insns.pl

   1 #!/usr/bin/perl
   2 ## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3 ##
   4 ##   Copyright 1996-2012 The NASM Authors - All Rights Reserved
   5 ##   See the file AUTHORS included with the NASM distribution for
   6 ##   the specific copyright holders.
   7 ##
   8 ##   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9 ##   modification, are permitted provided that the following
  10 ##   conditions are met:
  11 ##
  12 ##   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  13 ##     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  14 ##   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
  15 ##     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
  16 ##     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
  17 ##     with the distribution.
  18 ##
  19 ##     THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
  20 ##     CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
  21 ##     INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  22 ##     MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
  23 ##     DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
  24 ##     CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  25 ##     SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  26 ##     NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
  27 ##     LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28 ##     HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
  29 ##     CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
  30 ##     OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
  31 ##     EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  32 ##
  33 ## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  34
  35 #
  36 # insns.pl
  37 #
  38 # Parse insns.dat and produce generated source code files
  39
  40 # Opcode prefixes which need their own opcode tables
  41 # LONGER PREFIXES FIRST!
  42 @disasm_prefixes = qw(0F24 0F25 0F38 0F3A 0F7A 0FA6 0FA7 0F);
  43
  44 # This should match MAX_OPERANDS from nasm.h
  45 $MAX_OPERANDS = 5;
  46
  47 # Add VEX/XOP prefixes
  48 @vex_class = ( 'vex', 'xop' );
  49 $vex_classes = scalar(@vex_class);
  50 @vexlist = ();
  51 %vexmap = ();
  52 for ($c = 0; $c < $vex_classes; $c++) {
  53     $vexmap{$vex_class[$c]} = $c;
  54     for ($m = 0; $m < 32; $m++) {
  55         for ($p = 0; $p < 4; $p++) {
  56             push(@vexlist, sprintf("%s%02X%01X", $vex_class[$c], $m, $p));
  57         }
  58     }
  59 }
  60 @disasm_prefixes = (@vexlist, @disasm_prefixes);
  61
  62 @bytecode_count = (0) x 256;
  63
  64 print STDERR "Reading insns.dat...\n";
  65
  66 @args   = ();
  67 undef $output;
  68 foreach $arg ( @ARGV ) {
  69     if ( $arg =~ /^\-/ ) {
  70         if  ( $arg =~ /^\-([abdin])$/ ) {
  71             $output = $1;
  72         } else {
  73             die "$0: Unknown option: ${arg}\n";
  74         }
  75     } else {
  76         push (@args, $arg);
  77     }
  78 }
  79
  80 $fname = "insns.dat" unless $fname = $args[0];
  81 open (F, $fname) || die "unable to open $fname";
  82
  83 %dinstables = ();
  84 @bytecode_list = ();
  85
  86 $line = 0;
  87 $insns = 0;
  88 while (<F>) {
  89     $line++;
  90     chomp;
  91     next if ( /^\s*(\;.*|)$/ );   # comments or blank lines
  92
  93     unless (/^\s*(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+|\[.*\])\s+(\S+)\s*$/) {
  94         warn "line $line does not contain four fields\n";
  95         next;
  96     }
  97     @fields = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
  98     @field_list = ([@fields, 0]);
  99
 100     if ($fields[1] =~ /\*/) {
 101         # This instruction has relaxed form(s)
 102         if ($fields[2] !~ /^\[/) {
 103             warn "line $line has an * operand but uses raw bytecodes\n";
 104             next;
 105         }
 106
 107         $opmask = 0;
 108         @ops = split(/,/, $fields[1]);
 109         for ($oi = 0; $oi < scalar @ops; $oi++) {
 110             if ($ops[$oi] =~ /\*$/) {
 111                 if ($oi == 0) {
 112                     warn "line $line has a first operand with a *\n";
 113                     next;
 114                 }
 115                 $opmask |= 1 << $oi;
 116             }
 117         }
 118
 119         for ($oi = 1; $oi < (1 << scalar @ops); $oi++) {
 120             if (($oi & ~$opmask) == 0) {
 121                 my @xops = ();
 122                 my $omask = ~$oi;
 123                 for ($oj = 0; $oj < scalar(@ops); $oj++) {
 124                     if ($omask & 1) {
 125                         push(@xops, $ops[$oj]);
 126                     }
 127                     $omask >>= 1;
 128                 }
 129                 push(@field_list, [$fields[0], join(',', @xops),
 130                      $fields[2], $fields[3], $oi]);
 131             }
 132         }
 133     }
 134
 135     foreach $fptr (@field_list) {
 136         @fields = @$fptr;
 137         ($formatted, $nd) = format_insn(@fields);
 138         if ($formatted) {
 139             $insns++;
 140             $aname = "aa_$fields[0]";
 141             push @$aname, $formatted;
 142         }
 143         if ( $fields[0] =~ /cc$/ ) {
 144             # Conditional instruction
 145             $k_opcodes_cc{$fields[0]}++;
 146         } else {
 147             # Unconditional instruction
 148             $k_opcodes{$fields[0]}++;
 149         }
 150         if ($formatted && !$nd) {
 151             push @big, $formatted;
 152             my @sseq = startseq($fields[2], $fields[4]);
 153             foreach $i (@sseq) {
 154                 if (!defined($dinstables{$i})) {
 155                     $dinstables{$i} = [];
 156                 }
 157                 push(@{$dinstables{$i}}, $#big);
 158             }
 159         }
 160     }
 161 }
 162
 163 close F;
 164
 165 #
 166 # Generate the bytecode array.  At this point, @bytecode_list contains
 167 # the full set of bytecodes.
 168 #
 169
 170 # Sort by descending length
 171 @bytecode_list = sort { scalar(@$b) <=> scalar(@$a) } @bytecode_list;
 172 @bytecode_array = ();
 173 %bytecode_pos = ();
 174 $bytecode_next = 0;
 175 foreach $bl (@bytecode_list) {
 176     my $h = hexstr(@$bl);
 177     next if (defined($bytecode_pos{$h}));
 178
 179     push(@bytecode_array, $bl);
 180     while ($h ne '') {
 181         $bytecode_pos{$h} = $bytecode_next;
 182         $h = substr($h, 2);
 183         $bytecode_next++;
 184     }
 185 }
 186 undef @bytecode_list;
 187
 188 @opcodes    = sort keys(%k_opcodes);
 189 @opcodes_cc = sort keys(%k_opcodes_cc);
 190
 191 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'b') {
 192     print STDERR "Writing insnsb.c...\n";
 193
 194     open B, ">insnsb.c";
 195
 196     print B "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 197         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 198
 199     print B "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 200     print B "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 201
 202     print B "const uint8_t nasm_bytecodes[$bytecode_next] = {\n";
 203
 204     $p = 0;
 205     foreach $bl (@bytecode_array) {
 206         printf B "    /* %5d */ ", $p;
 207         foreach $d (@$bl) {
 208             printf B "%#o,", $d;
 209             $p++;
 210         }
 211         printf B "\n";
 212     }
 213     print B "};\n";
 214
 215     print B "\n";
 216     print B "/*\n";
 217     print B " * Bytecode frequencies (including reuse):\n";
 218     print B " *\n";
 219     for ($i = 0; $i < 32; $i++) {
 220         print B " *";
 221         for ($j = 0; $j < 256; $j += 32) {
 222             print B " |" if ($j);
 223             printf B " %3o:%4d", $i+$j, $bytecode_count[$i+$j];
 224         }
 225         print B "\n";
 226     }
 227     print B " */\n";
 228
 229     close B;
 230 }
 231
 232 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'a' ) {
 233     print STDERR "Writing insnsa.c...\n";
 234
 235     open A, ">insnsa.c";
 236
 237     print A "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 238         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 239
 240     print A "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 241     print A "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 242
 243     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 244         print A "static const struct itemplate instrux_${i}[] = {\n";
 245         $aname = "aa_$i";
 246         foreach $j (@$aname) {
 247             print A "    ", codesubst($j), "\n";
 248         }
 249         print A "    ITEMPLATE_END\n};\n\n";
 250     }
 251     print A "const struct itemplate * const nasm_instructions[] = {\n";
 252     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 253         print A "    instrux_${i},\n";
 254     }
 255     print A "};\n";
 256
 257     close A;
 258 }
 259
 260 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'd' ) {
 261     print STDERR "Writing insnsd.c...\n";
 262
 263     open D, ">insnsd.c";
 264
 265     print D "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 266         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 267
 268     print D "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 269     print D "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 270
 271     print D "static const struct itemplate instrux[] = {\n";
 272     $n = 0;
 273     foreach $j (@big) {
 274         printf D "    /* %4d */ %s\n", $n++, codesubst($j);
 275     }
 276     print D "};\n";
 277
 278     foreach $h (sort(keys(%dinstables))) {
 279         next if ($h eq ''); # Skip pseudo-instructions
 280             print D "\nstatic const struct itemplate * const itable_${h}[] = {\n";
 281         foreach $j (@{$dinstables{$h}}) {
 282             print D "    instrux + $j,\n";
 283         }
 284         print D "};\n";
 285     }
 286
 287     @prefix_list = ();
 288     foreach $h (@disasm_prefixes, '') {
 289         for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
 290             $nn = sprintf("%s%02X", $h, $c);
 291             if ($is_prefix{$nn} || defined($dinstables{$nn})) {
 292                 # At least one entry in this prefix table
 293                 push(@prefix_list, $h);
 294                 $is_prefix{$h} = 1;
 295                 last;
 296             }
 297         }
 298     }
 299
 300     foreach $h (@prefix_list) {
 301         print D "\n";
 302         print D "static " unless ($h eq '');
 303         print D "const struct disasm_index ";
 304         print D ($h eq '') ? 'itable' : "itable_$h";
 305         print D "[256] = {\n";
 306         for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
 307             $nn = sprintf("%s%02X", $h, $c);
 308             if ($is_prefix{$nn}) {
 309                 die "$fname: ambiguous decoding of $nn\n"
 310                     if (defined($dinstables{$nn}));
 311                 printf D "    /* 0x%02x */ { itable_%s, -1 },\n", $c, $nn;
 312             } elsif (defined($dinstables{$nn})) {
 313                 printf D "    /* 0x%02x */ { itable_%s, %u },\n", $c,
 314                        $nn, scalar(@{$dinstables{$nn}});
 315             } else {
 316                 printf D "    /* 0x%02x */ { NULL, 0 },\n", $c;
 317             }
 318         }
 319         print D "};\n";
 320     }
 321
 322     printf D "\nconst struct disasm_index * const itable_vex[%d][32][4] =\n",
 323         $vex_classes;
 324     print D "{\n";
 325     for ($c = 0; $c < $vex_classes; $c++) {
 326         print D "    {\n";
 327         for ($m = 0; $m < 32; $m++) {
 328             print D "        { ";
 329             for ($p = 0; $p < 4; $p++) {
 330                 $vp = sprintf("%s%02X%01X", $vex_class[$c], $m, $p);
 331                 printf D "%-15s",
 332                        ($is_prefix{$vp} ? sprintf("itable_%s,", $vp) : 'NULL,');
 333             }
 334             print D "},\n";
 335         }
 336         print D "    },\n";
 337     }
 338     print D "};\n";
 339
 340     close D;
 341 }
 342
 343 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'i' ) {
 344     print STDERR "Writing insnsi.h...\n";
 345
 346     open I, ">insnsi.h";
 347
 348     print I "/* This file is auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 349         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 350     print I "/* This file in included by nasm.h */\n\n";
 351
 352     print I "/* Instruction names */\n\n";
 353     print I "#ifndef NASM_INSNSI_H\n";
 354     print I "#define NASM_INSNSI_H 1\n\n";
 355     print I "enum opcode {\n";
 356     $maxlen = 0;
 357     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 358         print I "\tI_${i},\n";
 359         $len = length($i);
 360         $len++ if ( $i =~ /cc$/ ); # Condition codes can be 3 characters long
 361         $maxlen = $len if ( $len > $maxlen );
 362     }
 363     print I "\tI_none = -1\n";
 364     print I "};\n\n";
 365     print I "#define MAX_INSLEN ", $maxlen, "\n";
 366     print I "#define FIRST_COND_OPCODE I_", $opcodes_cc[0], "\n\n";
 367     print I "#endif /* NASM_INSNSI_H */\n";
 368
 369     close I;
 370 }
 371
 372 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'n' ) {
 373     print STDERR "Writing insnsn.c...\n";
 374
 375     open N, ">insnsn.c";
 376
 377     print N "/* This file is auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 378         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 379     print N "#include \"tables.h\"\n\n";
 380
 381     print N "const char * const nasm_insn_names[] = {";
 382     $first = 1;
 383     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 384         print N "," if ( !$first );
 385         $first = 0;
 386         $ilower = $i;
 387         $ilower =~ s/cc$//;             # Remove conditional cc suffix
 388         $ilower =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;         # Change to lower case (Perl 4 compatible)
 389         print N "\n\t\"${ilower}\"";
 390     }
 391     print N "\n};\n";
 392     close N;
 393 }
 394
 395 printf STDERR "Done: %d instructions\n", $insns;
 396
 397 # Count primary bytecodes, for statistics
 398 sub count_bytecodes(@) {
 399     my $skip = 0;
 400     foreach my $bc (@_) {
 401         if ($skip) {
 402             $skip--;
 403             next;
 404         }
 405         $bytecode_count[$bc]++;
 406         if ($bc >= 01 && $bc <= 04) {
 407             $skip = $bc;
 408         } elsif (($bc & ~03) == 010) {
 409             $skip = 1;
 410         } elsif (($bc & ~013) == 0144) {
 411             $skip = 1;
 412         } elsif ($bc == 0172 || $bc == 0173) {
 413             $skip = 1;
 414         } elsif ($bc >= 0260 && $bc <= 0270) {
 415             $skip = 2;
 416         } elsif ($bc == 0330) {
 417             $skip = 1;
 418         }
 419     }
 420 }
 421
 422 sub format_insn($$$$$) {
 423     my ($opcode, $operands, $codes, $flags, $relax) = @_;
 424     my $num, $nd = 0;
 425     my @bytecode;
 426     my $op, @ops, $opp, @opx, @oppx;
 427
 428     return (undef, undef) if $operands eq "ignore";
 429
 430     # format the operands
 431     $operands =~ s/\*//g;
 432     $operands =~ s/:/|colon,/g;
 433     @ops = ();
 434     if ($operands ne 'void') {
 435         foreach $op (split(/,/, $operands)) {
 436             @opx = ();
 437             foreach $opp (split(/\|/, $op)) {
 438                 @oppx = ();
 439                 if ($opp =~ s/(?<=\D)(8|16|32|64|80|128|256)$//) {
 440                     push(@oppx, "bits$1");
 441                 }
 442                 $opp =~ s/^mem$/memory/;
 443                 $opp =~ s/^memory_offs$/mem_offs/;
 444                 $opp =~ s/^imm$/immediate/;
 445                 $opp =~ s/^([a-z]+)rm$/rm_$1/;
 446                 $opp =~ s/^rm$/rm_gpr/;
 447                 $opp =~ s/^reg$/reg_gpr/;
 448                 push(@opx, $opp, @oppx);
 449             }
 450             $op = join('|', @opx);
 451             push(@ops, $op);
 452         }
 453     }
 454
 455     $num = scalar(@ops);
 456     while (scalar(@ops) < $MAX_OPERANDS) {
 457         push(@ops, '0');
 458     }
 459     $operands = join(',', @ops);
 460     $operands =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;
 461
 462     # format the flags
 463     $flags =~ s/,/|IF_/g;
 464     $flags =~ s/(\|IF_ND|IF_ND\|)//, $nd = 1 if $flags =~ /IF_ND/;
 465     $flags = "IF_" . $flags;
 466
 467     @bytecode = (decodify($codes, $relax), 0);
 468     push(@bytecode_list, [@bytecode]);
 469     $codes = hexstr(@bytecode);
 470     count_bytecodes(@bytecode);
 471
 472     ("{I_$opcode, $num, {$operands}, \@\@CODES-$codes\@\@, $flags},", $nd);
 473 }
 474
 475 #
 476 # Look for @@CODES-xxx@@ sequences and replace them with the appropriate
 477 # offset into nasm_bytecodes
 478 #
 479 sub codesubst($) {
 480     my($s) = @_;
 481     my $n;
 482
 483     while ($s =~ /\@\@CODES-([0-9A-F]+)\@\@/) {
 484         my $pos = $bytecode_pos{$1};
 485         if (!defined($pos)) {
 486             die "$fname: no position assigned to byte code $1\n";
 487         }
 488         $s = $` . "nasm_bytecodes+${pos}" . "$'";
 489     }
 490     return $s;
 491 }
 492
 493 sub addprefix ($@) {
 494     my ($prefix, @list) = @_;
 495     my $x;
 496     my @l = ();
 497
 498     foreach $x (@list) {
 499         push(@l, sprintf("%s%02X", $prefix, $x));
 500     }
 501
 502     return @l;
 503 }
 504
 505 #
 506 # Turn a code string into a sequence of bytes
 507 #
 508 sub decodify($$) {
 509   # Although these are C-syntax strings, by convention they should have
 510   # only octal escapes (for directives) and hexadecimal escapes
 511   # (for verbatim bytes)
 512     my($codestr, $relax) = @_;
 513
 514     if ($codestr =~ /^\s*\[([^\]]*)\]\s*$/) {
 515         return byte_code_compile($1, $relax);
 516     }
 517
 518     my $c = $codestr;
 519     my @codes = ();
 520
 521     unless ($codestr eq 'ignore') {
 522         while ($c ne '') {
 523             if ($c =~ /^\\x([0-9a-f]+)(.*)$/i) {
 524                 push(@codes, hex $1);
 525                 $c = $2;
 526                 next;
 527             } elsif ($c =~ /^\\([0-7]{1,3})(.*)$/) {
 528                 push(@codes, oct $1);
 529                 $c = $2;
 530                 next;
 531             } else {
 532                 die "$fname: unknown code format in \"$codestr\"\n";
 533             }
 534         }
 535     }
 536
 537     return @codes;
 538 }
 539
 540 # Turn a numeric list into a hex string
 541 sub hexstr(@) {
 542     my $s = '';
 543     my $c;
 544
 545     foreach $c (@_) {
 546         $s .= sprintf("%02X", $c);
 547     }
 548     return $s;
 549 }
 550
 551 # Here we determine the range of possible starting bytes for a given
 552 # instruction. We need only consider the codes:
 553 # \[1234]      mean literal bytes, of course
 554 # \1[0123]     mean byte plus register value
 555 # \330         means byte plus condition code
 556 # \0 or \340   mean give up and return empty set
 557 # \34[4567]    mean PUSH/POP of segment registers: special case
 558 # \17[234]     skip is4 control byte
 559 # \26x \270    skip VEX control bytes
 560 sub startseq($$) {
 561     my ($codestr, $relax) = @_;
 562     my $word, @range;
 563     my @codes = ();
 564     my $c = $codestr;
 565     my $c0, $c1, $i;
 566     my $prefix = '';
 567
 568     @codes = decodify($codestr, $relax);
 569
 570     while ($c0 = shift(@codes)) {
 571         $c1 = $codes[0];
 572         if ($c0 >= 01 && $c0 <= 04) {
 573             # Fixed byte string
 574             my $fbs = $prefix;
 575             while (1) {
 576                 if ($c0 >= 01 && $c0 <= 04) {
 577                     while ($c0--) {
 578                         $fbs .= sprintf("%02X", shift(@codes));
 579                     }
 580                 } else {
 581                     last;
 582                 }
 583                 $c0 = shift(@codes);
 584             }
 585
 586             foreach $pfx (@disasm_prefixes) {
 587                 if (substr($fbs, 0, length($pfx)) eq $pfx) {
 588                     $prefix = $pfx;
 589                     $fbs = substr($fbs, length($pfx));
 590                     last;
 591                 }
 592             }
 593
 594             if ($fbs ne '') {
 595                 return ($prefix.substr($fbs,0,2));
 596             }
 597
 598             unshift(@codes, $c0);
 599         } elsif ($c0 >= 010 && $c0 <= 013) {
 600             return addprefix($prefix, $c1..($c1+7));
 601         } elsif (($c0 & ~013) == 0144) {
 602             return addprefix($prefix, $c1, $c1|2);
 603         } elsif ($c0 == 0330) {
 604             return addprefix($prefix, $c1..($c1+15));
 605         } elsif ($c0 == 0 || $c0 == 0340) {
 606             return $prefix;
 607         } elsif (($c0 & ~3) == 0260 || $c0 == 0270) {
 608             my $c,$m,$wlp;
 609             $m   = shift(@codes);
 610             $wlp = shift(@codes);
 611             $c = ($m >> 6);
 612             $m = $m & 31;
 613             $prefix .= sprintf('%s%02X%01X', $vex_class[$c], $m, $wlp & 3);
 614         } elsif ($c0 >= 0172 && $c0 <= 173) {
 615             shift(@codes);      # Skip is4 control byte
 616         } else {
 617             # We really need to be able to distinguish "forbidden"
 618             # and "ignorable" codes here
 619         }
 620     }
 621     return $prefix;
 622 }
 623
 624 #
 625 # This function takes a series of byte codes in a format which is more
 626 # typical of the Intel documentation, and encode it.
 627 #
 628 # The format looks like:
 629 #
 630 # [operands: opcodes]
 631 #
 632 # The operands word lists the order of the operands:
 633 #
 634 # r = register field in the modr/m
 635 # m = modr/m
 636 # v = VEX "v" field
 637 # i = immediate
 638 # s = register field of is4/imz2 field
 639 # - = implicit (unencoded) operand
 640 #
 641 # For an operand that should be filled into more than one field,
 642 # enter it as e.g. "r+v".
 643 #
 644 sub byte_code_compile($$) {
 645     my($str, $relax) = @_;
 646     my $opr;
 647     my $opc;
 648     my @codes = ();
 649     my $litix = undef;
 650     my %oppos = ();
 651     my $i;
 652     my $op, $oq;
 653     my $opex;
 654
 655     my %imm_codes = (
 656         'ib'        => 020,     # imm8
 657         'ib,u'      => 024,     # Unsigned imm8
 658         'iw'        => 030,     # imm16
 659         'ib,s'      => 0274,    # imm8 sign-extended to opsize or bits
 660         'iwd'       => 034,     # imm16 or imm32, depending on opsize
 661         'id'        => 040,     # imm32
 662         'id,s'      => 0254,    # imm32 sign-extended to 64 bits
 663         'iwdq'      => 044,     # imm16/32/64, depending on addrsize
 664         'rel8'      => 050,
 665         'iq'        => 054,
 666         'rel16'     => 060,
 667         'rel'       => 064,     # 16 or 32 bit relative operand
 668         'rel32'     => 070,
 669         'seg'       => 074,
 670     );
 671     my %plain_codes = (
 672         'o16'       => 0320,    # 16-bit operand size
 673         'o32'       => 0321,    # 32-bit operand size
 674         'odf'       => 0322,    # Operand size is default
 675         'o64'       => 0324,    # 64-bit operand size requiring REX.W
 676         'o64nw'     => 0323,    # Implied 64-bit operand size (no REX.W)
 677         'a16'       => 0310,
 678         'a32'       => 0311,
 679         'adf'       => 0312,    # Address size is default
 680         'a64'       => 0313,
 681         '!osp'      => 0364,
 682         '!asp'      => 0365,
 683         'f2i'       => 0332,    # F2 prefix, but 66 for operand size is OK
 684         'f3i'       => 0333,    # F3 prefix, but 66 for operand size is OK
 685         'mustrep'   => 0336,
 686         'mustrepne' => 0337,
 687         'rex.l'     => 0334,
 688         'norexb'    => 0314,
 689         'norexx'    => 0315,
 690         'norexr'    => 0316,
 691         'norexw'    => 0317,
 692         'repe'      => 0335,
 693         'nohi'      => 0325,    # Use spl/bpl/sil/dil even without REX
 694         'nof3'      => 0326,    # No REP 0xF3 prefix permitted
 695         'norep'     => 0331,    # No REP prefix permitted
 696         'wait'      => 0341,    # Needs a wait prefix
 697         'resb'      => 0340,
 698         'jcc8'      => 0370,    # Match only if Jcc possible with single byte
 699         'jmp8'      => 0371,    # Match only if JMP possible with single byte
 700         'jlen'      => 0373,    # Length of jump
 701         'hlexr'     => 0271,
 702         'hlenl'     => 0272,
 703         'hle'       => 0273,
 704
 705         # This instruction takes XMM VSIB
 706         'vsibx'     => 0374,
 707         'vm32x'     => 0374,
 708         'vm64x'     => 0374,
 709
 710         # This instruction takes YMM VSIB
 711         'vsiby'     => 0375,
 712         'vm32y'     => 0375,
 713         'vm64y'     => 0375
 714     );
 715
 716     unless ($str =~ /^(([^\s:]*)\:|)\s*(.*\S)\s*$/) {
 717         die "$fname: $line: cannot parse: [$str]\n";
 718     }
 719     $opr = "\L$2";
 720     $opc = "\L$3";
 721
 722     my $op = 0;
 723     for ($i = 0; $i < length($opr); $i++) {
 724         my $c = substr($opr,$i,1);
 725         if ($c eq '+') {
 726             $op--;
 727         } else {
 728             if ($relax & 1) {
 729                 $op--;
 730             }
 731             $relax >>= 1;
 732             $oppos{$c} = $op++;
 733         }
 734     }
 735
 736     my $last_imm = 'h';
 737     my $prefix_ok = 1;
 738     foreach $op (split(/\s*(?:\s|(?=[\/\\]))/, $opc)) {
 739         my $pc = $plain_codes{$op};
 740
 741         if (defined $pc) {
 742             # Plain code
 743             push(@codes, $pc);
 744         } elsif ($prefix_ok && $op =~ /^(66|f2|f3|np)$/) {
 745             # 66/F2/F3 prefix used as an opcode extension, or np = no prefix
 746             if ($op eq '66') {
 747                 push(@codes, 0361);
 748             } elsif ($op eq 'f2') {
 749                 push(@codes, 0332);
 750             } elsif ($op eq 'f3') {
 751                 push(@codes, 0333);
 752             } else {
 753                 push(@codes, 0360);
 754             }
 755         } elsif ($op =~ /^[0-9a-f]{2}$/) {
 756             if (defined($litix) && $litix+$codes[$litix]+1 == scalar @codes &&
 757                 $codes[$litix] < 4) {
 758                 $codes[$litix]++;
 759                 push(@codes, hex $op);
 760             } else {
 761                 $litix = scalar(@codes);
 762                 push(@codes, 01, hex $op);
 763             }
 764             $prefix_ok = 0;
 765         } elsif ($op eq '/r') {
 766             if (!defined($oppos{'r'}) || !defined($oppos{'m'})) {
 767                 die "$fname: $line: $op requires r and m operands\n";
 768             }
 769             $opex = (($oppos{'m'} & 4) ? 06 : 0) |
 770                 (($oppos{'r'} & 4) ? 05 : 0);
 771             push(@codes, $opex) if ($opex);
 772             push(@codes, 0100 + (($oppos{'m'} & 3) << 3) + ($oppos{'r'} & 3));
 773             $prefix_ok = 0;
 774         } elsif ($op =~ m:^/([0-7])$:) {
 775             if (!defined($oppos{'m'})) {
 776                 die "$fname: $line: $op requires m operand\n";
 777             }
 778             push(@codes, 06) if ($oppos{'m'} & 4);
 779             push(@codes, 0200 + (($oppos{'m'} & 3) << 3) + $1);
 780             $prefix_ok = 0;
 781         } elsif ($op =~ /^(vex|xop)(|\..*)$/) {
 782             my $c = $vexmap{$1};
 783             my ($m,$w,$l,$p) = (undef,2,undef,0);
 784             my $has_nds = 0;
 785             my @subops = split(/\./, $op);
 786             shift @subops;      # Drop prefix
 787                 foreach $oq (@subops) {
 788                     if ($oq eq '128' || $oq eq 'l0' || $oq eq 'lz') {
 789                         $l = 0;
 790                     } elsif ($oq eq '256' || $oq eq 'l1') {
 791                         $l = 1;
 792                     } elsif ($oq eq 'lig') {
 793                         $l = 2;
 794                     } elsif ($oq eq 'w0') {
 795                         $w = 0;
 796                     } elsif ($oq eq 'w1') {
 797                         $w = 1;
 798                     } elsif ($oq eq 'wig') {
 799                         $w = 2;
 800                     } elsif ($oq eq 'ww') {
 801                         $w = 3;
 802                     } elsif ($oq eq 'p0') {
 803                         $p = 0;
 804                     } elsif ($oq eq '66' || $oq eq 'p1') {
 805                         $p = 1;
 806                     } elsif ($oq eq 'f3' || $oq eq 'p2') {
 807                         $p = 2;
 808                     } elsif ($oq eq 'f2' || $oq eq 'p3') {
 809                         $p = 3;
 810                     } elsif ($oq eq '0f') {
 811                         $m = 1;
 812                     } elsif ($oq eq '0f38') {
 813                         $m = 2;
 814                     } elsif ($oq eq '0f3a') {
 815                         $m = 3;
 816                     } elsif ($oq =~ /^m([0-9]+)$/) {
 817                         $m = $1+0;
 818                     } elsif ($oq eq 'nds' || $oq eq 'ndd' || $oq eq 'dds') {
 819                         if (!defined($oppos{'v'})) {
 820                             die "$fname: $line: vex.$oq without 'v' operand\n";
 821                         }
 822                         $has_nds = 1;
 823                     } else {
 824                         die "$fname: $line: undefined VEX subcode: $oq\n";
 825                     }
 826                 }
 827             if (!defined($m) || !defined($w) || !defined($l) || !defined($p)) {
 828                 die "$fname: $line: missing fields in VEX specification\n";
 829             }
 830             if (defined($oppos{'v'}) && !$has_nds) {
 831                 die "$fname: $line: 'v' operand without vex.nds or vex.ndd\n";
 832             }
 833             push(@codes, defined($oppos{'v'}) ? 0260+($oppos{'v'} & 3) : 0270,
 834                  ($c << 6)+$m, ($w << 4)+($l << 2)+$p);
 835             $prefix_ok = 0;
 836         } elsif (defined $imm_codes{$op}) {
 837             if ($op eq 'seg') {
 838                 if ($last_imm lt 'i') {
 839                     die "$fname: $line: seg without an immediate operand\n";
 840                 }
 841             } else {
 842                 $last_imm++;
 843                 if ($last_imm gt 'j') {
 844                     die "$fname: $line: too many immediate operands\n";
 845                 }
 846             }
 847             if (!defined($oppos{$last_imm})) {
 848                 die "$fname: $line: $op without '$last_imm' operand\n";
 849             }
 850             push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{$last_imm} & 4);
 851             push(@codes, $imm_codes{$op} + ($oppos{$last_imm} & 3));
 852             $prefix_ok = 0;
 853         } elsif ($op eq '/is4') {
 854             if (!defined($oppos{'s'})) {
 855                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 's' operand\n";
 856             }
 857             if (defined($oppos{'i'})) {
 858                 push(@codes, 0172, ($oppos{'s'} << 3)+$oppos{'i'});
 859             } else {
 860                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'s'} & 4);
 861                 push(@codes, 0174+($oppos{'s'} & 3));
 862             }
 863             $prefix_ok = 0;
 864         } elsif ($op =~ /^\/is4\=([0-9]+)$/) {
 865             my $imm = $1;
 866             if (!defined($oppos{'s'})) {
 867                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 's' operand\n";
 868             }
 869             if ($imm < 0 || $imm > 15) {
 870                 die "$fname: $line: invalid imm4 value for $op: $imm\n";
 871             }
 872             push(@codes, 0173, ($oppos{'s'} << 4) + $imm);
 873             $prefix_ok = 0;
 874         } elsif ($op =~ /^([0-9a-f]{2})\+c$/) {
 875             push(@codes, 0330, hex $1);
 876             $prefix_ok = 0;
 877         } elsif ($op =~ /^([0-9a-f]{2})\+r$/) {
 878             if (!defined($oppos{'r'})) {
 879                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 'r' operand\n";
 880             }
 881             push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'r'} & 4);
 882             push(@codes, 010 + ($oppos{'r'} & 3), hex $1);
 883             $prefix_ok = 0;
 884         } elsif ($op =~ /^\\([0-7]+|x[0-9a-f]{2})$/) {
 885             # Escape to enter literal bytecodes
 886             push(@codes, oct $1);
 887         } else {
 888             die "$fname: $line: unknown operation: $op\n";
 889         }
 890     }
 891
 892     return @codes;
 893 }