "propersuperset" "decomposed"
1112 .C2 br SF110000 u2502 "box rule +"
1113 .C2 ul underscore u005F "+"
1114 .C2 rn overline u203E "use `\f(CW\e[radicalex]\fP' for continuation of square root +"
1115 .C2 ru --- --- "baseline rule +"
1116 .C2 bb brokenbar u00A6
1117 .C2 sl slash u002F "+"
1118 .2e rs backslash u005C "reverse solidus"
1123 .2s ci circle u25CB "+"
1124 .C2 bu bullet u2022 "+"
1125 .C2 dd daggerdbl u2021 "double dagger sign +"
1126 .C2 dg dagger u2020 "+"
1127 .C2 lz lozenge u25CA
1128 .C2 sq uni25A1 u25A1 "white square +"
1129 .C2 ps paragraph u00B6
1130 .C2 sc section u00A7 "+"
1131 .C2 lh uni261C u261C "hand pointing left +"
1132 .C2 rh a14 u261E "hand pointing right +"
1134 .C2 sh numbersign u0023
1135 .C2 CR carriagereturn u21B5
1136 .2e OK a19 u2713 "check mark, tick"
1141 .2s co copyright u00A9 "+"
1142 .C2 rg registered u00AE "+"
1143 .C2 tm trademark u2122
1144 .2e bs --- --- "AT&T Bell Labs logo (not used in groff) +"
1150 .C2 ct cent u00A2 "+"
1151 .C2 eu --- u20AC "official Euro symbol"
1152 .C2 Eu Euro u20AC "font-specific Euro glyph variant"
1154 .C2 Po sterling u00A3 "British currency sign"
1155 .C2 Cs currency u00A4 "Scandinavian currency sign"
1156 .2e Fn florin u0192 "Dutch currency sign"
1161 .2s de degree u00B0 "+"
1162 .C2 %0 perthousand u2030 "per thousand, per mille sign"
1163 .C2 fm minute u2032 "footmark, prime +"
1165 .C2 mc mu u00B5 "micro sign"
1166 .C2 Of ordfeminine u00AA
1167 .2e Om ordmasculine u00BA
1172 .2s AN logicaland u2227
1173 .C2 OR logicalor u2228
1174 .C2 no logicalnot u00AC "+"
1175 .CN tno logicalnot u00AC "text variant of `no'"
1176 .C2 te existential u2203 "there exists, existential quantifier"
1177 .C2 fa universal u2200 "for all, universal quantifier"
1178 .C2 st suchthat u220B
1179 .C2 3d therefore u2234
1180 .C2 tf therefore u2234
1182 .2e or bar u007C "bitwise OR operator (as used in C) +"
1185 .I Mathematical Symbols
1187 .2s 12 onehalf u00BD "+"
1188 .C2 14 onequarter u00BC "+"
1189 .C2 34 threequarters u00BE "+"
1190 .C2 18 oneeighth u215B
1191 .C2 38 threeeighths u215C
1192 .C2 58 fiveeighths u215D
1193 .C2 78 seveneighths u215E
1194 .C2 S1 onesuperior u00B9
1195 .C2 S2 twosuperior u00B2
1196 .C2 S3 threesuperior u00B3
1198 .C2 pl plus u002B "plus sign in special font +"
1199 .C2 mi minus u2212 "minus sign in special font +"
1200 .C2 -+ uni2213 u2213
1201 .C2 +- plusminus u00B1 "+"
1202 .CN t+- plusminus u00B1 "text variant of `+\-'"
1203 .C2 pc periodcentered u00B7
1204 .C2 md dotmath u22C5 "multiplication dot"
1205 .C2 mu multiply u00D7 "+"
1206 .CN tmu multiply u00D7 "text variant of `mu'"
1207 .C2 c* circlemultiply u2297 "multiply sign in a circle"
1208 .C2 c+ circleplus u2295 "plus sign in a circle"
1209 .C2 di divide u00F7 "division sign +"
1210 .CN tdi divide u00F7 "text variant of `di'"
1211 .C2 f/ fraction u2044 "bar for fractions"
1212 .C2 ** asteriskmath u2217 "+"
1214 .C2 <= lessequal u2264 "+"
1215 .C2 >= greaterequal u2265 "+"
1216 .C2 << uni226A u226A "much less"
1217 .C2 >> uni226B u226B "much greater"
1218 .C2 eq equal u003D "equals sign in special font +"
1219 .C2 != notequal u003D_0338 "+"
1220 .C2 == equivalence u2261 "+"
1221 .C2 ne uni2262 u2261_0338
1222 .C2 =~ congruent u2245 "approx.\& equal"
1223 .C2 |= uni2243 u2243 "asymptot.\& equal to +"
1224 .C2 ap similar u223C "+"
1225 .C2 ~~ approxequal u2248 "almost equal to"
1226 .C2 ~= approxequal u2248
1227 .C2 pt proportional u221D "+"
1229 .C2 es emptyset u2205 "+"
1230 .C2 mo element u2208 "+"
1231 .C2 nm notelement u2208_0338
1232 .C2 sb propersubset u2282 "+"
1233 .C2 nb notsubset u2282_0338
1234 .C2 sp propersuperset u2283 "+"
1235 .C2 nc uni2285 u2283_0338 "not superset"
1236 .C2 ib reflexsubset u2286 "+"
1237 .C2 ip reflexsuperset u2287 "+"
1238 .C2 ca intersection u2229 "intersection, cap +"
1239 .C2 cu union u222A "union, cup +"
1242 .C2 pp perpendicular u22A5
1243 .C2 is integral u222B "+"
1244 .CN integral integral u222B "***"
1245 .CN sum summation u2211 "***"
1246 .CN product product u220F "***"
1247 .CN coproduct uni2210 u2210 "***"
1248 .C2 gr gradient u2207 "+"
1249 .C2 sr radical u221A "square root +"
1250 .CN sqrt radical u221A "***"
1251 .CN radicalex radicalex --- "continuation of square root"
1252 .CN sqrtex radicalex --- "***"
1254 .C2 lc uni2308 u2308 "left ceiling +"
1255 .C2 rc uni2309 u2309 "right ceiling +"
1256 .C2 lf uni230A u230A "left floor +"
1257 .C2 rf uni230B u230B "right floor +"
1259 .C2 if infinity u221E "+"
1261 .C2 Im Ifraktur u2111 "Gothic I, imaginary"
1262 .C2 Re Rfraktur u211C "Gothic R, real"
1263 .C2 wp weierstrass u2118 "Weierstrass p"
1264 .C2 pd partialdiff u2202 "partial differentiation sign +"
1265 .C2 -h uni210F u210F "Planck constant over two pi"
1266 .2e hbar uni210F u210F
1271 These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; normally,
1272 the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones are
1275 There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Unicode.
1277 Prior to Unicode version\ 3.0, the difference between U+03C6, GREEK
1278 SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly described;
1279 only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a reference.
1281 Starting with Unicode\ 3.0, the reference glyphs have been exchanged and
1282 described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5 is the stroked
1283 variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph.
1285 Unfortunately, most font vendors didn't update their fonts to
1286 this (incompatible) change in Unicode.
1288 At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is not clear yet whether
1289 the Adobe Glyph Names `phi' and `phi1' also change its meaning if used for
1290 mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely to happen \(en being
1291 conservative, groff currently assumes that `phi' in a PostScript symbol
1292 font is the stroked version.
1294 In groff, symbol `\f(CW\e[*f]\fP' always denotes the stroked version of
1295 phi, and `\f(CW\e[+f]\fP' the curly variant.
1297 .2s *A Alpha u0391 "+"
1298 .C2 *B Beta u0392 "+"
1299 .C2 *G Gamma u0393 "+"
1300 .C2 *D Delta u0394 "+"
1301 .C2 *E Epsilon u0395 "+"
1302 .C2 *Z Zeta u0396 "+"
1303 .C2 *Y Eta u0397 "+"
1304 .C2 *H Theta u0398 "+"
1305 .C2 *I Iota u0399 "+"
1306 .C2 *K Kappa u039A "+"
1307 .C2 *L Lambda u039B "+"
1311 .C2 *O Omicron u039F "+"
1313 .C2 *R Rho u03A1 "+"
1314 .C2 *S Sigma u03A3 "+"
1315 .C2 *T Tau u03A4 "+"
1316 .C2 *U Upsilon u03A5 "+"
1317 .C2 *F Phi u03A6 "+"
1318 .C2 *X Chi u03A7 "+"
1319 .C2 *Q Psi u03A8 "+"
1320 .C2 *W Omega u03A9 "+"
1321 .C2 *a alpha u03B1 "+"
1322 .C2 *b beta u03B2 "+"
1323 .C2 *g gamma u03B3 "+"
1324 .C2 *d delta u03B4 "+"
1325 .C2 *e epsilon u03B5 "+"
1326 .C2 *z zeta u03B6 "+"
1327 .C2 *y eta u03B7 "+"
1328 .C2 *h theta u03B8 "+"
1329 .C2 *i iota u03B9 "+"
1330 .C2 *k kappa u03BA "+"
1331 .C2 *l lambda u03BB "+"
1335 .C2 *o omicron u03BF "+"
1337 .C2 *r rho u03C1 "+"
1338 .C2 ts sigma1 u03C2 "terminal sigma +"
1339 .C2 *s sigma u03C3 "+"
1340 .C2 *t tau u03C4 "+"
1341 .C2 *u upsilon u03C5 "+"
1342 .C2 *f phi u03D5 "(stroked glyph)+"
1343 .C2 *x chi u03C7 "+"
1344 .C2 *q psi u03C8 "+"
1345 .C2 *w omega u03C9 "+"
1346 .C2 +h theta1 u03D1 "variant theta"
1347 .C2 +f phi1 u03C6 "variant phi (curly shape)"
1348 .C2 +p omega1 u03D6 "variant pi, looking like omega"
1349 .2e +e uni03F5 u03F5 "variant epsilon"
1354 .2s CL club u2663 "black club suit"
1355 .C2 SP spade u2660 "black spade suit"
1356 .C2 HE heart u2665 "black heart suit"
1357 .C2 u2662 uni2662 u2662 "white heart suit"
1358 .C2 DI diamond u2666 "black diamond suit"
1359 .2e u2661 uni2661 u2661 "white diamond suit"
1362 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
1364 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
1366 Copyright \(co 1989-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
1367 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1370 This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free
1371 Documentation License) version 1.1 or later.
1373 You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also
1374 available on-line at the
1376 . URL http://\:www.gnu.org/\:copyleft/\:fdl.html "GNU copyleft site" .
1377 .el GNU copyleft site <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html>.
1380 This document is part of
1382 the GNU roff distribution.
1386 . MTO jjc@jclark.com "James Clark"
1387 .el James Clark <jjc@jclark.com>
1390 . MTO wl@gnu.org "Werner Lemberg"
1391 .el Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
1394 . MTO bwarken@mayn.de "Bernd Warken" .
1395 .el Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de>.
1398 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
1400 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
1403 .BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
1404 the GNU roff formatter.
1407 .BR groff (@MAN7EXT@)
1408 a short reference of the groff formatting language.
1412 .IR "An extension to the troff character set for Europe" ,
1413 E.G. Keizer, K.J. Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9,
1418 .ie \n(.g .URL http://\:www.unicode.org "The Unicode Standard"
1419 .el The Unicode Standard <http://www.unicode.org>
1421 .cp \n[groff_char_C]
1423 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
1425 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
1426 .\" Local Variables: