2 \# NASM revision history in nasmdoc format
5 \H{cl-2.xx} NASM 2 Series
7 The NASM 2 series supports x86-64, and is the production version of NASM
11 \S{cl-2.12.01} Version 2.12.01
13 \b Portability fixes for some platforms.
15 \b Fix error when not specifying a list file.
18 \S{cl-2.12} Version 2.12
20 \b Major fixes to the \c{macho} backend (\k{machofmt}); earlier versions
21 would produce invalid symbols and relocations on a regular basis.
23 \b Support for thread-local storage in Mach-O.
25 \b Support for arbitrary sections in Mach-O.
27 \b Fix wrong negative size treated as a big positive value passed into
28 backend causing NASM to crash.
30 \b Fix handling of zero-extending unsigned relocations, we have been printing
31 wrong message and forgot to assign segment with predefined value before
32 passing it into output format.
34 \b Fix potential write of oversized (with size greater than allowed in
35 output format) relative relocations.
37 \b Portability fixes for building NASM with LLVM compiler.
39 \b Add support of Codeview version 8 (\c{cv8}) debug format for
40 \c{win32} and \c{win64} formats in the \c{COFF} backend,
43 \b Allow 64-bit outputs in 16/32-bit only backends. Unsigned 64-bit
44 relocations are zero-extended from 32-bits with a warning
45 (suppressible via \c{-w-zext-reloc}); signed 64-bit relocations are
48 \b Line numbers in list files now correspond to the lines in the source
49 files, instead of simply being sequential.
51 \b There is now an official 64-bit (x64 a.k.a. x86-64) build for Windows.
54 \S{cl-2.11.09} Version 2.11.09
56 \b Fix potential stack overwrite in \c{macho32} backend.
58 \b Fix relocation records in \c{macho64} backend.
60 \b Fix symbol lookup computation in \c{macho64} backend.
62 \b Adjust \c{.symtab} and \c{.rela.text} sections alignments to 8 bytes
65 \b Fix section length computation in \c{bin} backend which leaded in incorrect
68 \S{cl-2.11.08} Version 2.11.08
70 \b Fix section length computation in \c{bin} backend which leaded in incorrect
73 \b Add a warning for numeric preprocessor definitions passed via command
74 line which might have unexpected results otherwise.
76 \b Add ability to specify a module name record in \c{rdoff} linker with
79 \b Increase label length capacity up to 256 bytes in \c{rdoff} backend for
80 FreePascal sake, which tends to generate very long labels for procedures.
82 \b Fix segmentation failure when rip addressing is used in \c{macho64} backend.
84 \b Fix access on out of memory when handling strings with a single
85 grave. We have sixed similar problem in previous release but not
86 all cases were covered.
88 \b Fix NULL dereference in disassembled on \c{BND} instruction.
90 \S{cl-2.11.07} Version 2.11.07
92 \b Fix 256 bit \c{VMOVNTPS} instruction.
94 \b Fix \c{-MD} option handling, which was rather broken in previous
95 release changing command line api.
97 \b Fix access to unitialized space when handling strings with
100 \b Fix nil dereference in handling memory reference parsing.
102 \S{cl-2.11.06} Version 2.11.06
104 \b Update AVX512 instructions based on the Extension Reference (319433-021 Sept
107 \b Fix the behavior of \c{-MF} and \c{-MD} options (Bugzilla 3392280)
109 \b Updated Win32 Makefile to fix issue with build
111 \S{cl-2.11.05} Version 2.11.05
113 \b Add \c{--v} as an alias for \c{-v} (see \k{opt-v}), for
114 command-line compatibility with Yasm.
116 \b Fix a bug introduced in 2.11.03 whereby certain instructions would
117 contain multiple REX prefixes, and thus be corrupt.
119 \S{cl-2.11.04} Version 2.11.04
121 \b Removed an invalid error checking code. Sometimes a memref only with
122 a displacement can also set an evex flag. For example:
124 \c vmovdqu32 [0xabcd]{k1}, zmm0
126 \b Fixed a bug in disassembler that EVEX.L'L vector length was not matched
127 when EVEX.b was set because it was simply considered as EVEC.RC.
128 Separated EVEX.L'L case from EVEX.RC which is ignored in matching.
130 \S{cl-2.11.03} Version 2.11.03
132 \b Fix a bug there REX prefixes were missing on instructions inside a
135 \S{cl-2.11.02} Version 2.11.02
137 \b Add the \c{XSAVEC}, \c{XSAVES} and \c{XRSTORS} family instructions.
139 \b Add the \c{CLFLUSHOPT} instruction.
141 \S{cl-2.11.01} Version 2.11.01
143 \b Allow instructions which implicitly uses \c{XMM0} (\c{VBLENDVPD},
144 \c{VBLENDVPS}, \c{PBLENDVB} and \c{SHA256RNDS2}) to be specified
145 without an explicit \c{xmm0} on the assembly line. In other words,
146 the following two lines produce the same output:
148 \c vblendvpd xmm2,xmm1,xmm0 ; Last operand is fixed xmm0
149 \c vblendvpd xmm2,xmm1 ; Implicit xmm0 omitted
151 \b In the ELF backends, don't crash the assembler if \c{section align}
152 is specified without a value.
154 \S{cl-2.11} Version 2.11
156 \b Add support for the Intel AVX-512 instruction set:
158 \b 16 new, 512-bit SIMD registers. Total 32 \c{(ZMM0 ~ ZMM31)}
160 \b 8 new opmask registers \c{(K0 ~ K7)}. One of 7 registers \c{(K1 ~ K7)} can
161 be used as an opmask for conditional execution.
163 \b A new EVEX encoding prefix. EVEX is based on VEX and provides more
164 capabilities: opmasks, broadcasting, embedded rounding and compressed
168 \c VDIVPD zmm0{k1}{z}, zmm1, zmm3 ; conditional vector operation
169 \c ; using opmask k1.
170 \c ; {z} is for zero-masking
172 \c VDIVPS zmm4, zmm5, [rbx]{1to16} ; load single-precision float and
173 \c ; replicate it 16 times. 32 * 16 = 512
174 \c - embedded rounding
175 \c VCVTSI2SD xmm6, xmm7, {rz-sae}, rax ; round toward zero. note that it
176 \c ; is used as if a separate operand.
177 \c ; it comes after the last SIMD operand
179 \b Add support for \c{ZWORD} (512 bits), \c{DZ} and \c{RESZ}.
181 \b Add support for the MPX and SHA instruction sets.
183 \b Better handling of section redefinition.
185 \b Generate manpages when running \c{'make dist'}.
187 \b Handle all token chains in mmacro params range.
189 \b Support split [base,index] effective address:
191 \c mov eax,[eax+8,ecx*4] ; eax=base, ecx=index, 4=scale, 8=disp
193 This is expected to be most useful for the MPX instructions.
195 \b Support \c{BND} prefix for branch instructions (for MPX).
197 \b The \c{DEFAULT} directive can now take \c{BND} and \c{NOBND}
198 options to indicate whether all relevant branches should be getting
199 \c{BND} prefixes. This is expected to be the normal for use in MPX
202 \b Add \c{{evex}}, \c{{vex3}} and \c{{vex2}} instruction prefixes to
203 have NASM encode the corresponding instruction, if possible, with an EVEX,
204 3-byte VEX, or 2-byte VEX prefix, respectively.
206 \b Support for section names longer than 8 bytes in Win32/Win64 COFF.
208 \b The \c{NOSPLIT} directive by itself no longer forces a single
209 register to become an index register, unless it has an explicit
212 \c mov eax,[nosplit eax] ; eax as base register
213 \c mov eax,[nosplit eax*1] ; eax as index register
215 \S{cl-2.10.09} Version 2.10.09
217 \b Pregenerate man pages.
219 \S{cl-2.10.08} Version 2.10.08
221 \b Fix \c{VMOVNTDQA}, \c{MOVNTDQA} and \c{MOVLPD} instructions.
223 \b Fix collision for \c{VGATHERQPS}, \c{VPGATHERQD} instructions.
225 \b Fix \c{VPMOVSXBQ}, \c{VGATHERQPD}, \c{VSPLLW} instructions.
227 \b Add a bunch of AMD TBM instructions.
229 \b Fix potential stack overwrite in numbers conversion.
231 \b Allow byte size in \c{PREFETCHTx} instructions.
233 \b Make manual pages up to date.
235 \b Make \c{F3} and \c{F2} SSE prefixes to override \c{66}.
237 \b Support of AMD SVM instructions in 32 bit mode.
239 \b Fix near offsets code generation for \c{JMP}, \c{CALL} instrictions
242 \b Fix preprocessor parse regression when id is expanding to a whitespace.
244 \S{cl-2.10.07} Version 2.10.07
246 \b Fix line continuation parsing being broken in previous version.
248 \S{cl-2.10.06} Version 2.10.06
250 \b Always quote the dependency source names when using the automatic
251 dependency generation options.
253 \b If no dependency target name is specified via the \c{-MT} or
254 \c{-MQ} options, quote the default output name.
256 \b Fix assembly of shift operations in \c{CPU 8086} mode.
258 \b Fix incorrect generation of explicit immediate byte for shift by 1
259 under certain circumstances.
261 \b Fix assembly of the \c{VPCMPGTQ} instruction.
263 \b Fix RIP-relative relocations in the \c{macho64} backend.
265 \S{cl-2.10.05} Version 2.10.05
267 \b Add the \c{CLAC} and \c{STAC} instructions.
269 \S{cl-2.10.04} Version 2.10.04
271 \b Add back the inadvertently deleted 256-bit version of the \c{VORPD}
274 \b Correct disassembly of instructions starting with byte \c{82} hex.
276 \b Fix corner cases in token pasting, for example:
278 \c %define N 1e%++%+ 5
281 \S{cl-2.10.03} Version 2.10.03
283 \b Correct the assembly of the instruction:
285 \c XRELEASE MOV [absolute],AL
287 Previous versions would incorrectly generate \c{F3 A2} for this
288 instruction and issue a warning; correct behavior is to emit \c{F3 88
291 \S{cl-2.10.02} Version 2.10.02
293 \b Add the \c{ifunc} macro package with integer functions, currently
294 only integer logarithms. See \k{pkg_ifunc}.
296 \b Add the \c{RDSEED}, \c{ADCX} and \c{ADOX} instructions.
298 \S{cl-2.10.01} Version 2.10.01
300 \b Add missing VPMOVMSKB instruction with reg32, ymmreg operands.
302 \S{cl-2.10} Version 2.10
304 \b When optimization is enabled, \c{mov r64,imm} now optimizes to the
305 shortest form possible between:
307 \c mov r32,imm32 ; 5 bytes
308 \c mov r64,imm32 ; 7 bytes
309 \c mov r64,imm64 ; 10 bytes
311 To force a specific form, use the \c{STRICT} keyword, see \k{strict}.
313 \b Add support for the Intel AVX2 instruction set.
315 \b Add support for Bit Manipulation Instructions 1 and 2.
317 \b Add support for Intel Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX).
319 \b Add support for x32 ELF (32-bit ELF with the CPU in 64-bit mode.)
322 \b Add support for bigendian UTF-16 and UTF-32. See \k{unicode}.
324 \S{cl-2.09.10} Version 2.09.10
326 \b Fix up NSIS script to protect uninstaller against registry keys
327 absence or corruption. It brings in a few additional questions
328 to a user during deinstallation procedure but still it is better
329 than unpredictable file removal.
331 \S{cl-2.09.09} Version 2.09.09
333 \b Fix initialization of section attributes of \c{bin} output format.
335 \b Fix \c{mach64} output format bug that crashes NASM due to NULL symbols.
338 \S{cl-2.09.08} Version 2.09.08
340 \b Fix \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__} assignment when output driver alias
341 is used. For example when \c{-f elf} is used \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__}
342 must be set to \c{elf}, if \c{-f elf32} is used \c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__}
343 must be assigned accordingly, i.e. to \c{elf32}. The rule applies to
344 all output driver aliases. See \k{ofmtm}.
347 \S{cl-2.09.07} Version 2.09.07
349 \b Fix attempts to close same file several times
350 when \c{-a} option is used.
352 \b Fixes for VEXTRACTF128, VMASKMOVPS encoding.
355 \S{cl-2.09.06} Version 2.09.06
357 \b Fix missed section attribute initialization in \c{bin} output target.
360 \S{cl-2.09.05} Version 2.09.05
362 \b Fix arguments encoding for VPEXTRW instruction.
364 \b Remove invalid form of VPEXTRW instruction.
366 \b Add \c{VLDDQU} as alias for \c{VLDQQU} to
370 \S{cl-2.09.04} Version 2.09.04
372 \b Fix incorrect labels offset for VEX intructions.
374 \b Eliminate bogus warning on implicit operand size override.
376 \b \c{%if} term could not handle 64 bit numbers.
378 \b The COFF backend was limiting relocations number to 16 bits even if
379 in real there were a way more relocations.
382 \S{cl-2.09.03} Version 2.09.03
384 \b Print \c{%macro} name inside \c{%rep} blocks on error.
386 \b Fix preprocessor expansion behaviour. It happened sometime
387 too early and sometime simply wrong. Move behaviour back to
388 the origins (down to NASM 2.05.01).
390 \b Fix unitialized data dereference on OMF output format.
392 \b Issue warning on unterminated \c{%{} construct.
394 \b Fix for documentation typo.
397 \S{cl-2.09.02} Version 2.09.02
399 \b Fix reversed tokens when \c{%deftok} produces more than one output token.
401 \b Fix segmentation fault on disassembling some VEX instructions.
403 \b Missing \c{%endif} did not always cause error.
405 \b Fix typo in documentation.
407 \b Compound context local preprocessor single line macro identifiers
408 were not expanded early enough and as result lead to unresolved
412 \S{cl-2.09.01} Version 2.09.01
414 \b Fix NULL dereference on missed %deftok second parameter.
416 \b Fix NULL dereference on invalid %substr parameters.
419 \S{cl-2.09} Version 2.09
421 \b Fixed assignment the magnitude of \c{%rep} counter. It is limited
424 \b Fixed NULL dereference if argument of \c{%strlen} resolves
425 to whitespace. For example if nonexistent macro parameter is used.
427 \b \c{%ifenv}, \c{%elifenv}, \c{%ifnenv}, and \c{%elifnenv} directives
428 introduced. See \k{ifenv}.
430 \b Fixed NULL dereference if environment variable is missed.
432 \b Updates of new AVX v7 Intel instructions.
434 \b \c{PUSH imm32} is now officially documented.
436 \b Fix for encoding the LFS, LGS and LSS in 64-bit mode.
438 \b Fixes for compatibility with OpenWatcom compiler and DOS 8.3 file
441 \b Macros parameters range expansion introduced. See \k{mlmacrange}.
443 \b Backward compatibility on expanging of local sigle macros restored.
445 \b 8 bit relocations for \c{elf} and \c{bin} output formats are introduced.
447 \b Short intersegment jumps are permitted now.
449 \b An alignment more than 64 bytes are allowed for \c{win32},
450 \c{win64} output formats.
452 \b \c{SECTALIGN} directive introduced. See \k{sectalign}.
454 \b \c{nojmp} option introduced in \c{smartalign} package. See
457 \b Short aliases \c{win}, \c{elf} and \c{macho} for output formats are
458 introduced. Each stands for \c{win32}, \c{elf32} and \c{macho32}
461 \b Faster handling of missing directives implemented.
463 \b Various small improvements in documentation.
465 \b No hang anymore if unable to open malloc.log file.
467 \b The environments without vsnprintf function are able to build nasm again.
469 \b AMD LWP instructions updated.
471 \b Tighten EA checks. We warn a user if there overflow in EA addressing.
473 \b Make \c{-Ox} the default optimization level. For the legacy
474 behavior, specify \c{-O0} explicitly. See \k{opt-O}.
476 \b Environment variables read with \c{%!} or tested with \c{%ifenv}
477 can now contain non-identifier characters if surrounded by quotes.
480 \b Add a new standard macro package \c{%use fp} for floating-point
481 convenience macros. See \k{pkg_fp}.
484 \S{cl-2.08.02} Version 2.08.02
486 \b Fix crash under certain circumstances when using the \c{%+} operator.
489 \S{cl-2.08.01} Version 2.08.01
491 \b Fix the \c{%use} statement, which was broken in 2.08.
494 \S{cl-2.08} Version 2.08
496 \b A number of enhancements/fixes in macros area.
498 \b Support for converting strings to tokens. See \k{deftok}.
500 \b Fuzzy operand size logic introduced.
502 \b Fix COFF stack overrun on too long export identifiers.
504 \b Fix Macho-O alignment bug.
506 \b Fix crashes with -fwin32 on file with many exports.
508 \b Fix stack overrun for too long [DEBUG id].
510 \b Fix incorrect sbyte usage in IMUL (hit only if optimization
513 \b Append ending token for \c{.stabs} records in the ELF output format.
515 \b New NSIS script which uses ModernUI and MultiUser approach.
517 \b Visual Studio 2008 NASM integration (rules file).
519 \b Warn a user if a constant is too long (and as result will be stripped).
521 \b The obsoleted pre-XOP AMD SSE5 instruction set which was never actualized
524 \b Fix stack overrun on too long error file name passed from the command line.
526 \b Bind symbols to the .text section by default (ie in case if SECTION
527 directive was omitted) in the ELF output format.
529 \b Fix sync points array index wrapping.
531 \b A few fixes for FMA4 and XOP instruction templates.
533 \b Add AMD Lightweight Profiling (LWP) instructions.
535 \b Fix the offset for \c{%arg} in 64-bit mode.
537 \b An undefined local macro (\c{%$}) no longer matches a global macro
540 \b Fix NULL dereference on too long local labels.
543 \S{cl-2.07} Version 2.07
545 \b NASM is now under the 2-clause BSD license. See \k{legal}.
547 \b Fix the section type for the \c{.strtab} section in the \c{elf64}
550 \b Fix the handling of \c{COMMON} directives in the \c{obj} output format.
552 \b New \c{ith} and \c{srec} output formats; these are variants of the
553 \c{bin} output format which output Intel hex and Motorola S-records,
554 respectively. See \k{ithfmt} and \k{srecfmt}.
556 \b \c{rdf2ihx} replaced with an enhanced \c{rdf2bin}, which can output
557 binary, COM, Intel hex or Motorola S-records.
559 \b The Windows installer now puts the NASM directory first in the
560 \c{PATH} of the "NASM Shell".
562 \b Revert the early expansion behavior of \c{%+} to pre-2.06 behavior:
563 \c{%+} is only expanded late.
565 \b Yet another Mach-O alignment fix.
567 \b Don't delete the list file on errors. Also, include error and
568 warning information in the list file.
570 \b Support for 64-bit Mach-O output, see \k{machofmt}.
572 \b Fix assert failure on certain operations that involve strings with
576 \S{cl-2.06} Version 2.06
578 \b This release is dedicated to the memory of Charles A. Crayne, long
579 time NASM developer as well as moderator of \c{comp.lang.asm.x86} and
580 author of the book \e{Serious Assembler}. We miss you, Chuck.
582 \b Support for indirect macro expansion (\c{%[...]}). See \k{indmacro}.
584 \b \c{%pop} can now take an argument, see \k{pushpop}.
586 \b The argument to \c{%use} is no longer macro-expanded. Use
587 \c{%[...]} if macro expansion is desired.
589 \b Support for thread-local storage in ELF32 and ELF64. See \k{elftls}.
591 \b Fix crash on \c{%ifmacro} without an argument.
593 \b Correct the arguments to the \c{POPCNT} instruction.
595 \b Fix section alignment in the Mach-O format.
597 \b Update AVX support to version 5 of the Intel specification.
599 \b Fix the handling of accesses to context-local macros from higher
600 levels in the context stack.
602 \b Treat \c{WAIT} as a prefix rather than as an instruction, thereby
603 allowing constructs like \c{O16 FSAVE} to work correctly.
605 \b Support for structures with a non-zero base offset. See \k{struc}.
607 \b Correctly handle preprocessor token concatenation (see \k{concat})
608 involving floating-point numbers.
610 \b The \c{PINSR} series of instructions have been corrected and
613 \b Removed AMD SSE5, replaced with the new XOP/FMA4/CVT16 (rev 3.03)
616 \b The ELF backends no longer automatically generate a \c{.comment} section.
618 \b Add additional "well-known" ELF sections with default attributes. See
622 \S{cl-2.05.01} Version 2.05.01
624 \b Fix the \c{-w}/\c{-W} option parsing, which was broken in NASM 2.05.
627 \S{cl-2.05} Version 2.05
629 \b Fix redundant REX.W prefix on \c{JMP reg64}.
631 \b Make the behaviour of \c{-O0} match NASM 0.98 legacy behavior.
634 \b \c{-w-user} can be used to suppress the output of \c{%warning} directives.
637 \b Fix bug where \c{ALIGN} would issue a full alignment datum instead of
640 \b Fix offsets in list files.
642 \b Fix \c{%include} inside multi-line macros or loops.
644 \b Fix error where NASM would generate a spurious warning on valid
645 optimizations of immediate values.
647 \b Fix arguments to a number of the \c{CVT} SSE instructions.
649 \b Fix RIP-relative offsets when the instruction carries an immediate.
651 \b Massive overhaul of the ELF64 backend for spec compliance.
653 \b Fix the Geode \c{PFRCPV} and \c{PFRSQRTV} instruction.
655 \b Fix the SSE 4.2 \c{CRC32} instruction.
658 \S{cl-2.04} Version 2.04
660 \b Sanitize macro handing in the \c{%error} directive.
662 \b New \c{%warning} directive to issue user-controlled warnings.
664 \b \c{%error} directives are now deferred to the final assembly phase.
666 \b New \c{%fatal} directive to immediately terminate assembly.
668 \b New \c{%strcat} directive to join quoted strings together.
670 \b New \c{%use} macro directive to support standard macro directives. See
673 \b Excess default parameters to \c{%macro} now issues a warning by default.
676 \b Fix \c{%ifn} and \c{%elifn}.
678 \b Fix nested \c{%else} clauses.
680 \b Correct the handling of nested \c{%rep}s.
682 \b New \c{%unmacro} directive to undeclare a multi-line macro.
685 \b Builtin macro \c{__PASS__} which expands to the current assembly pass.
688 \b \c{__utf16__} and \c{__utf32__} operators to generate UTF-16 and UTF-32
689 strings. See \k{unicode}.
691 \b Fix bug in case-insensitive matching when compiled on platforms that
692 don't use the \c{configure} script. Of the official release binaries,
693 that only affected the OS/2 binary.
695 \b Support for x87 packed BCD constants. See \k{bcdconst}.
697 \b Correct the \c{LTR} and \c{SLDT} instructions in 64-bit mode.
699 \b Fix unnecessary REX.W prefix on indirect jumps in 64-bit mode.
701 \b Add AVX versions of the AES instructions (\c{VAES}...).
703 \b Fix the 256-bit FMA instructions.
705 \b Add 256-bit AVX stores per the latest AVX spec.
707 \b VIA XCRYPT instructions can now be written either with or without
708 \c{REP}, apparently different versions of the VIA spec wrote them
711 \b Add missing 64-bit \c{MOVNTI} instruction.
713 \b Fix the operand size of \c{VMREAD} and \c{VMWRITE}.
715 \b Numerous bug fixes, especially to the AES, AVX and VTX instructions.
717 \b The optimizer now always runs until it converges. It also runs even
718 when disabled, but doesn't optimize. This allows most forward references
719 to be resolved properly.
721 \b \c{%push} no longer needs a context identifier; omitting the context
722 identifier results in an anonymous context.
725 \S{cl-2.03.01} Version 2.03.01
727 \b Fix buffer overflow in the listing module.
729 \b Fix the handling of hexadecimal escape codes in `...` strings.
731 \b The Postscript/PDF documentation has been reformatted.
733 \b The \c{-F} option now implies \c{-g}.
736 \S{cl-2.03} Version 2.03
738 \b Add support for Intel AVX, CLMUL and FMA instructions,
739 including YMM registers.
741 \b \c{dy}, \c{resy} and \c{yword} for 32-byte operands.
743 \b Fix some SSE5 instructions.
745 \b Intel \c{INVEPT}, \c{INVVPID} and \c{MOVBE} instructions.
747 \b Fix checking for critical expressions when the optimizer is enabled.
749 \b Support the DWARF debugging format for ELF targets.
751 \b Fix optimizations of signed bytes.
753 \b Fix operation on bigendian machines.
755 \b Fix buffer overflow in the preprocessor.
757 \b \c{SAFESEH} support for Win32, \c{IMAGEREL} for Win64 (SEH).
759 \b \c{%?} and \c{%??} to refer to the name of a macro itself. In particular,
760 \c{%idefine keyword $%?} can be used to make a keyword "disappear".
762 \b New options for dependency generation: \c{-MD}, \c{-MF},
763 \c{-MP}, \c{-MT}, \c{-MQ}.
765 \b New preprocessor directives \c{%pathsearch} and \c{%depend}; INCBIN
766 reimplemented as a macro.
768 \b \c{%include} now resolves macros in a sane manner.
770 \b \c{%substr} can now be used to get other than one-character substrings.
772 \b New type of character/string constants, using backquotes (\c{`...`}),
773 which support C-style escape sequences.
775 \b \c{%defstr} and \c{%idefstr} to stringize macro definitions before
778 \b Fix forward references used in \c{EQU} statements.
781 \S{cl-2.02} Version 2.02
783 \b Additional fixes for MMX operands with explicit \c{qword}, as well as
784 (hopefully) SSE operands with \c{oword}.
786 \b Fix handling of truncated strings with \c{DO}.
788 \b Fix segfaults due to memory overwrites when floating-point constants
791 \b Fix segfaults due to missing include files.
793 \b Fix OpenWatcom Makefiles for DOS and OS/2.
795 \b Add autogenerated instruction list back into the documentation.
797 \b ELF: Fix segfault when generating stabs, and no symbols have been
800 \b ELF: Experimental support for DWARF debugging information.
802 \b New compile date and time standard macros.
804 \b \c{%ifnum} now returns true for negative numbers.
806 \b New \c{%iftoken} test for a single token.
808 \b New \c{%ifempty} test for empty expansion.
810 \b Add support for the \c{XSAVE} instruction group.
812 \b Makefile for Netware/gcc.
814 \b Fix issue with some warnings getting emitted way too many times.
816 \b Autogenerated instruction list added to the documentation.
819 \S{cl-2.01} Version 2.01
821 \b Fix the handling of MMX registers with explicit \c{qword} tags on
822 memory (broken in 2.00 due to 64-bit changes.)
824 \b Fix the PREFETCH instructions.
826 \b Fix the documentation.
828 \b Fix debugging info when using \c{-f elf}
829 (backwards compatibility alias for \c{-f elf32}).
831 \b Man pages for rdoff tools (from the Debian project.)
833 \b ELF: handle large numbers of sections.
835 \b Fix corrupt output when the optimizer runs out of passes.
838 \S{cl-2.00} Version 2.00
840 \b Added c99 data-type compliance.
842 \b Added general x86-64 support.
844 \b Added win64 (x86-64 COFF) output format.
846 \b Added \c{__BITS__} standard macro.
848 \b Renamed the \c{elf} output format to \c{elf32} for clarity.
850 \b Added \c{elf64} and \c{macho} (MacOS X) output formats.
852 \b Added Numeric constants in \c{dq} directive.
854 \b Added \c{oword}, \c{do} and \c{reso} pseudo operands.
856 \b Allow underscores in numbers.
858 \b Added 8-, 16- and 128-bit floating-point formats.
860 \b Added binary, octal and hexadecimal floating-point.
862 \b Correct the generation of floating-point constants.
864 \b Added floating-point option control.
866 \b Added Infinity and NaN floating point support.
868 \b Added ELF Symbol Visibility support.
870 \b Added setting OSABI value in ELF header directive.
872 \b Added Generate Makefile Dependencies option.
874 \b Added Unlimited Optimization Passes option.
876 \b Added \c{%IFN} and \c{%ELIFN} support.
878 \b Added Logical Negation Operator.
880 \b Enhanced Stack Relative Preprocessor Directives.
882 \b Enhanced ELF Debug Formats.
884 \b Enhanced Send Errors to a File option.
886 \b Added SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, SSE5 support.
888 \b Added a large number of additional instructions.
890 \b Significant performance improvements.
892 \b \c{-w+warning} and \c{-w-warning} can now be written as -Wwarning and
893 -Wno-warning, respectively. See \k{opt-w}.
895 \b Add \c{-w+error} to treat warnings as errors. See \k{opt-w}.
897 \b Add \c{-w+all} and \c{-w-all} to enable or disable all suppressible
898 warnings. See \k{opt-w}.
901 \H{cl-0.98.xx} NASM 0.98 Series
903 The 0.98 series was the production versions of NASM from 1999 to 2007.
906 \S{cl-0.98.39} Version 0.98.39
908 \b fix buffer overflow
910 \b fix outas86's \c{.bss} handling
912 \b "make spotless" no longer deletes config.h.in.
914 \b \c{%(el)if(n)idn} insensitivity to string quotes difference (#809300).
916 \b (nasm.c)\c{__OUTPUT_FORMAT__} changed to string value instead of symbol.
918 \S{cl-0.98.38} Version 0.98.38
921 \b Add Makefile for 16-bit DOS binaries under OpenWatcom, and modify
922 \c{mkdep.pl} to be able to generate completely pathless dependencies, as
923 required by OpenWatcom wmake (it supports path searches, but not
926 \b Fix the \c{STR} instruction.
928 \b Fix the ELF output format, which was broken under certain
929 circumstances due to the addition of stabs support.
931 \b Quick-fix Borland format debug-info for \c{-f obj}
933 \b Fix for \c{%rep} with no arguments (#560568)
935 \b Fix concatenation of preprocessor function call (#794686)
937 \b Fix long label causes coredump (#677841)
939 \b Use autoheader as well as autoconf to keep configure from generating
940 ridiculously long command lines.
942 \b Make sure that all of the formats which support debugging output
943 actually will suppress debugging output when \c{-g} not specified.
945 \S{cl-0.98.37} Version 0.98.37
948 \b Paths given in \c{-I} switch searched for \c{incbin}-ed as
949 well as \c{%include}-ed files.
951 \b Added stabs debugging for the ELF output format, patch from
954 \b Fix \c{output/outbin.c} to allow origin > 80000000h.
956 \b Make \c{-U} switch work.
958 \b Fix the use of relative offsets with explicit prefixes, e.g.
961 \b Remove \c{backslash()}.
963 \b Fix the \c{SMSW} and \c{SLDT} instructions.
965 \b \c{-O2} and \c{-O3} are no longer aliases for \c{-O10} and \c{-O15}.
966 If you mean the latter, please say so! :)
968 \S{cl-0.98.36} Version 0.98.36
971 \b Update rdoff - librarian/archiver - common rec - docs!
973 \b Fix signed/unsigned problems.
975 \b Fix \c{JMP FAR label} and \c{CALL FAR label}.
977 \b Add new multisection support - map files - fix align bug
979 \b Fix sysexit, movhps/movlps reg,reg bugs in insns.dat
981 \b \c{Q} or \c{O} suffixes indicate octal
983 \b Support Prescott new instructions (PNI).
985 \b Cyrix \c{XSTORE} instruction.
988 \S{cl-0.98.35} Version 0.98.35
990 \b Fix build failure on 16-bit DOS (Makefile.bc3 workaround for compiler bug.)
992 \b Fix dependencies and compiler warnings.
994 \b Add "const" in a number of places.
996 \b Add -X option to specify error reporting format (use -Xvc to
997 integrate with Microsoft Visual Studio.)
999 \b Minor changes for code legibility.
1001 \b Drop use of tmpnam() in rdoff (security fix.)
1004 \S{cl-0.98.34} Version 0.98.34
1006 \b Correct additional address-size vs. operand-size confusions.
1008 \b Generate dependencies for all Makefiles automatically.
1010 \b Add support for unimplemented (but theoretically available)
1011 registers such as tr0 and cr5. Segment registers 6 and 7 are called
1012 segr6 and segr7 for the operations which they can be represented.
1014 \b Correct some disassembler bugs related to redundant address-size prefixes.
1015 Some work still remains in this area.
1017 \b Correctly generate an error for things like "SEG eax".
1019 \b Add the JMPE instruction, enabled by "CPU IA64".
1021 \b Correct compilation on newer gcc/glibc platforms.
1023 \b Issue an error on things like "jmp far eax".
1026 \S{cl-0.98.33} Version 0.98.33
1028 \b New __NASM_PATCHLEVEL__ and __NASM_VERSION_ID__ standard macros to
1029 round out the version-query macros. version.pl now understands
1030 X.YYplWW or X.YY.ZZplWW as a version number, equivalent to
1031 X.YY.ZZ.WW (or X.YY.0.WW, as appropriate).
1033 \b New keyword "strict" to disable the optimization of specific
1036 \b Fix the handing of size overrides with JMP instructions
1037 (instructions such as "jmp dword foo".)
1039 \b Fix the handling of "ABSOLUTE label", where "label" points into a
1040 relocatable segment.
1042 \b Fix OBJ output format with lots of externs.
1044 \b More documentation updates.
1046 \b Add -Ov option to get verbose information about optimizations.
1048 \b Undo a braindead change which broke \c{%elif} directives.
1050 \b Makefile updates.
1053 \S{cl-0.98.32} Version 0.98.32
1055 \b Fix NASM crashing when \c{%macro} directives were left unterminated.
1057 \b Lots of documentation updates.
1059 \b Complete rewrite of the PostScript/PDF documentation generator.
1061 \b The MS Visual C++ Makefile was updated and corrected.
1063 \b Recognize .rodata as a standard section name in ELF.
1065 \b Fix some obsolete Perl4-isms in Perl scripts.
1067 \b Fix configure.in to work with autoconf 2.5x.
1069 \b Fix a couple of "make cleaner" misses.
1071 \b Make the normal "./configure && make" work with Cygwin.
1074 \S{cl-0.98.31} Version 0.98.31
1076 \b Correctly build in a separate object directory again.
1078 \b Derive all references to the version number from the version file.
1080 \b New standard macros __NASM_SUBMINOR__ and __NASM_VER__ macros.
1082 \b Lots of Makefile updates and bug fixes.
1084 \b New \c{%ifmacro} directive to test for multiline macros.
1086 \b Documentation updates.
1088 \b Fixes for 16-bit OBJ format output.
1090 \b Changed the NASM environment variable to NASMENV.
1093 \S{cl-0.98.30} Version 0.98.30
1095 \b Changed doc files a lot: completely removed old READMExx and
1096 Wishlist files, incorporating all information in CHANGES and TODO.
1098 \b I waited a long time to rename zoutieee.c to (original) outieee.c
1100 \b moved all output modules to output/ subdirectory.
1102 \b Added 'make strip' target to strip debug info from nasm & ndisasm.
1104 \b Added INSTALL file with installation instructions.
1106 \b Added -v option description to nasm man.
1108 \b Added dist makefile target to produce source distributions.
1110 \b 16-bit support for ELF output format (GNU extension, but useful.)
1113 \S{cl-0.98.28} Version 0.98.28
1115 \b Fastcooked this for Debian's Woody release:
1116 Frank applied the INCBIN bug patch to 0.98.25alt and called
1117 it 0.98.28 to not confuse poor little apt-get.
1120 \S{cl-0.98.26} Version 0.98.26
1122 \b Reorganised files even better from 0.98.25alt
1125 \S{cl-0.98.25alt} Version 0.98.25alt
1127 \b Prettified the source tree. Moved files to more reasonable places.
1129 \b Added findleak.pl script to misc/ directory.
1131 \b Attempted to fix doc.
1134 \S{cl-0.98.25} Version 0.98.25
1136 \b Line continuation character \c{\\}.
1138 \b Docs inadvertantly reverted - "dos packaging".
1141 \S{cl-0.98.24p1} Version 0.98.24p1
1143 \b FIXME: Someone, document this please.
1146 \S{cl-0.98.24} Version 0.98.24
1148 \b Documentation - Ndisasm doc added to Nasm.doc.
1151 \S{cl-0.98.23} Version 0.98.23
1153 \b Attempted to remove rdoff version1
1155 \b Lino Mastrodomenico's patches to preproc.c (%$$ bug?).
1158 \S{cl-0.98.22} Version 0.98.22
1160 \b Update rdoff2 - attempt to remove v1.
1163 \S{cl-0.98.21} Version 0.98.21
1165 \b Optimization fixes.
1168 \S{cl-0.98.20} Version 0.98.20
1170 \b Optimization fixes.
1173 \S{cl-0.98.19} Version 0.98.19
1175 \b H. J. Lu's patch back out.
1178 \S{cl-0.98.18} Version 0.98.18
1180 \b Added ".rdata" to "-f win32".
1183 \S{cl-0.98.17} Version 0.98.17
1185 \b H. J. Lu's "bogus elf" patch. (Red Hat problem?)
1188 \S{cl-0.98.16} Version 0.98.16
1190 \b Fix whitespace before "[section ..." bug.
1193 \S{cl-0.98.15} Version 0.98.15
1195 \b Rdoff changes (?).
1197 \b Fix fixes to memory leaks.
1200 \S{cl-0.98.14} Version 0.98.14
1202 \b Fix memory leaks.
1205 \S{cl-0.98.13} Version 0.98.13
1207 \b There was no 0.98.13
1210 \S{cl-0.98.12} Version 0.98.12
1212 \b Update optimization (new function of "-O1")
1214 \b Changes to test/bintest.asm (?).
1217 \S{cl-0.98.11} Version 0.98.11
1219 \b Optimization changes.
1224 \S{cl-0.98.10} Version 0.98.10
1226 \b There was no 0.98.10
1229 \S{cl-0.98.09} Version 0.98.09
1231 \b Add multiple sections support to "-f bin".
1233 \b Changed GLOBAL_TEMP_BASE in outelf.c from 6 to 15.
1235 \b Add "-v" as an alias to the "-r" switch.
1237 \b Remove "#ifdef" from Tasm compatibility options.
1239 \b Remove redundant size-overrides on "mov ds, ex", etc.
1241 \b Fixes to SSE2, other insns.dat (?).
1243 \b Enable uppercase "I" and "P" switches.
1245 \b Case insinsitive "seg" and "wrt".
1247 \b Update install.sh (?).
1249 \b Allocate tokens in blocks.
1251 \b Improve "invalid effective address" messages.
1254 \S{cl-0.98.08} Version 0.98.08
1256 \b Add "\c{%strlen}" and "\c{%substr}" macro operators
1258 \b Fixed broken c16.mac.
1260 \b Unterminated string error reported.
1262 \b Fixed bugs as per 0.98bf
1265 \S{cl-0.98.09b with John Coffman patches released 28-Oct-2001} Version 0.98.09b with John Coffman patches released 28-Oct-2001
1267 Changes from 0.98.07 release to 98.09b as of 28-Oct-2001
1269 \b More closely compatible with 0.98 when -O0 is implied
1270 or specified. Not strictly identical, since backward
1271 branches in range of short offsets are recognized, and signed
1272 byte values with no explicit size specification will be
1273 assembled as a single byte.
1275 \b More forgiving with the PUSH instruction. 0.98 requires
1276 a size to be specified always. 0.98.09b will imply the size
1277 from the current BITS setting (16 or 32).
1279 \b Changed definition of the optimization flag:
1281 -O0 strict two-pass assembly, JMP and Jcc are
1282 handled more like 0.98, except that back-
1283 ward JMPs are short, if possible.
1285 -O1 strict two-pass assembly, but forward
1286 branches are assembled with code guaranteed
1287 to reach; may produce larger code than
1288 -O0, but will produce successful assembly
1289 more often if branch offset sizes are not
1292 -O2 multi-pass optimization, minimize branch
1293 offsets; also will minimize signed immed-
1294 iate bytes, overriding size specification.
1296 -O3 like -O2, but more passes taken, if needed
1299 \S{cl-0.98.07 released 01/28/01} Version 0.98.07 released 01/28/01
1301 \b Added Stepane Denis' SSE2 instructions to a *working*
1302 version of the code - some earlier versions were based on
1303 broken code - sorry 'bout that. version "0.98.07"
1309 \b Cosmetic modifications to nasm.c, nasm.h,
1313 \S{cl-0.98.06f released 01/18/01} Version 0.98.06f released 01/18/01
1316 \b - Add "metalbrain"s jecxz bug fix in insns.dat
1317 - alter nasmdoc.src to match - version "0.98.06f"
1320 \S{cl-0.98.06e released 01/09/01} Version 0.98.06e released 01/09/01
1323 \b Removed the "outforms.h" file - it appears to be
1324 someone's old backup of "outform.h". version "0.98.06e"
1328 \b fbk - finally added the fix for the "multiple %includes bug",
1329 known since 7/27/99 - reported originally (?) and sent to
1330 us by Austin Lunnen - he reports that John Fine had a fix
1331 within the day. Here it is...
1333 \b Nelson Rush resigns from the group. Big thanks to Nelson for
1334 his leadership and enthusiasm in getting these changes
1335 incorporated into Nasm!
1337 \b fbk - [list +], [list -] directives - ineptly implemented, should
1338 be re-written or removed, perhaps.
1340 \b Brian Raiter / fbk - "elfso bug" fix - applied to aoutb format
1341 as well - testing might be desirable...
1345 \b James Seter - -postfix, -prefix command line switches.
1347 \b Yuri Zaporozhets - rdoff utility changes.
1350 \S{cl-0.98p1} Version 0.98p1
1352 \b GAS-like palign (Panos Minos)
1354 \b FIXME: Someone, fill this in with details
1357 \S{cl-0.98bf (bug-fixed)} Version 0.98bf (bug-fixed)
1359 \b Fixed - elf and aoutb bug - shared libraries
1360 - multiple "%include" bug in "-f obj"
1362 - unrecognized option bug in ndisasm
1364 \S{cl-0.98.03 with John Coffman's changes released 27-Jul-2000} Version 0.98.03 with John Coffman's changes released 27-Jul-2000
1366 \b Added signed byte optimizations for the 0x81/0x83 class
1367 of instructions: ADC, ADD, AND, CMP, OR, SBB, SUB, XOR:
1368 when used as 'ADD reg16,imm' or 'ADD reg32,imm.' Also
1369 optimization of signed byte form of 'PUSH imm' and 'IMUL
1370 reg,imm'/'IMUL reg,reg,imm.' No size specification is needed.
1372 \b Added multi-pass JMP and Jcc offset optimization. Offsets
1373 on forward references will preferentially use the short form,
1374 without the need to code a specific size (short or near) for
1375 the branch. Added instructions for 'Jcc label' to use the
1376 form 'Jnotcc $+3/JMP label', in cases where a short offset
1377 is out of bounds. If compiling for a 386 or higher CPU, then
1378 the 386 form of Jcc will be used instead.
1380 This feature is controlled by a new command-line switch: "O",
1381 (upper case letter O). "-O0" reverts the assembler to no
1382 extra optimization passes, "-O1" allows up to 5 extra passes,
1383 and "-O2"(default), allows up to 10 extra optimization passes.
1385 \b Added a new directive: 'cpu XXX', where XXX is any of:
1386 8086, 186, 286, 386, 486, 586, pentium, 686, PPro, P2, P3 or
1387 Katmai. All are case insensitive. All instructions will
1388 be selected only if they apply to the selected cpu or lower.
1389 Corrected a couple of bugs in cpu-dependence in 'insns.dat'.
1391 \b Added to 'standard.mac', the "use16" and "use32" forms of
1392 the "bits 16/32" directive. This is nothing new, just conforms
1393 to a lot of other assemblers. (minor)
1395 \b Changed label allocation from 320/32 (10000 labels @ 200K+)
1396 to 32/37 (1000 labels); makes running under DOS much easier.
1397 Since additional label space is allocated dynamically, this
1398 should have no effect on large programs with lots of labels.
1399 The 37 is a prime, believed to be better for hashing. (minor)
1402 \S{cl-0.98.03} Version 0.98.03
1404 "Integrated patchfile 0.98-0.98.01. I call this version 0.98.03 for
1405 historical reasons: 0.98.02 was trashed." --John Coffman
1406 <johninsd@san.rr.com>, 27-Jul-2000
1408 \b Kendall Bennett's SciTech MGL changes
1410 \b Note that you must define "TASM_COMPAT" at compile-time
1411 to get the Tasm Ideal Mode compatibility.
1413 \b All changes can be compiled in and out using the TASM_COMPAT macros,
1414 and when compiled without TASM_COMPAT defined we get the exact same
1415 binary as the unmodified 0.98 sources.
1417 \b standard.mac, macros.c: Added macros to ignore TASM directives before
1420 \b nasm.h: Added extern declaration for tasm_compatible_mode
1422 \b nasm.c: Added global variable tasm_compatible_mode
1424 \b Added command line switch for TASM compatible mode (-t)
1426 \b Changed version command line to reflect when compiled with TASM additions
1428 \b Added response file processing to allow all arguments on a single
1429 line (response file is @resp rather than -@resp for NASM format).
1431 \b labels.c: Changes islocal() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
1433 \b Added islocalchar() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
1435 \b parser.c: Added support for TASM style memory references (ie: mov
1436 [DWORD eax],10 rather than the NASM style mov DWORD [eax],10).
1438 \b preproc.c: Added new directives, \c{%arg}, \c{%local}, \c{%stacksize} to directives
1441 \b Added support for TASM style directives without a leading % symbol.
1443 \b Integrated a block of changes from Andrew Zabolotny <bit@eltech.ru>:
1445 \b A new keyword \c{%xdefine} and its case-insensitive counterpart \c{%ixdefine}.
1446 They work almost the same way as \c{%define} and \c{%idefine} but expand
1447 the definition immediately, not on the invocation. Something like a cross
1448 between \c{%define} and \c{%assign}. The "x" suffix stands for "eXpand", so
1449 "xdefine" can be deciphered as "expand-and-define". Thus you can do
1455 \c %xdefine %1 dword [esp+ofs]
1456 \c %assign ofs ofs+4
1459 \b Changed the place where the expansion of %$name macros are expanded.
1460 Now they are converted into ..@ctxnum.name form when detokenizing, so
1461 there are no quirks as before when using %$name arguments to macros,
1462 in macros etc. For example:
1471 Now last line will be expanded into "hello" as expected. This also allows
1472 for lots of goodies, a good example are extended "proc" macros included
1475 \b Added a check for "cstk" in smacro_defined() before calling get_ctx() -
1476 this allows for things like:
1481 to work without warnings even in no context.
1483 \b Added a check for "cstk" in %if*ctx and %elif*ctx directives -
1484 this allows to use \c{%ifctx} without excessive warnings. If there is
1485 no active context, \c{%ifctx} goes through "false" branch.
1487 \b Removed "user error: " prefix with \c{%error} directive: it just clobbers the
1488 output and has absolutely no functionality. Besides, this allows to write
1489 macros that does not differ from built-in functions in any way.
1491 \b Added expansion of string that is output by \c{%error} directive. Now you
1494 \c %define hello(x) Hello, x!
1496 \c %define %$name andy
1497 \c %error "hello(%$name)"
1499 Same happened with \c{%include} directive.
1501 \b Now all directives that expect an identifier will try to expand and
1502 concatenate everything without whitespaces in between before usage.
1503 For example, with "unfixed" nasm the commands
1505 \c %define %$abc hello
1506 \c %define __%$abc goodbye
1509 would produce "incorrect" output: last line will expand to
1511 \c hello goodbyehello
1513 Not quite what you expected, eh? :-) The answer is that preprocessor
1514 treats the \c{%define} construct as if it would be
1516 \c %define __ %$abc goodbye
1518 (note the white space between __ and %$abc). After my "fix" it
1519 will "correctly" expand into
1523 as expected. Note that I use quotes around words "correct", "incorrect"
1524 etc because this is rather a feature not a bug; however current behaviour
1525 is more logical (and allows more advanced macro usage :-).
1527 Same change was applied to:
1528 \c{%push},\c{%macro},\c{%imacro},\c{%define},\c{%idefine},\c{%xdefine},\c{%ixdefine},
1529 \c{%assign},\c{%iassign},\c{%undef}
1531 \b A new directive [WARNING {+|-}warning-id] have been added. It works only
1532 if the assembly phase is enabled (i.e. it doesn't work with nasm -e).
1534 \b A new warning type: macro-selfref. By default this warning is disabled;
1535 when enabled NASM warns when a macro self-references itself; for example
1536 the following source:
1538 \c [WARNING macro-selfref]
1549 will produce a warning, but if we remove the first line we won't see it
1550 anymore (which is The Right Thing To Do {tm} IMHO since C preprocessor
1551 eats such constructs without warnings at all).
1553 \b Added a "error" routine to preprocessor which always will set ERR_PASS1
1554 bit in severity_code. This removes annoying repeated errors on first
1555 and second passes from preprocessor.
1557 \b Added the %+ operator in single-line macros for concatenating two
1558 identifiers. Usage example:
1560 \c %define _myfunc _otherfunc
1561 \c %define cextern(x) _ %+ x
1564 After first expansion, third line will become "_myfunc". After this
1565 expansion is performed again so it becomes "_otherunc".
1567 \b Now if preprocessor is in a non-emitting state, no warning or error
1568 will be emitted. Example:
1573 \c put anything you want between these two brackets,
1574 \c even macro-parameter references %1 or local
1575 \c labels %$zz or macro-local labels %%zz - no
1576 \c warning will be emitted.
1579 \b Context-local variables on expansion as a last resort are looked up
1580 in outer contexts. For example, the following piece:
1583 \c %define %$a [esp]
1590 will expand correctly the fourth line to [esp]; if we'll define another
1591 %$a inside the "inner" context, it will take precedence over outer
1592 definition. However, this modification has been applied only to
1593 expand_smacro and not to smacro_define: as a consequence expansion
1594 looks in outer contexts, but \c{%ifdef} won't look in outer contexts.
1596 This behaviour is needed because we don't want nested contexts to
1597 act on already defined local macros. Example:
1599 \c %define %$arg1 [esp+4]
1605 In this example the "if" mmacro enters into the "if" context, so %$arg1
1606 is not valid anymore inside "if". Of course it could be worked around
1607 by using explicitely %$$arg1 but this is ugly IMHO.
1609 \b Fixed memory leak in \c{%undef}. The origline wasn't freed before
1612 \b Fixed trap in preprocessor when line expanded to empty set of tokens.
1613 This happens, for example, in the following case:
1615 \c #define SOMETHING
1619 \S{cl-0.98} Version 0.98
1621 All changes since NASM 0.98p3 have been produced by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>.
1623 \b The documentation comment delimiter is \# not #.
1625 \b Allow EQU definitions to refer to external labels; reported by
1628 \b Re-enable support for RDOFF v1; reported by Pedro Gimeno.
1630 \b Updated License file per OK from Simon and Julian.
1633 \S{cl-0.98p9} Version 0.98p9
1635 \b Update documentation (although the instruction set reference will
1636 have to wait; I don't want to hold up the 0.98 release for it.)
1638 \b Verified that the NASM implementation of the PEXTRW and PMOVMSKB
1639 instructions is correct. The encoding differs from what the Intel
1640 manuals document, but the Pentium III behaviour matches NASM, not
1643 \b Fix handling of implicit sizes in PSHUFW and PINSRW, reported by
1646 \b Resurrect the -s option, which was removed when changing the
1647 diagnostic output to stdout.
1650 \S{cl-0.98p8} Version 0.98p8
1652 \b Fix for "DB" when NASM is running on a bigendian machine.
1654 \b Invoke insns.pl once for each output script, making Makefile.in
1655 legal for "make -j".
1657 \b Improve the Unix configure-based makefiles to make package
1660 \b Included an RPM .spec file for building RPM (RedHat Package Manager)
1661 packages on Linux or Unix systems.
1663 \b Fix Makefile dependency problems.
1665 \b Change src/rdsrc.pl to include sectioning information in info
1666 output; required for install-info to work.
1668 \b Updated the RDOFF distribution to version 2 from Jules; minor
1669 massaging to make it compile in my environment.
1671 \b Split doc files that can be built by anyone with a Perl interpreter off
1672 into a separate archive.
1674 \b "Dress rehearsal" release!
1677 \S{cl-0.98p7} Version 0.98p7
1679 \b Fixed opcodes with a third byte-sized immediate argument to not
1680 complain if given "byte" on the immediate.
1682 \b Allow \c{%undef} to remove single-line macros with arguments. This
1683 matches the behaviour of #undef in the C preprocessor.
1685 \b Allow -d, -u, -i and -p to be specified as -D, -U, -I and -P for
1686 compatibility with most C compilers and preprocessors. This allows
1687 Makefile options to be shared between cc and nasm, for example.
1691 \b Went through the list of Katmai instructions and hopefully fixed the
1692 (rather few) mistakes in it.
1694 \b (Hopefully) fixed a number of disassembler bugs related to ambiguous
1695 instructions (disambiguated by -p) and SSE instructions with REP.
1697 \b Fix for bug reported by Mark Junger: "call dword 0x12345678" should
1698 work and may add an OSP (affected CALL, JMP, Jcc).
1700 \b Fix for environments when "stderr" isn't a compile-time constant.
1703 \S{cl-0.98p6} Version 0.98p6
1706 \b Took officially over coordination of the 0.98 release; so drop
1707 the p3.x notation. Skipped p4 and p5 to avoid confusion with John
1708 Fine's J4 and J5 releases.
1710 \b Update the documentation; however, it still doesn't include
1711 documentation for the various new instructions. I somehow wonder if
1712 it makes sense to have an instruction set reference in the assembler
1713 manual when Intel et al have PDF versions of their manuals online.
1715 \b Recognize "idt" or "centaur" for the -p option to ndisasm.
1717 \b Changed error messages back to stderr where they belong, but add an
1718 -E option to redirect them elsewhere (the DOS shell cannot redirect
1721 \b -M option to generate Makefile dependencies (based on code from Alex
1724 \b \c{%undef} preprocessor directive, and -u option, that undefines a
1727 \b OS/2 Makefile (Mkfiles/Makefile.os2) for Borland under OS/2; from
1730 \b Various minor bugfixes (reported by):
1731 - Dangling \c{%s} in preproc.c (Martin Junker)
1733 \b THERE ARE KNOWN BUGS IN SSE AND THE OTHER KATMAI INSTRUCTIONS. I am
1734 on a trip and didn't bring the Katmai instruction reference, so I
1735 can't work on them right now.
1737 \b Updated the License file per agreement with Simon and Jules to
1738 include a GPL distribution clause.
1741 \S{cl-0.98p3.7} Version 0.98p3.7
1743 \b (Hopefully) fixed the canned Makefiles to include the outrdf2 and
1746 \b Renamed changes.asm to changed.asm.
1749 \S{cl-0.98p3.6} Version 0.98p3.6
1751 \b Fixed a bunch of instructions that were added in 0.98p3.5 which had
1752 memory operands, and the address-size prefix was missing from the
1753 instruction pattern.
1756 \S{cl-0.98p3.5} Version 0.98p3.5
1758 \b Merged in changes from John S. Fine's 0.98-J5 release. John's based
1759 0.98-J5 on my 0.98p3.3 release; this merges the changes.
1761 \b Expanded the instructions flag field to a long so we can fit more
1762 flags; mark SSE (KNI) and AMD or Katmai-specific instructions as
1765 \b Fix the "PRIV" flag on a bunch of instructions, and create new
1766 "PROT" flag for protected-mode-only instructions (orthogonal to if
1767 the instruction is privileged!) and new "SMM" flag for SMM-only
1770 \b Added AMD-only SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions.
1772 \b Make SSE actually work, and add new Katmai MMX instructions.
1774 \b Added a -p (preferred vendor) option to ndisasm so that it can
1775 distinguish e.g. Cyrix opcodes also used in SSE. For example:
1777 \c ndisasm -p cyrix aliased.bin
1778 \c 00000000 670F514310 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x10]
1779 \c 00000005 670F514320 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x20]
1780 \c ndisasm -p intel aliased.bin
1781 \c 00000000 670F514310 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x10]
1782 \c 00000005 670F514320 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x20]
1784 \b Added a bunch of Cyrix-specific instructions.
1787 \S{cl-0.98p3.4} Version 0.98p3.4
1789 \b Made at least an attempt to modify all the additional Makefiles (in
1790 the Mkfiles directory). I can't test it, but this was the best I
1793 \b DOS DJGPP+"Opus Make" Makefile from John S. Fine.
1795 \b changes.asm changes from John S. Fine.
1798 \S{cl-0.98p3.3} Version 0.98p3.3
1800 \b Patch from Conan Brink to allow nesting of \c{%rep} directives.
1802 \b If we're going to allow INT01 as an alias for INT1/ICEBP (one of
1803 Jules 0.98p3 changes), then we should allow INT03 as an alias for INT3
1806 \b Updated changes.asm to include the latest changes.
1808 \b Tried to clean up the <CR>s that had snuck in from a DOS/Windows
1809 environment into my Unix environment, and try to make sure than
1810 DOS/Windows users get them back.
1812 \b We would silently generate broken tools if insns.dat wasn't sorted
1813 properly. Change insns.pl so that the order doesn't matter.
1815 \b Fix bug in insns.pl (introduced by me) which would cause conditional
1816 instructions to have an extra "cc" in disassembly, e.g. "jnz"
1817 disassembled as "jccnz".
1820 \S{cl-0.98p3.2} Version 0.98p3.2
1822 \b Merged in John S. Fine's changes from his 0.98-J4 prerelease; see
1823 http://www.csoft.net/cz/johnfine/
1825 \b Changed previous "spotless" Makefile target (appropriate for distribution)
1826 to "distclean", and added "cleaner" target which is same as "clean"
1827 except deletes files generated by Perl scripts; "spotless" is union.
1829 \b Removed BASIC programs from distribution. Get a Perl interpreter
1830 instead (see below.)
1832 \b Calling this "pre-release 3.2" rather than "p3-hpa2" because of
1833 John's contributions.
1835 \b Actually link in the IEEE output format (zoutieee.c); fix a bunch of
1836 compiler warnings in that file. Note I don't know what IEEE output
1837 is supposed to look like, so these changes were made "blind".
1840 \S{cl-0.98p3-hpa} Version 0.98p3-hpa
1842 \b Merged nasm098p3.zip with nasm-0.97.tar.gz to create a fully
1843 buildable version for Unix systems (Makefile.in updates, etc.)
1845 \b Changed insns.pl to create the instruction tables in nasm.h and
1846 names.c, so that a new instruction can be added by adding it *only*
1849 \b Added the following new instructions: SYSENTER, SYSEXIT, FXSAVE,
1850 FXRSTOR, UD1, UD2 (the latter two are two opcodes that Intel
1851 guarantee will never be used; one of them is documented as UD2 in
1852 Intel documentation, the other one just as "Undefined Opcode" --
1853 calling it UD1 seemed to make sense.)
1855 \b MAX_SYMBOL was defined to be 9, but LOADALL286 and LOADALL386 are 10
1856 characters long. Now MAX_SYMBOL is derived from insns.dat.
1858 \b A note on the BASIC programs included: forget them. insns.bas is
1859 already out of date. Get yourself a Perl interpreter for your
1860 platform of choice at
1861 \W{http://www.cpan.org/ports/index.html}{http://www.cpan.org/ports/index.html}.
1864 \S{cl-0.98p3} Version 0.98 pre-release 3
1866 \b added response file support, improved command line handling, new layout
1869 \b fixed limit checking bug, 'OUT byte nn, reg' bug, and a couple of rdoff
1870 related bugs, updated Wishlist; 0.98 Prerelease 3.
1873 \S{cl-0.98p2} Version 0.98 pre-release 2
1875 \b fixed bug in outcoff.c to do with truncating section names longer
1876 than 8 characters, referencing beyond end of string; 0.98 pre-release 2
1879 \S{cl-0.98p1} Version 0.98 pre-release 1
1881 \b Fixed a bug whereby STRUC didn't work at all in RDF.
1883 \b Fixed a problem with group specification in PUBDEFs in OBJ.
1885 \b Improved ease of adding new output formats. Contribution due to
1888 \b Fixed a bug in relocations in the `bin' format: was showing up when
1889 a relocatable reference crossed an 8192-byte boundary in any output
1892 \b Fixed a bug in local labels: local-label lookups were inconsistent
1893 between passes one and two if an EQU occurred between the definition
1894 of a global label and the subsequent use of a local label local to
1897 \b Fixed a seg-fault in the preprocessor (again) which happened when
1898 you use a blank line as the first line of a multi-line macro
1899 definition and then defined a label on the same line as a call to
1902 \b Fixed a stale-pointer bug in the handling of the NASM environment
1903 variable. Thanks to Thomas McWilliams.
1905 \b ELF had a hard limit on the number of sections which caused
1906 segfaults when transgressed. Fixed.
1908 \b Added ability for ndisasm to read from stdin by using `-' as the
1911 \b ndisasm wasn't outputting the TO keyword. Fixed.
1913 \b Fixed error cascade on bogus expression in \c{%if} - an error in
1914 evaluation was causing the entire \c{%if} to be discarded, thus creating
1915 trouble later when the \c{%else} or \c{%endif} was encountered.
1917 \b Forward reference tracking was instruction-granular not operand-
1918 granular, which was causing 286-specific code to be generated
1919 needlessly on code of the form `shr word [forwardref],1'. Thanks to
1920 Jim Hague for sending a patch.
1922 \b All messages now appear on stdout, as sending them to stderr serves
1923 no useful purpose other than to make redirection difficult.
1925 \b Fixed the problem with EQUs pointing to an external symbol - this
1926 now generates an error message.
1928 \b Allowed multiple size prefixes to an operand, of which only the first
1929 is taken into account.
1931 \b Incorporated John Fine's changes, including fixes of a large number
1932 of preprocessor bugs, some small problems in OBJ, and a reworking of
1933 label handling to define labels before their line is assembled, rather
1936 \b Reformatted a lot of the source code to be more readable. Included
1937 'coding.txt' as a guideline for how to format code for contributors.
1939 \b Stopped nested \c{%reps} causing a panic - they now cause a slightly more
1940 friendly error message instead.
1942 \b Fixed floating point constant problems (patch by Pedro Gimeno)
1944 \b Fixed the return value of insn_size() not being checked for -1, indicating
1947 \b Incorporated 3Dnow! instructions.
1949 \b Fixed the 'mov eax, eax + ebx' bug.
1951 \b Fixed the GLOBAL EQU bug in ELF. Released developers release 3.
1953 \b Incorporated John Fine's command line parsing changes
1955 \b Incorporated David Lindauer's OMF debug support
1957 \b Made changes for LCC 4.0 support (\c{__NASM_CDecl__}, removed register size
1958 specification warning when sizes agree).
1961 \H{cl-0.9x} NASM 0.9 Series
1963 Revisions before 0.98.
1966 \S{cl-0.97} Version 0.97 released December 1997
1968 \b This was entirely a bug-fix release to 0.96, which seems to have got
1971 \b Fixed stupid mistake in OBJ which caused `MOV EAX,<constant>' to
1972 fail. Caused by an error in the `MOV EAX,<segment>' support.
1974 \b ndisasm hung at EOF when compiled with lcc on Linux because lcc on
1975 Linux somehow breaks feof(). ndisasm now does not rely on feof().
1977 \b A heading in the documentation was missing due to a markup error in
1978 the indexing. Fixed.
1980 \b Fixed failure to update all pointers on realloc() within extended-
1981 operand code in parser.c. Was causing wrong behaviour and seg faults
1982 on lines such as `dd 0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,...'
1984 \b Fixed a subtle preprocessor bug whereby invoking one multi-line
1985 macro on the first line of the expansion of another, when the second
1986 had been invoked with a label defined before it, didn't expand the
1989 \b Added internal.doc back in to the distribution archives - it was
1990 missing in 0.96 *blush*
1992 \b Fixed bug causing 0.96 to be unable to assemble its own test files,
1993 specifically objtest.asm. *blush again*
1995 \b Fixed seg-faults and bogus error messages caused by mismatching
1996 \c{%rep} and \c{%endrep} within multi-line macro definitions.
1998 \b Fixed a problem with buffer overrun in OBJ, which was causing
1999 corruption at ends of long PUBDEF records.
2001 \b Separated DOS archives into main-program and documentation to reduce
2005 \S{cl-0.96} Version 0.96 released November 1997
2007 \b Fixed a bug whereby, if `nasm sourcefile' would cause a filename
2008 collision warning and put output into `nasm.out', then `nasm
2009 sourcefile -o outputfile' still gave the warning even though the
2011 Fixed name pollution under Digital UNIX: one of its header files
2012 defined R_SP, which broke the enum in nasm.h.
2014 \b Fixed minor instruction table problems: FUCOM and FUCOMP didn't have
2015 two-operand forms; NDISASM didn't recognise the longer register
2016 forms of PUSH and POP (eg FF F3 for PUSH BX); TEST mem,imm32 was
2017 flagged as undocumented; the 32-bit forms of CMOV had 16-bit operand
2018 size prefixes; `AAD imm' and `AAM imm' are no longer flagged as
2019 undocumented because the Intel Architecture reference documents
2022 \b Fixed a problem with the local-label mechanism, whereby strange
2023 types of symbol (EQUs, auto-defined OBJ segment base symbols)
2024 interfered with the `previous global label' value and screwed up
2027 \b Fixed a bug whereby the stub preprocessor didn't communicate with
2028 the listing file generator, so that the -a and -l options in
2029 conjunction would produce a useless listing file.
2031 \b Merged `os2' object file format back into `obj', after discovering
2032 that `obj' _also_ shouldn't have a link pass separator in a module
2033 containing a non-trivial MODEND. Flat segments are now declared
2034 using the FLAT attribute. `os2' is no longer a valid object format
2037 \b Removed the fixed-size temporary storage in the evaluator. Very very
2038 long expressions (like `mov ax,1+1+1+1+...' for two hundred 1s or
2039 so) should now no longer crash NASM.
2041 \b Fixed a bug involving segfaults on disassembly of MMX instructions,
2042 by changing the meaning of one of the operand-type flags in nasm.h.
2043 This may cause other apparently unrelated MMX problems; it needs to
2044 be tested thoroughly.
2046 \b Fixed some buffer overrun problems with large OBJ output files.
2047 Thanks to DJ Delorie for the bug report and fix.
2049 \b Made preprocess-only mode actually listen to the \c{%line} markers as it
2050 prints them, so that it can report errors more sanely.
2052 \b Re-designed the evaluator to keep more sensible track of expressions
2053 involving forward references: can now cope with previously-nightmare
2060 \b Added the ALIGN and ALIGNB standard macros.
2062 \b Added PIC support in ELF: use of WRT to obtain the four extra
2063 relocation types needed.
2065 \b Added the ability for output file formats to define their own
2066 extensions to the GLOBAL, COMMON and EXTERN directives.
2068 \b Implemented common-variable alignment, and global-symbol type and
2069 size declarations, in ELF.
2071 \b Implemented NEAR and FAR keywords for common variables, plus
2072 far-common element size specification, in OBJ.
2074 \b Added a feature whereby EXTERNs and COMMONs in OBJ can be given a
2075 default WRT specification (either a segment or a group).
2077 \b Transformed the Unix NASM archive into an auto-configuring package.
2079 \b Added a sanity-check for people applying SEG to things which are
2080 already segment bases: this previously went unnoticed by the SEG
2081 processing and caused OBJ-driver panics later.
2083 \b Added the ability, in OBJ format, to deal with `MOV EAX,<segment>'
2084 type references: OBJ doesn't directly support dword-size segment
2085 base fixups, but as long as the low two bytes of the constant term
2086 are zero, a word-size fixup can be generated instead and it will
2089 \b Added the ability to specify sections' alignment requirements in
2090 Win32 object files and pure binary files.
2092 \b Added preprocess-time expression evaluation: the \c{%assign} (and
2093 \c{%iassign}) directive and the bare \c{%if} (and \c{%elif}) conditional. Added
2094 relational operators to the evaluator, for use only in \c{%if}
2095 constructs: the standard relationals = < > <= >= <> (and C-like
2096 synonyms == and !=) plus low-precedence logical operators &&, ^^ and
2099 \b Added a preprocessor repeat construct: \c{%rep} / \c{%exitrep} / \c{%endrep}.
2101 \b Added the __FILE__ and __LINE__ standard macros.
2103 \b Added a sanity check for number constants being greater than
2104 0xFFFFFFFF. The warning can be disabled.
2106 \b Added the %0 token whereby a variadic multi-line macro can tell how
2107 many parameters it's been given in a specific invocation.
2109 \b Added \c{%rotate}, allowing multi-line macro parameters to be cycled.
2111 \b Added the `*' option for the maximum parameter count on multi-line
2112 macros, allowing them to take arbitrarily many parameters.
2114 \b Added the ability for the user-level forms of EXTERN, GLOBAL and
2115 COMMON to take more than one argument.
2117 \b Added the IMPORT and EXPORT directives in OBJ format, to deal with
2120 \b Added some more preprocessor \c{%if} constructs: \c{%ifidn} / \c{%ifidni} (exact
2121 textual identity), and \c{%ifid} / \c{%ifnum} / \c{%ifstr} (token type testing).
2123 \b Added the ability to distinguish SHL AX,1 (the 8086 version) from
2124 SHL AX,BYTE 1 (the 286-and-upwards version whose constant happens to
2127 \b Added NetBSD/FreeBSD/OpenBSD's variant of a.out format, complete
2128 with PIC shared library features.
2130 \b Changed NASM's idiosyncratic handling of FCLEX, FDISI, FENI, FINIT,
2131 FSAVE, FSTCW, FSTENV, and FSTSW to bring it into line with the
2132 otherwise accepted standard. The previous behaviour, though it was a
2133 deliberate feature, was a deliberate feature based on a
2134 misunderstanding. Apologies for the inconvenience.
2136 \b Improved the flexibility of ABSOLUTE: you can now give it an
2137 expression rather than being restricted to a constant, and it can
2138 take relocatable arguments as well.
2140 \b Added the ability for a variable to be declared as EXTERN multiple
2141 times, and the subsequent definitions are just ignored.
2143 \b We now allow instruction prefixes (CS, DS, LOCK, REPZ etc) to be
2144 alone on a line (without a following instruction).
2146 \b Improved sanity checks on whether the arguments to EXTERN, GLOBAL
2147 and COMMON are valid identifiers.
2149 \b Added misc/exebin.mac to allow direct generation of .EXE files by
2150 hacking up an EXE header using DB and DW; also added test/binexe.asm
2151 to demonstrate the use of this. Thanks to Yann Guidon for
2152 contributing the EXE header code.
2154 \b ndisasm forgot to check whether the input file had been successfully
2155 opened. Now it does. Doh!
2157 \b Added the Cyrix extensions to the MMX instruction set.
2159 \b Added a hinting mechanism to allow [EAX+EBX] and [EBX+EAX] to be
2160 assembled differently. This is important since [ESI+EBP] and
2161 [EBP+ESI] have different default base segment registers.
2163 \b Added support for the PharLap OMF extension for 4096-byte segment
2167 \S{cl-0.95 released July 1997} Version 0.95 released July 1997
2169 \b Fixed yet another ELF bug. This one manifested if the user relied on
2170 the default segment, and attempted to define global symbols without
2171 first explicitly declaring the target segment.
2173 \b Added makefiles (for NASM and the RDF tools) to build Win32 console
2174 apps under Symantec C++. Donated by Mark Junker.
2176 \b Added `macros.bas' and `insns.bas', QBasic versions of the Perl
2177 scripts that convert `standard.mac' to `macros.c' and convert
2178 `insns.dat' to `insnsa.c' and `insnsd.c'. Also thanks to Mark
2181 \b Changed the diassembled forms of the conditional instructions so
2182 that JB is now emitted as JC, and other similar changes. Suggested
2183 list by Ulrich Doewich.
2185 \b Added `@' to the list of valid characters to begin an identifier
2188 \b Documentary changes, notably the addition of the `Common Problems'
2189 section in nasm.doc.
2191 \b Fixed a bug relating to 32-bit PC-relative fixups in OBJ.
2193 \b Fixed a bug in perm_copy() in labels.c which was causing exceptions
2194 in cleanup_labels() on some systems.
2196 \b Positivity sanity check in TIMES argument changed from a warning to
2197 an error following a further complaint.
2199 \b Changed the acceptable limits on byte and word operands to allow
2200 things like `~10111001b' to work.
2202 \b Fixed a major problem in the preprocessor which caused seg-faults if
2203 macro definitions contained blank lines or comment-only lines.
2205 \b Fixed inadequate error checking on the commas separating the
2206 arguments to `db', `dw' etc.
2208 \b Fixed a crippling bug in the handling of macros with operand counts
2209 defined with a `+' modifier.
2211 \b Fixed a bug whereby object file formats which stored the input file
2212 name in the output file (such as OBJ and COFF) weren't doing so
2213 correctly when the output file name was specified on the command
2216 \b Removed [INC] and [INCLUDE] support for good, since they were
2219 \b Fixed a bug in OBJ which caused all fixups to be output in 16-bit
2220 (old-format) FIXUPP records, rather than putting the 32-bit ones in
2221 FIXUPP32 (new-format) records.
2223 \b Added, tentatively, OS/2 object file support (as a minor variant on
2226 \b Updates to Fox Cutter's Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2.
2228 \b Removed a spurious second fclose() on the output file.
2230 \b Added the `-s' command line option to redirect all messages which
2231 would go to stderr (errors, help text) to stdout instead.
2233 \b Added the `-w' command line option to selectively suppress some
2234 classes of assembly warning messages.
2236 \b Added the `-p' pre-include and `-d' pre-define command-line options.
2238 \b Added an include file search path: the `-i' command line option.
2240 \b Fixed a silly little preprocessor bug whereby starting a line with a
2241 `%!' environment-variable reference caused an `unknown directive'
2244 \b Added the long-awaited listing file support: the `-l' command line
2247 \b Fixed a problem with OBJ format whereby, in the absence of any
2248 explicit segment definition, non-global symbols declared in the
2249 implicit default segment generated spurious EXTDEF records in the
2252 \b Added the NASM environment variable.
2254 \b From this version forward, Win32 console-mode binaries will be
2255 included in the DOS distribution in addition to the 16-bit binaries.
2256 Added Makefile.vc for this purpose.
2258 \b Added `return 0;' to test/objlink.c to prevent compiler warnings.
2260 \b Added the __NASM_MAJOR__ and __NASM_MINOR__ standard defines.
2262 \b Added an alternative memory-reference syntax in which prefixing an
2263 operand with `&' is equivalent to enclosing it in square brackets,
2264 at the request of Fox Cutter.
2266 \b Errors in pass two now cause the program to return a non-zero error
2267 code, which they didn't before.
2269 \b Fixed the single-line macro cycle detection, which didn't work at
2270 all on macros with no parameters (caused an infinite loop). Also
2271 changed the behaviour of single-line macro cycle detection to work
2272 like cpp, so that macros like `extrn' as given in the documentation
2275 \b Fixed the implementation of WRT, which was too restrictive in that
2276 you couldn't do `mov ax,[di+abc wrt dgroup]' because (di+abc) wasn't
2277 a relocatable reference.
2280 \S{cl-0.94 released April 1997} Version 0.94 released April 1997
2283 \b Major item: added the macro processor.
2285 \b Added undocumented instructions SMI, IBTS, XBTS and LOADALL286. Also
2286 reorganised CMPXCHG instruction into early-486 and Pentium forms.
2287 Thanks to Thobias Jones for the information.
2289 \b Fixed two more stupid bugs in ELF, which were causing `ld' to
2290 continue to seg-fault in a lot of non-trivial cases.
2292 \b Fixed a seg-fault in the label manager.
2294 \b Stopped FBLD and FBSTP from _requiring_ the TWORD keyword, which is
2295 the only option for BCD loads/stores in any case.
2297 \b Ensured FLDCW, FSTCW and FSTSW can cope with the WORD keyword, if
2298 anyone bothers to provide it. Previously they complained unless no
2299 keyword at all was present.
2301 \b Some forms of FDIV/FDIVR and FSUB/FSUBR were still inverted: a
2302 vestige of a bug that I thought had been fixed in 0.92. This was
2303 fixed, hopefully for good this time...
2305 \b Another minor phase error (insofar as a phase error can _ever_ be
2306 minor) fixed, this one occurring in code of the form
2308 \c rol ax,forward_reference
2309 \c forward_reference equ 1
2311 \b The number supplied to TIMES is now sanity-checked for positivity,
2312 and also may be greater than 64K (which previously didn't work on
2315 \b Added Watcom C makefiles, and misc/pmw.bat, donated by Dominik Behr.
2317 \b Added the INCBIN pseudo-opcode.
2319 \b Due to the advent of the preprocessor, the [INCLUDE] and [INC]
2320 directives have become obsolete. They are still supported in this
2321 version, with a warning, but won't be in the next.
2323 \b Fixed a bug in OBJ format, which caused incorrect object records to
2324 be output when absolute labels were made global.
2326 \b Updates to RDOFF subdirectory, and changes to outrdf.c.
2329 \S{cl-0.93 released January 1997} Version 0.93 released January 1997
2331 This release went out in a great hurry after semi-crippling bugs
2334 \b Really \e{did} fix the stack overflows this time. *blush*
2336 \b Had problems with EA instruction sizes changing between passes, when
2337 an offset contained a forward reference and so 4 bytes were
2338 allocated for the offset in pass one; by pass two the symbol had
2339 been defined and happened to be a small absolute value, so only 1
2340 byte got allocated, causing instruction size mismatch between passes
2341 and hence incorrect address calculations. Fixed.
2343 \b Stupid bug in the revised ELF section generation fixed (associated
2344 string-table section for .symtab was hard-coded as 7, even when this
2345 didn't fit with the real section table). Was causing `ld' to
2346 seg-fault under Linux.
2348 \b Included a new Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2, donated by Fox
2349 Cutter <lmb@comtch.iea.com>.
2352 \S{cl-0.92 released January 1997} Version 0.92 released January 1997
2354 \b The FDIVP/FDIVRP and FSUBP/FSUBRP pairs had been inverted: this was
2355 fixed. This also affected the LCC driver.
2357 \b Fixed a bug regarding 32-bit effective addresses of the form
2358 \c{[other_register+ESP]}.
2360 \b Documentary changes, notably documentation of the fact that Borland
2361 Win32 compilers use `obj' rather than `win32' object format.
2363 \b Fixed the COMENT record in OBJ files, which was formatted
2366 \b Fixed a bug causing segfaults in large RDF files.
2368 \b OBJ format now strips initial periods from segment and group
2369 definitions, in order to avoid complications with the local label
2372 \b Fixed a bug in disassembling far calls and jumps in NDISASM.
2374 \b Added support for user-defined sections in COFF and ELF files.
2376 \b Compiled the DOS binaries with a sensible amount of stack, to
2377 prevent stack overflows on any arithmetic expression containing
2380 \b Fixed a bug in handling of files that do not terminate in a newline.
2383 \S{cl-0.91 released November 1996} Version 0.91 released November 1996
2385 \b Loads of bug fixes.
2387 \b Support for RDF added.
2389 \b Support for DBG debugging format added.
2391 \b Support for 32-bit extensions to Microsoft OBJ format added.
2393 \b Revised for Borland C: some variable names changed, makefile added.
2395 \b LCC support revised to actually work.
2397 \b JMP/CALL NEAR/FAR notation added.
2399 \b `a16', `o16', `a32' and `o32' prefixes added.
2401 \b Range checking on short jumps implemented.
2403 \b MMX instruction support added.
2405 \b Negative floating point constant support added.
2407 \b Memory handling improved to bypass 64K barrier under DOS.
2409 \b \c{$} prefix to force treatment of reserved words as identifiers added.
2411 \b Default-size mechanism for object formats added.
2413 \b Compile-time configurability added.
2415 \b \c{#}, \c{@}, \c{~} and c\{?} are now valid characters in labels.
2417 \b \c{-e} and \c{-k} options in NDISASM added.
2420 \S{cl-0.90 released October 1996} Version 0.90 released October 1996
2422 First release version. First support for object file output. Other
2423 changes from previous version (0.3x) too numerous to document.