insns.pl

   1 #!/usr/bin/perl
   2 ## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3 ##
   4 ##   Copyright 1996-2009 The NASM Authors - All Rights Reserved
   5 ##   See the file AUTHORS included with the NASM distribution for
   6 ##   the specific copyright holders.
   7 ##
   8 ##   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9 ##   modification, are permitted provided that the following
  10 ##   conditions are met:
  11 ##
  12 ##   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  13 ##     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  14 ##   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
  15 ##     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
  16 ##     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
  17 ##     with the distribution.
  18 ##
  19 ##     THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
  20 ##     CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
  21 ##     INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  22 ##     MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
  23 ##     DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
  24 ##     CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  25 ##     SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  26 ##     NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
  27 ##     LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28 ##     HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
  29 ##     CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
  30 ##     OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
  31 ##     EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  32 ##
  33 ## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  34
  35 #
  36 # insns.pl
  37 #
  38 # Parse insns.dat and produce generated source code files
  39
  40 # Opcode prefixes which need their own opcode tables
  41 # LONGER PREFIXES FIRST!
  42 @disasm_prefixes = qw(0F24 0F25 0F38 0F3A 0F7A 0FA6 0FA7 0F);
  43
  44 # This should match MAX_OPERANDS from nasm.h
  45 $MAX_OPERANDS = 5;
  46
  47 # Add VEX/XOP prefixes
  48 @vex_class = ( 'vex', 'xop' );
  49 $vex_classes = scalar(@vex_class);
  50 @vexlist = ();
  51 %vexmap = ();
  52 for ($c = 0; $c < $vex_classes; $c++) {
  53     $vexmap{$vex_class[$c]} = $c;
  54     for ($m = 0; $m < 32; $m++) {
  55         for ($lp = 0; $lp < 8; $lp++) {
  56             push(@vexlist, sprintf("%s%02X%01X", $vex_class[$c], $m, $lp));
  57         }
  58     }
  59 }
  60 @disasm_prefixes = (@vexlist, @disasm_prefixes);
  61
  62 @bytecode_count = (0) x 256;
  63
  64 print STDERR "Reading insns.dat...\n";
  65
  66 @args   = ();
  67 undef $output;
  68 foreach $arg ( @ARGV ) {
  69     if ( $arg =~ /^\-/ ) {
  70         if  ( $arg =~ /^\-([abdin])$/ ) {
  71             $output = $1;
  72         } else {
  73             die "$0: Unknown option: ${arg}\n";
  74         }
  75     } else {
  76         push (@args, $arg);
  77     }
  78 }
  79
  80 $fname = "insns.dat" unless $fname = $args[0];
  81 open (F, $fname) || die "unable to open $fname";
  82
  83 %dinstables = ();
  84 @bytecode_list = ();
  85
  86 $line = 0;
  87 $insns = 0;
  88 while (<F>) {
  89     $line++;
  90     chomp;
  91     next if ( /^\s*(\;.*|)$/ );   # comments or blank lines
  92
  93     unless (/^\s*(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+|\[.*\])\s+(\S+)\s*$/) {
  94         warn "line $line does not contain four fields\n";
  95         next;
  96     }
  97     @fields = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
  98     @field_list = ([@fields, 0]);
  99
 100     if ($fields[1] =~ /\*/) {
 101         # This instruction has relaxed form(s)
 102         if ($fields[2] !~ /^\[/) {
 103             warn "line $line has an * operand but uses raw bytecodes\n";
 104             next;
 105         }
 106
 107         $opmask = 0;
 108         @ops = split(/,/, $fields[1]);
 109         for ($oi = 0; $oi < scalar @ops; $oi++) {
 110             if ($ops[$oi] =~ /\*$/) {
 111                 if ($oi == 0) {
 112                     warn "line $line has a first operand with a *\n";
 113                     next;
 114                 }
 115                 $opmask |= 1 << $oi;
 116             }
 117         }
 118
 119         for ($oi = 1; $oi < (1 << scalar @ops); $oi++) {
 120             if (($oi & ~$opmask) == 0) {
 121                 my @xops = ();
 122                 my $omask = ~$oi;
 123                 for ($oj = 0; $oj < scalar(@ops); $oj++) {
 124                     if ($omask & 1) {
 125                         push(@xops, $ops[$oj]);
 126                     }
 127                     $omask >>= 1;
 128                 }
 129                 push(@field_list, [$fields[0], join(',', @xops),
 130                                    $fields[2], $fields[3], $oi]);
 131             }
 132         }
 133     }
 134
 135     foreach $fptr (@field_list) {
 136         @fields = @$fptr;
 137         ($formatted, $nd) = format_insn(@fields);
 138         if ($formatted) {
 139             $insns++;
 140             $aname = "aa_$fields[0]";
 141             push @$aname, $formatted;
 142         }
 143         if ( $fields[0] =~ /cc$/ ) {
 144             # Conditional instruction
 145             $k_opcodes_cc{$fields[0]}++;
 146         } else {
 147             # Unconditional instruction
 148             $k_opcodes{$fields[0]}++;
 149         }
 150         if ($formatted && !$nd) {
 151             push @big, $formatted;
 152             my @sseq = startseq($fields[2], $fields[4]);
 153             foreach $i (@sseq) {
 154                 if (!defined($dinstables{$i})) {
 155                     $dinstables{$i} = [];
 156                 }
 157                 push(@{$dinstables{$i}}, $#big);
 158             }
 159         }
 160     }
 161 }
 162
 163 close F;
 164
 165 #
 166 # Generate the bytecode array.  At this point, @bytecode_list contains
 167 # the full set of bytecodes.
 168 #
 169
 170 # Sort by descending length
 171 @bytecode_list = sort { scalar(@$b) <=> scalar(@$a) } @bytecode_list;
 172 @bytecode_array = ();
 173 %bytecode_pos = ();
 174 $bytecode_next = 0;
 175 foreach $bl (@bytecode_list) {
 176     my $h = hexstr(@$bl);
 177     next if (defined($bytecode_pos{$h}));
 178
 179     push(@bytecode_array, $bl);
 180     while ($h ne '') {
 181         $bytecode_pos{$h} = $bytecode_next;
 182         $h = substr($h, 2);
 183         $bytecode_next++;
 184     }
 185 }
 186 undef @bytecode_list;
 187
 188 @opcodes    = sort keys(%k_opcodes);
 189 @opcodes_cc = sort keys(%k_opcodes_cc);
 190
 191 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'b') {
 192     print STDERR "Writing insnsb.c...\n";
 193
 194     open B, ">insnsb.c";
 195
 196     print B "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 197         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 198
 199     print B "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 200     print B "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 201
 202     print B "const uint8_t nasm_bytecodes[$bytecode_next] = {\n";
 203
 204     $p = 0;
 205     foreach $bl (@bytecode_array) {
 206         printf B "    /* %5d */ ", $p;
 207         foreach $d (@$bl) {
 208             printf B "%#o,", $d;
 209             $p++;
 210         }
 211         printf B "\n";
 212     }
 213     print B "};\n";
 214
 215     print B "\n";
 216     print B "/*\n";
 217     print B " * Bytecode frequencies (including reuse):\n";
 218     print B " *\n";
 219     for ($i = 0; $i < 32; $i++) {
 220         print B " *";
 221         for ($j = 0; $j < 256; $j += 32) {
 222             print B " |" if ($j);
 223             printf B " %3o:%4d", $i+$j, $bytecode_count[$i+$j];
 224         }
 225         print B "\n";
 226     }
 227     print B " */\n";
 228
 229     close B;
 230 }
 231
 232 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'a' ) {
 233     print STDERR "Writing insnsa.c...\n";
 234
 235     open A, ">insnsa.c";
 236
 237     print A "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 238         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 239
 240     print A "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 241     print A "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 242
 243     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 244         print A "static const struct itemplate instrux_${i}[] = {\n";
 245         $aname = "aa_$i";
 246         foreach $j (@$aname) {
 247             print A "    ", codesubst($j), "\n";
 248         }
 249         print A "    ITEMPLATE_END\n};\n\n";
 250     }
 251     print A "const struct itemplate * const nasm_instructions[] = {\n";
 252     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 253         print A "    instrux_${i},\n";
 254     }
 255     print A "};\n";
 256
 257     close A;
 258 }
 259
 260 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'd' ) {
 261     print STDERR "Writing insnsd.c...\n";
 262
 263     open D, ">insnsd.c";
 264
 265     print D "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 266         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 267
 268     print D "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 269     print D "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 270
 271     print D "static const struct itemplate instrux[] = {\n";
 272     $n = 0;
 273     foreach $j (@big) {
 274         printf D "    /* %4d */ %s\n", $n++, codesubst($j);
 275     }
 276     print D "};\n";
 277
 278     foreach $h (sort(keys(%dinstables))) {
 279         next if ($h eq '');     # Skip pseudo-instructions
 280         print D "\nstatic const struct itemplate * const itable_${h}[] = {\n";
 281         foreach $j (@{$dinstables{$h}}) {
 282             print D "    instrux + $j,\n";
 283         }
 284         print D "};\n";
 285     }
 286
 287     @prefix_list = ();
 288     foreach $h (@disasm_prefixes, '') {
 289         for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
 290             $nn = sprintf("%s%02X", $h, $c);
 291             if ($is_prefix{$nn} || defined($dinstables{$nn})) {
 292                 # At least one entry in this prefix table
 293                 push(@prefix_list, $h);
 294                 $is_prefix{$h} = 1;
 295                 last;
 296             }
 297         }
 298     }
 299
 300     foreach $h (@prefix_list) {
 301         print D "\n";
 302         print D "static " unless ($h eq '');
 303         print D "const struct disasm_index ";
 304         print D ($h eq '') ? 'itable' : "itable_$h";
 305         print D "[256] = {\n";
 306         for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
 307             $nn = sprintf("%s%02X", $h, $c);
 308             if ($is_prefix{$nn}) {
 309                 die "$fname: ambiguous decoding of $nn\n"
 310                     if (defined($dinstables{$nn}));
 311                 printf D "    { itable_%s, -1 },\n", $nn;
 312             } elsif (defined($dinstables{$nn})) {
 313                 printf D "    { itable_%s, %u },\n",
 314                 $nn, scalar(@{$dinstables{$nn}});
 315             } else {
 316                 printf D "    { NULL, 0 },\n";
 317             }
 318         }
 319         print D "};\n";
 320     }
 321
 322     printf D "\nconst struct disasm_index * const itable_vex[%d][32][8] =\n",
 323         $vex_classes;
 324     print D "{\n";
 325     for ($c = 0; $c < $vex_classes; $c++) {
 326         print D "    {\n";
 327         for ($m = 0; $m < 32; $m++) {
 328             print D "        {\n";
 329             for ($lp = 0; $lp < 8; $lp++) {
 330                 $vp = sprintf("%s%02X%01X", $vex_class[$c], $m, $lp);
 331                 if ($is_prefix{$vp}) {
 332                     printf D "            itable_%s,\n", $vp;
 333                 } else {
 334                     print  D "            NULL,\n";
 335                 }
 336             }
 337             print D "        },\n";
 338         }
 339         print D "    },\n";
 340     }
 341     print D "};\n";
 342
 343     close D;
 344 }
 345
 346 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'i' ) {
 347     print STDERR "Writing insnsi.h...\n";
 348
 349     open I, ">insnsi.h";
 350
 351     print I "/* This file is auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 352         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 353     print I "/* This file in included by nasm.h */\n\n";
 354
 355     print I "/* Instruction names */\n\n";
 356     print I "#ifndef NASM_INSNSI_H\n";
 357     print I "#define NASM_INSNSI_H 1\n\n";
 358     print I "enum opcode {\n";
 359     $maxlen = 0;
 360     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 361         print I "\tI_${i},\n";
 362         $len = length($i);
 363         $len++ if ( $i =~ /cc$/ ); # Condition codes can be 3 characters long
 364         $maxlen = $len if ( $len > $maxlen );
 365     }
 366     print I "\tI_none = -1\n";
 367     print I "\n};\n\n";
 368     print I "#define MAX_INSLEN ", $maxlen, "\n";
 369     print I "#define FIRST_COND_OPCODE I_", $opcodes_cc[0], "\n\n";
 370     print I "#endif /* NASM_INSNSI_H */\n";
 371
 372     close I;
 373 }
 374
 375 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'n' ) {
 376     print STDERR "Writing insnsn.c...\n";
 377
 378     open N, ">insnsn.c";
 379
 380     print N "/* This file is auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 381         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 382     print N "#include \"tables.h\"\n\n";
 383
 384     print N "const char * const nasm_insn_names[] = {";
 385     $first = 1;
 386     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 387         print N "," if ( !$first );
 388         $first = 0;
 389         $ilower = $i;
 390         $ilower =~ s/cc$//;     # Remove conditional cc suffix
 391         $ilower =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/; # Change to lower case (Perl 4 compatible)
 392         print N "\n\t\"${ilower}\"";
 393     }
 394     print N "\n};\n";
 395     close N;
 396 }
 397
 398 printf STDERR "Done: %d instructions\n", $insns;
 399
 400 # Count primary bytecodes, for statistics
 401 sub count_bytecodes(@) {
 402     my $skip = 0;
 403     foreach my $bc (@_) {
 404         if ($skip) {
 405             $skip--;
 406             next;
 407         }
 408         $bytecode_count[$bc]++;
 409         if ($bc >= 01 && $bc <= 04) {
 410             $skip = $bc;
 411         } elsif (($bc & ~03) == 010) {
 412             $skip = 1;
 413         } elsif (($bc & ~013) == 0144) {
 414             $skip = 1;
 415         } elsif ($bc == 0172) {
 416             $skip = 1;
 417         } elsif ($bc >= 0260 && $bc <= 0270) {
 418             $skip = 2;
 419         } elsif ($bc == 0330) {
 420             $skip = 1;
 421         }
 422     }
 423 }
 424
 425 sub format_insn($$$$$) {
 426     my ($opcode, $operands, $codes, $flags, $relax) = @_;
 427     my $num, $nd = 0;
 428     my @bytecode;
 429
 430     return (undef, undef) if $operands eq "ignore";
 431
 432     # format the operands
 433     $operands =~ s/\*//g;
 434     $operands =~ s/:/|colon,/g;
 435     $operands =~ s/mem(\d+)/mem|bits$1/g;
 436     $operands =~ s/mem/memory/g;
 437     $operands =~ s/memory_offs/mem_offs/g;
 438     $operands =~ s/imm(\d+)/imm|bits$1/g;
 439     $operands =~ s/imm/immediate/g;
 440     $operands =~ s/rm(\d+)/rm_gpr|bits$1/g;
 441     $operands =~ s/(mmx|xmm|ymm)rm/rm_$1/g;
 442     $operands =~ s/\=([0-9]+)/same_as|$1/g;
 443     if ($operands eq 'void') {
 444         @ops = ();
 445     } else {
 446         @ops = split(/\,/, $operands);
 447     }
 448     $num = scalar(@ops);
 449     while (scalar(@ops) < $MAX_OPERANDS) {
 450         push(@ops, '0');
 451     }
 452     $operands = join(',', @ops);
 453     $operands =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;
 454
 455     # format the flags
 456     $flags =~ s/,/|IF_/g;
 457     $flags =~ s/(\|IF_ND|IF_ND\|)//, $nd = 1 if $flags =~ /IF_ND/;
 458     $flags = "IF_" . $flags;
 459
 460     @bytecode = (decodify($codes, $relax), 0);
 461     push(@bytecode_list, [@bytecode]);
 462     $codes = hexstr(@bytecode);
 463     count_bytecodes(@bytecode);
 464
 465     ("{I_$opcode, $num, {$operands}, \@\@CODES-$codes\@\@, $flags},", $nd);
 466 }
 467
 468 #
 469 # Look for @@CODES-xxx@@ sequences and replace them with the appropriate
 470 # offset into nasm_bytecodes
 471 #
 472 sub codesubst($) {
 473     my($s) = @_;
 474     my $n;
 475
 476     while ($s =~ /\@\@CODES-([0-9A-F]+)\@\@/) {
 477         my $pos = $bytecode_pos{$1};
 478         if (!defined($pos)) {
 479             die "$fname: no position assigned to byte code $1\n";
 480         }
 481         $s = $` . "nasm_bytecodes+${pos}" . "$'";
 482     }
 483     return $s;
 484 }
 485
 486 sub addprefix ($@) {
 487     my ($prefix, @list) = @_;
 488     my $x;
 489     my @l = ();
 490
 491     foreach $x (@list) {
 492         push(@l, sprintf("%s%02X", $prefix, $x));
 493     }
 494
 495     return @l;
 496 }
 497
 498 #
 499 # Turn a code string into a sequence of bytes
 500 #
 501 sub decodify($$) {
 502   # Although these are C-syntax strings, by convention they should have
 503   # only octal escapes (for directives) and hexadecimal escapes
 504   # (for verbatim bytes)
 505     my($codestr, $relax) = @_;
 506
 507     if ($codestr =~ /^\s*\[([^\]]*)\]\s*$/) {
 508         return byte_code_compile($1, $relax);
 509     }
 510
 511     my $c = $codestr;
 512     my @codes = ();
 513
 514     while ($c ne '') {
 515         if ($c =~ /^\\x([0-9a-f]+)(.*)$/i) {
 516             push(@codes, hex $1);
 517             $c = $2;
 518             next;
 519         } elsif ($c =~ /^\\([0-7]{1,3})(.*)$/) {
 520             push(@codes, oct $1);
 521             $c = $2;
 522             next;
 523         } else {
 524             die "$fname: unknown code format in \"$codestr\"\n";
 525         }
 526     }
 527
 528     return @codes;
 529 }
 530
 531 # Turn a numeric list into a hex string
 532 sub hexstr(@) {
 533     my $s = '';
 534     my $c;
 535
 536     foreach $c (@_) {
 537         $s .= sprintf("%02X", $c);
 538     }
 539     return $s;
 540 }
 541
 542 # Here we determine the range of possible starting bytes for a given
 543 # instruction. We need only consider the codes:
 544 # \[1234]      mean literal bytes, of course
 545 # \1[0123]     mean byte plus register value
 546 # \330         means byte plus condition code
 547 # \0 or \340   mean give up and return empty set
 548 # \34[4567]    mean PUSH/POP of segment registers: special case
 549 # \17[234]     skip is4 control byte
 550 # \26x \270    skip VEX control bytes
 551 sub startseq($$) {
 552     my ($codestr, $relax) = @_;
 553     my $word, @range;
 554     my @codes = ();
 555     my $c = $codestr;
 556     my $c0, $c1, $i;
 557     my $prefix = '';
 558
 559     @codes = decodify($codestr, $relax);
 560
 561     while ($c0 = shift(@codes)) {
 562         $c1 = $codes[0];
 563         if ($c0 >= 01 && $c0 <= 04) {
 564             # Fixed byte string
 565             my $fbs = $prefix;
 566             while (1) {
 567                 if ($c0 >= 01 && $c0 <= 04) {
 568                     while ($c0--) {
 569                         $fbs .= sprintf("%02X", shift(@codes));
 570                     }
 571                 } else {
 572                     last;
 573                 }
 574                 $c0 = shift(@codes);
 575             }
 576
 577             foreach $pfx (@disasm_prefixes) {
 578                 if (substr($fbs, 0, length($pfx)) eq $pfx) {
 579                     $prefix = $pfx;
 580                     $fbs = substr($fbs, length($pfx));
 581                     last;
 582                 }
 583             }
 584
 585             if ($fbs ne '') {
 586                 return ($prefix.substr($fbs,0,2));
 587             }
 588
 589             unshift(@codes, $c0);
 590         } elsif ($c0 >= 010 && $c0 <= 013) {
 591             return addprefix($prefix, $c1..($c1+7));
 592         } elsif (($c0 & ~013) == 0144) {
 593             return addprefix($prefix, $c1, $c1|2);
 594         } elsif ($c0 == 0330) {
 595             return addprefix($prefix, $c1..($c1+15));
 596         } elsif ($c0 == 0 || $c0 == 0340) {
 597             return $prefix;
 598         } elsif ($c0 == 0344) {
 599             return addprefix($prefix, 0x06, 0x0E, 0x16, 0x1E);
 600         } elsif ($c0 == 0345) {
 601             return addprefix($prefix, 0x07, 0x17, 0x1F);
 602         } elsif ($c0 == 0346) {
 603             return addprefix($prefix, 0xA0, 0xA8);
 604         } elsif ($c0 == 0347) {
 605             return addprefix($prefix, 0xA1, 0xA9);
 606         } elsif (($c0 & ~3) == 0260 || $c0 == 0270) {
 607             my $c,$m,$wlp;
 608             $m   = shift(@codes);
 609             $wlp = shift(@codes);
 610             $c = ($m >> 6);
 611             $m = $m & 31;
 612             $prefix .= sprintf('%s%02X%01X', $vex_class[$c], $m, $wlp & 7);
 613         } elsif ($c0 >= 0172 && $c0 <= 174) {
 614             shift(@codes);      # Skip is4 control byte
 615         } else {
 616             # We really need to be able to distinguish "forbidden"
 617             # and "ignorable" codes here
 618         }
 619     }
 620     return $prefix;
 621 }
 622
 623 #
 624 # This function takes a series of byte codes in a format which is more
 625 # typical of the Intel documentation, and encode it.
 626 #
 627 # The format looks like:
 628 #
 629 # [operands: opcodes]
 630 #
 631 # The operands word lists the order of the operands:
 632 #
 633 # r = register field in the modr/m
 634 # m = modr/m
 635 # v = VEX "v" field
 636 # d = DREX "dst" field
 637 # i = immediate
 638 # s = register field of is4/imz2 field
 639 # - = implicit (unencoded) operand
 640 #
 641 # For an operand that should be filled into more than one field,
 642 # enter it as e.g. "r+v".
 643 #
 644 sub byte_code_compile($$) {
 645     my($str, $relax) = @_;
 646     my $opr;
 647     my $opc;
 648     my @codes = ();
 649     my $litix = undef;
 650     my %oppos = ();
 651     my $i;
 652     my $op, $oq;
 653     my $opex;
 654
 655     unless ($str =~ /^(([^\s:]*)\:|)\s*(.*\S)\s*$/) {
 656         die "$fname: $line: cannot parse: [$str]\n";
 657     }
 658     $opr = "\L$2";
 659     $opc = "\L$3";
 660
 661     my $op = 0;
 662     for ($i = 0; $i < length($opr); $i++) {
 663         my $c = substr($opr,$i,1);
 664         if ($c eq '+') {
 665             $op--;
 666         } else {
 667             if ($relax & 1) {
 668                 $op--;
 669             }
 670             $relax >>= 1;
 671             $oppos{$c} = $op++;
 672         }
 673     }
 674
 675     $prefix_ok = 1;
 676     foreach $op (split(/\s*(?:\s|(?=[\/\\]))/, $opc)) {
 677         if ($op eq 'o16') {
 678             push(@codes, 0320);
 679         } elsif ($op eq 'o32') {
 680             push(@codes, 0321);
 681         } elsif ($op eq 'o64') {  # 64-bit operand size requiring REX.W
 682             push(@codes, 0324);
 683         } elsif ($op eq 'o64nw') { # Implied 64-bit operand size (no REX.W)
 684             push(@codes, 0323);
 685         } elsif ($op eq 'a16') {
 686             push(@codes, 0310);
 687         } elsif ($op eq 'a32') {
 688             push(@codes, 0311);
 689         } elsif ($op eq 'a64') {
 690             push(@codes, 0313);
 691         } elsif ($op eq '!osp') {
 692             push(@codes, 0364);
 693         } elsif ($op eq '!asp') {
 694             push(@codes, 0365);
 695         } elsif ($op eq 'rex.l') {
 696             push(@codes, 0334);
 697         } elsif ($op eq 'repe') {
 698             push(@codes, 0335);
 699         } elsif ($op eq 'nohi') { # Use spl/bpl/sil/dil even without REX
 700             push(@codes, 0325);
 701         } elsif ($prefix_ok && $op =~ /^(66|f2|f3|np)$/) {
 702             # 66/F2/F3 prefix used as an opcode extension, or np = no prefix
 703             if ($op eq '66') {
 704                 push(@codes, 0361);
 705             } elsif ($op eq 'f2') {
 706                 push(@codes, 0362);
 707             } elsif ($op eq 'f3') {
 708                 push(@codes, 0363);
 709             } else {
 710                 push(@codes, 0360);
 711             }
 712         } elsif ($op =~ /^[0-9a-f]{2}$/) {
 713             if (defined($litix) && $litix+$codes[$litix]+1 == scalar @codes &&
 714                 $codes[$litix] < 4) {
 715                 $codes[$litix]++;
 716                 push(@codes, hex $op);
 717             } else {
 718                 $litix = scalar(@codes);
 719                 push(@codes, 01, hex $op);
 720             }
 721             $prefix_ok = 0;
 722         } elsif ($op eq '/r') {
 723             if (!defined($oppos{'r'}) || !defined($oppos{'m'})) {
 724                 die "$fname: $line: $op requires r and m operands\n";
 725             }
 726             $opex = (($oppos{'m'} & 4) ? 06 : 0) |
 727                     (($oppos{'r'} & 4) ? 05 : 0);
 728             push(@codes, $opex) if ($opex);
 729             push(@codes, 0100 + (($oppos{'m'} & 3) << 3) + ($oppos{'r'} & 3));
 730             $prefix_ok = 0;
 731         } elsif ($op =~ m:^/([0-7])$:) {
 732             if (!defined($oppos{'m'})) {
 733                 die "$fname: $line: $op requires m operand\n";
 734             }
 735             push(@codes, 06) if ($oppos{'m'} & 4);
 736             push(@codes, 0200 + (($oppos{'m'} & 3) << 3) + $1);
 737             $prefix_ok = 0;
 738         } elsif ($op =~ /^(vex|xop)(|\..*)$/) {
 739             my $c = $vexmap{$1};
 740             my ($m,$w,$l,$p) = (undef,2,undef,0);
 741             my $has_nds = 0;
 742             my @subops = split(/\./, $op);
 743             shift @subops;      # Drop prefix
 744             foreach $oq (@subops) {
 745                 if ($oq eq '128' || $oq eq 'l0') {
 746                     $l = 0;
 747                 } elsif ($oq eq '256' || $oq eq 'l1') {
 748                     $l = 1;
 749                 } elsif ($oq eq 'w0') {
 750                     $w = 0;
 751                 } elsif ($oq eq 'w1') {
 752                     $w = 1;
 753                 } elsif ($oq eq 'wx') {
 754                     $w = 2;
 755                 } elsif ($oq eq 'ww') {
 756                     $w = 3;
 757                 } elsif ($oq eq 'p0') {
 758                     $p = 0;
 759                 } elsif ($oq eq '66' || $oq eq 'p1') {
 760                     $p = 1;
 761                 } elsif ($oq eq 'f3' || $oq eq 'p2') {
 762                     $p = 2;
 763                 } elsif ($oq eq 'f2' || $oq eq 'p3') {
 764                     $p = 3;
 765                 } elsif ($oq eq '0f') {
 766                     $m = 1;
 767                 } elsif ($oq eq '0f38') {
 768                     $m = 2;
 769                 } elsif ($oq eq '0f3a') {
 770                     $m = 3;
 771                 } elsif ($oq =~ /^m([0-9]+)$/) {
 772                     $m = $1+0;
 773                 } elsif ($oq eq 'nds' || $oq eq 'ndd' || $oq eq 'dds') {
 774                     if (!defined($oppos{'v'})) {
 775                         die "$fname: $line: vex.$oq without 'v' operand\n";
 776                     }
 777                     $has_nds = 1;
 778                 } else {
 779                     die "$fname: $line: undefined VEX subcode: $oq\n";
 780                 }
 781             }
 782             if (!defined($m) || !defined($w) || !defined($l) || !defined($p)) {
 783                 die "$fname: $line: missing fields in VEX specification\n";
 784             }
 785             if (defined($oppos{'v'}) && !$has_nds) {
 786                 die "$fname: $line: 'v' operand without vex.nds or vex.ndd\n";
 787             }
 788             push(@codes, defined($oppos{'v'}) ? 0260+($oppos{'v'} & 3) : 0270,
 789                  ($c << 6)+$m, ($w << 3)+($l << 2)+$p);
 790             $prefix_ok = 0;
 791         } elsif ($op =~ /^\/drex([01])$/) {
 792             my $oc0 = $1;
 793             if (!defined($oppos{'d'})) {
 794                 die "$fname: $line: DREX without a 'd' operand\n";
 795             }
 796             # Note the use of *unshift* here, as opposed to *push*.
 797             # This is because NASM want this byte code at the start of
 798             # the instruction sequence, but the AMD documentation puts
 799             # this at (roughly) the position of the drex byte itself.
 800             # This allows us to match the AMD documentation and still
 801             # do the right thing.
 802             unshift(@codes, 0160+($oppos{'d'} & 3)+($oc0 ? 4 : 0));
 803             unshift(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'d'} & 4);
 804         } elsif ($op =~ /^(ib\,s|ib|ibx|ib\,w|iw|iwd|id|idx|iwdq|rel|rel8|rel16|rel32|iq|seg|ibw|ibd|ibd,s)$/) {
 805             if (!defined($oppos{'i'})) {
 806                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 'i' operand\n";
 807             }
 808             if ($op eq 'ib,s') { # Signed imm8
 809                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 810                 push(@codes, 014+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 811             } elsif ($op eq 'ib') { # imm8
 812                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 813                 push(@codes, 020+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 814             } elsif ($op eq 'ib,u') { # Unsigned imm8
 815                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 816                 push(@codes, 024+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 817             } elsif ($op eq 'iw') { # imm16
 818                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 819                 push(@codes, 030+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 820             } elsif ($op eq 'ibx') { # imm8 sign-extended to opsize
 821                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 822                 push(@codes, 0274+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 823             } elsif ($op eq 'iwd') { # imm16 or imm32, depending on opsize
 824                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 825                 push(@codes, 034+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 826             } elsif ($op eq 'id') { # imm32
 827                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 828                 push(@codes, 040+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 829             } elsif ($op eq 'idx') { # imm32 extended to 64 bits
 830                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 831                 push(@codes, 0254+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 832             } elsif ($op eq 'iwdq') { # imm16/32/64, depending on opsize
 833                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 834                 push(@codes, 044+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 835             } elsif ($op eq 'rel8') {
 836                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 837                 push(@codes, 050+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 838             } elsif ($op eq 'iq') {
 839                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 840                 push(@codes, 054+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 841             } elsif ($op eq 'rel16') {
 842                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 843                 push(@codes, 060+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 844             } elsif ($op eq 'rel') { # 16 or 32 bit relative operand
 845                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 846                 push(@codes, 064+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 847             } elsif ($op eq 'rel32') {
 848                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 849                 push(@codes, 070+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 850             } elsif ($op eq 'seg') {
 851                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 852                 push(@codes, 074+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 853             } elsif ($op eq 'ibw') { # imm16 that can be bytified
 854                 if (!defined($s_pos)) {
 855                     die "$fname: $line: $op without a +s byte\n";
 856                 }
 857                 $codes[$s_pos] += 0144;
 858                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 859                 push(@codes, 0140+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 860             } elsif ($op eq 'ibd') { # imm32 that can be bytified
 861                 if (!defined($s_pos)) {
 862                     die "$fname: $line: $op without a +s byte\n";
 863                 }
 864                 $codes[$s_pos] += 0154;
 865                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 866                 push(@codes, 0150+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 867             } elsif ($op eq 'ibd,s') {
 868                 # imm32 that can be bytified, sign extended to 64 bits
 869                 if (!defined($s_pos)) {
 870                     die "$fname: $line: $op without a +s byte\n";
 871                 }
 872                 $codes[$s_pos] += 0154;
 873                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 874                 push(@codes, 0250+($oppos{'i'} & 3));
 875             }
 876             $prefix_ok = 0;
 877         } elsif ($op eq '/is4') {
 878             if (!defined($oppos{'s'})) {
 879                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 's' operand\n";
 880             }
 881             if (defined($oppos{'i'})) {
 882                 push(@codes, 0172, ($oppos{'s'} << 3)+$oppos{'i'});
 883             } else {
 884                 push(@codes, 0174, $oppos{'s'});
 885             }
 886             $prefix_ok = 0;
 887         } elsif ($op =~ /^\/is4\=([0-9]+)$/) {
 888             my $imm = $1;
 889             if (!defined($oppos{'s'})) {
 890                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 's' operand\n";
 891             }
 892             if ($imm < 0 || $imm > 15) {
 893                 die "$fname: $line: invalid imm4 value for $op: $imm\n";
 894             }
 895             push(@codes, 0173, ($oppos{'s'} << 4) + $imm);
 896             $prefix_ok = 0;
 897         } elsif ($op =~ /^([0-9a-f]{2})\+s$/) {
 898             if (!defined($oppos{'i'})) {
 899                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 'i' operand\n";
 900             }
 901             $s_pos = scalar @codes;
 902             push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 903             push(@codes, $oppos{'i'} & 3, hex $1);
 904             $prefix_ok = 0;
 905         } elsif ($op =~ /^([0-9a-f]{2})\+c$/) {
 906             push(@codes, 0330, hex $1);
 907             $prefix_ok = 0;
 908         } elsif ($op =~ /^\\([0-7]+|x[0-9a-f]{2})$/) {
 909             # Escape to enter literal bytecodes
 910             push(@codes, oct $1);
 911         } else {
 912             die "$fname: $line: unknown operation: $op\n";
 913         }
 914     }
 915
 916     return @codes;
 917 }