2 % TITLE=The music notation with computer bibliography
3 % AUTHOR=Han-Wen Nienhuys
6 @String
{CitH
= {Computing and the Humanities
}}
7 @String
{CMJ
= {Computer Music Journal
}}
13 title = {Editing and Printing Music by Computer
},
14 author = {Leland Smith
},
15 totalentry
= {Journal of Music Theory
},
19 note = {Gourlay\cite
{gourlay86
} writes
: A discussion of Smith's
20 music
-printing system SCORE
}
26 title = {A System for Music Printing by Computer
},
27 author = {Donald Byrd
},
28 journal = {Computers and the Humanities
},
35 author = {R. F. Ericson
},
36 title = {The DARMS Project
: A status report
},
37 journal = {Computing in the humanities
},
42 note = {Gourlay\cite
{gourlay86
} writes
: A discussion of the design
43 and potential uses of the DARMS music
-description language.
}
49 title = {A Computer
-Oriented System for Music Printing
},
50 author = {David A. Gomberg
},
51 school = {Washington University
},
55 title = {A Computer
-oriented System for Music Printing
},
56 author = {David A. Gomberg
},
63 note = {Gourlay \cite
{gourlay86
} writes
: "A discussion of the
64 problems of representing the conventions of musical notation in
65 computer algorithms."
}
69 @TechReport
{Ornstein83
,
70 author={Ornstein
, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III
},
71 title={Mockingbird
: A Composer's Amanuensis
},
72 institution={Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
},
73 address={3333 Coyote Hill Road
, Palo Alto
, CA
, 94304},
80 author={Ornstein
, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III
},
81 title={Mockingbird
: A Composer's Amanuensis
},
87 note={A discussion of an interactive and graphical computer system
88 for music composition
}
95 title = {Music Notation by Computer
},
96 author = {Donald Byrd
},
97 school = {Indiana University
},
99 note = {Describes the SMUT
(sic
) system for automated music printout.
}
102 @InProceedings
{assayaag86
,
103 author = {G. Assayaag and D. Timis
},
104 title = {A Toolbox for music notation
},
105 booktitle = {Proceedings of the
1986 International Computer Music Conference
},
111 title = {Music Formatting Guidelines
},
113 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-3/88-TR10
},
114 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio State University
},
116 note = {Rules on formatting music formulated for use in
117 computers. Mainly distilled from
[Ross
] HWN
},
123 author = {Donald Byrd
},
124 title = {Music Notation Software and Intelligence
},
125 journal = {Computer Music Journal
},
131 note = {Byrd
(author of Nightinggale
) shows four problematic
132 fragments of notation
, and rants about notation programs that try to
133 exhibit intelligent behaviour. HWN
}
137 @Article
{field
-richards93
,
138 author = {H.S. Field
-Richards
},
139 title = {Cadenza
: A Music Description Language
},
145 note = {A description through examples of a music entry language.
146 Apparently it has no formal semantics. There is also no
147 implementation of notation convertor. HWN
}
152 author = {Herbert Bielawa
},
153 title = {Review of Sibelius
7},
157 note = {A raving review
/tutorial of Sibelius
7 for Acorn.
(And did
158 they seriously program a RISC chip in ... assembler ?
!) HWN
}
164 author = {Donald Sloan
},
165 title = {Aspects of Music Representation in HyTime
/SMDL
},
171 note = {An introduction into HyTime and its score description variant
172 SMDL. With a short example that is quite lengthy in SMDL
}
177 author = {Geraint Wiggins and Eduardo Miranda and Alaaaan Smaill and Mitch Harris
},
178 title = {A Framework for the evaluation of music representation systems
},
184 note = {A categorisation of music representation systems
(languages
,
185 OO systems etc
) splitted into high level and low level expressiveness.
186 The discussion of Charm and parallel processing for music
187 representation is rather vague. HWN
}
193 @Article
{dannenberg93
,
194 author = {Roger B. Dannenberg
},
195 title = {Music Representation
: Issues
, Techniques
, and Systems
},
200 url
= {http
://citeseer.nj.nec.com
/52890.html
},
202 note = {This article points to some problems and solutions with music
203 representation. HWN
},
207 @Article
{rothstein93
,
208 author = {Joseph Rothstein
},
209 title = {Review of Passport Designs' Encore Music Notation Software
},
219 author = {Alan Belkin
},
220 title = {Macintosh Notation Software
: Present and Future
},
226 note = {Some music notation systems are analysed for ease of use
,
227 MIDI handling. The article ends with a plea for a standard notation
232 @InProceedings
{montel97
,
233 author = {Dominique Montel
},
234 title = {La gravure de la musique
, lisibilit\'e esth\'etique
, respect de l'oevre
},
235 booktitle = {Musique \
& Notations
},
238 editors
={Genevois \
& Orlarey
}
245 note = {Annual editions since
1985, many containing surveys of music typesetting technology. SP
},
246 title = {Directory of Computer Assisted Research in Musicology
},
247 author = {Walter B Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge
-Field
},
248 totalentry
= {Menlo Park
, CA
: Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities
},
252 @Book
{selfridge
-field97
:_beyon_midi
,
253 title = {Beyond MIDI
: the handbook of musical codes
},
254 editor = {Eleanor Selfridge
-Field
},
255 publisher = {MIT Press
},
258 note = {A description of various music interchange formats.
}
262 @InProceedings
{hoos98
:_guido_music_notat_format
,
263 title={The
{GUIDO
} Music Notation Format
---A Novel Approach
264 for Adequately Representing Score
-level Music
},
265 author = {H. H. Hoos and K. A. Hamel and K. Renz and J. Kilian
},
266 booktitle = {Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference
},
271 @Article
{blostein91
,
273 note = {This paper provides a overview of the algorithm used in LIME
274 for spacing individual lines. HWN
},
277 title = {Justification of Printed Music
},
278 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken
},
279 journal = {Communications of the ACM
},
289 title = {The Tilia Music Representation
: Extensibility
, Abstraction
, and Notation Contexts for the Lime Music Editor
},
290 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein
},
291 journal = {Computer Music Journal
},
297 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken
},
298 title = {The Lime Music Editor
: A Diagram Editor Involving Complex
300 journal = {Software Practice and Experience
},
307 note = {A description of various conversions
, decisions and issues
308 relating to this interactive
editor HWN
},
314 @InProceedings
{haken95
,
316 title = {A New Algorithm for Horizontal Spacing of Printed Music
},
317 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein
},
318 booktitle = {International Computer Music Conference
},
323 note = {This describes an algorithm which uses springs between
324 adjacent columns.
}, }
327 @InProceedings
{bouzaiene98
:_une
,
328 author = {Nabil Bouzaiene and Lo\"ic Le Gall and Emmanuel Saint
-James
},
329 title = {Une biblioth\`eque pour la notation musicale baroque
},
330 booktitle = {EP '
98},
334 note = {Describes ATYS
, an extension to Berlioz
, that can mimick
335 handwritten baroque style beams
}
341 @InProceedings
{balaban88
,
342 author = {M. Balaban
},
343 title = {A Music Workstation Based on Multiple Hierarchical Views of Music
},
344 booktitle = {Proceedings of the
1988 International Computer Music Conference
},
346 address = {San Francisco
},
347 organization = {International Computer Music Association
}
353 @TechReport
{gourlay87
-spacing
,
354 annote = {Algorithm for generating spacing in one line of
(polyphonic
) music
, tailored for use with MusiCopy. LilyPond uses a variant of it.
},
356 title = {Spacing a Line of Music
,},
357 author = {John S. Gourlay
},
358 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-10/87-TR35
},
359 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio State University
},
363 @TechReport
{parish87
,
364 annote = {A brief overview of
{MusiCopy
}},
366 title = {{MusiCopy
}: An automated Music Formatting System
},
367 author = {Allen Parish and Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay and Dean K. Roush and F. Javier Sola
},
368 totalentry
= {OSU
-CISRC
-10/87-TR29
},
369 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio State University
},
373 @TechReport
{gourlay87
-formatting
,
374 note = {This paper discusses the development of algorithms for the
375 formatting of musical scores
(from
abstract). It also appeared at
376 PROTEXT III
, Ireland
1986},
379 title = {Computer Formatting of Music
},
380 author = {John S. Gourlay and A. Parrish
381 and D. Roush and F. Sola and Y. Tien
},
382 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-2/87-TR3
},
383 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science
,
384 The Ohio State University
},
388 @TechReport
{hegazy87
,
390 title = {On the Implementation of the
{MusiCopy
} Language Processor
,},
392 author = {Wael A. Hegazy
},
393 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-10/87-TR34
},
394 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio State University
},
396 note = {Describes the "parser" which converts
{MusiCopy
} MDL to
397 MusiCopy Simultaneities and columns.
399 MDL is short for Music Description Language\cite
{gourlay86
}. It
400 accepts music descriptions that are organised into measures filled
401 with voices
, which are filled with notes. The measures can be arranged
402 simultaneously or sequentially. To
address the
2-dimensionality
,
403 almost all constructs in MDL must be labeled.
405 MDL uses begin
/end markers for attribute values and spanners.
406 Rightfully the
author concludes that MusiCopy must administrate a
407 "state" variable containing both properties and current spanning symbols.
409 MusiCopy attaches graphic information to the objects constructed in
410 the input
: the elements of the input are partially complete graphic
418 @TechReport
{hegazy87
-breaking
-tr
,
420 annote = {This generalizes \TeX's breaking algorithm to music. It also
421 appeared in Document Manipulation and Typography
, J.C. van Vliet
(ed
)
426 title = {Optimal line breaking in music
},
427 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay
},
428 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-8/87-TR33
},
429 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio State University
,},
432 @InProceedings
{hegazy88
:_optim
,
433 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay
},
434 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
435 Electronic Publishing
, Document Manipulation and Typography. Nice
(France
)},
438 editor={J. C. van Vliet
},
439 publisher = {Cambridge University Press
},
440 ISBN
={0-521-36294-6},
441 title = {Optimal line breaking in music
},
445 @TechReport
{roush87
,
446 note = {User manual of MusiCopy.
},
449 title = {Using
{MusiCopy
}},
450 author = {Dean K. Roush
},
451 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-18/87-TR31
},
452 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio State University
},
456 @TechReport
{parrish87
-simultaneities
,
458 note = {This
note discusses
459 placement of balls
, stems
, dots which occur at the same moment
463 title = {Computer Formatting of Musical Simultaneities
,},
464 author = {A. Parrish and John S. Gourlay
},
465 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio State University
},
466 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-10/87-TR28
},
471 note = {Overview of a procedure for generating slurs
},
473 title = {Computer Design of Musical Slurs
, Ties and Phrase Marks
,},
475 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio State University
},
476 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-10/87-TR32
},
481 note = {This paper describes the
{MusiCopy
} musicsetting system and an input language to go with it.
},
484 title = {A language for music printing
},
485 author = {John. S. Gourlay
},
486 journal = {Communications of the ACM
},
493 @TechReport
{sola87
-beams
,
495 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science
, The Ohio
498 note = {Calculating beam slopes HWN
},
500 title = {Design of Musical Beams
,},
501 author = {F. Sola and D. Roush
},
502 number = {OSU
-CISRC
-10/87-TR30
},
507 note = {Don't ask Stephen for a copy. Write to the Bodleian Library
, Oxford
, or to the British Library
, instead. SP
},
509 title = {Computer Tools for Music Information Retrieval
},
510 author = {Stephen Dowland Page
},
511 school ={Dissertation University of Oxford
},
516 % three part study by John Gr/over
517 @TechReport
{grover89
-symbols
,
518 author = {John Gr\
/over
},
519 title = {A computer
-oriented description of Music Notation. Part I. The Symbol Inventory
},
520 institution = {Department of informatics
, University of Oslo
},
524 note = {The goal of this
series of reports is a full description of
525 music formatting. As these largely depend on parameters of fonts
, it
526 starts with a verbose description of music symbols.
528 The subject is treated backwards
: from general rules of typesetting
529 the
author tries to extract dimensions for characters
, whereas the
530 rules of typesetting
(in a particular font
) follow from the dimensions
531 of the symbols. His symbols do not match
(the stringent
) constraints
532 formulated by eg. \cite
{wanske
}} }
534 @TechReport
{grover89
-twovoices
,
535 author = {John Gr\
/over
},
536 title = {A computer
-oriented description of Music Notation. Part II
: Two Voice Sharing a Staff
, Leger Line Rules
, Dot Positioning
},
538 institution = {Department of informatics
, University of Oslo
},
542 note = {A lot rules for what is in the
title are formulated. The
543 descriptions are long and verbose. The verbosity shows that
544 formulating specific rules is not the proper way to approach the
545 problem. Instead
, the formulated rules should follow from more
546 general rules
, similar to\cite
{parrish87
-simultaneities
}},
549 @TechReport
{grover89
-accidentals
,
550 author = {John Gr\
/over
},
551 title = {A computer
-oriented description of Music Notation. Part III
: Accidental Positioning
},
552 institution = {Department of informatics
, University of Oslo
},
556 note = {Placement of accidentals crystallised in an enormous set of
557 rules. Same remarks as for \cite
{grover89
-twovoices
} applies
} }
560 @PhdThesis
{mueller90
:_inter_bearb_musik
,
561 author = {Giovanni M\"uller
},
562 title = {Interaktive Bearbeitung konventioneller Musiknotation
},
563 school = {Eidgen\"ossischen Technischen Hochschule Z\"urich
},
566 note = {This is about engraver
-quality typesetting with computers. It
567 accepts the axiom that notation is too difficult to generate
568 automatically. The result is that a notation program should be a
569 WYSIWYG
editor that allows one to tweak everything.
578 @MastersThesis
{roelofs91
,
580 note = {This dutch thesis describes a monophonic typesetting system
,
581 and focuses on the breaking algorithm
, which is taken from Hegazy
&
585 title = {Een Geautomatiseerd Systeem voor het Afdrukken van Muziek
},
586 author = {Ren\'e Roelofs
},
587 school={Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
},
589 translation
= {``An automated system for printing music'' Master's Thesis Managerial Computer Science.
},
593 @Article
{filgueiras93
,
595 title = {Representation and manipulation of music documents in SceX
},
596 author = {Miguel Filgueiras and Jos\'e Paulo Leal
},
597 journal= {Electronic Publishing
},
599 number={4}, pages = {507--518},
600 url
={http
://citeseer.nj.nec.com
/512957.html
},
606 note = {A paper on a simple TROFF preprocessor to typeset music.
},
609 title = {Music
--- A language for typesetting music scores
},
610 author = {Eric Foxley
},
611 journal = {Software
--- Practice and Experience
},
617 @Article
{Langston90
,
619 note = {This paper deals with some command
-line
620 tools for music editing and playback.
},
623 title = {Unix music tools at Bellcore
},
624 author = {Peter S. Langston
},
625 journal={Software
--- Practice and Experience
},
634 title = {Implementing a Symbolic Music Processing System
},
635 author = {Miguel Filgueiras
},
636 totalentry
= {LIACC
, Universidade do Porto
, 1996; submitted
},
640 title = {Some Music Typesetting Algorithms
},
641 author = {Miguel Filgueiras
},
642 totalentry
= {Miguel Filgueiras. ``Some Music Typesetting Algorithms''. LIACC
, Universidade do Porto
, forthcoming
},
646 @Article
{colorado
-web
,
647 author ={Alyssa Lamb
},
649 note = {Webpages about engraving
(designed with finale
650 users in mind
) (sic
) HWN
},
652 institution = {The University of Colorado
},
653 title ={The University of Colorado Music Engraving page.
},
654 HTML
={http
://www.cc.colorado.edu
/Dept
/MU
/Musicpress
/},
658 @Article
{tablature
-web
,
659 note = {FAQ
(with answers
) about TAB
, the ASCII variant of Tablature. HWN
},
660 title = {how to read and write tab
: a guide to tab notation
},
661 author = {Howard Wright
},
662 email
={Howard.Wright@ed.ac.uk
},
663 url
={http
://www.guitartabs.cc
/tabfaq.shtml
},
668 note = {Specs for NIFF
, a reasonably comprehensive but binary
669 format for notation HWN
},
672 title = {NIFF6a Notation Interchange File Format
},
673 author = {Cindy Grande
},
674 publisher={Grande Software Inc.
},
675 HTML
= {http
://www.jtauber.com
/music
/encoding
/niff
/},
676 ftp
= {ftp
://blackbox.cartah.washington.edu
}
680 title = {SMDL
, Standard Musical Description Language
},
681 pdf
= {ftp
://ftp.ornl.gov
/pub
/sgml
/wg8
/smdl
/10743.pdf
},
682 number={ISO
/IEC DIS
10743},
684 annote = {SGML instance for describing music. Very comprehensive in music
685 definition
, but no support for notation
/ performance whatsoever
(They
686 basically say
: "You can embed a NIFF or MIDI file"
)}
692 note = {Describes a system called MusicEase
, and explains that it
693 uses "constraints"
(which go unexplained
) to automatically position
695 html
={http
://mesastate.edu
/~grader
/ieeeme.pdf
},
697 title = {Creating Printed Music Automatically
},
698 author = {Gary M. Rader
},
699 journal = {Computer
},
707 @MastersThesis
{gall97
:_creat
,
708 author = {Lo\"ic Le Gall
},
709 title = {Cr\'eation d'une police adapt\'ee \`a la notation musicale baroque
},
710 school = {\'Ecole Estienne
},
714 @TechReport
{droettboom00
:_study_notat_descr_languag
,
715 author = {Michael Droettboom
},
716 title = {Study of music Notation Description Languages
},
718 url
= {http
://gigue.peabody.jhu.edu
/~mdboom
/format.pdf
},
720 note ={GUIDO and lilypond compared. LilyPond wins on practical
721 issues as usability and availability of tools
, GUIDO wins on
722 implementation simplicity.
} }
724 @PhdThesis
{gieseking01
:_code_gener_noten
,
725 author = {Martin Gieseking
},
726 title = {Code
-basierte Generierung interaktiver Notengraphik
729 school = {Universit\"at Osnabr\"uck
},
731 isbn
= {ISBN
3-923486-30-8}
734 @Book
{hewlett01
:_virtual_score
,
735 editor = {Walter B. Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge
-Field
},
736 title = {The Virtual Score
; representation
, retrieval and restoration
},
737 publisher = {MIT Press
},
738 series = {Computing in Musicology
},
744 @PhdThesis
{renz02
:_algor_guido
,
746 title = {Algorithms and data structures for a music notation system based on GUIDO music notation
},
747 school = {Universit\"at Darmstadt
},
751 @InBook
{powell02
:_music
,
752 author = {Steven Powell
},
753 title = {Music engraving today
},
754 publisher = {Brichtmark
},
757 note = {A "How Steven uses Finale" manual.
}
761 @InProceedings
{nienhuys03
:_lilyp
,
762 author = {Han
-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen
},
763 title = {LilyPond
, a system for automated music engraving
},
764 booktitle = {XIV Colloquium on Musical Informatics
},