1 #LyX 1.6.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
7 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
9 %\restylefloat{tableau}
11 \use_default_options false
19 \font_typewriter default
20 \font_default_family default
26 \paperfontsize default
30 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
31 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
32 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
44 \paperorientation portrait
47 \paragraph_separation indent
49 \quotes_language english
52 \paperpagestyle default
53 \tracking_changes false
62 Writing linguistic papers with LyX
67 \begin_inset Newline newline
71 \begin_inset CommandInset href
73 target "spitz@lyx.org"
85 \begin_layout Abstract
86 This paper describes some features that LyX provides to linguists.
87 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
88 examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
92 Aims and prerequisites
95 \begin_layout Standard
96 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
97 \begin_inset Quotes eld
101 \begin_inset Quotes erd
104 module that ships with LyX as of version 1.6.0.
106 \begin_inset Quotes eld
110 \begin_inset Quotes erd
113 are support files (introduced with LyX 1.6.0) that can easily be selected
115 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
117 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
118 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
122 \begin_inset Quotes eld
126 \begin_inset Quotes erd
129 from the list of available modules, and hit the
133 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
136 \begin_layout Standard
137 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
139 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
140 LaTeX packages installed:
143 \begin_layout Enumerate
149 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
155 : This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
158 \begin_layout Enumerate
164 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
170 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
171 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
186 \begin_layout Enumerate
192 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
203 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
207 \begin_layout Enumerate
213 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
219 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
220 This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
223 \begin_layout Section
227 \begin_layout Standard
228 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout dropdown box in the toolbar.
229 There are three variants:
232 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
233 This is a multiline example [Style
235 Numbered Example (multiline)
240 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
241 it can have several paragraphs
244 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
245 This is a single example
246 \begin_inset CommandInset label
248 name "exa:single-example"
254 Numbered Example (consecutive)
259 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
260 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
263 \begin_layout Subexample
265 \begin_inset CommandInset label
267 name "sub:subexample"
278 \begin_layout Subexample
282 \begin_layout Standard
283 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
284 and a crossreference via
286 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
290 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
291 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
293 reference "exa:single-example"
298 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
300 reference "sub:subexample"
307 \begin_layout Section
311 \begin_layout Standard
312 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
315 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
322 provides a glosse that consists of two lines and a translation, the
326 insets consists of three lines and a translation.
327 Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
334 which should be inserted verbatim in the Glosse inset (ERT is not needed,
335 and in fact not even possible).
338 \begin_layout Standard
339 Here is a simple example:
342 \begin_layout Standard
343 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Glosse
346 \begin_layout Plain Layout
347 C'est un exemple simple
350 \begin_layout Plain Layout
351 {This is} an example simple
354 \begin_layout Plain Layout
358 \begin_inset Quotes els
361 This is a simple example
362 \begin_inset Quotes ers
373 \begin_layout Standard
374 Note that the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
375 In the same vein, we can make a three-line glosse:
378 \begin_layout Standard
379 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
382 \begin_layout Plain Layout
383 C'est un exemple simple
386 \begin_layout Plain Layout
387 {Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
390 \begin_layout Plain Layout
391 {This is} an example simple
394 \begin_layout Plain Layout
398 \begin_inset Quotes els
401 This is a simple example
402 \begin_inset Quotes ers
413 \begin_layout Standard
414 If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the Glosse inset
415 to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
418 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
419 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
422 \begin_layout Plain Layout
423 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
426 \begin_layout Plain Layout
427 My skeertuig is vol palings
430 \begin_layout Plain Layout
431 My hovercraft is {full of} eels
434 \begin_layout Plain Layout
438 \begin_inset Quotes els
442 \begin_inset Quotes ers
453 \begin_layout Section
454 Optimality Theory Tableaux
457 \begin_layout Standard
458 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
459 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
465 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
466 and you might want to have a
478 \begin_layout Standard
479 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
482 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
485 , you'll find a Tableaux float:
488 \begin_layout Standard
489 \begin_inset Float tableau
495 \begin_layout Plain Layout
498 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
500 <column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
501 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
502 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
503 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0" special="|c">
504 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
506 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
509 \begin_layout Plain Layout
515 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
518 \begin_layout Plain Layout
526 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
529 \begin_layout Plain Layout
537 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
540 \begin_layout Plain Layout
548 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
551 \begin_layout Plain Layout
561 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
564 \begin_layout Plain Layout
565 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
569 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
577 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
580 \begin_layout Plain Layout
586 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
589 \begin_layout Plain Layout
595 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
598 \begin_layout Plain Layout
604 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
607 \begin_layout Plain Layout
615 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
618 \begin_layout Plain Layout
624 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
627 \begin_layout Plain Layout
633 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
636 \begin_layout Plain Layout
642 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
645 \begin_layout Plain Layout
651 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
654 \begin_layout Plain Layout
662 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
665 \begin_layout Plain Layout
666 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
674 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
677 \begin_layout Plain Layout
683 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
686 \begin_layout Plain Layout
692 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
695 \begin_layout Plain Layout
701 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
704 \begin_layout Plain Layout
712 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
715 \begin_layout Plain Layout
721 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
724 \begin_layout Plain Layout
730 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
733 \begin_layout Plain Layout
739 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
742 \begin_layout Plain Layout
748 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
751 \begin_layout Plain Layout
765 \begin_layout Plain Layout
768 \begin_layout Plain Layout
782 \begin_layout Standard
783 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
784 the output, no matter where you put it in the LyX window.
785 To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
787 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
788 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
794 \begin_layout LyX-Code
800 \begin_layout LyX-Code
803 restylefloat{tableau}
806 \begin_layout Standard
807 If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
810 \begin_layout LyX-Code
813 floatstyle{komaabove}
816 \begin_layout LyX-Code
819 restylefloat{tableau}
822 \begin_layout Standard
823 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
825 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
829 Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
830 we do this here for exemplification purposes:
833 \begin_layout Standard
834 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
841 \begin_layout Section
842 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
845 \begin_layout Standard
846 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
850 \begin_layout Enumerate
851 Concept (in small caps):
852 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Concepts
855 \begin_layout Plain Layout
864 \begin_layout Enumerate
865 Expression (emphasized):
866 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Expression
869 \begin_layout Plain Layout
878 \begin_layout Enumerate
879 Meaning (in single quotes):
880 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Meaning
883 \begin_layout Plain Layout
892 \begin_layout Standard
893 You can insert the character styles via the
895 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
899 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
900 them in the preamble.
901 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
904 \begin_layout LyX-Code
914 \begin_layout Standard
930 \begin_layout Section
931 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
934 \begin_layout Standard
935 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
936 is a base functionality of LyX.
937 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
938 (briefly) in this paper nevertheless.
941 \begin_layout Standard
942 A prerequisite to use LyX's IPA support is the LaTeX package
947 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
954 Additionally, if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
960 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
969 \begin_layout Standard
970 Phonetic symbols can be entered via
972 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
973 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
977 You get a little frame, where you can insert the symbols using the shortcut
978 notation which is described in the
984 \begin_inset Formula $\text{\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}}$
1003 x is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
1005 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1006 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1009 cs), you'll get a nice preview as soon as the cursor leaves the frame.
1012 \begin_layout Standard
1013 Furthermore, most IPA glyphs can also be inserted (e.
1014 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1018 \begin_inset space \space{}
1023 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1024 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1025 Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
1028 ) or pasted directly into LyX: [ɛkspləˈneɪʃən].
1029 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
1034 macro (if not, please inform me).
1035 However, please note that the former method produces better output quality
1039 \begin_layout Enumerate
1040 direct input might result in a mix of fonts (in the above example, the latin
1041 characters are taken from the base font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font,
1044 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1045 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1048 s uses the IPA font for all characters)
1051 \begin_layout Enumerate
1052 the letter kerning is not preserved
1055 \begin_layout Standard
1056 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, the former method
1057 is recommended, and it's worth learning the (pretty intuitive) IPA shortcut
1061 \begin_layout Section
1065 \begin_layout Standard
1066 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
1067 refer to the LinguistLyX page on the LyX wiki
1068 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1074 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
1077 \begin_layout Bibliography
1078 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1079 LatexCommand bibitem
1084 The covington package:
1085 \begin_inset Flex URL
1088 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1090 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
1098 \begin_layout Bibliography
1099 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1100 LatexCommand bibitem
1105 The csquotes package:
1106 \begin_inset Flex URL
1109 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1111 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
1119 \begin_layout Bibliography
1120 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1121 LatexCommand bibitem
1126 The enumitem package:
1127 \begin_inset Flex URL
1130 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1132 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
1140 \begin_layout Bibliography
1141 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1142 LatexCommand bibitem
1148 \begin_inset Flex URL
1151 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1153 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
1161 \begin_layout Bibliography
1162 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1163 LatexCommand bibitem
1168 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using LyX for Linguisti
1171 \begin_inset Flex URL
1174 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1176 http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
1184 \begin_layout Bibliography
1185 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1186 LatexCommand bibitem
1191 The preview-latex package:
1192 \begin_inset Flex URL
1195 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1197 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
1205 \begin_layout Bibliography
1206 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1207 LatexCommand bibitem
1212 The tipa package and fonts:
1213 \begin_inset Flex URL
1216 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1218 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/