2 \# NASM revision history in nasmdoc format
5 \H{cl-2.xx} NASM 2 Series
7 The NASM 2 series supports x86-64, and is the production version of NASM
11 \S{cl-2.12.01} Version 2.12.01
13 \b Portability fixes for some platforms.
15 \b Fix error when not specifying a list file.
17 \b Add \c{CLZERO}, \c{MONITORX} and \c{MWAITX} instructions.
20 \S{cl-2.12} Version 2.12
22 \b Major fixes to the \c{macho} backend (\k{machofmt}); earlier versions
23 would produce invalid symbols and relocations on a regular basis.
25 \b Support for thread-local storage in Mach-O.
27 \b Support for arbitrary sections in Mach-O.
29 \b Fix wrong negative size treated as a big positive value passed into
30 backend causing NASM to crash.
32 \b Fix handling of zero-extending unsigned relocations, we have been printing
33 wrong message and forgot to assign segment with predefined value before
34 passing it into output format.
36 \b Fix potential write of oversized (with size greater than allowed in
37 output format) relative relocations.
39 \b Portability fixes for building NASM with LLVM compiler.
41 \b Add support of Codeview version 8 (\c{cv8}) debug format for
42 \c{win32} and \c{win64} formats in the \c{COFF} backend,
45 \b Allow 64-bit outputs in 16/32-bit only backends. Unsigned 64-bit
46 relocations are zero-extended from 32-bits with a warning
47 (suppressible via \c{-w-zext-reloc}); signed 64-bit relocations are
50 \b Line numbers in list files now correspond to the lines in the source
51 files, instead of simply being sequential.
53 \b There is now an official 64-bit (x64 a.k.a. x86-64) build for Windows.
56 \S{cl-2.11.09} Version 2.11.09
58 \b Fix potential stack overwrite in \c{macho32} backend.
60 \b Fix relocation records in \c{macho64} backend.
62 \b Fix symbol lookup computation in \c{macho64} backend.
64 \b Adjust \c{.symtab} and \c{.rela.text} sections alignments to 8 bytes
67 \b Fix section length computation in \c{bin} backend which leaded in incorrect
70 \S{cl-2.11.08} Version 2.11.08
72 \b Fix section length computation in \c{bin} backend which leaded in incorrect
75 \b Add a warning for numeric preprocessor definitions passed via command
76 line which might have unexpected results otherwise.
78 \b Add ability to specify a module name record in \c{rdoff} linker with
81 \b Increase label length capacity up to 256 bytes in \c{rdoff} backend for
82 FreePascal sake, which tends to generate very long labels for procedures.
84 \b Fix segmentation failure when rip addressing is used in \c{macho64} backend.
86 \b Fix access on out of memory when handling strings with a single
87 grave. We have sixed similar problem in previous release but not
88 all cases were covered.
90 \b Fix NULL dereference in disassembled on \c{BND} instruction.
92 \S{cl-2.11.07} Version 2.11.07
94 \b Fix 256 bit \c{VMOVNTPS} instruction.
96 \b Fix \c{-MD} option handling, which was rather broken in previous
97 release changing command line api.
99 \b Fix access to unitialized space when handling strings with
102 \b Fix nil dereference in handling memory reference parsing.
104 \S{cl-2.11.06} Version 2.11.06
106 \b Update AVX512 instructions based on the Extension Reference (319433-021 Sept
109 \b Fix the behavior of \c{-MF} and \c{-MD} options (Bugzilla 3392280)
111 \b Updated Win32 Makefile to fix issue with build
113 \S{cl-2.11.05} Version 2.11.05
115 \b Add \c{--v} as an alias for \c{-v} (see \k{opt-v}), for
116 command-line compatibility with Yasm.
118 \b Fix a bug introduced in 2.11.03 whereby certain instructions would
119 contain multiple REX prefixes, and thus be corrupt.
121 \S{cl-2.11.04} Version 2.11.04
123 \b Removed an invalid error checking code. Sometimes a memref only with
124 a displacement can also set an evex flag. For example:
126 \c vmovdqu32 [0xabcd]{k1}, zmm0
128 \b Fixed a bug in disassembler that EVEX.L'L vector length was not matched
129 when EVEX.b was set because it was simply considered as EVEC.RC.
130 Separated EVEX.L'L case from EVEX.RC which is ignored in matching.
132 \S{cl-2.11.03} Version 2.11.03
134 \b Fix a bug there REX prefixes were missing on instructions inside a
137 \S{cl-2.11.02} Version 2.11.02
139 \b Add the \c{XSAVEC}, \c{XSAVES} and \c{XRSTORS} family instructions.
141 \b Add the \c{CLFLUSHOPT} instruction.
143 \S{cl-2.11.01} Version 2.11.01
145 \b Allow instructions which implicitly uses \c{XMM0} (\c{VBLENDVPD},
146 \c{VBLENDVPS}, \c{PBLENDVB} and \c{SHA256RNDS2}) to be specified
147 without an explicit \c{xmm0} on the assembly line. In other words,
148 the following two lines produce the same output:
150 \c vblendvpd xmm2,xmm1,xmm0 ; Last operand is fixed xmm0
151 \c vblendvpd xmm2,xmm1 ; Implicit xmm0 omitted
153 \b In the ELF backends, don't crash the assembler if \c{section align}
154 is specified without a value.
156 \S{cl-2.11} Version 2.11
158 \b Add support for the Intel AVX-512 instruction set:
160 \b 16 new, 512-bit SIMD registers. Total 32 \c{(ZMM0 ~ ZMM31)}
162 \b 8 new opmask registers \c{(K0 ~ K7)}. One of 7 registers \c{(K1 ~ K7)} can
163 be used as an opmask for conditional execution.
165 \b A new EVEX encoding prefix. EVEX is based on VEX and provides more
166 capabilities: opmasks, broadcasting, embedded rounding and compressed
170 \c VDIVPD zmm0{k1}{z}, zmm1, zmm3 ; conditional vector operation
171 \c ; using opmask k1.
172 \c ; {z} is for zero-masking
174 \c VDIVPS zmm4, zmm5, [rbx]{1to16} ; load single-precision float and
175 \c ; replicate it 16 times. 32 * 16 = 512
176 \c - embedded rounding
177 \c VCVTSI2SD xmm6, xmm7, {rz-sae}, rax ; round toward zero. note that it
178 \c ; is used as if a separate operand.
179 \c ; it comes after the last SIMD operand
181 \b Add support for \c{ZWORD} (512 bits), \c{DZ} and \c{RESZ}.
183 \b Add support for the MPX and SHA instruction sets.
185 \b Better handling of section redefinition.
187 \b Generate manpages when running \c{'make dist'}.
189 \b Handle all token chains in mmacro params range.
191 \b Support split [base,index] effective address:
193 \c mov eax,[eax+8,ecx*4] ; eax=base, ecx=index, 4=scale, 8=disp
195 This is expected to be most useful for the MPX instructions.
197 \b Support \c{BND} prefix for branch instructions (for MPX).
199 \b The \c{DEFAULT} directive can now take \c{BND} and \c{NOBND}
200 options to indicate whether all relevant branches should be getting
201 \c{BND} prefixes. This is expected to be the normal for use in MPX
204 \b Add \c{{evex}}, \c{{vex3}} and \c{{vex2}} instruction prefixes to
205 have NASM encode the corresponding instruction, if possible, with an EVEX,
206 3-byte VEX, or 2-byte VEX prefix, respectively.
208 \b Support for section names longer than 8 bytes in Win32/Win64 COFF.
210 \b The \c{NOSPLIT} directive by itself no longer forces a single
211 register to become an index register, unless it has an explicit
214 \c mov eax,[nosplit eax] ; eax as base register
215 \c mov eax,[nosplit eax*1] ; eax as index register
217 \S{cl-2.10.09} Version 2.10.09
219 \b Pregenerate man pages.
221 \S{cl-2.10.08} Version 2.10.08
223 \b Fix \c{VMOVNTDQA}, \c{MOVNTDQA} and \c{MOVLPD} instructions.
225 \b Fix collision for \c{VGATHERQPS}, \c{VPGATHERQD} instructions.
227 \b Fix \c{VPMOVSXBQ}, \c{VGATHERQPD}, \c{VSPLLW} instructions.
229 \b Add a bunch of AMD TBM instructions.
231 \b Fix potential stack overwrite in numbers conversion.
233 \b Allow byte size in \c{PREFETCHTx} instructions.
235 \b Make manual pages up to date.
237 \b Make \c{F3} and \c{F2} SSE prefixes to override \c{66}.
239 \b Support of AMD SVM instructions in 32 bit mode.
241 \b Fix near offsets code generation for \c{JMP}, \c{CALL} instrictions
244 \b Fix preprocessor parse regression when id is expanding to a whitespace.
246 \S{cl-2.10.07} Version 2.10.07
248 \b Fix line continuation parsing being broken in previous version.
250 \S{cl-2.10.06} Version 2.10.06
252 \b Always quote the dependency source names when using the automatic
253 dependency generation options.
255 \b If no dependency target name is specified via the \c{-MT} or
256 \c{-MQ} options, quote the default output name.
258 \b Fix assembly of shift operations in \c{CPU 8086} mode.
260 \b Fix incorrect generation of explicit immediate byte for shift by 1
261 under certain circumstances.
263 \b Fix assembly of the \c{VPCMPGTQ} instruction.
265 \b Fix RIP-relative relocations in the \c{macho64} backend.
267 \S{cl-2.10.05} Version 2.10.05
269 \b Add the \c{CLAC} and \c{STAC} instructions.
271 \S{cl-2.10.04} Version 2.10.04
273 \b Add back the inadvertently deleted 256-bit version of the \c{VORPD}
276 \b Correct disassembly of instructions starting with byte \c{82} hex.
278 \b Fix corner cases in token pasting, for example:
280 \c %define N 1e%++%+ 5
283 \S{cl-2.10.03} Version 2.10.03
285 \b Correct the assembly of the instruction:
287 \c XRELEASE MOV [absolute],AL
289 Previous versions would incorrectly generate \c{F3 A2} for this
290 instruction and issue a warning; correct behavior is to emit \c{F3 88
293 \S{cl-2.10.02} Version 2.10.02
295 \b Add the \c{ifunc} macro package with integer functions, currently
296 only integer logarithms. See \k{pkg_ifunc}.
298 \b Add the \c{RDSEED}, \c{ADCX} and \c{ADOX} instructions.
300 \S{cl-2.10.01} Version 2.10.01
302 \b Add missing VPMOVMSKB instruction with reg32, ymmreg operands.
304 \S{cl-2.10} Version 2.10
306 \b When optimization is enabled, \c{mov r64,imm} now optimizes to the
307 shortest form possible between:
309 \c mov r32,imm32 ; 5 bytes
310 \c mov r64,imm32 ; 7 bytes
311 \c mov r64,imm64 ; 10 bytes
313 To force a specific form, use the \c{STRICT} keyword, see \k{strict}.
315 \b Add support for the Intel AVX2 instruction set.
317 \b Add support for Bit Manipulation Instructions 1 and 2.
319 \b Add support for Intel Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX).
321 \b Add support for x32 ELF (32-bit ELF with the CPU in 64-bit mode.)
324 \b Add support for bigendian UTF-16 and UTF-32. See \k{unicode}.
326 \S{cl-2.09.10} Version 2.09.10
328 \b Fix up NSIS script to protect uninstaller against registry keys
329 absence or corruption. It brings in a few additional questions
330 to a user during deinstallation procedure but still it is better
331 than unpredictable file removal.
333 \S{cl-2.09.09} Version 2.09.09
335 \b Fix initialization of section attributes of \c{bin} output format.
337 \b Fix \c{mach64} output format bug that crashes NASM due to NULL symbols.
340 \S{cl-2.09.08} Version 2.09.08
342 \b Fix \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__} assignment when output driver alias
343 is used. For example when \c{-f elf} is used \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__}
344 must be set to \c{elf}, if \c{-f elf32} is used \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__}
345 must be assigned accordingly, i.e. to \c{elf32}. The rule applies to
346 all output driver aliases. See \k{ofmtm}.
349 \S{cl-2.09.07} Version 2.09.07
351 \b Fix attempts to close same file several times
352 when \c{-a} option is used.
354 \b Fixes for VEXTRACTF128, VMASKMOVPS encoding.
357 \S{cl-2.09.06} Version 2.09.06
359 \b Fix missed section attribute initialization in \c{bin} output target.
362 \S{cl-2.09.05} Version 2.09.05
364 \b Fix arguments encoding for VPEXTRW instruction.
366 \b Remove invalid form of VPEXTRW instruction.
368 \b Add \c{VLDDQU} as alias for \c{VLDQQU} to
372 \S{cl-2.09.04} Version 2.09.04
374 \b Fix incorrect labels offset for VEX intructions.
376 \b Eliminate bogus warning on implicit operand size override.
378 \b \c{%if} term could not handle 64 bit numbers.
380 \b The COFF backend was limiting relocations number to 16 bits even if
381 in real there were a way more relocations.
384 \S{cl-2.09.03} Version 2.09.03
386 \b Print \c{%macro} name inside \c{%rep} blocks on error.
388 \b Fix preprocessor expansion behaviour. It happened sometime
389 too early and sometime simply wrong. Move behaviour back to
390 the origins (down to NASM 2.05.01).
392 \b Fix unitialized data dereference on OMF output format.
394 \b Issue warning on unterminated \c{%{} construct.
396 \b Fix for documentation typo.
399 \S{cl-2.09.02} Version 2.09.02
401 \b Fix reversed tokens when \c{%deftok} produces more than one output token.
403 \b Fix segmentation fault on disassembling some VEX instructions.
405 \b Missing \c{%endif} did not always cause error.
407 \b Fix typo in documentation.
409 \b Compound context local preprocessor single line macro identifiers
410 were not expanded early enough and as result lead to unresolved
414 \S{cl-2.09.01} Version 2.09.01
416 \b Fix NULL dereference on missed %deftok second parameter.
418 \b Fix NULL dereference on invalid %substr parameters.
421 \S{cl-2.09} Version 2.09
423 \b Fixed assignment the magnitude of \c{%rep} counter. It is limited
426 \b Fixed NULL dereference if argument of \c{%strlen} resolves
427 to whitespace. For example if nonexistent macro parameter is used.
429 \b \c{%ifenv}, \c{%elifenv}, \c{%ifnenv}, and \c{%elifnenv} directives
430 introduced. See \k{ifenv}.
432 \b Fixed NULL dereference if environment variable is missed.
434 \b Updates of new AVX v7 Intel instructions.
436 \b \c{PUSH imm32} is now officially documented.
438 \b Fix for encoding the LFS, LGS and LSS in 64-bit mode.
440 \b Fixes for compatibility with OpenWatcom compiler and DOS 8.3 file
443 \b Macros parameters range expansion introduced. See \k{mlmacrange}.
445 \b Backward compatibility on expanging of local sigle macros restored.
447 \b 8 bit relocations for \c{elf} and \c{bin} output formats are introduced.
449 \b Short intersegment jumps are permitted now.
451 \b An alignment more than 64 bytes are allowed for \c{win32},
452 \c{win64} output formats.
454 \b \c{SECTALIGN} directive introduced. See \k{sectalign}.
456 \b \c{nojmp} option introduced in \c{smartalign} package. See
459 \b Short aliases \c{win}, \c{elf} and \c{macho} for output formats are
460 introduced. Each stands for \c{win32}, \c{elf32} and \c{macho32}
463 \b Faster handling of missing directives implemented.
465 \b Various small improvements in documentation.
467 \b No hang anymore if unable to open malloc.log file.
469 \b The environments without vsnprintf function are able to build nasm again.
471 \b AMD LWP instructions updated.
473 \b Tighten EA checks. We warn a user if there overflow in EA addressing.
475 \b Make \c{-Ox} the default optimization level. For the legacy
476 behavior, specify \c{-O0} explicitly. See \k{opt-O}.
478 \b Environment variables read with \c{%!} or tested with \c{%ifenv}
479 can now contain non-identifier characters if surrounded by quotes.
482 \b Add a new standard macro package \c{%use fp} for floating-point
483 convenience macros. See \k{pkg_fp}.
486 \S{cl-2.08.02} Version 2.08.02
488 \b Fix crash under certain circumstances when using the \c{%+} operator.
491 \S{cl-2.08.01} Version 2.08.01
493 \b Fix the \c{%use} statement, which was broken in 2.08.
496 \S{cl-2.08} Version 2.08
498 \b A number of enhancements/fixes in macros area.
500 \b Support for converting strings to tokens. See \k{deftok}.
502 \b Fuzzy operand size logic introduced.
504 \b Fix COFF stack overrun on too long export identifiers.
506 \b Fix Macho-O alignment bug.
508 \b Fix crashes with -fwin32 on file with many exports.
510 \b Fix stack overrun for too long [DEBUG id].
512 \b Fix incorrect sbyte usage in IMUL (hit only if optimization
515 \b Append ending token for \c{.stabs} records in the ELF output format.
517 \b New NSIS script which uses ModernUI and MultiUser approach.
519 \b Visual Studio 2008 NASM integration (rules file).
521 \b Warn a user if a constant is too long (and as result will be stripped).
523 \b The obsoleted pre-XOP AMD SSE5 instruction set which was never actualized
526 \b Fix stack overrun on too long error file name passed from the command line.
528 \b Bind symbols to the .text section by default (ie in case if SECTION
529 directive was omitted) in the ELF output format.
531 \b Fix sync points array index wrapping.
533 \b A few fixes for FMA4 and XOP instruction templates.
535 \b Add AMD Lightweight Profiling (LWP) instructions.
537 \b Fix the offset for \c{%arg} in 64-bit mode.
539 \b An undefined local macro (\c{%$}) no longer matches a global macro
542 \b Fix NULL dereference on too long local labels.
545 \S{cl-2.07} Version 2.07
547 \b NASM is now under the 2-clause BSD license. See \k{legal}.
549 \b Fix the section type for the \c{.strtab} section in the \c{elf64}
552 \b Fix the handling of \c{COMMON} directives in the \c{obj} output format.
554 \b New \c{ith} and \c{srec} output formats; these are variants of the
555 \c{bin} output format which output Intel hex and Motorola S-records,
556 respectively. See \k{ithfmt} and \k{srecfmt}.
558 \b \c{rdf2ihx} replaced with an enhanced \c{rdf2bin}, which can output
559 binary, COM, Intel hex or Motorola S-records.
561 \b The Windows installer now puts the NASM directory first in the
562 \c{PATH} of the "NASM Shell".
564 \b Revert the early expansion behavior of \c{%+} to pre-2.06 behavior:
565 \c{%+} is only expanded late.
567 \b Yet another Mach-O alignment fix.
569 \b Don't delete the list file on errors. Also, include error and
570 warning information in the list file.
572 \b Support for 64-bit Mach-O output, see \k{machofmt}.
574 \b Fix assert failure on certain operations that involve strings with
578 \S{cl-2.06} Version 2.06
580 \b This release is dedicated to the memory of Charles A. Crayne, long
581 time NASM developer as well as moderator of \c{comp.lang.asm.x86} and
582 author of the book \e{Serious Assembler}. We miss you, Chuck.
584 \b Support for indirect macro expansion (\c{%[...]}). See \k{indmacro}.
586 \b \c{%pop} can now take an argument, see \k{pushpop}.
588 \b The argument to \c{%use} is no longer macro-expanded. Use
589 \c{%[...]} if macro expansion is desired.
591 \b Support for thread-local storage in ELF32 and ELF64. See \k{elftls}.
593 \b Fix crash on \c{%ifmacro} without an argument.
595 \b Correct the arguments to the \c{POPCNT} instruction.
597 \b Fix section alignment in the Mach-O format.
599 \b Update AVX support to version 5 of the Intel specification.
601 \b Fix the handling of accesses to context-local macros from higher
602 levels in the context stack.
604 \b Treat \c{WAIT} as a prefix rather than as an instruction, thereby
605 allowing constructs like \c{O16 FSAVE} to work correctly.
607 \b Support for structures with a non-zero base offset. See \k{struc}.
609 \b Correctly handle preprocessor token concatenation (see \k{concat})
610 involving floating-point numbers.
612 \b The \c{PINSR} series of instructions have been corrected and
615 \b Removed AMD SSE5, replaced with the new XOP/FMA4/CVT16 (rev 3.03)
618 \b The ELF backends no longer automatically generate a \c{.comment} section.
620 \b Add additional "well-known" ELF sections with default attributes. See
624 \S{cl-2.05.01} Version 2.05.01
626 \b Fix the \c{-w}/\c{-W} option parsing, which was broken in NASM 2.05.
629 \S{cl-2.05} Version 2.05
631 \b Fix redundant REX.W prefix on \c{JMP reg64}.
633 \b Make the behaviour of \c{-O0} match NASM 0.98 legacy behavior.
636 \b \c{-w-user} can be used to suppress the output of \c{%warning} directives.
639 \b Fix bug where \c{ALIGN} would issue a full alignment datum instead of
642 \b Fix offsets in list files.
644 \b Fix \c{%include} inside multi-line macros or loops.
646 \b Fix error where NASM would generate a spurious warning on valid
647 optimizations of immediate values.
649 \b Fix arguments to a number of the \c{CVT} SSE instructions.
651 \b Fix RIP-relative offsets when the instruction carries an immediate.
653 \b Massive overhaul of the ELF64 backend for spec compliance.
655 \b Fix the Geode \c{PFRCPV} and \c{PFRSQRTV} instruction.
657 \b Fix the SSE 4.2 \c{CRC32} instruction.
660 \S{cl-2.04} Version 2.04
662 \b Sanitize macro handing in the \c{%error} directive.
664 \b New \c{%warning} directive to issue user-controlled warnings.
666 \b \c{%error} directives are now deferred to the final assembly phase.
668 \b New \c{%fatal} directive to immediately terminate assembly.
670 \b New \c{%strcat} directive to join quoted strings together.
672 \b New \c{%use} macro directive to support standard macro directives. See
675 \b Excess default parameters to \c{%macro} now issues a warning by default.
678 \b Fix \c{%ifn} and \c{%elifn}.
680 \b Fix nested \c{%else} clauses.
682 \b Correct the handling of nested \c{%rep}s.
684 \b New \c{%unmacro} directive to undeclare a multi-line macro.
687 \b Builtin macro \c{__PASS__} which expands to the current assembly pass.
690 \b \c{__utf16__} and \c{__utf32__} operators to generate UTF-16 and UTF-32
691 strings. See \k{unicode}.
693 \b Fix bug in case-insensitive matching when compiled on platforms that
694 don't use the \c{configure} script. Of the official release binaries,
695 that only affected the OS/2 binary.
697 \b Support for x87 packed BCD constants. See \k{bcdconst}.
699 \b Correct the \c{LTR} and \c{SLDT} instructions in 64-bit mode.
701 \b Fix unnecessary REX.W prefix on indirect jumps in 64-bit mode.
703 \b Add AVX versions of the AES instructions (\c{VAES}...).
705 \b Fix the 256-bit FMA instructions.
707 \b Add 256-bit AVX stores per the latest AVX spec.
709 \b VIA XCRYPT instructions can now be written either with or without
710 \c{REP}, apparently different versions of the VIA spec wrote them
713 \b Add missing 64-bit \c{MOVNTI} instruction.
715 \b Fix the operand size of \c{VMREAD} and \c{VMWRITE}.
717 \b Numerous bug fixes, especially to the AES, AVX and VTX instructions.
719 \b The optimizer now always runs until it converges. It also runs even
720 when disabled, but doesn't optimize. This allows most forward references
721 to be resolved properly.
723 \b \c{%push} no longer needs a context identifier; omitting the context
724 identifier results in an anonymous context.
727 \S{cl-2.03.01} Version 2.03.01
729 \b Fix buffer overflow in the listing module.
731 \b Fix the handling of hexadecimal escape codes in `...` strings.
733 \b The Postscript/PDF documentation has been reformatted.
735 \b The \c{-F} option now implies \c{-g}.
738 \S{cl-2.03} Version 2.03
740 \b Add support for Intel AVX, CLMUL and FMA instructions,
741 including YMM registers.
743 \b \c{dy}, \c{resy} and \c{yword} for 32-byte operands.
745 \b Fix some SSE5 instructions.
747 \b Intel \c{INVEPT}, \c{INVVPID} and \c{MOVBE} instructions.
749 \b Fix checking for critical expressions when the optimizer is enabled.
751 \b Support the DWARF debugging format for ELF targets.
753 \b Fix optimizations of signed bytes.
755 \b Fix operation on bigendian machines.
757 \b Fix buffer overflow in the preprocessor.
759 \b \c{SAFESEH} support for Win32, \c{IMAGEREL} for Win64 (SEH).
761 \b \c{%?} and \c{%??} to refer to the name of a macro itself. In particular,
762 \c{%idefine keyword $%?} can be used to make a keyword "disappear".
764 \b New options for dependency generation: \c{-MD}, \c{-MF},
765 \c{-MP}, \c{-MT}, \c{-MQ}.
767 \b New preprocessor directives \c{%pathsearch} and \c{%depend}; INCBIN
768 reimplemented as a macro.
770 \b \c{%include} now resolves macros in a sane manner.
772 \b \c{%substr} can now be used to get other than one-character substrings.
774 \b New type of character/string constants, using backquotes (\c{`...`}),
775 which support C-style escape sequences.
777 \b \c{%defstr} and \c{%idefstr} to stringize macro definitions before
780 \b Fix forward references used in \c{EQU} statements.
783 \S{cl-2.02} Version 2.02
785 \b Additional fixes for MMX operands with explicit \c{qword}, as well as
786 (hopefully) SSE operands with \c{oword}.
788 \b Fix handling of truncated strings with \c{DO}.
790 \b Fix segfaults due to memory overwrites when floating-point constants
793 \b Fix segfaults due to missing include files.
795 \b Fix OpenWatcom Makefiles for DOS and OS/2.
797 \b Add autogenerated instruction list back into the documentation.
799 \b ELF: Fix segfault when generating stabs, and no symbols have been
802 \b ELF: Experimental support for DWARF debugging information.
804 \b New compile date and time standard macros.
806 \b \c{%ifnum} now returns true for negative numbers.
808 \b New \c{%iftoken} test for a single token.
810 \b New \c{%ifempty} test for empty expansion.
812 \b Add support for the \c{XSAVE} instruction group.
814 \b Makefile for Netware/gcc.
816 \b Fix issue with some warnings getting emitted way too many times.
818 \b Autogenerated instruction list added to the documentation.
821 \S{cl-2.01} Version 2.01
823 \b Fix the handling of MMX registers with explicit \c{qword} tags on
824 memory (broken in 2.00 due to 64-bit changes.)
826 \b Fix the PREFETCH instructions.
828 \b Fix the documentation.
830 \b Fix debugging info when using \c{-f elf}
831 (backwards compatibility alias for \c{-f elf32}).
833 \b Man pages for rdoff tools (from the Debian project.)
835 \b ELF: handle large numbers of sections.
837 \b Fix corrupt output when the optimizer runs out of passes.
840 \S{cl-2.00} Version 2.00
842 \b Added c99 data-type compliance.
844 \b Added general x86-64 support.
846 \b Added win64 (x86-64 COFF) output format.
848 \b Added \c{__BITS__} standard macro.
850 \b Renamed the \c{elf} output format to \c{elf32} for clarity.
852 \b Added \c{elf64} and \c{macho} (MacOS X) output formats.
854 \b Added Numeric constants in \c{dq} directive.
856 \b Added \c{oword}, \c{do} and \c{reso} pseudo operands.
858 \b Allow underscores in numbers.
860 \b Added 8-, 16- and 128-bit floating-point formats.
862 \b Added binary, octal and hexadecimal floating-point.
864 \b Correct the generation of floating-point constants.
866 \b Added floating-point option control.
868 \b Added Infinity and NaN floating point support.
870 \b Added ELF Symbol Visibility support.
872 \b Added setting OSABI value in ELF header directive.
874 \b Added Generate Makefile Dependencies option.
876 \b Added Unlimited Optimization Passes option.
878 \b Added \c{%IFN} and \c{%ELIFN} support.
880 \b Added Logical Negation Operator.
882 \b Enhanced Stack Relative Preprocessor Directives.
884 \b Enhanced ELF Debug Formats.
886 \b Enhanced Send Errors to a File option.
888 \b Added SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, SSE5 support.
890 \b Added a large number of additional instructions.
892 \b Significant performance improvements.
894 \b \c{-w+warning} and \c{-w-warning} can now be written as -Wwarning and
895 -Wno-warning, respectively. See \k{opt-w}.
897 \b Add \c{-w+error} to treat warnings as errors. See \k{opt-w}.
899 \b Add \c{-w+all} and \c{-w-all} to enable or disable all suppressible
900 warnings. See \k{opt-w}.
903 \H{cl-0.98.xx} NASM 0.98 Series
905 The 0.98 series was the production versions of NASM from 1999 to 2007.
908 \S{cl-0.98.39} Version 0.98.39
910 \b fix buffer overflow
912 \b fix outas86's \c{.bss} handling
914 \b "make spotless" no longer deletes config.h.in.
916 \b \c{%(el)if(n)idn} insensitivity to string quotes difference (#809300).
918 \b (nasm.c)\c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__} changed to string value instead of symbol.
920 \S{cl-0.98.38} Version 0.98.38
923 \b Add Makefile for 16-bit DOS binaries under OpenWatcom, and modify
924 \c{mkdep.pl} to be able to generate completely pathless dependencies, as
925 required by OpenWatcom wmake (it supports path searches, but not
928 \b Fix the \c{STR} instruction.
930 \b Fix the ELF output format, which was broken under certain
931 circumstances due to the addition of stabs support.
933 \b Quick-fix Borland format debug-info for \c{-f obj}
935 \b Fix for \c{%rep} with no arguments (#560568)
937 \b Fix concatenation of preprocessor function call (#794686)
939 \b Fix long label causes coredump (#677841)
941 \b Use autoheader as well as autoconf to keep configure from generating
942 ridiculously long command lines.
944 \b Make sure that all of the formats which support debugging output
945 actually will suppress debugging output when \c{-g} not specified.
947 \S{cl-0.98.37} Version 0.98.37
950 \b Paths given in \c{-I} switch searched for \c{incbin}-ed as
951 well as \c{%include}-ed files.
953 \b Added stabs debugging for the ELF output format, patch from
956 \b Fix \c{output/outbin.c} to allow origin > 80000000h.
958 \b Make \c{-U} switch work.
960 \b Fix the use of relative offsets with explicit prefixes, e.g.
963 \b Remove \c{backslash()}.
965 \b Fix the \c{SMSW} and \c{SLDT} instructions.
967 \b \c{-O2} and \c{-O3} are no longer aliases for \c{-O10} and \c{-O15}.
968 If you mean the latter, please say so! :)
970 \S{cl-0.98.36} Version 0.98.36
973 \b Update rdoff - librarian/archiver - common rec - docs!
975 \b Fix signed/unsigned problems.
977 \b Fix \c{JMP FAR label} and \c{CALL FAR label}.
979 \b Add new multisection support - map files - fix align bug
981 \b Fix sysexit, movhps/movlps reg,reg bugs in insns.dat
983 \b \c{Q} or \c{O} suffixes indicate octal
985 \b Support Prescott new instructions (PNI).
987 \b Cyrix \c{XSTORE} instruction.
990 \S{cl-0.98.35} Version 0.98.35
992 \b Fix build failure on 16-bit DOS (Makefile.bc3 workaround for compiler bug.)
994 \b Fix dependencies and compiler warnings.
996 \b Add "const" in a number of places.
998 \b Add -X option to specify error reporting format (use -Xvc to
999 integrate with Microsoft Visual Studio.)
1001 \b Minor changes for code legibility.
1003 \b Drop use of tmpnam() in rdoff (security fix.)
1006 \S{cl-0.98.34} Version 0.98.34
1008 \b Correct additional address-size vs. operand-size confusions.
1010 \b Generate dependencies for all Makefiles automatically.
1012 \b Add support for unimplemented (but theoretically available)
1013 registers such as tr0 and cr5. Segment registers 6 and 7 are called
1014 segr6 and segr7 for the operations which they can be represented.
1016 \b Correct some disassembler bugs related to redundant address-size prefixes.
1017 Some work still remains in this area.
1019 \b Correctly generate an error for things like "SEG eax".
1021 \b Add the JMPE instruction, enabled by "CPU IA64".
1023 \b Correct compilation on newer gcc/glibc platforms.
1025 \b Issue an error on things like "jmp far eax".
1028 \S{cl-0.98.33} Version 0.98.33
1030 \b New __NASM_PATCHLEVEL__ and __NASM_VERSION_ID__ standard macros to
1031 round out the version-query macros. version.pl now understands
1032 X.YYplWW or X.YY.ZZplWW as a version number, equivalent to
1033 X.YY.ZZ.WW (or X.YY.0.WW, as appropriate).
1035 \b New keyword "strict" to disable the optimization of specific
1038 \b Fix the handing of size overrides with JMP instructions
1039 (instructions such as "jmp dword foo".)
1041 \b Fix the handling of "ABSOLUTE label", where "label" points into a
1042 relocatable segment.
1044 \b Fix OBJ output format with lots of externs.
1046 \b More documentation updates.
1048 \b Add -Ov option to get verbose information about optimizations.
1050 \b Undo a braindead change which broke \c{%elif} directives.
1052 \b Makefile updates.
1055 \S{cl-0.98.32} Version 0.98.32
1057 \b Fix NASM crashing when \c{%macro} directives were left unterminated.
1059 \b Lots of documentation updates.
1061 \b Complete rewrite of the PostScript/PDF documentation generator.
1063 \b The MS Visual C++ Makefile was updated and corrected.
1065 \b Recognize .rodata as a standard section name in ELF.
1067 \b Fix some obsolete Perl4-isms in Perl scripts.
1069 \b Fix configure.in to work with autoconf 2.5x.
1071 \b Fix a couple of "make cleaner" misses.
1073 \b Make the normal "./configure && make" work with Cygwin.
1076 \S{cl-0.98.31} Version 0.98.31
1078 \b Correctly build in a separate object directory again.
1080 \b Derive all references to the version number from the version file.
1082 \b New standard macros __NASM_SUBMINOR__ and __NASM_VER__ macros.
1084 \b Lots of Makefile updates and bug fixes.
1086 \b New \c{%ifmacro} directive to test for multiline macros.
1088 \b Documentation updates.
1090 \b Fixes for 16-bit OBJ format output.
1092 \b Changed the NASM environment variable to NASMENV.
1095 \S{cl-0.98.30} Version 0.98.30
1097 \b Changed doc files a lot: completely removed old READMExx and
1098 Wishlist files, incorporating all information in CHANGES and TODO.
1100 \b I waited a long time to rename zoutieee.c to (original) outieee.c
1102 \b moved all output modules to output/ subdirectory.
1104 \b Added 'make strip' target to strip debug info from nasm & ndisasm.
1106 \b Added INSTALL file with installation instructions.
1108 \b Added -v option description to nasm man.
1110 \b Added dist makefile target to produce source distributions.
1112 \b 16-bit support for ELF output format (GNU extension, but useful.)
1115 \S{cl-0.98.28} Version 0.98.28
1117 \b Fastcooked this for Debian's Woody release:
1118 Frank applied the INCBIN bug patch to 0.98.25alt and called
1119 it 0.98.28 to not confuse poor little apt-get.
1122 \S{cl-0.98.26} Version 0.98.26
1124 \b Reorganised files even better from 0.98.25alt
1127 \S{cl-0.98.25alt} Version 0.98.25alt
1129 \b Prettified the source tree. Moved files to more reasonable places.
1131 \b Added findleak.pl script to misc/ directory.
1133 \b Attempted to fix doc.
1136 \S{cl-0.98.25} Version 0.98.25
1138 \b Line continuation character \c{\\}.
1140 \b Docs inadvertantly reverted - "dos packaging".
1143 \S{cl-0.98.24p1} Version 0.98.24p1
1145 \b FIXME: Someone, document this please.
1148 \S{cl-0.98.24} Version 0.98.24
1150 \b Documentation - Ndisasm doc added to Nasm.doc.
1153 \S{cl-0.98.23} Version 0.98.23
1155 \b Attempted to remove rdoff version1
1157 \b Lino Mastrodomenico's patches to preproc.c (%$$ bug?).
1160 \S{cl-0.98.22} Version 0.98.22
1162 \b Update rdoff2 - attempt to remove v1.
1165 \S{cl-0.98.21} Version 0.98.21
1167 \b Optimization fixes.
1170 \S{cl-0.98.20} Version 0.98.20
1172 \b Optimization fixes.
1175 \S{cl-0.98.19} Version 0.98.19
1177 \b H. J. Lu's patch back out.
1180 \S{cl-0.98.18} Version 0.98.18
1182 \b Added ".rdata" to "-f win32".
1185 \S{cl-0.98.17} Version 0.98.17
1187 \b H. J. Lu's "bogus elf" patch. (Red Hat problem?)
1190 \S{cl-0.98.16} Version 0.98.16
1192 \b Fix whitespace before "[section ..." bug.
1195 \S{cl-0.98.15} Version 0.98.15
1197 \b Rdoff changes (?).
1199 \b Fix fixes to memory leaks.
1202 \S{cl-0.98.14} Version 0.98.14
1204 \b Fix memory leaks.
1207 \S{cl-0.98.13} Version 0.98.13
1209 \b There was no 0.98.13
1212 \S{cl-0.98.12} Version 0.98.12
1214 \b Update optimization (new function of "-O1")
1216 \b Changes to test/bintest.asm (?).
1219 \S{cl-0.98.11} Version 0.98.11
1221 \b Optimization changes.
1226 \S{cl-0.98.10} Version 0.98.10
1228 \b There was no 0.98.10
1231 \S{cl-0.98.09} Version 0.98.09
1233 \b Add multiple sections support to "-f bin".
1235 \b Changed GLOBAL_TEMP_BASE in outelf.c from 6 to 15.
1237 \b Add "-v" as an alias to the "-r" switch.
1239 \b Remove "#ifdef" from Tasm compatibility options.
1241 \b Remove redundant size-overrides on "mov ds, ex", etc.
1243 \b Fixes to SSE2, other insns.dat (?).
1245 \b Enable uppercase "I" and "P" switches.
1247 \b Case insinsitive "seg" and "wrt".
1249 \b Update install.sh (?).
1251 \b Allocate tokens in blocks.
1253 \b Improve "invalid effective address" messages.
1256 \S{cl-0.98.08} Version 0.98.08
1258 \b Add "\c{%strlen}" and "\c{%substr}" macro operators
1260 \b Fixed broken c16.mac.
1262 \b Unterminated string error reported.
1264 \b Fixed bugs as per 0.98bf
1267 \S{cl-0.98.09b with John Coffman patches released 28-Oct-2001} Version 0.98.09b with John Coffman patches released 28-Oct-2001
1269 Changes from 0.98.07 release to 98.09b as of 28-Oct-2001
1271 \b More closely compatible with 0.98 when -O0 is implied
1272 or specified. Not strictly identical, since backward
1273 branches in range of short offsets are recognized, and signed
1274 byte values with no explicit size specification will be
1275 assembled as a single byte.
1277 \b More forgiving with the PUSH instruction. 0.98 requires
1278 a size to be specified always. 0.98.09b will imply the size
1279 from the current BITS setting (16 or 32).
1281 \b Changed definition of the optimization flag:
1283 -O0 strict two-pass assembly, JMP and Jcc are
1284 handled more like 0.98, except that back-
1285 ward JMPs are short, if possible.
1287 -O1 strict two-pass assembly, but forward
1288 branches are assembled with code guaranteed
1289 to reach; may produce larger code than
1290 -O0, but will produce successful assembly
1291 more often if branch offset sizes are not
1294 -O2 multi-pass optimization, minimize branch
1295 offsets; also will minimize signed immed-
1296 iate bytes, overriding size specification.
1298 -O3 like -O2, but more passes taken, if needed
1301 \S{cl-0.98.07 released 01/28/01} Version 0.98.07 released 01/28/01
1303 \b Added Stepane Denis' SSE2 instructions to a *working*
1304 version of the code - some earlier versions were based on
1305 broken code - sorry 'bout that. version "0.98.07"
1311 \b Cosmetic modifications to nasm.c, nasm.h,
1315 \S{cl-0.98.06f released 01/18/01} Version 0.98.06f released 01/18/01
1318 \b - Add "metalbrain"s jecxz bug fix in insns.dat
1319 - alter nasmdoc.src to match - version "0.98.06f"
1322 \S{cl-0.98.06e released 01/09/01} Version 0.98.06e released 01/09/01
1325 \b Removed the "outforms.h" file - it appears to be
1326 someone's old backup of "outform.h". version "0.98.06e"
1330 \b fbk - finally added the fix for the "multiple %includes bug",
1331 known since 7/27/99 - reported originally (?) and sent to
1332 us by Austin Lunnen - he reports that John Fine had a fix
1333 within the day. Here it is...
1335 \b Nelson Rush resigns from the group. Big thanks to Nelson for
1336 his leadership and enthusiasm in getting these changes
1337 incorporated into Nasm!
1339 \b fbk - [list +], [list -] directives - ineptly implemented, should
1340 be re-written or removed, perhaps.
1342 \b Brian Raiter / fbk - "elfso bug" fix - applied to aoutb format
1343 as well - testing might be desirable...
1347 \b James Seter - -postfix, -prefix command line switches.
1349 \b Yuri Zaporozhets - rdoff utility changes.
1352 \S{cl-0.98p1} Version 0.98p1
1354 \b GAS-like palign (Panos Minos)
1356 \b FIXME: Someone, fill this in with details
1359 \S{cl-0.98bf (bug-fixed)} Version 0.98bf (bug-fixed)
1361 \b Fixed - elf and aoutb bug - shared libraries
1362 - multiple "%include" bug in "-f obj"
1364 - unrecognized option bug in ndisasm
1366 \S{cl-0.98.03 with John Coffman's changes released 27-Jul-2000} Version 0.98.03 with John Coffman's changes released 27-Jul-2000
1368 \b Added signed byte optimizations for the 0x81/0x83 class
1369 of instructions: ADC, ADD, AND, CMP, OR, SBB, SUB, XOR:
1370 when used as 'ADD reg16,imm' or 'ADD reg32,imm.' Also
1371 optimization of signed byte form of 'PUSH imm' and 'IMUL
1372 reg,imm'/'IMUL reg,reg,imm.' No size specification is needed.
1374 \b Added multi-pass JMP and Jcc offset optimization. Offsets
1375 on forward references will preferentially use the short form,
1376 without the need to code a specific size (short or near) for
1377 the branch. Added instructions for 'Jcc label' to use the
1378 form 'Jnotcc $+3/JMP label', in cases where a short offset
1379 is out of bounds. If compiling for a 386 or higher CPU, then
1380 the 386 form of Jcc will be used instead.
1382 This feature is controlled by a new command-line switch: "O",
1383 (upper case letter O). "-O0" reverts the assembler to no
1384 extra optimization passes, "-O1" allows up to 5 extra passes,
1385 and "-O2"(default), allows up to 10 extra optimization passes.
1387 \b Added a new directive: 'cpu XXX', where XXX is any of:
1388 8086, 186, 286, 386, 486, 586, pentium, 686, PPro, P2, P3 or
1389 Katmai. All are case insensitive. All instructions will
1390 be selected only if they apply to the selected cpu or lower.
1391 Corrected a couple of bugs in cpu-dependence in 'insns.dat'.
1393 \b Added to 'standard.mac', the "use16" and "use32" forms of
1394 the "bits 16/32" directive. This is nothing new, just conforms
1395 to a lot of other assemblers. (minor)
1397 \b Changed label allocation from 320/32 (10000 labels @ 200K+)
1398 to 32/37 (1000 labels); makes running under DOS much easier.
1399 Since additional label space is allocated dynamically, this
1400 should have no effect on large programs with lots of labels.
1401 The 37 is a prime, believed to be better for hashing. (minor)
1404 \S{cl-0.98.03} Version 0.98.03
1406 "Integrated patchfile 0.98-0.98.01. I call this version 0.98.03 for
1407 historical reasons: 0.98.02 was trashed." --John Coffman
1408 <johninsd@san.rr.com>, 27-Jul-2000
1410 \b Kendall Bennett's SciTech MGL changes
1412 \b Note that you must define "TASM_COMPAT" at compile-time
1413 to get the Tasm Ideal Mode compatibility.
1415 \b All changes can be compiled in and out using the TASM_COMPAT macros,
1416 and when compiled without TASM_COMPAT defined we get the exact same
1417 binary as the unmodified 0.98 sources.
1419 \b standard.mac, macros.c: Added macros to ignore TASM directives before
1422 \b nasm.h: Added extern declaration for tasm_compatible_mode
1424 \b nasm.c: Added global variable tasm_compatible_mode
1426 \b Added command line switch for TASM compatible mode (-t)
1428 \b Changed version command line to reflect when compiled with TASM additions
1430 \b Added response file processing to allow all arguments on a single
1431 line (response file is @resp rather than -@resp for NASM format).
1433 \b labels.c: Changes islocal() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
1435 \b Added islocalchar() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
1437 \b parser.c: Added support for TASM style memory references (ie: mov
1438 [DWORD eax],10 rather than the NASM style mov DWORD [eax],10).
1440 \b preproc.c: Added new directives, \c{%arg}, \c{%local}, \c{%stacksize} to directives
1443 \b Added support for TASM style directives without a leading % symbol.
1445 \b Integrated a block of changes from Andrew Zabolotny <bit@eltech.ru>:
1447 \b A new keyword \c{%xdefine} and its case-insensitive counterpart \c{%ixdefine}.
1448 They work almost the same way as \c{%define} and \c{%idefine} but expand
1449 the definition immediately, not on the invocation. Something like a cross
1450 between \c{%define} and \c{%assign}. The "x" suffix stands for "eXpand", so
1451 "xdefine" can be deciphered as "expand-and-define". Thus you can do
1457 \c %xdefine %1 dword [esp+ofs]
1458 \c %assign ofs ofs+4
1461 \b Changed the place where the expansion of %$name macros are expanded.
1462 Now they are converted into ..@ctxnum.name form when detokenizing, so
1463 there are no quirks as before when using %$name arguments to macros,
1464 in macros etc. For example:
1473 Now last line will be expanded into "hello" as expected. This also allows
1474 for lots of goodies, a good example are extended "proc" macros included
1477 \b Added a check for "cstk" in smacro_defined() before calling get_ctx() -
1478 this allows for things like:
1483 to work without warnings even in no context.
1485 \b Added a check for "cstk" in %if*ctx and %elif*ctx directives -
1486 this allows to use \c{%ifctx} without excessive warnings. If there is
1487 no active context, \c{%ifctx} goes through "false" branch.
1489 \b Removed "user error: " prefix with \c{%error} directive: it just clobbers the
1490 output and has absolutely no functionality. Besides, this allows to write
1491 macros that does not differ from built-in functions in any way.
1493 \b Added expansion of string that is output by \c{%error} directive. Now you
1496 \c %define hello(x) Hello, x!
1498 \c %define %$name andy
1499 \c %error "hello(%$name)"
1501 Same happened with \c{%include} directive.
1503 \b Now all directives that expect an identifier will try to expand and
1504 concatenate everything without whitespaces in between before usage.
1505 For example, with "unfixed" nasm the commands
1507 \c %define %$abc hello
1508 \c %define __%$abc goodbye
1511 would produce "incorrect" output: last line will expand to
1513 \c hello goodbyehello
1515 Not quite what you expected, eh? :-) The answer is that preprocessor
1516 treats the \c{%define} construct as if it would be
1518 \c %define __ %$abc goodbye
1520 (note the white space between __ and %$abc). After my "fix" it
1521 will "correctly" expand into
1525 as expected. Note that I use quotes around words "correct", "incorrect"
1526 etc because this is rather a feature not a bug; however current behaviour
1527 is more logical (and allows more advanced macro usage :-).
1529 Same change was applied to:
1530 \c{%push},\c{%macro},\c{%imacro},\c{%define},\c{%idefine},\c{%xdefine},\c{%ixdefine},
1531 \c{%assign},\c{%iassign},\c{%undef}
1533 \b A new directive [WARNING {+|-}warning-id] have been added. It works only
1534 if the assembly phase is enabled (i.e. it doesn't work with nasm -e).
1536 \b A new warning type: macro-selfref. By default this warning is disabled;
1537 when enabled NASM warns when a macro self-references itself; for example
1538 the following source:
1540 \c [WARNING macro-selfref]
1551 will produce a warning, but if we remove the first line we won't see it
1552 anymore (which is The Right Thing To Do {tm} IMHO since C preprocessor
1553 eats such constructs without warnings at all).
1555 \b Added a "error" routine to preprocessor which always will set ERR_PASS1
1556 bit in severity_code. This removes annoying repeated errors on first
1557 and second passes from preprocessor.
1559 \b Added the %+ operator in single-line macros for concatenating two
1560 identifiers. Usage example:
1562 \c %define _myfunc _otherfunc
1563 \c %define cextern(x) _ %+ x
1566 After first expansion, third line will become "_myfunc". After this
1567 expansion is performed again so it becomes "_otherunc".
1569 \b Now if preprocessor is in a non-emitting state, no warning or error
1570 will be emitted. Example:
1575 \c put anything you want between these two brackets,
1576 \c even macro-parameter references %1 or local
1577 \c labels %$zz or macro-local labels %%zz - no
1578 \c warning will be emitted.
1581 \b Context-local variables on expansion as a last resort are looked up
1582 in outer contexts. For example, the following piece:
1585 \c %define %$a [esp]
1592 will expand correctly the fourth line to [esp]; if we'll define another
1593 %$a inside the "inner" context, it will take precedence over outer
1594 definition. However, this modification has been applied only to
1595 expand_smacro and not to smacro_define: as a consequence expansion
1596 looks in outer contexts, but \c{%ifdef} won't look in outer contexts.
1598 This behaviour is needed because we don't want nested contexts to
1599 act on already defined local macros. Example:
1601 \c %define %$arg1 [esp+4]
1607 In this example the "if" mmacro enters into the "if" context, so %$arg1
1608 is not valid anymore inside "if". Of course it could be worked around
1609 by using explicitely %$$arg1 but this is ugly IMHO.
1611 \b Fixed memory leak in \c{%undef}. The origline wasn't freed before
1614 \b Fixed trap in preprocessor when line expanded to empty set of tokens.
1615 This happens, for example, in the following case:
1617 \c #define SOMETHING
1621 \S{cl-0.98} Version 0.98
1623 All changes since NASM 0.98p3 have been produced by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>.
1625 \b The documentation comment delimiter is \# not #.
1627 \b Allow EQU definitions to refer to external labels; reported by
1630 \b Re-enable support for RDOFF v1; reported by Pedro Gimeno.
1632 \b Updated License file per OK from Simon and Julian.
1635 \S{cl-0.98p9} Version 0.98p9
1637 \b Update documentation (although the instruction set reference will
1638 have to wait; I don't want to hold up the 0.98 release for it.)
1640 \b Verified that the NASM implementation of the PEXTRW and PMOVMSKB
1641 instructions is correct. The encoding differs from what the Intel
1642 manuals document, but the Pentium III behaviour matches NASM, not
1645 \b Fix handling of implicit sizes in PSHUFW and PINSRW, reported by
1648 \b Resurrect the -s option, which was removed when changing the
1649 diagnostic output to stdout.
1652 \S{cl-0.98p8} Version 0.98p8
1654 \b Fix for "DB" when NASM is running on a bigendian machine.
1656 \b Invoke insns.pl once for each output script, making Makefile.in
1657 legal for "make -j".
1659 \b Improve the Unix configure-based makefiles to make package
1662 \b Included an RPM .spec file for building RPM (RedHat Package Manager)
1663 packages on Linux or Unix systems.
1665 \b Fix Makefile dependency problems.
1667 \b Change src/rdsrc.pl to include sectioning information in info
1668 output; required for install-info to work.
1670 \b Updated the RDOFF distribution to version 2 from Jules; minor
1671 massaging to make it compile in my environment.
1673 \b Split doc files that can be built by anyone with a Perl interpreter off
1674 into a separate archive.
1676 \b "Dress rehearsal" release!
1679 \S{cl-0.98p7} Version 0.98p7
1681 \b Fixed opcodes with a third byte-sized immediate argument to not
1682 complain if given "byte" on the immediate.
1684 \b Allow \c{%undef} to remove single-line macros with arguments. This
1685 matches the behaviour of #undef in the C preprocessor.
1687 \b Allow -d, -u, -i and -p to be specified as -D, -U, -I and -P for
1688 compatibility with most C compilers and preprocessors. This allows
1689 Makefile options to be shared between cc and nasm, for example.
1693 \b Went through the list of Katmai instructions and hopefully fixed the
1694 (rather few) mistakes in it.
1696 \b (Hopefully) fixed a number of disassembler bugs related to ambiguous
1697 instructions (disambiguated by -p) and SSE instructions with REP.
1699 \b Fix for bug reported by Mark Junger: "call dword 0x12345678" should
1700 work and may add an OSP (affected CALL, JMP, Jcc).
1702 \b Fix for environments when "stderr" isn't a compile-time constant.
1705 \S{cl-0.98p6} Version 0.98p6
1708 \b Took officially over coordination of the 0.98 release; so drop
1709 the p3.x notation. Skipped p4 and p5 to avoid confusion with John
1710 Fine's J4 and J5 releases.
1712 \b Update the documentation; however, it still doesn't include
1713 documentation for the various new instructions. I somehow wonder if
1714 it makes sense to have an instruction set reference in the assembler
1715 manual when Intel et al have PDF versions of their manuals online.
1717 \b Recognize "idt" or "centaur" for the -p option to ndisasm.
1719 \b Changed error messages back to stderr where they belong, but add an
1720 -E option to redirect them elsewhere (the DOS shell cannot redirect
1723 \b -M option to generate Makefile dependencies (based on code from Alex
1726 \b \c{%undef} preprocessor directive, and -u option, that undefines a
1729 \b OS/2 Makefile (Mkfiles/Makefile.os2) for Borland under OS/2; from
1732 \b Various minor bugfixes (reported by):
1733 - Dangling \c{%s} in preproc.c (Martin Junker)
1735 \b THERE ARE KNOWN BUGS IN SSE AND THE OTHER KATMAI INSTRUCTIONS. I am
1736 on a trip and didn't bring the Katmai instruction reference, so I
1737 can't work on them right now.
1739 \b Updated the License file per agreement with Simon and Jules to
1740 include a GPL distribution clause.
1743 \S{cl-0.98p3.7} Version 0.98p3.7
1745 \b (Hopefully) fixed the canned Makefiles to include the outrdf2 and
1748 \b Renamed changes.asm to changed.asm.
1751 \S{cl-0.98p3.6} Version 0.98p3.6
1753 \b Fixed a bunch of instructions that were added in 0.98p3.5 which had
1754 memory operands, and the address-size prefix was missing from the
1755 instruction pattern.
1758 \S{cl-0.98p3.5} Version 0.98p3.5
1760 \b Merged in changes from John S. Fine's 0.98-J5 release. John's based
1761 0.98-J5 on my 0.98p3.3 release; this merges the changes.
1763 \b Expanded the instructions flag field to a long so we can fit more
1764 flags; mark SSE (KNI) and AMD or Katmai-specific instructions as
1767 \b Fix the "PRIV" flag on a bunch of instructions, and create new
1768 "PROT" flag for protected-mode-only instructions (orthogonal to if
1769 the instruction is privileged!) and new "SMM" flag for SMM-only
1772 \b Added AMD-only SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions.
1774 \b Make SSE actually work, and add new Katmai MMX instructions.
1776 \b Added a -p (preferred vendor) option to ndisasm so that it can
1777 distinguish e.g. Cyrix opcodes also used in SSE. For example:
1779 \c ndisasm -p cyrix aliased.bin
1780 \c 00000000 670F514310 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x10]
1781 \c 00000005 670F514320 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x20]
1782 \c ndisasm -p intel aliased.bin
1783 \c 00000000 670F514310 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x10]
1784 \c 00000005 670F514320 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x20]
1786 \b Added a bunch of Cyrix-specific instructions.
1789 \S{cl-0.98p3.4} Version 0.98p3.4
1791 \b Made at least an attempt to modify all the additional Makefiles (in
1792 the Mkfiles directory). I can't test it, but this was the best I
1795 \b DOS DJGPP+"Opus Make" Makefile from John S. Fine.
1797 \b changes.asm changes from John S. Fine.
1800 \S{cl-0.98p3.3} Version 0.98p3.3
1802 \b Patch from Conan Brink to allow nesting of \c{%rep} directives.
1804 \b If we're going to allow INT01 as an alias for INT1/ICEBP (one of
1805 Jules 0.98p3 changes), then we should allow INT03 as an alias for INT3
1808 \b Updated changes.asm to include the latest changes.
1810 \b Tried to clean up the <CR>s that had snuck in from a DOS/Windows
1811 environment into my Unix environment, and try to make sure than
1812 DOS/Windows users get them back.
1814 \b We would silently generate broken tools if insns.dat wasn't sorted
1815 properly. Change insns.pl so that the order doesn't matter.
1817 \b Fix bug in insns.pl (introduced by me) which would cause conditional
1818 instructions to have an extra "cc" in disassembly, e.g. "jnz"
1819 disassembled as "jccnz".
1822 \S{cl-0.98p3.2} Version 0.98p3.2
1824 \b Merged in John S. Fine's changes from his 0.98-J4 prerelease; see
1825 http://www.csoft.net/cz/johnfine/
1827 \b Changed previous "spotless" Makefile target (appropriate for distribution)
1828 to "distclean", and added "cleaner" target which is same as "clean"
1829 except deletes files generated by Perl scripts; "spotless" is union.
1831 \b Removed BASIC programs from distribution. Get a Perl interpreter
1832 instead (see below.)
1834 \b Calling this "pre-release 3.2" rather than "p3-hpa2" because of
1835 John's contributions.
1837 \b Actually link in the IEEE output format (zoutieee.c); fix a bunch of
1838 compiler warnings in that file. Note I don't know what IEEE output
1839 is supposed to look like, so these changes were made "blind".
1842 \S{cl-0.98p3-hpa} Version 0.98p3-hpa
1844 \b Merged nasm098p3.zip with nasm-0.97.tar.gz to create a fully
1845 buildable version for Unix systems (Makefile.in updates, etc.)
1847 \b Changed insns.pl to create the instruction tables in nasm.h and
1848 names.c, so that a new instruction can be added by adding it *only*
1851 \b Added the following new instructions: SYSENTER, SYSEXIT, FXSAVE,
1852 FXRSTOR, UD1, UD2 (the latter two are two opcodes that Intel
1853 guarantee will never be used; one of them is documented as UD2 in
1854 Intel documentation, the other one just as "Undefined Opcode" --
1855 calling it UD1 seemed to make sense.)
1857 \b MAX_SYMBOL was defined to be 9, but LOADALL286 and LOADALL386 are 10
1858 characters long. Now MAX_SYMBOL is derived from insns.dat.
1860 \b A note on the BASIC programs included: forget them. insns.bas is
1861 already out of date. Get yourself a Perl interpreter for your
1862 platform of choice at
1863 \W{http://www.cpan.org/ports/index.html}{http://www.cpan.org/ports/index.html}.
1866 \S{cl-0.98p3} Version 0.98 pre-release 3
1868 \b added response file support, improved command line handling, new layout
1871 \b fixed limit checking bug, 'OUT byte nn, reg' bug, and a couple of rdoff
1872 related bugs, updated Wishlist; 0.98 Prerelease 3.
1875 \S{cl-0.98p2} Version 0.98 pre-release 2
1877 \b fixed bug in outcoff.c to do with truncating section names longer
1878 than 8 characters, referencing beyond end of string; 0.98 pre-release 2
1881 \S{cl-0.98p1} Version 0.98 pre-release 1
1883 \b Fixed a bug whereby STRUC didn't work at all in RDF.
1885 \b Fixed a problem with group specification in PUBDEFs in OBJ.
1887 \b Improved ease of adding new output formats. Contribution due to
1890 \b Fixed a bug in relocations in the `bin' format: was showing up when
1891 a relocatable reference crossed an 8192-byte boundary in any output
1894 \b Fixed a bug in local labels: local-label lookups were inconsistent
1895 between passes one and two if an EQU occurred between the definition
1896 of a global label and the subsequent use of a local label local to
1899 \b Fixed a seg-fault in the preprocessor (again) which happened when
1900 you use a blank line as the first line of a multi-line macro
1901 definition and then defined a label on the same line as a call to
1904 \b Fixed a stale-pointer bug in the handling of the NASM environment
1905 variable. Thanks to Thomas McWilliams.
1907 \b ELF had a hard limit on the number of sections which caused
1908 segfaults when transgressed. Fixed.
1910 \b Added ability for ndisasm to read from stdin by using `-' as the
1913 \b ndisasm wasn't outputting the TO keyword. Fixed.
1915 \b Fixed error cascade on bogus expression in \c{%if} - an error in
1916 evaluation was causing the entire \c{%if} to be discarded, thus creating
1917 trouble later when the \c{%else} or \c{%endif} was encountered.
1919 \b Forward reference tracking was instruction-granular not operand-
1920 granular, which was causing 286-specific code to be generated
1921 needlessly on code of the form `shr word [forwardref],1'. Thanks to
1922 Jim Hague for sending a patch.
1924 \b All messages now appear on stdout, as sending them to stderr serves
1925 no useful purpose other than to make redirection difficult.
1927 \b Fixed the problem with EQUs pointing to an external symbol - this
1928 now generates an error message.
1930 \b Allowed multiple size prefixes to an operand, of which only the first
1931 is taken into account.
1933 \b Incorporated John Fine's changes, including fixes of a large number
1934 of preprocessor bugs, some small problems in OBJ, and a reworking of
1935 label handling to define labels before their line is assembled, rather
1938 \b Reformatted a lot of the source code to be more readable. Included
1939 'coding.txt' as a guideline for how to format code for contributors.
1941 \b Stopped nested \c{%reps} causing a panic - they now cause a slightly more
1942 friendly error message instead.
1944 \b Fixed floating point constant problems (patch by Pedro Gimeno)
1946 \b Fixed the return value of insn_size() not being checked for -1, indicating
1949 \b Incorporated 3Dnow! instructions.
1951 \b Fixed the 'mov eax, eax + ebx' bug.
1953 \b Fixed the GLOBAL EQU bug in ELF. Released developers release 3.
1955 \b Incorporated John Fine's command line parsing changes
1957 \b Incorporated David Lindauer's OMF debug support
1959 \b Made changes for LCC 4.0 support (\c{__NASM_CDecl__}, removed register size
1960 specification warning when sizes agree).
1963 \H{cl-0.9x} NASM 0.9 Series
1965 Revisions before 0.98.
1968 \S{cl-0.97} Version 0.97 released December 1997
1970 \b This was entirely a bug-fix release to 0.96, which seems to have got
1973 \b Fixed stupid mistake in OBJ which caused `MOV EAX,<constant>' to
1974 fail. Caused by an error in the `MOV EAX,<segment>' support.
1976 \b ndisasm hung at EOF when compiled with lcc on Linux because lcc on
1977 Linux somehow breaks feof(). ndisasm now does not rely on feof().
1979 \b A heading in the documentation was missing due to a markup error in
1980 the indexing. Fixed.
1982 \b Fixed failure to update all pointers on realloc() within extended-
1983 operand code in parser.c. Was causing wrong behaviour and seg faults
1984 on lines such as `dd 0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,...'
1986 \b Fixed a subtle preprocessor bug whereby invoking one multi-line
1987 macro on the first line of the expansion of another, when the second
1988 had been invoked with a label defined before it, didn't expand the
1991 \b Added internal.doc back in to the distribution archives - it was
1992 missing in 0.96 *blush*
1994 \b Fixed bug causing 0.96 to be unable to assemble its own test files,
1995 specifically objtest.asm. *blush again*
1997 \b Fixed seg-faults and bogus error messages caused by mismatching
1998 \c{%rep} and \c{%endrep} within multi-line macro definitions.
2000 \b Fixed a problem with buffer overrun in OBJ, which was causing
2001 corruption at ends of long PUBDEF records.
2003 \b Separated DOS archives into main-program and documentation to reduce
2007 \S{cl-0.96} Version 0.96 released November 1997
2009 \b Fixed a bug whereby, if `nasm sourcefile' would cause a filename
2010 collision warning and put output into `nasm.out', then `nasm
2011 sourcefile -o outputfile' still gave the warning even though the
2013 Fixed name pollution under Digital UNIX: one of its header files
2014 defined R_SP, which broke the enum in nasm.h.
2016 \b Fixed minor instruction table problems: FUCOM and FUCOMP didn't have
2017 two-operand forms; NDISASM didn't recognise the longer register
2018 forms of PUSH and POP (eg FF F3 for PUSH BX); TEST mem,imm32 was
2019 flagged as undocumented; the 32-bit forms of CMOV had 16-bit operand
2020 size prefixes; `AAD imm' and `AAM imm' are no longer flagged as
2021 undocumented because the Intel Architecture reference documents
2024 \b Fixed a problem with the local-label mechanism, whereby strange
2025 types of symbol (EQUs, auto-defined OBJ segment base symbols)
2026 interfered with the `previous global label' value and screwed up
2029 \b Fixed a bug whereby the stub preprocessor didn't communicate with
2030 the listing file generator, so that the -a and -l options in
2031 conjunction would produce a useless listing file.
2033 \b Merged `os2' object file format back into `obj', after discovering
2034 that `obj' _also_ shouldn't have a link pass separator in a module
2035 containing a non-trivial MODEND. Flat segments are now declared
2036 using the FLAT attribute. `os2' is no longer a valid object format
2039 \b Removed the fixed-size temporary storage in the evaluator. Very very
2040 long expressions (like `mov ax,1+1+1+1+...' for two hundred 1s or
2041 so) should now no longer crash NASM.
2043 \b Fixed a bug involving segfaults on disassembly of MMX instructions,
2044 by changing the meaning of one of the operand-type flags in nasm.h.
2045 This may cause other apparently unrelated MMX problems; it needs to
2046 be tested thoroughly.
2048 \b Fixed some buffer overrun problems with large OBJ output files.
2049 Thanks to DJ Delorie for the bug report and fix.
2051 \b Made preprocess-only mode actually listen to the \c{%line} markers as it
2052 prints them, so that it can report errors more sanely.
2054 \b Re-designed the evaluator to keep more sensible track of expressions
2055 involving forward references: can now cope with previously-nightmare
2062 \b Added the ALIGN and ALIGNB standard macros.
2064 \b Added PIC support in ELF: use of WRT to obtain the four extra
2065 relocation types needed.
2067 \b Added the ability for output file formats to define their own
2068 extensions to the GLOBAL, COMMON and EXTERN directives.
2070 \b Implemented common-variable alignment, and global-symbol type and
2071 size declarations, in ELF.
2073 \b Implemented NEAR and FAR keywords for common variables, plus
2074 far-common element size specification, in OBJ.
2076 \b Added a feature whereby EXTERNs and COMMONs in OBJ can be given a
2077 default WRT specification (either a segment or a group).
2079 \b Transformed the Unix NASM archive into an auto-configuring package.
2081 \b Added a sanity-check for people applying SEG to things which are
2082 already segment bases: this previously went unnoticed by the SEG
2083 processing and caused OBJ-driver panics later.
2085 \b Added the ability, in OBJ format, to deal with `MOV EAX,<segment>'
2086 type references: OBJ doesn't directly support dword-size segment
2087 base fixups, but as long as the low two bytes of the constant term
2088 are zero, a word-size fixup can be generated instead and it will
2091 \b Added the ability to specify sections' alignment requirements in
2092 Win32 object files and pure binary files.
2094 \b Added preprocess-time expression evaluation: the \c{%assign} (and
2095 \c{%iassign}) directive and the bare \c{%if} (and \c{%elif}) conditional. Added
2096 relational operators to the evaluator, for use only in \c{%if}
2097 constructs: the standard relationals = < > <= >= <> (and C-like
2098 synonyms == and !=) plus low-precedence logical operators &&, ^^ and
2101 \b Added a preprocessor repeat construct: \c{%rep} / \c{%exitrep} / \c{%endrep}.
2103 \b Added the __FILE__ and __LINE__ standard macros.
2105 \b Added a sanity check for number constants being greater than
2106 0xFFFFFFFF. The warning can be disabled.
2108 \b Added the %0 token whereby a variadic multi-line macro can tell how
2109 many parameters it's been given in a specific invocation.
2111 \b Added \c{%rotate}, allowing multi-line macro parameters to be cycled.
2113 \b Added the `*' option for the maximum parameter count on multi-line
2114 macros, allowing them to take arbitrarily many parameters.
2116 \b Added the ability for the user-level forms of EXTERN, GLOBAL and
2117 COMMON to take more than one argument.
2119 \b Added the IMPORT and EXPORT directives in OBJ format, to deal with
2122 \b Added some more preprocessor \c{%if} constructs: \c{%ifidn} / \c{%ifidni} (exact
2123 textual identity), and \c{%ifid} / \c{%ifnum} / \c{%ifstr} (token type testing).
2125 \b Added the ability to distinguish SHL AX,1 (the 8086 version) from
2126 SHL AX,BYTE 1 (the 286-and-upwards version whose constant happens to
2129 \b Added NetBSD/FreeBSD/OpenBSD's variant of a.out format, complete
2130 with PIC shared library features.
2132 \b Changed NASM's idiosyncratic handling of FCLEX, FDISI, FENI, FINIT,
2133 FSAVE, FSTCW, FSTENV, and FSTSW to bring it into line with the
2134 otherwise accepted standard. The previous behaviour, though it was a
2135 deliberate feature, was a deliberate feature based on a
2136 misunderstanding. Apologies for the inconvenience.
2138 \b Improved the flexibility of ABSOLUTE: you can now give it an
2139 expression rather than being restricted to a constant, and it can
2140 take relocatable arguments as well.
2142 \b Added the ability for a variable to be declared as EXTERN multiple
2143 times, and the subsequent definitions are just ignored.
2145 \b We now allow instruction prefixes (CS, DS, LOCK, REPZ etc) to be
2146 alone on a line (without a following instruction).
2148 \b Improved sanity checks on whether the arguments to EXTERN, GLOBAL
2149 and COMMON are valid identifiers.
2151 \b Added misc/exebin.mac to allow direct generation of .EXE files by
2152 hacking up an EXE header using DB and DW; also added test/binexe.asm
2153 to demonstrate the use of this. Thanks to Yann Guidon for
2154 contributing the EXE header code.
2156 \b ndisasm forgot to check whether the input file had been successfully
2157 opened. Now it does. Doh!
2159 \b Added the Cyrix extensions to the MMX instruction set.
2161 \b Added a hinting mechanism to allow [EAX+EBX] and [EBX+EAX] to be
2162 assembled differently. This is important since [ESI+EBP] and
2163 [EBP+ESI] have different default base segment registers.
2165 \b Added support for the PharLap OMF extension for 4096-byte segment
2169 \S{cl-0.95 released July 1997} Version 0.95 released July 1997
2171 \b Fixed yet another ELF bug. This one manifested if the user relied on
2172 the default segment, and attempted to define global symbols without
2173 first explicitly declaring the target segment.
2175 \b Added makefiles (for NASM and the RDF tools) to build Win32 console
2176 apps under Symantec C++. Donated by Mark Junker.
2178 \b Added `macros.bas' and `insns.bas', QBasic versions of the Perl
2179 scripts that convert `standard.mac' to `macros.c' and convert
2180 `insns.dat' to `insnsa.c' and `insnsd.c'. Also thanks to Mark
2183 \b Changed the diassembled forms of the conditional instructions so
2184 that JB is now emitted as JC, and other similar changes. Suggested
2185 list by Ulrich Doewich.
2187 \b Added `@' to the list of valid characters to begin an identifier
2190 \b Documentary changes, notably the addition of the `Common Problems'
2191 section in nasm.doc.
2193 \b Fixed a bug relating to 32-bit PC-relative fixups in OBJ.
2195 \b Fixed a bug in perm_copy() in labels.c which was causing exceptions
2196 in cleanup_labels() on some systems.
2198 \b Positivity sanity check in TIMES argument changed from a warning to
2199 an error following a further complaint.
2201 \b Changed the acceptable limits on byte and word operands to allow
2202 things like `~10111001b' to work.
2204 \b Fixed a major problem in the preprocessor which caused seg-faults if
2205 macro definitions contained blank lines or comment-only lines.
2207 \b Fixed inadequate error checking on the commas separating the
2208 arguments to `db', `dw' etc.
2210 \b Fixed a crippling bug in the handling of macros with operand counts
2211 defined with a `+' modifier.
2213 \b Fixed a bug whereby object file formats which stored the input file
2214 name in the output file (such as OBJ and COFF) weren't doing so
2215 correctly when the output file name was specified on the command
2218 \b Removed [INC] and [INCLUDE] support for good, since they were
2221 \b Fixed a bug in OBJ which caused all fixups to be output in 16-bit
2222 (old-format) FIXUPP records, rather than putting the 32-bit ones in
2223 FIXUPP32 (new-format) records.
2225 \b Added, tentatively, OS/2 object file support (as a minor variant on
2228 \b Updates to Fox Cutter's Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2.
2230 \b Removed a spurious second fclose() on the output file.
2232 \b Added the `-s' command line option to redirect all messages which
2233 would go to stderr (errors, help text) to stdout instead.
2235 \b Added the `-w' command line option to selectively suppress some
2236 classes of assembly warning messages.
2238 \b Added the `-p' pre-include and `-d' pre-define command-line options.
2240 \b Added an include file search path: the `-i' command line option.
2242 \b Fixed a silly little preprocessor bug whereby starting a line with a
2243 `%!' environment-variable reference caused an `unknown directive'
2246 \b Added the long-awaited listing file support: the `-l' command line
2249 \b Fixed a problem with OBJ format whereby, in the absence of any
2250 explicit segment definition, non-global symbols declared in the
2251 implicit default segment generated spurious EXTDEF records in the
2254 \b Added the NASM environment variable.
2256 \b From this version forward, Win32 console-mode binaries will be
2257 included in the DOS distribution in addition to the 16-bit binaries.
2258 Added Makefile.vc for this purpose.
2260 \b Added `return 0;' to test/objlink.c to prevent compiler warnings.
2262 \b Added the __NASM_MAJOR__ and __NASM_MINOR__ standard defines.
2264 \b Added an alternative memory-reference syntax in which prefixing an
2265 operand with `&' is equivalent to enclosing it in square brackets,
2266 at the request of Fox Cutter.
2268 \b Errors in pass two now cause the program to return a non-zero error
2269 code, which they didn't before.
2271 \b Fixed the single-line macro cycle detection, which didn't work at
2272 all on macros with no parameters (caused an infinite loop). Also
2273 changed the behaviour of single-line macro cycle detection to work
2274 like cpp, so that macros like `extrn' as given in the documentation
2277 \b Fixed the implementation of WRT, which was too restrictive in that
2278 you couldn't do `mov ax,[di+abc wrt dgroup]' because (di+abc) wasn't
2279 a relocatable reference.
2282 \S{cl-0.94 released April 1997} Version 0.94 released April 1997
2285 \b Major item: added the macro processor.
2287 \b Added undocumented instructions SMI, IBTS, XBTS and LOADALL286. Also
2288 reorganised CMPXCHG instruction into early-486 and Pentium forms.
2289 Thanks to Thobias Jones for the information.
2291 \b Fixed two more stupid bugs in ELF, which were causing `ld' to
2292 continue to seg-fault in a lot of non-trivial cases.
2294 \b Fixed a seg-fault in the label manager.
2296 \b Stopped FBLD and FBSTP from _requiring_ the TWORD keyword, which is
2297 the only option for BCD loads/stores in any case.
2299 \b Ensured FLDCW, FSTCW and FSTSW can cope with the WORD keyword, if
2300 anyone bothers to provide it. Previously they complained unless no
2301 keyword at all was present.
2303 \b Some forms of FDIV/FDIVR and FSUB/FSUBR were still inverted: a
2304 vestige of a bug that I thought had been fixed in 0.92. This was
2305 fixed, hopefully for good this time...
2307 \b Another minor phase error (insofar as a phase error can _ever_ be
2308 minor) fixed, this one occurring in code of the form
2310 \c rol ax,forward_reference
2311 \c forward_reference equ 1
2313 \b The number supplied to TIMES is now sanity-checked for positivity,
2314 and also may be greater than 64K (which previously didn't work on
2317 \b Added Watcom C makefiles, and misc/pmw.bat, donated by Dominik Behr.
2319 \b Added the INCBIN pseudo-opcode.
2321 \b Due to the advent of the preprocessor, the [INCLUDE] and [INC]
2322 directives have become obsolete. They are still supported in this
2323 version, with a warning, but won't be in the next.
2325 \b Fixed a bug in OBJ format, which caused incorrect object records to
2326 be output when absolute labels were made global.
2328 \b Updates to RDOFF subdirectory, and changes to outrdf.c.
2331 \S{cl-0.93 released January 1997} Version 0.93 released January 1997
2333 This release went out in a great hurry after semi-crippling bugs
2336 \b Really \e{did} fix the stack overflows this time. *blush*
2338 \b Had problems with EA instruction sizes changing between passes, when
2339 an offset contained a forward reference and so 4 bytes were
2340 allocated for the offset in pass one; by pass two the symbol had
2341 been defined and happened to be a small absolute value, so only 1
2342 byte got allocated, causing instruction size mismatch between passes
2343 and hence incorrect address calculations. Fixed.
2345 \b Stupid bug in the revised ELF section generation fixed (associated
2346 string-table section for .symtab was hard-coded as 7, even when this
2347 didn't fit with the real section table). Was causing `ld' to
2348 seg-fault under Linux.
2350 \b Included a new Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2, donated by Fox
2351 Cutter <lmb@comtch.iea.com>.
2354 \S{cl-0.92 released January 1997} Version 0.92 released January 1997
2356 \b The FDIVP/FDIVRP and FSUBP/FSUBRP pairs had been inverted: this was
2357 fixed. This also affected the LCC driver.
2359 \b Fixed a bug regarding 32-bit effective addresses of the form
2360 \c{[other_register+ESP]}.
2362 \b Documentary changes, notably documentation of the fact that Borland
2363 Win32 compilers use `obj' rather than `win32' object format.
2365 \b Fixed the COMENT record in OBJ files, which was formatted
2368 \b Fixed a bug causing segfaults in large RDF files.
2370 \b OBJ format now strips initial periods from segment and group
2371 definitions, in order to avoid complications with the local label
2374 \b Fixed a bug in disassembling far calls and jumps in NDISASM.
2376 \b Added support for user-defined sections in COFF and ELF files.
2378 \b Compiled the DOS binaries with a sensible amount of stack, to
2379 prevent stack overflows on any arithmetic expression containing
2382 \b Fixed a bug in handling of files that do not terminate in a newline.
2385 \S{cl-0.91 released November 1996} Version 0.91 released November 1996
2387 \b Loads of bug fixes.
2389 \b Support for RDF added.
2391 \b Support for DBG debugging format added.
2393 \b Support for 32-bit extensions to Microsoft OBJ format added.
2395 \b Revised for Borland C: some variable names changed, makefile added.
2397 \b LCC support revised to actually work.
2399 \b JMP/CALL NEAR/FAR notation added.
2401 \b `a16', `o16', `a32' and `o32' prefixes added.
2403 \b Range checking on short jumps implemented.
2405 \b MMX instruction support added.
2407 \b Negative floating point constant support added.
2409 \b Memory handling improved to bypass 64K barrier under DOS.
2411 \b \c{$} prefix to force treatment of reserved words as identifiers added.
2413 \b Default-size mechanism for object formats added.
2415 \b Compile-time configurability added.
2417 \b \c{#}, \c{@}, \c{~} and c\{?} are now valid characters in labels.
2419 \b \c{-e} and \c{-k} options in NDISASM added.
2422 \S{cl-0.90 released October 1996} Version 0.90 released October 1996
2424 First release version. First support for object file output. Other
2425 changes from previous version (0.3x) too numerous to document.