1 .\" Copyright (c) 2000 Manoj Srivastava <srivasta@debian.org>
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24 .\" Minor polishing, aeb
25 .\" Modified, 2002-06-16, Mike Coleman
27 .TH HOSTS 5 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
29 hosts \- static table lookup for hostnames
33 This manual page describes the format of the
36 This file is a simple text file that associates IP addresses
37 with hostnames, one line per IP address.
38 For each host a single
39 line should be present with the following information:
42 IP_address canonical_hostname [aliases...]
45 Fields of the entry are separated by any number of blanks and/or
47 Text from a "#" character until the end of the line is
48 a comment, and is ignored.
49 Host names may contain only alphanumeric
50 characters, minus signs ("\-"), and periods (".").
51 They must begin with an
52 alphabetic character and end with an alphanumeric character.
53 Optional aliases provide for name changes, alternate spellings,
54 shorter hostnames, or generic hostnames (for example,
57 The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) Server implements the
58 Internet name server for UNIX systems.
59 It augments or replaces the
61 file or hostname lookup, and frees a host from relying on
63 being up to date and complete.
65 In modern systems, even though the host table has been superseded by
66 DNS, it is still widely used for:
69 Most systems have a small host table containing the name and address
70 information for important hosts on the local network.
72 when DNS is not running, for example during system bootup.
75 Sites that use NIS use the host table as input to the NIS host
77 Even though NIS can be used with DNS, most NIS sites still
78 use the host table with an entry for all local hosts as a backup.
81 Very small sites that are isolated from the network use the host table
83 If the local information rarely changes, and the
84 network is not connected to the Internet, DNS offers little
89 Modifications to this file normally take effect immediately,
90 except in cases where the file is cached by applications.
92 RFC\ 952 gave the original format for the host table, though it has
95 Before the advent of DNS, the host table was the only way of resolving
96 hostnames on the fledgling Internet.
97 Indeed, this file could be
98 created from the official host data base maintained at the Network
99 Information Control Center (NIC), though local changes were often
100 required to bring it up to date regarding unofficial aliases and/or
102 The NIC no longer maintains the hosts.txt files,
103 though looking around at the time of writing (circa 2000), there are
104 historical hosts.txt files on the WWW.
105 I just found three, from 92,
109 # The following lines are desirable for IPv4 capable hosts
112 # 127.0.1.1 is often used for the FQDN of the machine
113 127.0.1.1 thishost.mydomain.org thishost
114 192.168.1.10 foo.mydomain.org foo
115 192.168.1.13 bar.mydomain.org bar
116 146.82.138.7 master.debian.org master
117 209.237.226.90 www.opensource.org
119 # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
120 ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
122 ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
135 .\" This manual page was written by Manoj Srivastava <srivasta@debian.org>,
136 .\" for the Debian GNU/Linux system.