2 \# NASM revision history in nasmdoc format
5 \H{cl-2.xx} NASM 2 Series
7 The NASM 2 series supports x86-64, and is the production version of NASM
10 \S{cl-2.12.03} Version 2.12.03
12 \b Add new warnings for certain dangerous constructs which never ought
13 to have been allowed. In particular, the \c{RESB} family of
14 instructions should have been taking a critical expression all
17 \b Fix the EVEX (AVX-512) versions of the \c{VPBROADCAST}, \c{VPEXTR},
18 and \c{VPINSR} instructions.
20 \b Support contracted forms of additional instructions. As a general
21 rule, if an instruction has a non-destructive source immediately
22 after a destination register that isn't used as an input, NASM
23 supports omitting that source register, using the destination
24 register as that value. This among other things makes it easier to
25 convert SSE code to the equivalent AVX code:
27 \c addps xmm1,xmm0 ; SSE instruction
28 \c vaddps ymm1,ymm1,ymm0 ; AVX official long form
29 \c vaddps ymm1,ymm0 ; AVX contracted form
31 \b Fix Codeview malformed compiler version record.
33 \b Add the \c{CLWB} and \c{PCOMMIT} instructions. Note that the
34 \c{PCOMMIT} instruction has been deprecated and will never be
35 included in a shipping product; it is included for completeness
38 \b Add the \c{%pragma} preprocessor directive for forward
39 compatibility with future versions of NASM. At this time no pragmas
40 are implemented and this is merely a dummy directive.
42 \b Add the \c{RDPID} instruction.
44 \S{cl-2.12.02} Version 2.12.02
46 \b Fix preprocessor errors, especially \c{%error} and \c{%warning},
47 inside \c{%if} statements.
49 \b Fix relative relocations in 32-bit Mach-O.
51 \b More Codeview debug format fixes.
53 \b If the MASM \c{PTR} keyword is encountered, issue a warning. This is
54 much more likely to indicate a MASM-ism encountered in NASM than it
55 is a valid label. This warning can be suppressed with \c{-w-ptr},
56 the \c{[warning]} directive (see \k{opt-w}) or by the macro
57 definition \c{%idefine ptr %??}.
59 \b When an error or a warning comes from the expansion of a multi-line
60 macro, display the file and line numbers for the expanded macros.
61 Macros defined with \c{.nolist} do not get displayed.
63 \b Add macros \c{ilog2fw()} and \c{ilog2cw()} to the \c{ifunc} macro
64 package. See \k{ilog2}.
67 \S{cl-2.12.01} Version 2.12.01
69 \b Portability fixes for some platforms.
71 \b Fix error when not specifying a list file.
73 \b Correct the handling of macro-local labels in the Codeview
76 \b Add \c{CLZERO}, \c{MONITORX} and \c{MWAITX} instructions.
79 \S{cl-2.12} Version 2.12
81 \b Major fixes to the \c{macho} backend (\k{machofmt}); earlier versions
82 would produce invalid symbols and relocations on a regular basis.
84 \b Support for thread-local storage in Mach-O.
86 \b Support for arbitrary sections in Mach-O.
88 \b Fix wrong negative size treated as a big positive value passed into
89 backend causing NASM to crash.
91 \b Fix handling of zero-extending unsigned relocations, we have been printing
92 wrong message and forgot to assign segment with predefined value before
93 passing it into output format.
95 \b Fix potential write of oversized (with size greater than allowed in
96 output format) relative relocations.
98 \b Portability fixes for building NASM with LLVM compiler.
100 \b Add support of Codeview version 8 (\c{cv8}) debug format for
101 \c{win32} and \c{win64} formats in the \c{COFF} backend,
104 \b Allow 64-bit outputs in 16/32-bit only backends. Unsigned 64-bit
105 relocations are zero-extended from 32-bits with a warning
106 (suppressible via \c{-w-zext-reloc}); signed 64-bit relocations are
109 \b Line numbers in list files now correspond to the lines in the source
110 files, instead of simply being sequential.
112 \b There is now an official 64-bit (x64 a.k.a. x86-64) build for Windows.
115 \S{cl-2.11.09} Version 2.11.09
117 \b Fix potential stack overwrite in \c{macho32} backend.
119 \b Fix relocation records in \c{macho64} backend.
121 \b Fix symbol lookup computation in \c{macho64} backend.
123 \b Adjust \c{.symtab} and \c{.rela.text} sections alignments to 8 bytes
126 \b Fix section length computation in \c{bin} backend which leaded in incorrect
129 \S{cl-2.11.08} Version 2.11.08
131 \b Fix section length computation in \c{bin} backend which leaded in incorrect
134 \b Add a warning for numeric preprocessor definitions passed via command
135 line which might have unexpected results otherwise.
137 \b Add ability to specify a module name record in \c{rdoff} linker with
140 \b Increase label length capacity up to 256 bytes in \c{rdoff} backend for
141 FreePascal sake, which tends to generate very long labels for procedures.
143 \b Fix segmentation failure when rip addressing is used in \c{macho64} backend.
145 \b Fix access on out of memory when handling strings with a single
146 grave. We have sixed similar problem in previous release but not
147 all cases were covered.
149 \b Fix NULL dereference in disassembled on \c{BND} instruction.
151 \S{cl-2.11.07} Version 2.11.07
153 \b Fix 256 bit \c{VMOVNTPS} instruction.
155 \b Fix \c{-MD} option handling, which was rather broken in previous
156 release changing command line api.
158 \b Fix access to unitialized space when handling strings with
161 \b Fix nil dereference in handling memory reference parsing.
163 \S{cl-2.11.06} Version 2.11.06
165 \b Update AVX512 instructions based on the Extension Reference (319433-021 Sept
168 \b Fix the behavior of \c{-MF} and \c{-MD} options (Bugzilla 3392280)
170 \b Updated Win32 Makefile to fix issue with build
172 \S{cl-2.11.05} Version 2.11.05
174 \b Add \c{--v} as an alias for \c{-v} (see \k{opt-v}), for
175 command-line compatibility with Yasm.
177 \b Fix a bug introduced in 2.11.03 whereby certain instructions would
178 contain multiple REX prefixes, and thus be corrupt.
180 \S{cl-2.11.04} Version 2.11.04
182 \b Removed an invalid error checking code. Sometimes a memref only with
183 a displacement can also set an evex flag. For example:
185 \c vmovdqu32 [0xabcd]{k1}, zmm0
187 \b Fixed a bug in disassembler that EVEX.L'L vector length was not matched
188 when EVEX.b was set because it was simply considered as EVEC.RC.
189 Separated EVEX.L'L case from EVEX.RC which is ignored in matching.
191 \S{cl-2.11.03} Version 2.11.03
193 \b Fix a bug there REX prefixes were missing on instructions inside a
196 \S{cl-2.11.02} Version 2.11.02
198 \b Add the \c{XSAVEC}, \c{XSAVES} and \c{XRSTORS} family instructions.
200 \b Add the \c{CLFLUSHOPT} instruction.
202 \S{cl-2.11.01} Version 2.11.01
204 \b Allow instructions which implicitly uses \c{XMM0} (\c{VBLENDVPD},
205 \c{VBLENDVPS}, \c{PBLENDVB} and \c{SHA256RNDS2}) to be specified
206 without an explicit \c{xmm0} on the assembly line. In other words,
207 the following two lines produce the same output:
209 \c vblendvpd xmm2,xmm1,xmm0 ; Last operand is fixed xmm0
210 \c vblendvpd xmm2,xmm1 ; Implicit xmm0 omitted
212 \b In the ELF backends, don't crash the assembler if \c{section align}
213 is specified without a value.
215 \S{cl-2.11} Version 2.11
217 \b Add support for the Intel AVX-512 instruction set:
219 \b 16 new, 512-bit SIMD registers. Total 32 \c{(ZMM0 ~ ZMM31)}
221 \b 8 new opmask registers \c{(K0 ~ K7)}. One of 7 registers \c{(K1 ~ K7)} can
222 be used as an opmask for conditional execution.
224 \b A new EVEX encoding prefix. EVEX is based on VEX and provides more
225 capabilities: opmasks, broadcasting, embedded rounding and compressed
229 \c VDIVPD zmm0{k1}{z}, zmm1, zmm3 ; conditional vector operation
230 \c ; using opmask k1.
231 \c ; {z} is for zero-masking
233 \c VDIVPS zmm4, zmm5, [rbx]{1to16} ; load single-precision float and
234 \c ; replicate it 16 times. 32 * 16 = 512
235 \c - embedded rounding
236 \c VCVTSI2SD xmm6, xmm7, {rz-sae}, rax ; round toward zero. note that it
237 \c ; is used as if a separate operand.
238 \c ; it comes after the last SIMD operand
240 \b Add support for \c{ZWORD} (512 bits), \c{DZ} and \c{RESZ}.
242 \b Add support for the MPX and SHA instruction sets.
244 \b Better handling of section redefinition.
246 \b Generate manpages when running \c{'make dist'}.
248 \b Handle all token chains in mmacro params range.
250 \b Support split [base,index] effective address:
252 \c mov eax,[eax+8,ecx*4] ; eax=base, ecx=index, 4=scale, 8=disp
254 This is expected to be most useful for the MPX instructions.
256 \b Support \c{BND} prefix for branch instructions (for MPX).
258 \b The \c{DEFAULT} directive can now take \c{BND} and \c{NOBND}
259 options to indicate whether all relevant branches should be getting
260 \c{BND} prefixes. This is expected to be the normal for use in MPX
263 \b Add \c{{evex}}, \c{{vex3}} and \c{{vex2}} instruction prefixes to
264 have NASM encode the corresponding instruction, if possible, with an EVEX,
265 3-byte VEX, or 2-byte VEX prefix, respectively.
267 \b Support for section names longer than 8 bytes in Win32/Win64 COFF.
269 \b The \c{NOSPLIT} directive by itself no longer forces a single
270 register to become an index register, unless it has an explicit
273 \c mov eax,[nosplit eax] ; eax as base register
274 \c mov eax,[nosplit eax*1] ; eax as index register
276 \S{cl-2.10.09} Version 2.10.09
278 \b Pregenerate man pages.
280 \S{cl-2.10.08} Version 2.10.08
282 \b Fix \c{VMOVNTDQA}, \c{MOVNTDQA} and \c{MOVLPD} instructions.
284 \b Fix collision for \c{VGATHERQPS}, \c{VPGATHERQD} instructions.
286 \b Fix \c{VPMOVSXBQ}, \c{VGATHERQPD}, \c{VSPLLW} instructions.
288 \b Add a bunch of AMD TBM instructions.
290 \b Fix potential stack overwrite in numbers conversion.
292 \b Allow byte size in \c{PREFETCHTx} instructions.
294 \b Make manual pages up to date.
296 \b Make \c{F3} and \c{F2} SSE prefixes to override \c{66}.
298 \b Support of AMD SVM instructions in 32 bit mode.
300 \b Fix near offsets code generation for \c{JMP}, \c{CALL} instrictions
303 \b Fix preprocessor parse regression when id is expanding to a whitespace.
305 \S{cl-2.10.07} Version 2.10.07
307 \b Fix line continuation parsing being broken in previous version.
309 \S{cl-2.10.06} Version 2.10.06
311 \b Always quote the dependency source names when using the automatic
312 dependency generation options.
314 \b If no dependency target name is specified via the \c{-MT} or
315 \c{-MQ} options, quote the default output name.
317 \b Fix assembly of shift operations in \c{CPU 8086} mode.
319 \b Fix incorrect generation of explicit immediate byte for shift by 1
320 under certain circumstances.
322 \b Fix assembly of the \c{VPCMPGTQ} instruction.
324 \b Fix RIP-relative relocations in the \c{macho64} backend.
326 \S{cl-2.10.05} Version 2.10.05
328 \b Add the \c{CLAC} and \c{STAC} instructions.
330 \S{cl-2.10.04} Version 2.10.04
332 \b Add back the inadvertently deleted 256-bit version of the \c{VORPD}
335 \b Correct disassembly of instructions starting with byte \c{82} hex.
337 \b Fix corner cases in token pasting, for example:
339 \c %define N 1e%++%+ 5
342 \S{cl-2.10.03} Version 2.10.03
344 \b Correct the assembly of the instruction:
346 \c XRELEASE MOV [absolute],AL
348 Previous versions would incorrectly generate \c{F3 A2} for this
349 instruction and issue a warning; correct behavior is to emit \c{F3 88
352 \S{cl-2.10.02} Version 2.10.02
354 \b Add the \c{ifunc} macro package with integer functions, currently
355 only integer logarithms. See \k{pkg_ifunc}.
357 \b Add the \c{RDSEED}, \c{ADCX} and \c{ADOX} instructions.
359 \S{cl-2.10.01} Version 2.10.01
361 \b Add missing VPMOVMSKB instruction with reg32, ymmreg operands.
363 \S{cl-2.10} Version 2.10
365 \b When optimization is enabled, \c{mov r64,imm} now optimizes to the
366 shortest form possible between:
368 \c mov r32,imm32 ; 5 bytes
369 \c mov r64,imm32 ; 7 bytes
370 \c mov r64,imm64 ; 10 bytes
372 To force a specific form, use the \c{STRICT} keyword, see \k{strict}.
374 \b Add support for the Intel AVX2 instruction set.
376 \b Add support for Bit Manipulation Instructions 1 and 2.
378 \b Add support for Intel Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX).
380 \b Add support for x32 ELF (32-bit ELF with the CPU in 64-bit mode.)
383 \b Add support for bigendian UTF-16 and UTF-32. See \k{unicode}.
385 \S{cl-2.09.10} Version 2.09.10
387 \b Fix up NSIS script to protect uninstaller against registry keys
388 absence or corruption. It brings in a few additional questions
389 to a user during deinstallation procedure but still it is better
390 than unpredictable file removal.
392 \S{cl-2.09.09} Version 2.09.09
394 \b Fix initialization of section attributes of \c{bin} output format.
396 \b Fix \c{mach64} output format bug that crashes NASM due to NULL symbols.
399 \S{cl-2.09.08} Version 2.09.08
401 \b Fix \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__} assignment when output driver alias
402 is used. For example when \c{-f elf} is used \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__}
403 must be set to \c{elf}, if \c{-f elf32} is used \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__}
404 must be assigned accordingly, i.e. to \c{elf32}. The rule applies to
405 all output driver aliases. See \k{ofmtm}.
408 \S{cl-2.09.07} Version 2.09.07
410 \b Fix attempts to close same file several times
411 when \c{-a} option is used.
413 \b Fixes for VEXTRACTF128, VMASKMOVPS encoding.
416 \S{cl-2.09.06} Version 2.09.06
418 \b Fix missed section attribute initialization in \c{bin} output target.
421 \S{cl-2.09.05} Version 2.09.05
423 \b Fix arguments encoding for VPEXTRW instruction.
425 \b Remove invalid form of VPEXTRW instruction.
427 \b Add \c{VLDDQU} as alias for \c{VLDQQU} to
431 \S{cl-2.09.04} Version 2.09.04
433 \b Fix incorrect labels offset for VEX intructions.
435 \b Eliminate bogus warning on implicit operand size override.
437 \b \c{%if} term could not handle 64 bit numbers.
439 \b The COFF backend was limiting relocations number to 16 bits even if
440 in real there were a way more relocations.
443 \S{cl-2.09.03} Version 2.09.03
445 \b Print \c{%macro} name inside \c{%rep} blocks on error.
447 \b Fix preprocessor expansion behaviour. It happened sometime
448 too early and sometime simply wrong. Move behaviour back to
449 the origins (down to NASM 2.05.01).
451 \b Fix unitialized data dereference on OMF output format.
453 \b Issue warning on unterminated \c{%{} construct.
455 \b Fix for documentation typo.
458 \S{cl-2.09.02} Version 2.09.02
460 \b Fix reversed tokens when \c{%deftok} produces more than one output token.
462 \b Fix segmentation fault on disassembling some VEX instructions.
464 \b Missing \c{%endif} did not always cause error.
466 \b Fix typo in documentation.
468 \b Compound context local preprocessor single line macro identifiers
469 were not expanded early enough and as result lead to unresolved
473 \S{cl-2.09.01} Version 2.09.01
475 \b Fix NULL dereference on missed %deftok second parameter.
477 \b Fix NULL dereference on invalid %substr parameters.
480 \S{cl-2.09} Version 2.09
482 \b Fixed assignment the magnitude of \c{%rep} counter. It is limited
485 \b Fixed NULL dereference if argument of \c{%strlen} resolves
486 to whitespace. For example if nonexistent macro parameter is used.
488 \b \c{%ifenv}, \c{%elifenv}, \c{%ifnenv}, and \c{%elifnenv} directives
489 introduced. See \k{ifenv}.
491 \b Fixed NULL dereference if environment variable is missed.
493 \b Updates of new AVX v7 Intel instructions.
495 \b \c{PUSH imm32} is now officially documented.
497 \b Fix for encoding the LFS, LGS and LSS in 64-bit mode.
499 \b Fixes for compatibility with OpenWatcom compiler and DOS 8.3 file
502 \b Macros parameters range expansion introduced. See \k{mlmacrange}.
504 \b Backward compatibility on expanging of local sigle macros restored.
506 \b 8 bit relocations for \c{elf} and \c{bin} output formats are introduced.
508 \b Short intersegment jumps are permitted now.
510 \b An alignment more than 64 bytes are allowed for \c{win32},
511 \c{win64} output formats.
513 \b \c{SECTALIGN} directive introduced. See \k{sectalign}.
515 \b \c{nojmp} option introduced in \c{smartalign} package. See
518 \b Short aliases \c{win}, \c{elf} and \c{macho} for output formats are
519 introduced. Each stands for \c{win32}, \c{elf32} and \c{macho32}
522 \b Faster handling of missing directives implemented.
524 \b Various small improvements in documentation.
526 \b No hang anymore if unable to open malloc.log file.
528 \b The environments without vsnprintf function are able to build nasm again.
530 \b AMD LWP instructions updated.
532 \b Tighten EA checks. We warn a user if there overflow in EA addressing.
534 \b Make \c{-Ox} the default optimization level. For the legacy
535 behavior, specify \c{-O0} explicitly. See \k{opt-O}.
537 \b Environment variables read with \c{%!} or tested with \c{%ifenv}
538 can now contain non-identifier characters if surrounded by quotes.
541 \b Add a new standard macro package \c{%use fp} for floating-point
542 convenience macros. See \k{pkg_fp}.
545 \S{cl-2.08.02} Version 2.08.02
547 \b Fix crash under certain circumstances when using the \c{%+} operator.
550 \S{cl-2.08.01} Version 2.08.01
552 \b Fix the \c{%use} statement, which was broken in 2.08.
555 \S{cl-2.08} Version 2.08
557 \b A number of enhancements/fixes in macros area.
559 \b Support for converting strings to tokens. See \k{deftok}.
561 \b Fuzzy operand size logic introduced.
563 \b Fix COFF stack overrun on too long export identifiers.
565 \b Fix Macho-O alignment bug.
567 \b Fix crashes with -fwin32 on file with many exports.
569 \b Fix stack overrun for too long [DEBUG id].
571 \b Fix incorrect sbyte usage in IMUL (hit only if optimization
574 \b Append ending token for \c{.stabs} records in the ELF output format.
576 \b New NSIS script which uses ModernUI and MultiUser approach.
578 \b Visual Studio 2008 NASM integration (rules file).
580 \b Warn a user if a constant is too long (and as result will be stripped).
582 \b The obsoleted pre-XOP AMD SSE5 instruction set which was never actualized
585 \b Fix stack overrun on too long error file name passed from the command line.
587 \b Bind symbols to the .text section by default (ie in case if SECTION
588 directive was omitted) in the ELF output format.
590 \b Fix sync points array index wrapping.
592 \b A few fixes for FMA4 and XOP instruction templates.
594 \b Add AMD Lightweight Profiling (LWP) instructions.
596 \b Fix the offset for \c{%arg} in 64-bit mode.
598 \b An undefined local macro (\c{%$}) no longer matches a global macro
601 \b Fix NULL dereference on too long local labels.
604 \S{cl-2.07} Version 2.07
606 \b NASM is now under the 2-clause BSD license. See \k{legal}.
608 \b Fix the section type for the \c{.strtab} section in the \c{elf64}
611 \b Fix the handling of \c{COMMON} directives in the \c{obj} output format.
613 \b New \c{ith} and \c{srec} output formats; these are variants of the
614 \c{bin} output format which output Intel hex and Motorola S-records,
615 respectively. See \k{ithfmt} and \k{srecfmt}.
617 \b \c{rdf2ihx} replaced with an enhanced \c{rdf2bin}, which can output
618 binary, COM, Intel hex or Motorola S-records.
620 \b The Windows installer now puts the NASM directory first in the
621 \c{PATH} of the "NASM Shell".
623 \b Revert the early expansion behavior of \c{%+} to pre-2.06 behavior:
624 \c{%+} is only expanded late.
626 \b Yet another Mach-O alignment fix.
628 \b Don't delete the list file on errors. Also, include error and
629 warning information in the list file.
631 \b Support for 64-bit Mach-O output, see \k{machofmt}.
633 \b Fix assert failure on certain operations that involve strings with
637 \S{cl-2.06} Version 2.06
639 \b This release is dedicated to the memory of Charles A. Crayne, long
640 time NASM developer as well as moderator of \c{comp.lang.asm.x86} and
641 author of the book \e{Serious Assembler}. We miss you, Chuck.
643 \b Support for indirect macro expansion (\c{%[...]}). See \k{indmacro}.
645 \b \c{%pop} can now take an argument, see \k{pushpop}.
647 \b The argument to \c{%use} is no longer macro-expanded. Use
648 \c{%[...]} if macro expansion is desired.
650 \b Support for thread-local storage in ELF32 and ELF64. See \k{elftls}.
652 \b Fix crash on \c{%ifmacro} without an argument.
654 \b Correct the arguments to the \c{POPCNT} instruction.
656 \b Fix section alignment in the Mach-O format.
658 \b Update AVX support to version 5 of the Intel specification.
660 \b Fix the handling of accesses to context-local macros from higher
661 levels in the context stack.
663 \b Treat \c{WAIT} as a prefix rather than as an instruction, thereby
664 allowing constructs like \c{O16 FSAVE} to work correctly.
666 \b Support for structures with a non-zero base offset. See \k{struc}.
668 \b Correctly handle preprocessor token concatenation (see \k{concat})
669 involving floating-point numbers.
671 \b The \c{PINSR} series of instructions have been corrected and
674 \b Removed AMD SSE5, replaced with the new XOP/FMA4/CVT16 (rev 3.03)
677 \b The ELF backends no longer automatically generate a \c{.comment} section.
679 \b Add additional "well-known" ELF sections with default attributes. See
683 \S{cl-2.05.01} Version 2.05.01
685 \b Fix the \c{-w}/\c{-W} option parsing, which was broken in NASM 2.05.
688 \S{cl-2.05} Version 2.05
690 \b Fix redundant REX.W prefix on \c{JMP reg64}.
692 \b Make the behaviour of \c{-O0} match NASM 0.98 legacy behavior.
695 \b \c{-w-user} can be used to suppress the output of \c{%warning} directives.
698 \b Fix bug where \c{ALIGN} would issue a full alignment datum instead of
701 \b Fix offsets in list files.
703 \b Fix \c{%include} inside multi-line macros or loops.
705 \b Fix error where NASM would generate a spurious warning on valid
706 optimizations of immediate values.
708 \b Fix arguments to a number of the \c{CVT} SSE instructions.
710 \b Fix RIP-relative offsets when the instruction carries an immediate.
712 \b Massive overhaul of the ELF64 backend for spec compliance.
714 \b Fix the Geode \c{PFRCPV} and \c{PFRSQRTV} instruction.
716 \b Fix the SSE 4.2 \c{CRC32} instruction.
719 \S{cl-2.04} Version 2.04
721 \b Sanitize macro handing in the \c{%error} directive.
723 \b New \c{%warning} directive to issue user-controlled warnings.
725 \b \c{%error} directives are now deferred to the final assembly phase.
727 \b New \c{%fatal} directive to immediately terminate assembly.
729 \b New \c{%strcat} directive to join quoted strings together.
731 \b New \c{%use} macro directive to support standard macro directives. See
734 \b Excess default parameters to \c{%macro} now issues a warning by default.
737 \b Fix \c{%ifn} and \c{%elifn}.
739 \b Fix nested \c{%else} clauses.
741 \b Correct the handling of nested \c{%rep}s.
743 \b New \c{%unmacro} directive to undeclare a multi-line macro.
746 \b Builtin macro \c{__PASS__} which expands to the current assembly pass.
749 \b \c{__utf16__} and \c{__utf32__} operators to generate UTF-16 and UTF-32
750 strings. See \k{unicode}.
752 \b Fix bug in case-insensitive matching when compiled on platforms that
753 don't use the \c{configure} script. Of the official release binaries,
754 that only affected the OS/2 binary.
756 \b Support for x87 packed BCD constants. See \k{bcdconst}.
758 \b Correct the \c{LTR} and \c{SLDT} instructions in 64-bit mode.
760 \b Fix unnecessary REX.W prefix on indirect jumps in 64-bit mode.
762 \b Add AVX versions of the AES instructions (\c{VAES}...).
764 \b Fix the 256-bit FMA instructions.
766 \b Add 256-bit AVX stores per the latest AVX spec.
768 \b VIA XCRYPT instructions can now be written either with or without
769 \c{REP}, apparently different versions of the VIA spec wrote them
772 \b Add missing 64-bit \c{MOVNTI} instruction.
774 \b Fix the operand size of \c{VMREAD} and \c{VMWRITE}.
776 \b Numerous bug fixes, especially to the AES, AVX and VTX instructions.
778 \b The optimizer now always runs until it converges. It also runs even
779 when disabled, but doesn't optimize. This allows most forward references
780 to be resolved properly.
782 \b \c{%push} no longer needs a context identifier; omitting the context
783 identifier results in an anonymous context.
786 \S{cl-2.03.01} Version 2.03.01
788 \b Fix buffer overflow in the listing module.
790 \b Fix the handling of hexadecimal escape codes in `...` strings.
792 \b The Postscript/PDF documentation has been reformatted.
794 \b The \c{-F} option now implies \c{-g}.
797 \S{cl-2.03} Version 2.03
799 \b Add support for Intel AVX, CLMUL and FMA instructions,
800 including YMM registers.
802 \b \c{dy}, \c{resy} and \c{yword} for 32-byte operands.
804 \b Fix some SSE5 instructions.
806 \b Intel \c{INVEPT}, \c{INVVPID} and \c{MOVBE} instructions.
808 \b Fix checking for critical expressions when the optimizer is enabled.
810 \b Support the DWARF debugging format for ELF targets.
812 \b Fix optimizations of signed bytes.
814 \b Fix operation on bigendian machines.
816 \b Fix buffer overflow in the preprocessor.
818 \b \c{SAFESEH} support for Win32, \c{IMAGEREL} for Win64 (SEH).
820 \b \c{%?} and \c{%??} to refer to the name of a macro itself. In particular,
821 \c{%idefine keyword $%?} can be used to make a keyword "disappear".
823 \b New options for dependency generation: \c{-MD}, \c{-MF},
824 \c{-MP}, \c{-MT}, \c{-MQ}.
826 \b New preprocessor directives \c{%pathsearch} and \c{%depend}; INCBIN
827 reimplemented as a macro.
829 \b \c{%include} now resolves macros in a sane manner.
831 \b \c{%substr} can now be used to get other than one-character substrings.
833 \b New type of character/string constants, using backquotes (\c{`...`}),
834 which support C-style escape sequences.
836 \b \c{%defstr} and \c{%idefstr} to stringize macro definitions before
839 \b Fix forward references used in \c{EQU} statements.
842 \S{cl-2.02} Version 2.02
844 \b Additional fixes for MMX operands with explicit \c{qword}, as well as
845 (hopefully) SSE operands with \c{oword}.
847 \b Fix handling of truncated strings with \c{DO}.
849 \b Fix segfaults due to memory overwrites when floating-point constants
852 \b Fix segfaults due to missing include files.
854 \b Fix OpenWatcom Makefiles for DOS and OS/2.
856 \b Add autogenerated instruction list back into the documentation.
858 \b ELF: Fix segfault when generating stabs, and no symbols have been
861 \b ELF: Experimental support for DWARF debugging information.
863 \b New compile date and time standard macros.
865 \b \c{%ifnum} now returns true for negative numbers.
867 \b New \c{%iftoken} test for a single token.
869 \b New \c{%ifempty} test for empty expansion.
871 \b Add support for the \c{XSAVE} instruction group.
873 \b Makefile for Netware/gcc.
875 \b Fix issue with some warnings getting emitted way too many times.
877 \b Autogenerated instruction list added to the documentation.
880 \S{cl-2.01} Version 2.01
882 \b Fix the handling of MMX registers with explicit \c{qword} tags on
883 memory (broken in 2.00 due to 64-bit changes.)
885 \b Fix the PREFETCH instructions.
887 \b Fix the documentation.
889 \b Fix debugging info when using \c{-f elf}
890 (backwards compatibility alias for \c{-f elf32}).
892 \b Man pages for rdoff tools (from the Debian project.)
894 \b ELF: handle large numbers of sections.
896 \b Fix corrupt output when the optimizer runs out of passes.
899 \S{cl-2.00} Version 2.00
901 \b Added c99 data-type compliance.
903 \b Added general x86-64 support.
905 \b Added win64 (x86-64 COFF) output format.
907 \b Added \c{__BITS__} standard macro.
909 \b Renamed the \c{elf} output format to \c{elf32} for clarity.
911 \b Added \c{elf64} and \c{macho} (MacOS X) output formats.
913 \b Added Numeric constants in \c{dq} directive.
915 \b Added \c{oword}, \c{do} and \c{reso} pseudo operands.
917 \b Allow underscores in numbers.
919 \b Added 8-, 16- and 128-bit floating-point formats.
921 \b Added binary, octal and hexadecimal floating-point.
923 \b Correct the generation of floating-point constants.
925 \b Added floating-point option control.
927 \b Added Infinity and NaN floating point support.
929 \b Added ELF Symbol Visibility support.
931 \b Added setting OSABI value in ELF header directive.
933 \b Added Generate Makefile Dependencies option.
935 \b Added Unlimited Optimization Passes option.
937 \b Added \c{%IFN} and \c{%ELIFN} support.
939 \b Added Logical Negation Operator.
941 \b Enhanced Stack Relative Preprocessor Directives.
943 \b Enhanced ELF Debug Formats.
945 \b Enhanced Send Errors to a File option.
947 \b Added SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, SSE5 support.
949 \b Added a large number of additional instructions.
951 \b Significant performance improvements.
953 \b \c{-w+warning} and \c{-w-warning} can now be written as -Wwarning and
954 -Wno-warning, respectively. See \k{opt-w}.
956 \b Add \c{-w+error} to treat warnings as errors. See \k{opt-w}.
958 \b Add \c{-w+all} and \c{-w-all} to enable or disable all suppressible
959 warnings. See \k{opt-w}.
962 \H{cl-0.98.xx} NASM 0.98 Series
964 The 0.98 series was the production versions of NASM from 1999 to 2007.
967 \S{cl-0.98.39} Version 0.98.39
969 \b fix buffer overflow
971 \b fix outas86's \c{.bss} handling
973 \b "make spotless" no longer deletes config.h.in.
975 \b \c{%(el)if(n)idn} insensitivity to string quotes difference (#809300).
977 \b (nasm.c)\c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__} changed to string value instead of symbol.
979 \S{cl-0.98.38} Version 0.98.38
982 \b Add Makefile for 16-bit DOS binaries under OpenWatcom, and modify
983 \c{mkdep.pl} to be able to generate completely pathless dependencies, as
984 required by OpenWatcom wmake (it supports path searches, but not
987 \b Fix the \c{STR} instruction.
989 \b Fix the ELF output format, which was broken under certain
990 circumstances due to the addition of stabs support.
992 \b Quick-fix Borland format debug-info for \c{-f obj}
994 \b Fix for \c{%rep} with no arguments (#560568)
996 \b Fix concatenation of preprocessor function call (#794686)
998 \b Fix long label causes coredump (#677841)
1000 \b Use autoheader as well as autoconf to keep configure from generating
1001 ridiculously long command lines.
1003 \b Make sure that all of the formats which support debugging output
1004 actually will suppress debugging output when \c{-g} not specified.
1006 \S{cl-0.98.37} Version 0.98.37
1009 \b Paths given in \c{-I} switch searched for \c{incbin}-ed as
1010 well as \c{%include}-ed files.
1012 \b Added stabs debugging for the ELF output format, patch from
1015 \b Fix \c{output/outbin.c} to allow origin > 80000000h.
1017 \b Make \c{-U} switch work.
1019 \b Fix the use of relative offsets with explicit prefixes, e.g.
1022 \b Remove \c{backslash()}.
1024 \b Fix the \c{SMSW} and \c{SLDT} instructions.
1026 \b \c{-O2} and \c{-O3} are no longer aliases for \c{-O10} and \c{-O15}.
1027 If you mean the latter, please say so! :)
1029 \S{cl-0.98.36} Version 0.98.36
1032 \b Update rdoff - librarian/archiver - common rec - docs!
1034 \b Fix signed/unsigned problems.
1036 \b Fix \c{JMP FAR label} and \c{CALL FAR label}.
1038 \b Add new multisection support - map files - fix align bug
1040 \b Fix sysexit, movhps/movlps reg,reg bugs in insns.dat
1042 \b \c{Q} or \c{O} suffixes indicate octal
1044 \b Support Prescott new instructions (PNI).
1046 \b Cyrix \c{XSTORE} instruction.
1049 \S{cl-0.98.35} Version 0.98.35
1051 \b Fix build failure on 16-bit DOS (Makefile.bc3 workaround for compiler bug.)
1053 \b Fix dependencies and compiler warnings.
1055 \b Add "const" in a number of places.
1057 \b Add -X option to specify error reporting format (use -Xvc to
1058 integrate with Microsoft Visual Studio.)
1060 \b Minor changes for code legibility.
1062 \b Drop use of tmpnam() in rdoff (security fix.)
1065 \S{cl-0.98.34} Version 0.98.34
1067 \b Correct additional address-size vs. operand-size confusions.
1069 \b Generate dependencies for all Makefiles automatically.
1071 \b Add support for unimplemented (but theoretically available)
1072 registers such as tr0 and cr5. Segment registers 6 and 7 are called
1073 segr6 and segr7 for the operations which they can be represented.
1075 \b Correct some disassembler bugs related to redundant address-size prefixes.
1076 Some work still remains in this area.
1078 \b Correctly generate an error for things like "SEG eax".
1080 \b Add the JMPE instruction, enabled by "CPU IA64".
1082 \b Correct compilation on newer gcc/glibc platforms.
1084 \b Issue an error on things like "jmp far eax".
1087 \S{cl-0.98.33} Version 0.98.33
1089 \b New __NASM_PATCHLEVEL__ and __NASM_VERSION_ID__ standard macros to
1090 round out the version-query macros. version.pl now understands
1091 X.YYplWW or X.YY.ZZplWW as a version number, equivalent to
1092 X.YY.ZZ.WW (or X.YY.0.WW, as appropriate).
1094 \b New keyword "strict" to disable the optimization of specific
1097 \b Fix the handing of size overrides with JMP instructions
1098 (instructions such as "jmp dword foo".)
1100 \b Fix the handling of "ABSOLUTE label", where "label" points into a
1101 relocatable segment.
1103 \b Fix OBJ output format with lots of externs.
1105 \b More documentation updates.
1107 \b Add -Ov option to get verbose information about optimizations.
1109 \b Undo a braindead change which broke \c{%elif} directives.
1111 \b Makefile updates.
1114 \S{cl-0.98.32} Version 0.98.32
1116 \b Fix NASM crashing when \c{%macro} directives were left unterminated.
1118 \b Lots of documentation updates.
1120 \b Complete rewrite of the PostScript/PDF documentation generator.
1122 \b The MS Visual C++ Makefile was updated and corrected.
1124 \b Recognize .rodata as a standard section name in ELF.
1126 \b Fix some obsolete Perl4-isms in Perl scripts.
1128 \b Fix configure.in to work with autoconf 2.5x.
1130 \b Fix a couple of "make cleaner" misses.
1132 \b Make the normal "./configure && make" work with Cygwin.
1135 \S{cl-0.98.31} Version 0.98.31
1137 \b Correctly build in a separate object directory again.
1139 \b Derive all references to the version number from the version file.
1141 \b New standard macros __NASM_SUBMINOR__ and __NASM_VER__ macros.
1143 \b Lots of Makefile updates and bug fixes.
1145 \b New \c{%ifmacro} directive to test for multiline macros.
1147 \b Documentation updates.
1149 \b Fixes for 16-bit OBJ format output.
1151 \b Changed the NASM environment variable to NASMENV.
1154 \S{cl-0.98.30} Version 0.98.30
1156 \b Changed doc files a lot: completely removed old READMExx and
1157 Wishlist files, incorporating all information in CHANGES and TODO.
1159 \b I waited a long time to rename zoutieee.c to (original) outieee.c
1161 \b moved all output modules to output/ subdirectory.
1163 \b Added 'make strip' target to strip debug info from nasm & ndisasm.
1165 \b Added INSTALL file with installation instructions.
1167 \b Added -v option description to nasm man.
1169 \b Added dist makefile target to produce source distributions.
1171 \b 16-bit support for ELF output format (GNU extension, but useful.)
1174 \S{cl-0.98.28} Version 0.98.28
1176 \b Fastcooked this for Debian's Woody release:
1177 Frank applied the INCBIN bug patch to 0.98.25alt and called
1178 it 0.98.28 to not confuse poor little apt-get.
1181 \S{cl-0.98.26} Version 0.98.26
1183 \b Reorganised files even better from 0.98.25alt
1186 \S{cl-0.98.25alt} Version 0.98.25alt
1188 \b Prettified the source tree. Moved files to more reasonable places.
1190 \b Added findleak.pl script to misc/ directory.
1192 \b Attempted to fix doc.
1195 \S{cl-0.98.25} Version 0.98.25
1197 \b Line continuation character \c{\\}.
1199 \b Docs inadvertantly reverted - "dos packaging".
1202 \S{cl-0.98.24p1} Version 0.98.24p1
1204 \b FIXME: Someone, document this please.
1207 \S{cl-0.98.24} Version 0.98.24
1209 \b Documentation - Ndisasm doc added to Nasm.doc.
1212 \S{cl-0.98.23} Version 0.98.23
1214 \b Attempted to remove rdoff version1
1216 \b Lino Mastrodomenico's patches to preproc.c (%$$ bug?).
1219 \S{cl-0.98.22} Version 0.98.22
1221 \b Update rdoff2 - attempt to remove v1.
1224 \S{cl-0.98.21} Version 0.98.21
1226 \b Optimization fixes.
1229 \S{cl-0.98.20} Version 0.98.20
1231 \b Optimization fixes.
1234 \S{cl-0.98.19} Version 0.98.19
1236 \b H. J. Lu's patch back out.
1239 \S{cl-0.98.18} Version 0.98.18
1241 \b Added ".rdata" to "-f win32".
1244 \S{cl-0.98.17} Version 0.98.17
1246 \b H. J. Lu's "bogus elf" patch. (Red Hat problem?)
1249 \S{cl-0.98.16} Version 0.98.16
1251 \b Fix whitespace before "[section ..." bug.
1254 \S{cl-0.98.15} Version 0.98.15
1256 \b Rdoff changes (?).
1258 \b Fix fixes to memory leaks.
1261 \S{cl-0.98.14} Version 0.98.14
1263 \b Fix memory leaks.
1266 \S{cl-0.98.13} Version 0.98.13
1268 \b There was no 0.98.13
1271 \S{cl-0.98.12} Version 0.98.12
1273 \b Update optimization (new function of "-O1")
1275 \b Changes to test/bintest.asm (?).
1278 \S{cl-0.98.11} Version 0.98.11
1280 \b Optimization changes.
1285 \S{cl-0.98.10} Version 0.98.10
1287 \b There was no 0.98.10
1290 \S{cl-0.98.09} Version 0.98.09
1292 \b Add multiple sections support to "-f bin".
1294 \b Changed GLOBAL_TEMP_BASE in outelf.c from 6 to 15.
1296 \b Add "-v" as an alias to the "-r" switch.
1298 \b Remove "#ifdef" from Tasm compatibility options.
1300 \b Remove redundant size-overrides on "mov ds, ex", etc.
1302 \b Fixes to SSE2, other insns.dat (?).
1304 \b Enable uppercase "I" and "P" switches.
1306 \b Case insinsitive "seg" and "wrt".
1308 \b Update install.sh (?).
1310 \b Allocate tokens in blocks.
1312 \b Improve "invalid effective address" messages.
1315 \S{cl-0.98.08} Version 0.98.08
1317 \b Add "\c{%strlen}" and "\c{%substr}" macro operators
1319 \b Fixed broken c16.mac.
1321 \b Unterminated string error reported.
1323 \b Fixed bugs as per 0.98bf
1326 \S{cl-0.98.09b with John Coffman patches released 28-Oct-2001} Version 0.98.09b with John Coffman patches released 28-Oct-2001
1328 Changes from 0.98.07 release to 98.09b as of 28-Oct-2001
1330 \b More closely compatible with 0.98 when -O0 is implied
1331 or specified. Not strictly identical, since backward
1332 branches in range of short offsets are recognized, and signed
1333 byte values with no explicit size specification will be
1334 assembled as a single byte.
1336 \b More forgiving with the PUSH instruction. 0.98 requires
1337 a size to be specified always. 0.98.09b will imply the size
1338 from the current BITS setting (16 or 32).
1340 \b Changed definition of the optimization flag:
1342 -O0 strict two-pass assembly, JMP and Jcc are
1343 handled more like 0.98, except that back-
1344 ward JMPs are short, if possible.
1346 -O1 strict two-pass assembly, but forward
1347 branches are assembled with code guaranteed
1348 to reach; may produce larger code than
1349 -O0, but will produce successful assembly
1350 more often if branch offset sizes are not
1353 -O2 multi-pass optimization, minimize branch
1354 offsets; also will minimize signed immed-
1355 iate bytes, overriding size specification.
1357 -O3 like -O2, but more passes taken, if needed
1360 \S{cl-0.98.07 released 01/28/01} Version 0.98.07 released 01/28/01
1362 \b Added Stepane Denis' SSE2 instructions to a *working*
1363 version of the code - some earlier versions were based on
1364 broken code - sorry 'bout that. version "0.98.07"
1370 \b Cosmetic modifications to nasm.c, nasm.h,
1374 \S{cl-0.98.06f released 01/18/01} Version 0.98.06f released 01/18/01
1377 \b - Add "metalbrain"s jecxz bug fix in insns.dat
1378 - alter nasmdoc.src to match - version "0.98.06f"
1381 \S{cl-0.98.06e released 01/09/01} Version 0.98.06e released 01/09/01
1384 \b Removed the "outforms.h" file - it appears to be
1385 someone's old backup of "outform.h". version "0.98.06e"
1389 \b fbk - finally added the fix for the "multiple %includes bug",
1390 known since 7/27/99 - reported originally (?) and sent to
1391 us by Austin Lunnen - he reports that John Fine had a fix
1392 within the day. Here it is...
1394 \b Nelson Rush resigns from the group. Big thanks to Nelson for
1395 his leadership and enthusiasm in getting these changes
1396 incorporated into Nasm!
1398 \b fbk - [list +], [list -] directives - ineptly implemented, should
1399 be re-written or removed, perhaps.
1401 \b Brian Raiter / fbk - "elfso bug" fix - applied to aoutb format
1402 as well - testing might be desirable...
1406 \b James Seter - -postfix, -prefix command line switches.
1408 \b Yuri Zaporozhets - rdoff utility changes.
1411 \S{cl-0.98p1} Version 0.98p1
1413 \b GAS-like palign (Panos Minos)
1415 \b FIXME: Someone, fill this in with details
1418 \S{cl-0.98bf (bug-fixed)} Version 0.98bf (bug-fixed)
1420 \b Fixed - elf and aoutb bug - shared libraries
1421 - multiple "%include" bug in "-f obj"
1423 - unrecognized option bug in ndisasm
1425 \S{cl-0.98.03 with John Coffman's changes released 27-Jul-2000} Version 0.98.03 with John Coffman's changes released 27-Jul-2000
1427 \b Added signed byte optimizations for the 0x81/0x83 class
1428 of instructions: ADC, ADD, AND, CMP, OR, SBB, SUB, XOR:
1429 when used as 'ADD reg16,imm' or 'ADD reg32,imm.' Also
1430 optimization of signed byte form of 'PUSH imm' and 'IMUL
1431 reg,imm'/'IMUL reg,reg,imm.' No size specification is needed.
1433 \b Added multi-pass JMP and Jcc offset optimization. Offsets
1434 on forward references will preferentially use the short form,
1435 without the need to code a specific size (short or near) for
1436 the branch. Added instructions for 'Jcc label' to use the
1437 form 'Jnotcc $+3/JMP label', in cases where a short offset
1438 is out of bounds. If compiling for a 386 or higher CPU, then
1439 the 386 form of Jcc will be used instead.
1441 This feature is controlled by a new command-line switch: "O",
1442 (upper case letter O). "-O0" reverts the assembler to no
1443 extra optimization passes, "-O1" allows up to 5 extra passes,
1444 and "-O2"(default), allows up to 10 extra optimization passes.
1446 \b Added a new directive: 'cpu XXX', where XXX is any of:
1447 8086, 186, 286, 386, 486, 586, pentium, 686, PPro, P2, P3 or
1448 Katmai. All are case insensitive. All instructions will
1449 be selected only if they apply to the selected cpu or lower.
1450 Corrected a couple of bugs in cpu-dependence in 'insns.dat'.
1452 \b Added to 'standard.mac', the "use16" and "use32" forms of
1453 the "bits 16/32" directive. This is nothing new, just conforms
1454 to a lot of other assemblers. (minor)
1456 \b Changed label allocation from 320/32 (10000 labels @ 200K+)
1457 to 32/37 (1000 labels); makes running under DOS much easier.
1458 Since additional label space is allocated dynamically, this
1459 should have no effect on large programs with lots of labels.
1460 The 37 is a prime, believed to be better for hashing. (minor)
1463 \S{cl-0.98.03} Version 0.98.03
1465 "Integrated patchfile 0.98-0.98.01. I call this version 0.98.03 for
1466 historical reasons: 0.98.02 was trashed." --John Coffman
1467 <johninsd@san.rr.com>, 27-Jul-2000
1469 \b Kendall Bennett's SciTech MGL changes
1471 \b Note that you must define "TASM_COMPAT" at compile-time
1472 to get the Tasm Ideal Mode compatibility.
1474 \b All changes can be compiled in and out using the TASM_COMPAT macros,
1475 and when compiled without TASM_COMPAT defined we get the exact same
1476 binary as the unmodified 0.98 sources.
1478 \b standard.mac, macros.c: Added macros to ignore TASM directives before
1481 \b nasm.h: Added extern declaration for tasm_compatible_mode
1483 \b nasm.c: Added global variable tasm_compatible_mode
1485 \b Added command line switch for TASM compatible mode (-t)
1487 \b Changed version command line to reflect when compiled with TASM additions
1489 \b Added response file processing to allow all arguments on a single
1490 line (response file is @resp rather than -@resp for NASM format).
1492 \b labels.c: Changes islocal() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
1494 \b Added islocalchar() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
1496 \b parser.c: Added support for TASM style memory references (ie: mov
1497 [DWORD eax],10 rather than the NASM style mov DWORD [eax],10).
1499 \b preproc.c: Added new directives, \c{%arg}, \c{%local}, \c{%stacksize} to directives
1502 \b Added support for TASM style directives without a leading % symbol.
1504 \b Integrated a block of changes from Andrew Zabolotny <bit@eltech.ru>:
1506 \b A new keyword \c{%xdefine} and its case-insensitive counterpart \c{%ixdefine}.
1507 They work almost the same way as \c{%define} and \c{%idefine} but expand
1508 the definition immediately, not on the invocation. Something like a cross
1509 between \c{%define} and \c{%assign}. The "x" suffix stands for "eXpand", so
1510 "xdefine" can be deciphered as "expand-and-define". Thus you can do
1516 \c %xdefine %1 dword [esp+ofs]
1517 \c %assign ofs ofs+4
1520 \b Changed the place where the expansion of %$name macros are expanded.
1521 Now they are converted into ..@ctxnum.name form when detokenizing, so
1522 there are no quirks as before when using %$name arguments to macros,
1523 in macros etc. For example:
1532 Now last line will be expanded into "hello" as expected. This also allows
1533 for lots of goodies, a good example are extended "proc" macros included
1536 \b Added a check for "cstk" in smacro_defined() before calling get_ctx() -
1537 this allows for things like:
1542 to work without warnings even in no context.
1544 \b Added a check for "cstk" in %if*ctx and %elif*ctx directives -
1545 this allows to use \c{%ifctx} without excessive warnings. If there is
1546 no active context, \c{%ifctx} goes through "false" branch.
1548 \b Removed "user error: " prefix with \c{%error} directive: it just clobbers the
1549 output and has absolutely no functionality. Besides, this allows to write
1550 macros that does not differ from built-in functions in any way.
1552 \b Added expansion of string that is output by \c{%error} directive. Now you
1555 \c %define hello(x) Hello, x!
1557 \c %define %$name andy
1558 \c %error "hello(%$name)"
1560 Same happened with \c{%include} directive.
1562 \b Now all directives that expect an identifier will try to expand and
1563 concatenate everything without whitespaces in between before usage.
1564 For example, with "unfixed" nasm the commands
1566 \c %define %$abc hello
1567 \c %define __%$abc goodbye
1570 would produce "incorrect" output: last line will expand to
1572 \c hello goodbyehello
1574 Not quite what you expected, eh? :-) The answer is that preprocessor
1575 treats the \c{%define} construct as if it would be
1577 \c %define __ %$abc goodbye
1579 (note the white space between __ and %$abc). After my "fix" it
1580 will "correctly" expand into
1584 as expected. Note that I use quotes around words "correct", "incorrect"
1585 etc because this is rather a feature not a bug; however current behaviour
1586 is more logical (and allows more advanced macro usage :-).
1588 Same change was applied to:
1589 \c{%push},\c{%macro},\c{%imacro},\c{%define},\c{%idefine},\c{%xdefine},\c{%ixdefine},
1590 \c{%assign},\c{%iassign},\c{%undef}
1592 \b A new directive [WARNING {+|-}warning-id] have been added. It works only
1593 if the assembly phase is enabled (i.e. it doesn't work with nasm -e).
1595 \b A new warning type: macro-selfref. By default this warning is disabled;
1596 when enabled NASM warns when a macro self-references itself; for example
1597 the following source:
1599 \c [WARNING macro-selfref]
1610 will produce a warning, but if we remove the first line we won't see it
1611 anymore (which is The Right Thing To Do {tm} IMHO since C preprocessor
1612 eats such constructs without warnings at all).
1614 \b Added a "error" routine to preprocessor which always will set ERR_PASS1
1615 bit in severity_code. This removes annoying repeated errors on first
1616 and second passes from preprocessor.
1618 \b Added the %+ operator in single-line macros for concatenating two
1619 identifiers. Usage example:
1621 \c %define _myfunc _otherfunc
1622 \c %define cextern(x) _ %+ x
1625 After first expansion, third line will become "_myfunc". After this
1626 expansion is performed again so it becomes "_otherunc".
1628 \b Now if preprocessor is in a non-emitting state, no warning or error
1629 will be emitted. Example:
1634 \c put anything you want between these two brackets,
1635 \c even macro-parameter references %1 or local
1636 \c labels %$zz or macro-local labels %%zz - no
1637 \c warning will be emitted.
1640 \b Context-local variables on expansion as a last resort are looked up
1641 in outer contexts. For example, the following piece:
1644 \c %define %$a [esp]
1651 will expand correctly the fourth line to [esp]; if we'll define another
1652 %$a inside the "inner" context, it will take precedence over outer
1653 definition. However, this modification has been applied only to
1654 expand_smacro and not to smacro_define: as a consequence expansion
1655 looks in outer contexts, but \c{%ifdef} won't look in outer contexts.
1657 This behaviour is needed because we don't want nested contexts to
1658 act on already defined local macros. Example:
1660 \c %define %$arg1 [esp+4]
1666 In this example the "if" mmacro enters into the "if" context, so %$arg1
1667 is not valid anymore inside "if". Of course it could be worked around
1668 by using explicitely %$$arg1 but this is ugly IMHO.
1670 \b Fixed memory leak in \c{%undef}. The origline wasn't freed before
1673 \b Fixed trap in preprocessor when line expanded to empty set of tokens.
1674 This happens, for example, in the following case:
1676 \c #define SOMETHING
1680 \S{cl-0.98} Version 0.98
1682 All changes since NASM 0.98p3 have been produced by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>.
1684 \b The documentation comment delimiter is \# not #.
1686 \b Allow EQU definitions to refer to external labels; reported by
1689 \b Re-enable support for RDOFF v1; reported by Pedro Gimeno.
1691 \b Updated License file per OK from Simon and Julian.
1694 \S{cl-0.98p9} Version 0.98p9
1696 \b Update documentation (although the instruction set reference will
1697 have to wait; I don't want to hold up the 0.98 release for it.)
1699 \b Verified that the NASM implementation of the PEXTRW and PMOVMSKB
1700 instructions is correct. The encoding differs from what the Intel
1701 manuals document, but the Pentium III behaviour matches NASM, not
1704 \b Fix handling of implicit sizes in PSHUFW and PINSRW, reported by
1707 \b Resurrect the -s option, which was removed when changing the
1708 diagnostic output to stdout.
1711 \S{cl-0.98p8} Version 0.98p8
1713 \b Fix for "DB" when NASM is running on a bigendian machine.
1715 \b Invoke insns.pl once for each output script, making Makefile.in
1716 legal for "make -j".
1718 \b Improve the Unix configure-based makefiles to make package
1721 \b Included an RPM .spec file for building RPM (RedHat Package Manager)
1722 packages on Linux or Unix systems.
1724 \b Fix Makefile dependency problems.
1726 \b Change src/rdsrc.pl to include sectioning information in info
1727 output; required for install-info to work.
1729 \b Updated the RDOFF distribution to version 2 from Jules; minor
1730 massaging to make it compile in my environment.
1732 \b Split doc files that can be built by anyone with a Perl interpreter off
1733 into a separate archive.
1735 \b "Dress rehearsal" release!
1738 \S{cl-0.98p7} Version 0.98p7
1740 \b Fixed opcodes with a third byte-sized immediate argument to not
1741 complain if given "byte" on the immediate.
1743 \b Allow \c{%undef} to remove single-line macros with arguments. This
1744 matches the behaviour of #undef in the C preprocessor.
1746 \b Allow -d, -u, -i and -p to be specified as -D, -U, -I and -P for
1747 compatibility with most C compilers and preprocessors. This allows
1748 Makefile options to be shared between cc and nasm, for example.
1752 \b Went through the list of Katmai instructions and hopefully fixed the
1753 (rather few) mistakes in it.
1755 \b (Hopefully) fixed a number of disassembler bugs related to ambiguous
1756 instructions (disambiguated by -p) and SSE instructions with REP.
1758 \b Fix for bug reported by Mark Junger: "call dword 0x12345678" should
1759 work and may add an OSP (affected CALL, JMP, Jcc).
1761 \b Fix for environments when "stderr" isn't a compile-time constant.
1764 \S{cl-0.98p6} Version 0.98p6
1767 \b Took officially over coordination of the 0.98 release; so drop
1768 the p3.x notation. Skipped p4 and p5 to avoid confusion with John
1769 Fine's J4 and J5 releases.
1771 \b Update the documentation; however, it still doesn't include
1772 documentation for the various new instructions. I somehow wonder if
1773 it makes sense to have an instruction set reference in the assembler
1774 manual when Intel et al have PDF versions of their manuals online.
1776 \b Recognize "idt" or "centaur" for the -p option to ndisasm.
1778 \b Changed error messages back to stderr where they belong, but add an
1779 -E option to redirect them elsewhere (the DOS shell cannot redirect
1782 \b -M option to generate Makefile dependencies (based on code from Alex
1785 \b \c{%undef} preprocessor directive, and -u option, that undefines a
1788 \b OS/2 Makefile (Mkfiles/Makefile.os2) for Borland under OS/2; from
1791 \b Various minor bugfixes (reported by):
1792 - Dangling \c{%s} in preproc.c (Martin Junker)
1794 \b THERE ARE KNOWN BUGS IN SSE AND THE OTHER KATMAI INSTRUCTIONS. I am
1795 on a trip and didn't bring the Katmai instruction reference, so I
1796 can't work on them right now.
1798 \b Updated the License file per agreement with Simon and Jules to
1799 include a GPL distribution clause.
1802 \S{cl-0.98p3.7} Version 0.98p3.7
1804 \b (Hopefully) fixed the canned Makefiles to include the outrdf2 and
1807 \b Renamed changes.asm to changed.asm.
1810 \S{cl-0.98p3.6} Version 0.98p3.6
1812 \b Fixed a bunch of instructions that were added in 0.98p3.5 which had
1813 memory operands, and the address-size prefix was missing from the
1814 instruction pattern.
1817 \S{cl-0.98p3.5} Version 0.98p3.5
1819 \b Merged in changes from John S. Fine's 0.98-J5 release. John's based
1820 0.98-J5 on my 0.98p3.3 release; this merges the changes.
1822 \b Expanded the instructions flag field to a long so we can fit more
1823 flags; mark SSE (KNI) and AMD or Katmai-specific instructions as
1826 \b Fix the "PRIV" flag on a bunch of instructions, and create new
1827 "PROT" flag for protected-mode-only instructions (orthogonal to if
1828 the instruction is privileged!) and new "SMM" flag for SMM-only
1831 \b Added AMD-only SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions.
1833 \b Make SSE actually work, and add new Katmai MMX instructions.
1835 \b Added a -p (preferred vendor) option to ndisasm so that it can
1836 distinguish e.g. Cyrix opcodes also used in SSE. For example:
1838 \c ndisasm -p cyrix aliased.bin
1839 \c 00000000 670F514310 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x10]
1840 \c 00000005 670F514320 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x20]
1841 \c ndisasm -p intel aliased.bin
1842 \c 00000000 670F514310 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x10]
1843 \c 00000005 670F514320 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x20]
1845 \b Added a bunch of Cyrix-specific instructions.
1848 \S{cl-0.98p3.4} Version 0.98p3.4
1850 \b Made at least an attempt to modify all the additional Makefiles (in
1851 the Mkfiles directory). I can't test it, but this was the best I
1854 \b DOS DJGPP+"Opus Make" Makefile from John S. Fine.
1856 \b changes.asm changes from John S. Fine.
1859 \S{cl-0.98p3.3} Version 0.98p3.3
1861 \b Patch from Conan Brink to allow nesting of \c{%rep} directives.
1863 \b If we're going to allow INT01 as an alias for INT1/ICEBP (one of
1864 Jules 0.98p3 changes), then we should allow INT03 as an alias for INT3
1867 \b Updated changes.asm to include the latest changes.
1869 \b Tried to clean up the <CR>s that had snuck in from a DOS/Windows
1870 environment into my Unix environment, and try to make sure than
1871 DOS/Windows users get them back.
1873 \b We would silently generate broken tools if insns.dat wasn't sorted
1874 properly. Change insns.pl so that the order doesn't matter.
1876 \b Fix bug in insns.pl (introduced by me) which would cause conditional
1877 instructions to have an extra "cc" in disassembly, e.g. "jnz"
1878 disassembled as "jccnz".
1881 \S{cl-0.98p3.2} Version 0.98p3.2
1883 \b Merged in John S. Fine's changes from his 0.98-J4 prerelease; see
1884 http://www.csoft.net/cz/johnfine/
1886 \b Changed previous "spotless" Makefile target (appropriate for distribution)
1887 to "distclean", and added "cleaner" target which is same as "clean"
1888 except deletes files generated by Perl scripts; "spotless" is union.
1890 \b Removed BASIC programs from distribution. Get a Perl interpreter
1891 instead (see below.)
1893 \b Calling this "pre-release 3.2" rather than "p3-hpa2" because of
1894 John's contributions.
1896 \b Actually link in the IEEE output format (zoutieee.c); fix a bunch of
1897 compiler warnings in that file. Note I don't know what IEEE output
1898 is supposed to look like, so these changes were made "blind".
1901 \S{cl-0.98p3-hpa} Version 0.98p3-hpa
1903 \b Merged nasm098p3.zip with nasm-0.97.tar.gz to create a fully
1904 buildable version for Unix systems (Makefile.in updates, etc.)
1906 \b Changed insns.pl to create the instruction tables in nasm.h and
1907 names.c, so that a new instruction can be added by adding it *only*
1910 \b Added the following new instructions: SYSENTER, SYSEXIT, FXSAVE,
1911 FXRSTOR, UD1, UD2 (the latter two are two opcodes that Intel
1912 guarantee will never be used; one of them is documented as UD2 in
1913 Intel documentation, the other one just as "Undefined Opcode" --
1914 calling it UD1 seemed to make sense.)
1916 \b MAX_SYMBOL was defined to be 9, but LOADALL286 and LOADALL386 are 10
1917 characters long. Now MAX_SYMBOL is derived from insns.dat.
1919 \b A note on the BASIC programs included: forget them. insns.bas is
1920 already out of date. Get yourself a Perl interpreter for your
1921 platform of choice at
1922 \W{http://www.cpan.org/ports/index.html}{http://www.cpan.org/ports/index.html}.
1925 \S{cl-0.98p3} Version 0.98 pre-release 3
1927 \b added response file support, improved command line handling, new layout
1930 \b fixed limit checking bug, 'OUT byte nn, reg' bug, and a couple of rdoff
1931 related bugs, updated Wishlist; 0.98 Prerelease 3.
1934 \S{cl-0.98p2} Version 0.98 pre-release 2
1936 \b fixed bug in outcoff.c to do with truncating section names longer
1937 than 8 characters, referencing beyond end of string; 0.98 pre-release 2
1940 \S{cl-0.98p1} Version 0.98 pre-release 1
1942 \b Fixed a bug whereby STRUC didn't work at all in RDF.
1944 \b Fixed a problem with group specification in PUBDEFs in OBJ.
1946 \b Improved ease of adding new output formats. Contribution due to
1949 \b Fixed a bug in relocations in the `bin' format: was showing up when
1950 a relocatable reference crossed an 8192-byte boundary in any output
1953 \b Fixed a bug in local labels: local-label lookups were inconsistent
1954 between passes one and two if an EQU occurred between the definition
1955 of a global label and the subsequent use of a local label local to
1958 \b Fixed a seg-fault in the preprocessor (again) which happened when
1959 you use a blank line as the first line of a multi-line macro
1960 definition and then defined a label on the same line as a call to
1963 \b Fixed a stale-pointer bug in the handling of the NASM environment
1964 variable. Thanks to Thomas McWilliams.
1966 \b ELF had a hard limit on the number of sections which caused
1967 segfaults when transgressed. Fixed.
1969 \b Added ability for ndisasm to read from stdin by using `-' as the
1972 \b ndisasm wasn't outputting the TO keyword. Fixed.
1974 \b Fixed error cascade on bogus expression in \c{%if} - an error in
1975 evaluation was causing the entire \c{%if} to be discarded, thus creating
1976 trouble later when the \c{%else} or \c{%endif} was encountered.
1978 \b Forward reference tracking was instruction-granular not operand-
1979 granular, which was causing 286-specific code to be generated
1980 needlessly on code of the form `shr word [forwardref],1'. Thanks to
1981 Jim Hague for sending a patch.
1983 \b All messages now appear on stdout, as sending them to stderr serves
1984 no useful purpose other than to make redirection difficult.
1986 \b Fixed the problem with EQUs pointing to an external symbol - this
1987 now generates an error message.
1989 \b Allowed multiple size prefixes to an operand, of which only the first
1990 is taken into account.
1992 \b Incorporated John Fine's changes, including fixes of a large number
1993 of preprocessor bugs, some small problems in OBJ, and a reworking of
1994 label handling to define labels before their line is assembled, rather
1997 \b Reformatted a lot of the source code to be more readable. Included
1998 'coding.txt' as a guideline for how to format code for contributors.
2000 \b Stopped nested \c{%reps} causing a panic - they now cause a slightly more
2001 friendly error message instead.
2003 \b Fixed floating point constant problems (patch by Pedro Gimeno)
2005 \b Fixed the return value of insn_size() not being checked for -1, indicating
2008 \b Incorporated 3Dnow! instructions.
2010 \b Fixed the 'mov eax, eax + ebx' bug.
2012 \b Fixed the GLOBAL EQU bug in ELF. Released developers release 3.
2014 \b Incorporated John Fine's command line parsing changes
2016 \b Incorporated David Lindauer's OMF debug support
2018 \b Made changes for LCC 4.0 support (\c{__NASM_CDecl__}, removed register size
2019 specification warning when sizes agree).
2022 \H{cl-0.9x} NASM 0.9 Series
2024 Revisions before 0.98.
2027 \S{cl-0.97} Version 0.97 released December 1997
2029 \b This was entirely a bug-fix release to 0.96, which seems to have got
2032 \b Fixed stupid mistake in OBJ which caused `MOV EAX,<constant>' to
2033 fail. Caused by an error in the `MOV EAX,<segment>' support.
2035 \b ndisasm hung at EOF when compiled with lcc on Linux because lcc on
2036 Linux somehow breaks feof(). ndisasm now does not rely on feof().
2038 \b A heading in the documentation was missing due to a markup error in
2039 the indexing. Fixed.
2041 \b Fixed failure to update all pointers on realloc() within extended-
2042 operand code in parser.c. Was causing wrong behaviour and seg faults
2043 on lines such as `dd 0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,...'
2045 \b Fixed a subtle preprocessor bug whereby invoking one multi-line
2046 macro on the first line of the expansion of another, when the second
2047 had been invoked with a label defined before it, didn't expand the
2050 \b Added internal.doc back in to the distribution archives - it was
2051 missing in 0.96 *blush*
2053 \b Fixed bug causing 0.96 to be unable to assemble its own test files,
2054 specifically objtest.asm. *blush again*
2056 \b Fixed seg-faults and bogus error messages caused by mismatching
2057 \c{%rep} and \c{%endrep} within multi-line macro definitions.
2059 \b Fixed a problem with buffer overrun in OBJ, which was causing
2060 corruption at ends of long PUBDEF records.
2062 \b Separated DOS archives into main-program and documentation to reduce
2066 \S{cl-0.96} Version 0.96 released November 1997
2068 \b Fixed a bug whereby, if `nasm sourcefile' would cause a filename
2069 collision warning and put output into `nasm.out', then `nasm
2070 sourcefile -o outputfile' still gave the warning even though the
2072 Fixed name pollution under Digital UNIX: one of its header files
2073 defined R_SP, which broke the enum in nasm.h.
2075 \b Fixed minor instruction table problems: FUCOM and FUCOMP didn't have
2076 two-operand forms; NDISASM didn't recognise the longer register
2077 forms of PUSH and POP (eg FF F3 for PUSH BX); TEST mem,imm32 was
2078 flagged as undocumented; the 32-bit forms of CMOV had 16-bit operand
2079 size prefixes; `AAD imm' and `AAM imm' are no longer flagged as
2080 undocumented because the Intel Architecture reference documents
2083 \b Fixed a problem with the local-label mechanism, whereby strange
2084 types of symbol (EQUs, auto-defined OBJ segment base symbols)
2085 interfered with the `previous global label' value and screwed up
2088 \b Fixed a bug whereby the stub preprocessor didn't communicate with
2089 the listing file generator, so that the -a and -l options in
2090 conjunction would produce a useless listing file.
2092 \b Merged `os2' object file format back into `obj', after discovering
2093 that `obj' _also_ shouldn't have a link pass separator in a module
2094 containing a non-trivial MODEND. Flat segments are now declared
2095 using the FLAT attribute. `os2' is no longer a valid object format
2098 \b Removed the fixed-size temporary storage in the evaluator. Very very
2099 long expressions (like `mov ax,1+1+1+1+...' for two hundred 1s or
2100 so) should now no longer crash NASM.
2102 \b Fixed a bug involving segfaults on disassembly of MMX instructions,
2103 by changing the meaning of one of the operand-type flags in nasm.h.
2104 This may cause other apparently unrelated MMX problems; it needs to
2105 be tested thoroughly.
2107 \b Fixed some buffer overrun problems with large OBJ output files.
2108 Thanks to DJ Delorie for the bug report and fix.
2110 \b Made preprocess-only mode actually listen to the \c{%line} markers as it
2111 prints them, so that it can report errors more sanely.
2113 \b Re-designed the evaluator to keep more sensible track of expressions
2114 involving forward references: can now cope with previously-nightmare
2121 \b Added the ALIGN and ALIGNB standard macros.
2123 \b Added PIC support in ELF: use of WRT to obtain the four extra
2124 relocation types needed.
2126 \b Added the ability for output file formats to define their own
2127 extensions to the GLOBAL, COMMON and EXTERN directives.
2129 \b Implemented common-variable alignment, and global-symbol type and
2130 size declarations, in ELF.
2132 \b Implemented NEAR and FAR keywords for common variables, plus
2133 far-common element size specification, in OBJ.
2135 \b Added a feature whereby EXTERNs and COMMONs in OBJ can be given a
2136 default WRT specification (either a segment or a group).
2138 \b Transformed the Unix NASM archive into an auto-configuring package.
2140 \b Added a sanity-check for people applying SEG to things which are
2141 already segment bases: this previously went unnoticed by the SEG
2142 processing and caused OBJ-driver panics later.
2144 \b Added the ability, in OBJ format, to deal with `MOV EAX,<segment>'
2145 type references: OBJ doesn't directly support dword-size segment
2146 base fixups, but as long as the low two bytes of the constant term
2147 are zero, a word-size fixup can be generated instead and it will
2150 \b Added the ability to specify sections' alignment requirements in
2151 Win32 object files and pure binary files.
2153 \b Added preprocess-time expression evaluation: the \c{%assign} (and
2154 \c{%iassign}) directive and the bare \c{%if} (and \c{%elif}) conditional. Added
2155 relational operators to the evaluator, for use only in \c{%if}
2156 constructs: the standard relationals = < > <= >= <> (and C-like
2157 synonyms == and !=) plus low-precedence logical operators &&, ^^ and
2160 \b Added a preprocessor repeat construct: \c{%rep} / \c{%exitrep} / \c{%endrep}.
2162 \b Added the __FILE__ and __LINE__ standard macros.
2164 \b Added a sanity check for number constants being greater than
2165 0xFFFFFFFF. The warning can be disabled.
2167 \b Added the %0 token whereby a variadic multi-line macro can tell how
2168 many parameters it's been given in a specific invocation.
2170 \b Added \c{%rotate}, allowing multi-line macro parameters to be cycled.
2172 \b Added the `*' option for the maximum parameter count on multi-line
2173 macros, allowing them to take arbitrarily many parameters.
2175 \b Added the ability for the user-level forms of EXTERN, GLOBAL and
2176 COMMON to take more than one argument.
2178 \b Added the IMPORT and EXPORT directives in OBJ format, to deal with
2181 \b Added some more preprocessor \c{%if} constructs: \c{%ifidn} / \c{%ifidni} (exact
2182 textual identity), and \c{%ifid} / \c{%ifnum} / \c{%ifstr} (token type testing).
2184 \b Added the ability to distinguish SHL AX,1 (the 8086 version) from
2185 SHL AX,BYTE 1 (the 286-and-upwards version whose constant happens to
2188 \b Added NetBSD/FreeBSD/OpenBSD's variant of a.out format, complete
2189 with PIC shared library features.
2191 \b Changed NASM's idiosyncratic handling of FCLEX, FDISI, FENI, FINIT,
2192 FSAVE, FSTCW, FSTENV, and FSTSW to bring it into line with the
2193 otherwise accepted standard. The previous behaviour, though it was a
2194 deliberate feature, was a deliberate feature based on a
2195 misunderstanding. Apologies for the inconvenience.
2197 \b Improved the flexibility of ABSOLUTE: you can now give it an
2198 expression rather than being restricted to a constant, and it can
2199 take relocatable arguments as well.
2201 \b Added the ability for a variable to be declared as EXTERN multiple
2202 times, and the subsequent definitions are just ignored.
2204 \b We now allow instruction prefixes (CS, DS, LOCK, REPZ etc) to be
2205 alone on a line (without a following instruction).
2207 \b Improved sanity checks on whether the arguments to EXTERN, GLOBAL
2208 and COMMON are valid identifiers.
2210 \b Added misc/exebin.mac to allow direct generation of .EXE files by
2211 hacking up an EXE header using DB and DW; also added test/binexe.asm
2212 to demonstrate the use of this. Thanks to Yann Guidon for
2213 contributing the EXE header code.
2215 \b ndisasm forgot to check whether the input file had been successfully
2216 opened. Now it does. Doh!
2218 \b Added the Cyrix extensions to the MMX instruction set.
2220 \b Added a hinting mechanism to allow [EAX+EBX] and [EBX+EAX] to be
2221 assembled differently. This is important since [ESI+EBP] and
2222 [EBP+ESI] have different default base segment registers.
2224 \b Added support for the PharLap OMF extension for 4096-byte segment
2228 \S{cl-0.95 released July 1997} Version 0.95 released July 1997
2230 \b Fixed yet another ELF bug. This one manifested if the user relied on
2231 the default segment, and attempted to define global symbols without
2232 first explicitly declaring the target segment.
2234 \b Added makefiles (for NASM and the RDF tools) to build Win32 console
2235 apps under Symantec C++. Donated by Mark Junker.
2237 \b Added `macros.bas' and `insns.bas', QBasic versions of the Perl
2238 scripts that convert `standard.mac' to `macros.c' and convert
2239 `insns.dat' to `insnsa.c' and `insnsd.c'. Also thanks to Mark
2242 \b Changed the diassembled forms of the conditional instructions so
2243 that JB is now emitted as JC, and other similar changes. Suggested
2244 list by Ulrich Doewich.
2246 \b Added `@' to the list of valid characters to begin an identifier
2249 \b Documentary changes, notably the addition of the `Common Problems'
2250 section in nasm.doc.
2252 \b Fixed a bug relating to 32-bit PC-relative fixups in OBJ.
2254 \b Fixed a bug in perm_copy() in labels.c which was causing exceptions
2255 in cleanup_labels() on some systems.
2257 \b Positivity sanity check in TIMES argument changed from a warning to
2258 an error following a further complaint.
2260 \b Changed the acceptable limits on byte and word operands to allow
2261 things like `~10111001b' to work.
2263 \b Fixed a major problem in the preprocessor which caused seg-faults if
2264 macro definitions contained blank lines or comment-only lines.
2266 \b Fixed inadequate error checking on the commas separating the
2267 arguments to `db', `dw' etc.
2269 \b Fixed a crippling bug in the handling of macros with operand counts
2270 defined with a `+' modifier.
2272 \b Fixed a bug whereby object file formats which stored the input file
2273 name in the output file (such as OBJ and COFF) weren't doing so
2274 correctly when the output file name was specified on the command
2277 \b Removed [INC] and [INCLUDE] support for good, since they were
2280 \b Fixed a bug in OBJ which caused all fixups to be output in 16-bit
2281 (old-format) FIXUPP records, rather than putting the 32-bit ones in
2282 FIXUPP32 (new-format) records.
2284 \b Added, tentatively, OS/2 object file support (as a minor variant on
2287 \b Updates to Fox Cutter's Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2.
2289 \b Removed a spurious second fclose() on the output file.
2291 \b Added the `-s' command line option to redirect all messages which
2292 would go to stderr (errors, help text) to stdout instead.
2294 \b Added the `-w' command line option to selectively suppress some
2295 classes of assembly warning messages.
2297 \b Added the `-p' pre-include and `-d' pre-define command-line options.
2299 \b Added an include file search path: the `-i' command line option.
2301 \b Fixed a silly little preprocessor bug whereby starting a line with a
2302 `%!' environment-variable reference caused an `unknown directive'
2305 \b Added the long-awaited listing file support: the `-l' command line
2308 \b Fixed a problem with OBJ format whereby, in the absence of any
2309 explicit segment definition, non-global symbols declared in the
2310 implicit default segment generated spurious EXTDEF records in the
2313 \b Added the NASM environment variable.
2315 \b From this version forward, Win32 console-mode binaries will be
2316 included in the DOS distribution in addition to the 16-bit binaries.
2317 Added Makefile.vc for this purpose.
2319 \b Added `return 0;' to test/objlink.c to prevent compiler warnings.
2321 \b Added the __NASM_MAJOR__ and __NASM_MINOR__ standard defines.
2323 \b Added an alternative memory-reference syntax in which prefixing an
2324 operand with `&' is equivalent to enclosing it in square brackets,
2325 at the request of Fox Cutter.
2327 \b Errors in pass two now cause the program to return a non-zero error
2328 code, which they didn't before.
2330 \b Fixed the single-line macro cycle detection, which didn't work at
2331 all on macros with no parameters (caused an infinite loop). Also
2332 changed the behaviour of single-line macro cycle detection to work
2333 like cpp, so that macros like `extrn' as given in the documentation
2336 \b Fixed the implementation of WRT, which was too restrictive in that
2337 you couldn't do `mov ax,[di+abc wrt dgroup]' because (di+abc) wasn't
2338 a relocatable reference.
2341 \S{cl-0.94 released April 1997} Version 0.94 released April 1997
2344 \b Major item: added the macro processor.
2346 \b Added undocumented instructions SMI, IBTS, XBTS and LOADALL286. Also
2347 reorganised CMPXCHG instruction into early-486 and Pentium forms.
2348 Thanks to Thobias Jones for the information.
2350 \b Fixed two more stupid bugs in ELF, which were causing `ld' to
2351 continue to seg-fault in a lot of non-trivial cases.
2353 \b Fixed a seg-fault in the label manager.
2355 \b Stopped FBLD and FBSTP from _requiring_ the TWORD keyword, which is
2356 the only option for BCD loads/stores in any case.
2358 \b Ensured FLDCW, FSTCW and FSTSW can cope with the WORD keyword, if
2359 anyone bothers to provide it. Previously they complained unless no
2360 keyword at all was present.
2362 \b Some forms of FDIV/FDIVR and FSUB/FSUBR were still inverted: a
2363 vestige of a bug that I thought had been fixed in 0.92. This was
2364 fixed, hopefully for good this time...
2366 \b Another minor phase error (insofar as a phase error can _ever_ be
2367 minor) fixed, this one occurring in code of the form
2369 \c rol ax,forward_reference
2370 \c forward_reference equ 1
2372 \b The number supplied to TIMES is now sanity-checked for positivity,
2373 and also may be greater than 64K (which previously didn't work on
2376 \b Added Watcom C makefiles, and misc/pmw.bat, donated by Dominik Behr.
2378 \b Added the INCBIN pseudo-opcode.
2380 \b Due to the advent of the preprocessor, the [INCLUDE] and [INC]
2381 directives have become obsolete. They are still supported in this
2382 version, with a warning, but won't be in the next.
2384 \b Fixed a bug in OBJ format, which caused incorrect object records to
2385 be output when absolute labels were made global.
2387 \b Updates to RDOFF subdirectory, and changes to outrdf.c.
2390 \S{cl-0.93 released January 1997} Version 0.93 released January 1997
2392 This release went out in a great hurry after semi-crippling bugs
2395 \b Really \e{did} fix the stack overflows this time. *blush*
2397 \b Had problems with EA instruction sizes changing between passes, when
2398 an offset contained a forward reference and so 4 bytes were
2399 allocated for the offset in pass one; by pass two the symbol had
2400 been defined and happened to be a small absolute value, so only 1
2401 byte got allocated, causing instruction size mismatch between passes
2402 and hence incorrect address calculations. Fixed.
2404 \b Stupid bug in the revised ELF section generation fixed (associated
2405 string-table section for .symtab was hard-coded as 7, even when this
2406 didn't fit with the real section table). Was causing `ld' to
2407 seg-fault under Linux.
2409 \b Included a new Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2, donated by Fox
2410 Cutter <lmb@comtch.iea.com>.
2413 \S{cl-0.92 released January 1997} Version 0.92 released January 1997
2415 \b The FDIVP/FDIVRP and FSUBP/FSUBRP pairs had been inverted: this was
2416 fixed. This also affected the LCC driver.
2418 \b Fixed a bug regarding 32-bit effective addresses of the form
2419 \c{[other_register+ESP]}.
2421 \b Documentary changes, notably documentation of the fact that Borland
2422 Win32 compilers use `obj' rather than `win32' object format.
2424 \b Fixed the COMENT record in OBJ files, which was formatted
2427 \b Fixed a bug causing segfaults in large RDF files.
2429 \b OBJ format now strips initial periods from segment and group
2430 definitions, in order to avoid complications with the local label
2433 \b Fixed a bug in disassembling far calls and jumps in NDISASM.
2435 \b Added support for user-defined sections in COFF and ELF files.
2437 \b Compiled the DOS binaries with a sensible amount of stack, to
2438 prevent stack overflows on any arithmetic expression containing
2441 \b Fixed a bug in handling of files that do not terminate in a newline.
2444 \S{cl-0.91 released November 1996} Version 0.91 released November 1996
2446 \b Loads of bug fixes.
2448 \b Support for RDF added.
2450 \b Support for DBG debugging format added.
2452 \b Support for 32-bit extensions to Microsoft OBJ format added.
2454 \b Revised for Borland C: some variable names changed, makefile added.
2456 \b LCC support revised to actually work.
2458 \b JMP/CALL NEAR/FAR notation added.
2460 \b `a16', `o16', `a32' and `o32' prefixes added.
2462 \b Range checking on short jumps implemented.
2464 \b MMX instruction support added.
2466 \b Negative floating point constant support added.
2468 \b Memory handling improved to bypass 64K barrier under DOS.
2470 \b \c{$} prefix to force treatment of reserved words as identifiers added.
2472 \b Default-size mechanism for object formats added.
2474 \b Compile-time configurability added.
2476 \b \c{#}, \c{@}, \c{~} and c\{?} are now valid characters in labels.
2478 \b \c{-e} and \c{-k} options in NDISASM added.
2481 \S{cl-0.90 released October 1996} Version 0.90 released October 1996
2483 First release version. First support for object file output. Other
2484 changes from previous version (0.3x) too numerous to document.