bootloader/main-pp.c

   1 /***************************************************************************
   2  *             __________               __   ___.
   3  *   Open      \______   \ ____   ____ |  | _\_ |__   _______  ___
   4  *   Source     |       _//  _ \_/ ___\|  |/ /| __ \ /  _ \  \/  /
   5  *   Jukebox    |    |   (  <_> )  \___|    < | \_\ (  <_> > <  <
   6  *   Firmware   |____|_  /\____/ \___  >__|_ \|___  /\____/__/\_ \
   7  *                     \/            \/     \/    \/            \/
   8  * $Id$
   9  *
  10  * Copyright (C) 2006 by Barry Wardell
  11  *
  12  * Based on Rockbox iriver bootloader by Linus Nielsen Feltzing
  13  * and the ipodlinux bootloader by Daniel Palffy and Bernard Leach
  14  *
  15  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  16  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
  17  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
  18  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  19  *
  20  * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
  21  * KIND, either express or implied.
  22  *
  23  ****************************************************************************/
  24 #include <stdio.h>
  25 #include <stdlib.h>
  26
  27 #include "config.h"
  28 #include "common.h"
  29 #include "cpu.h"
  30 #include "file.h"
  31 #include "system.h"
  32 #include "kernel.h"
  33 #include "lcd.h"
  34 #include "font.h"
  35 #include "storage.h"
  36 #include "adc.h"
  37 #include "button.h"
  38 #include "disk.h"
  39 #include "crc32-mi4.h"
  40 #include <string.h>
  41 #include "power.h"
  42 #if defined(SANSA_E200) || defined(PHILIPS_SA9200)
  43 #include "i2c.h"
  44 #include "backlight-target.h"
  45 #endif
  46 #if defined(SANSA_E200) || defined(SANSA_C200) || defined(PHILIPS_SA9200)
  47 #include "usb.h"
  48 #include "usb_drv.h"
  49 #endif
  50
  51 /* Show the Rockbox logo - in show_logo.c */
  52 extern int show_logo(void);
  53
  54 /* Button definitions */
  55 #if CONFIG_KEYPAD == IRIVER_H10_PAD
  56 #define BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF      BUTTON_LEFT
  57
  58 #elif CONFIG_KEYPAD == SANSA_E200_PAD
  59 #define BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF      BUTTON_LEFT
  60
  61 #elif CONFIG_KEYPAD == SANSA_C200_PAD
  62 #define BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF      BUTTON_LEFT
  63
  64 #elif CONFIG_KEYPAD == MROBE100_PAD
  65 #define BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF      BUTTON_POWER
  66
  67 #elif CONFIG_KEYPAD == PHILIPS_SA9200_PAD
  68 #define BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF      BUTTON_VOL_UP
  69
  70 #elif CONFIG_KEYPAD == PHILIPS_HDD1630_PAD
  71 #define BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF      BUTTON_MENU
  72
  73 #elif CONFIG_KEYPAD == SAMSUNG_YH_PAD
  74 #define BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF      BUTTON_LEFT
  75
  76 #elif CONFIG_KEYPAD == SANSA_FUZE_PAD
  77 #define BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF      BUTTON_LEFT
  78
  79 #endif
  80
  81 /* Maximum allowed firmware image size. 10MB is more than enough */
  82 #define MAX_LOADSIZE (10*1024*1024)
  83
  84 /* A buffer to load the original firmware or Rockbox into */
  85 unsigned char *loadbuffer = (unsigned char *)DRAM_START;
  86
  87 /* Bootloader version */
  88 char version[] = APPSVERSION;
  89
  90 /* Locations and sizes in hidden partition on Sansa */
  91 #if (CONFIG_STORAGE & STORAGE_SD)
  92 #define PPMI_SECTOR_OFFSET  1024
  93 #define PPMI_SECTORS        1
  94 #define MI4_HEADER_SECTORS  1
  95 #define NUM_PARTITIONS      2
  96
  97 #else
  98 #define NUM_PARTITIONS      1
  99
 100 #endif
 101
 102 #define MI4_HEADER_SIZE     0x200
 103
 104 /* mi4 header structure */
 105 struct mi4header_t {
 106     unsigned char magic[4];
 107     uint32_t version;
 108     uint32_t length;
 109     uint32_t crc32;
 110     uint32_t enctype;
 111     uint32_t mi4size;
 112     uint32_t plaintext;
 113     uint32_t dsa_key[10];
 114     uint32_t pad[109];
 115     unsigned char type[4];
 116     unsigned char model[4];
 117 };
 118
 119 /* PPMI header structure */
 120 struct ppmi_header_t {
 121     unsigned char magic[4];
 122     uint32_t length;
 123     uint32_t pad[126];
 124 };
 125
 126 inline unsigned int le2int(unsigned char* buf)
 127 {
 128    int32_t res = (buf[3] << 24) | (buf[2] << 16) | (buf[1] << 8) | buf[0];
 129
 130    return res;
 131 }
 132
 133 inline void int2le(unsigned int val, unsigned char* addr)
 134 {
 135     addr[0] = val & 0xFF;
 136     addr[1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
 137     addr[2] = (val >> 16) & 0xff;
 138     addr[3] = (val >> 24) & 0xff;
 139 }
 140
 141 struct tea_key {
 142   const char * name;
 143   uint32_t     key[4];
 144 };
 145
 146 #define NUM_KEYS (sizeof(tea_keytable)/sizeof(tea_keytable[0]))
 147 struct tea_key tea_keytable[] = {
 148   { "default" ,          { 0x20d36cc0, 0x10e8c07d, 0xc0e7dcaa, 0x107eb080 } },
 149   { "sansa",             { 0xe494e96e, 0x3ee32966, 0x6f48512b, 0xa93fbb42 } },
 150   { "sansa_gh",          { 0xd7b10538, 0xc662945b, 0x1b3fce68, 0xf389c0e6 } },
 151   { "sansa_103",         { 0x1d29ddc0, 0x2579c2cd, 0xce339e1a, 0x75465dfe } },
 152   { "rhapsody",          { 0x7aa9c8dc, 0xbed0a82a, 0x16204cc7, 0x5904ef38 } },
 153   { "p610",              { 0x950e83dc, 0xec4907f9, 0x023734b9, 0x10cfb7c7 } },
 154   { "p640",              { 0x220c5f23, 0xd04df68e, 0x431b5e25, 0x4dcc1fa1 } },
 155   { "virgin",            { 0xe83c29a1, 0x04862973, 0xa9b3f0d4, 0x38be2a9c } },
 156   { "20gc_eng",          { 0x0240772c, 0x6f3329b5, 0x3ec9a6c5, 0xb0c9e493 } },
 157   { "20gc_fre",          { 0xbede8817, 0xb23bfe4f, 0x80aa682d, 0xd13f598c } },
 158   { "elio_p722",         { 0x6af3b9f8, 0x777483f5, 0xae8181cc, 0xfa6d8a84 } },
 159   { "c200",              { 0xbf2d06fa, 0xf0e23d59, 0x29738132, 0xe2d04ca7 } },
 160   { "c200_103",          { 0x2a7968de, 0x15127979, 0x142e60a7, 0xe49c1893 } },
 161   { "c200_106",          { 0xa913d139, 0xf842f398, 0x3e03f1a6, 0x060ee012 } },
 162   { "view",              { 0x70e19bda, 0x0c69ea7d, 0x2b8b1ad1, 0xe9767ced } },
 163   { "sa9200",            { 0x33ea0236, 0x9247bdc5, 0xdfaedf9f, 0xd67c9d30 } },
 164   { "hdd1630",           { 0x04543ced, 0xcebfdbad, 0xf7477872, 0x0d12342e } },
 165 };
 166
 167 /*
 168
 169 tea_decrypt() from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
 170
 171 "Following is an adaptation of the reference encryption and decryption
 172 routines in C, released into the public domain by David Wheeler and
 173 Roger Needham:"
 174
 175 */
 176
 177 /* NOTE: The mi4 version of TEA uses a different initial value to sum compared
 178          to the reference implementation and the main loop is 8 iterations, not
 179          32.
 180 */
 181
 182 static void tea_decrypt(uint32_t* v0, uint32_t* v1, uint32_t* k) {
 183     uint32_t sum=0xF1BBCDC8, i;                    /* set up */
 184     uint32_t delta=0x9E3779B9;                     /* a key schedule constant */
 185     uint32_t k0=k[0], k1=k[1], k2=k[2], k3=k[3];   /* cache key */
 186     for(i=0; i<8; i++) {                               /* basic cycle start */
 187         *v1 -= ((*v0<<4) + k2) ^ (*v0 + sum) ^ ((*v0>>5) + k3);
 188         *v0 -= ((*v1<<4) + k0) ^ (*v1 + sum) ^ ((*v1>>5) + k1);
 189         sum -= delta;                                   /* end cycle */
 190     }
 191 }
 192
 193 /* mi4 files are encrypted in 64-bit blocks (two little-endian 32-bit
 194    integers) and the key is incremented after each block
 195  */
 196
 197 static void tea_decrypt_buf(unsigned char* src, unsigned char* dest, size_t n, uint32_t * key)
 198 {
 199     uint32_t v0, v1;
 200     unsigned int i;
 201
 202     for (i = 0; i < (n / 8); i++) {
 203         v0 = le2int(src);
 204         v1 = le2int(src+4);
 205
 206         tea_decrypt(&v0, &v1, key);
 207
 208         int2le(v0, dest);
 209         int2le(v1, dest+4);
 210
 211         src += 8;
 212         dest += 8;
 213
 214         /* Now increment the key */
 215         key[0]++;
 216         if (key[0]==0) {
 217             key[1]++;
 218             if (key[1]==0) {
 219                 key[2]++;
 220                 if (key[2]==0) {
 221                     key[3]++;
 222                 }
 223             }
 224         }
 225     }
 226 }
 227
 228 static inline bool tea_test_key(unsigned char magic_enc[8], uint32_t * key, int unaligned)
 229 {
 230     unsigned char magic_dec[8];
 231     tea_decrypt_buf(magic_enc, magic_dec, 8, key);
 232
 233     return (le2int(&magic_dec[4*unaligned]) == 0xaa55aa55);
 234 }
 235
 236 static int tea_find_key(struct mi4header_t *mi4header, int fd)
 237 {
 238     unsigned int i;
 239     int rc;
 240     unsigned int j;
 241     uint32_t key[4];
 242     unsigned char magic_enc[8];
 243     int key_found = -1;
 244     unsigned int magic_location = mi4header->length-4;
 245     int unaligned = 0;
 246
 247     if ( (magic_location % 8) != 0 )
 248     {
 249         unaligned = 1;
 250         magic_location -= 4;
 251     }
 252
 253     /* Load encrypted magic 0xaa55aa55 to check key */
 254     lseek(fd, MI4_HEADER_SIZE + magic_location, SEEK_SET);
 255     rc = read(fd, magic_enc, 8);
 256     if(rc < 8 )
 257         return EREAD_IMAGE_FAILED;
 258
 259     printf("Searching for key:");
 260
 261     for (i=0; i < NUM_KEYS && (key_found<0) ; i++) {
 262         key[0] = tea_keytable[i].key[0];
 263         key[1] = tea_keytable[i].key[1];
 264         key[2] = tea_keytable[i].key[2];
 265         key[3] = tea_keytable[i].key[3];
 266
 267         /* Now increment the key */
 268         for(j=0; j<((magic_location-mi4header->plaintext)/8); j++){
 269             key[0]++;
 270             if (key[0]==0) {
 271                 key[1]++;
 272                 if (key[1]==0) {
 273                     key[2]++;
 274                     if (key[2]==0) {
 275                         key[3]++;
 276                     }
 277                 }
 278             }
 279         }
 280
 281         if (tea_test_key(magic_enc,key,unaligned))
 282         {
 283             key_found = i;
 284             printf("%s...found", tea_keytable[i].name);
 285         } else {
 286            /* printf("%s...failed", tea_keytable[i].name); */
 287         }
 288     }
 289
 290     return key_found;
 291 }
 292
 293
 294 /* Load mi4 format firmware image */
 295 int load_mi4(unsigned char* buf, char* firmware, unsigned int buffer_size)
 296 {
 297     int fd;
 298     struct mi4header_t mi4header;
 299     int rc;
 300     unsigned long sum;
 301     char filename[MAX_PATH];
 302
 303     snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename), BOOTDIR "/%s",firmware);
 304     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
 305     if(fd < 0)
 306     {
 307         snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),"/%s",firmware);
 308         fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
 309         if(fd < 0)
 310             return EFILE_NOT_FOUND;
 311     }
 312
 313     read(fd, &mi4header, MI4_HEADER_SIZE);
 314
 315     /* MI4 file size */
 316     printf("mi4 size: %x", mi4header.mi4size);
 317
 318     if ((mi4header.mi4size-MI4_HEADER_SIZE) > buffer_size)
 319         return EFILE_TOO_BIG;
 320
 321     /* CRC32 */
 322     printf("CRC32: %x", mi4header.crc32);
 323
 324     /* Rockbox model id */
 325     printf("Model id: %.4s", mi4header.model);
 326
 327     /* Read binary type (RBOS, RBBL) */
 328     printf("Binary type: %.4s", mi4header.type);
 329
 330     /* Load firmware file */
 331     lseek(fd, MI4_HEADER_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
 332     rc = read(fd, buf, mi4header.mi4size-MI4_HEADER_SIZE);
 333     if(rc < (int)mi4header.mi4size-MI4_HEADER_SIZE)
 334         return EREAD_IMAGE_FAILED;
 335
 336     /* Check CRC32 to see if we have a valid file */
 337     sum = chksum_crc32 (buf, mi4header.mi4size - MI4_HEADER_SIZE);
 338
 339     printf("Calculated CRC32: %x", sum);
 340
 341     if(sum != mi4header.crc32)
 342         return EBAD_CHKSUM;
 343
 344     if( (mi4header.plaintext + MI4_HEADER_SIZE) != mi4header.mi4size)
 345     {
 346         /* Load encrypted firmware */
 347         int key_index = tea_find_key(&mi4header, fd);
 348
 349         if (key_index < 0)
 350             return EINVALID_FORMAT;
 351
 352         /* Plaintext part is already loaded */
 353         buf += mi4header.plaintext;
 354
 355         /* Decrypt in-place */
 356         tea_decrypt_buf(buf, buf,
 357                         mi4header.mi4size-(mi4header.plaintext+MI4_HEADER_SIZE),
 358                         tea_keytable[key_index].key);
 359
 360         printf("%s key used", tea_keytable[key_index].name);
 361
 362         /* Check decryption was successfull */
 363         if(le2int(&buf[mi4header.length-mi4header.plaintext-4]) != 0xaa55aa55)
 364         {
 365             return EREAD_IMAGE_FAILED;
 366         }
 367     }
 368
 369     return EOK;
 370 }
 371
 372 #if (CONFIG_STORAGE & STORAGE_SD)
 373 /* Load mi4 firmware from a hidden disk partition */
 374 int load_mi4_part(unsigned char* buf, struct partinfo* pinfo,
 375                   unsigned int buffer_size, bool disable_rebuild)
 376 {
 377     struct mi4header_t mi4header;
 378     struct ppmi_header_t ppmi_header;
 379     unsigned long sum;
 380
 381     /* Read header to find out how long the mi4 file is. */
 382     storage_read_sectors(0, pinfo->start + PPMI_SECTOR_OFFSET,
 383                             PPMI_SECTORS, &ppmi_header);
 384
 385     /* The first four characters at 0x80000 (sector 1024) should be PPMI*/
 386     if( memcmp(ppmi_header.magic, "PPMI", 4) )
 387         return EFILE_NOT_FOUND;
 388
 389     printf("BL mi4 size: %x", ppmi_header.length);
 390
 391     /* Read mi4 header of the OF */
 392     storage_read_sectors(0, pinfo->start + PPMI_SECTOR_OFFSET + PPMI_SECTORS
 393                        + (ppmi_header.length/512), MI4_HEADER_SECTORS, &mi4header);
 394
 395     /* We don't support encrypted mi4 files yet */
 396     if( (mi4header.plaintext) != (mi4header.mi4size-MI4_HEADER_SIZE))
 397         return EINVALID_FORMAT;
 398
 399     /* MI4 file size */
 400     printf("OF mi4 size: %x", mi4header.mi4size);
 401
 402     if ((mi4header.mi4size-MI4_HEADER_SIZE) > buffer_size)
 403         return EFILE_TOO_BIG;
 404
 405     /* CRC32 */
 406     printf("CRC32: %x", mi4header.crc32);
 407
 408     /* Rockbox model id */
 409     printf("Model id: %.4s", mi4header.model);
 410
 411     /* Read binary type (RBOS, RBBL) */
 412     printf("Binary type: %.4s", mi4header.type);
 413
 414     /* Load firmware */
 415     storage_read_sectors(0, pinfo->start + PPMI_SECTOR_OFFSET + PPMI_SECTORS
 416                         + (ppmi_header.length/512) + MI4_HEADER_SECTORS,
 417                         (mi4header.mi4size-MI4_HEADER_SIZE)/512, buf);
 418
 419     /* Check CRC32 to see if we have a valid file */
 420     sum = chksum_crc32 (buf,mi4header.mi4size-MI4_HEADER_SIZE);
 421
 422     printf("Calculated CRC32: %x", sum);
 423
 424     if(sum != mi4header.crc32)
 425         return EBAD_CHKSUM;
 426
 427 #ifdef SANSA_E200
 428     if (disable_rebuild)
 429     {
 430         char block[512];
 431
 432         printf("Disabling database rebuild");
 433
 434         storage_read_sectors(0, pinfo->start + 0x3c08, 1, block);
 435         block[0xe1] = 0;
 436         storage_write_sectors(0, pinfo->start + 0x3c08, 1, block);
 437     }
 438 #else
 439     (void) disable_rebuild;
 440 #endif
 441
 442     return EOK;
 443 }
 444 #endif
 445
 446 void* main(void)
 447 {
 448     int i;
 449     int btn;
 450     int rc;
 451     int num_partitions;
 452     struct partinfo* pinfo;
 453 #if defined(SANSA_E200) || defined(SANSA_C200) || defined(PHILIPS_SA9200) \
 454     || defined (SANSA_VIEW)
 455 #if !defined(USE_ROCKBOX_USB)
 456     int usb_retry = 0;
 457 #endif
 458     bool usb = false;
 459 #else
 460     char buf[256];
 461     unsigned short* identify_info;
 462 #endif
 463
 464     chksum_crc32gentab ();
 465
 466     system_init();
 467     kernel_init();
 468
 469     lcd_init();
 470
 471     font_init();
 472     show_logo();
 473
 474     adc_init();
 475     button_init();
 476 #if defined(SANSA_E200) || defined(PHILIPS_SA9200)
 477     i2c_init();
 478     _backlight_on();
 479 #endif
 480
 481     if (button_hold())
 482     {
 483         verbose = true;
 484         lcd_clear_display();
 485         printf("Hold switch on");
 486         printf("Shutting down...");
 487         sleep(HZ);
 488         power_off();
 489     }
 490
 491     btn = button_read_device();
 492
 493     /* Enable bootloader messages if any button is pressed */
 494     if (btn) {
 495         lcd_clear_display();
 496         verbose = true;
 497     }
 498
 499 #if defined(SANSA_E200) || defined(SANSA_C200) || defined(PHILIPS_SA9200)
 500 #if !defined(USE_ROCKBOX_USB)
 501     usb_init();
 502     while (usb_drv_powered() && usb_retry < 5 && !usb)
 503     {
 504         usb_retry++;
 505         sleep(HZ/4);
 506         usb = (usb_detect() == USB_INSERTED);
 507     }
 508     if (usb)
 509         btn |= BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF;
 510 #endif /* USE_ROCKBOX_USB */
 511 #endif
 512
 513     lcd_setfont(FONT_SYSFIXED);
 514
 515     printf("Rockbox boot loader");
 516     printf("Version: %s", version);
 517     printf(MODEL_NAME);
 518
 519     i=storage_init();
 520 #if !(CONFIG_STORAGE & STORAGE_SD)
 521     if (i==0) {
 522         identify_info=ata_get_identify();
 523         /* Show model */
 524         for (i=0; i < 20; i++) {
 525             ((unsigned short*)buf)[i]=htobe16(identify_info[i+27]);
 526         }
 527         buf[40]=0;
 528         for (i=39; i && buf[i]==' '; i--) {
 529             buf[i]=0;
 530         }
 531         printf(buf);
 532     } else {
 533         error(EATA, i);
 534     }
 535 #endif
 536
 537     disk_init(IF_MV(0));
 538     num_partitions = disk_mount_all();
 539     if (num_partitions<=0)
 540     {
 541         error(EDISK,num_partitions);
 542     }
 543
 544     /* Just list the first 2 partitions since we don't have any devices yet
 545        that have more than that */
 546     for(i=0; i<NUM_PARTITIONS; i++)
 547     {
 548         pinfo = disk_partinfo(i);
 549         printf("Partition %d: 0x%02x %ld MB",
 550                 i, pinfo->type, pinfo->size / 2048);
 551     }
 552
 553     /* Try loading Rockbox, if that fails, fall back to the OF */
 554     if((btn & BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF) == 0)
 555     {
 556         printf("Loading Rockbox...");
 557         rc = load_mi4(loadbuffer, BOOTFILE, MAX_LOADSIZE);
 558         if (rc < EOK)
 559         {
 560             bool old_verbose = verbose;
 561             verbose = true;
 562             printf("Can't load " BOOTFILE ": ");
 563             printf(strerror(rc));
 564             verbose = old_verbose;
 565             btn |= BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF;
 566             sleep(5*HZ);
 567         }
 568         else
 569             return (void*)loadbuffer;
 570     }
 571
 572     if(btn & BOOTLOADER_BOOT_OF)
 573     {
 574         /* Load original mi4 firmware in to a memory buffer called loadbuffer.
 575            The rest of the loading is done in crt0.S.
 576            1) First try reading from the hidden partition (on Sansa only).
 577            2) Next try a decrypted mi4 file in /System/OF.mi4
 578            3) Finally, try a raw firmware binary in /System/OF.mi4. It should be
 579               a mi4 firmware decrypted and header stripped using mi4code.
 580         */
 581         printf("Loading original firmware...");
 582
 583 #if (CONFIG_STORAGE & STORAGE_SD)
 584         /* First try a (hidden) firmware partition */
 585         printf("Trying firmware partition");
 586         pinfo = disk_partinfo(1);
 587         if(pinfo->type == PARTITION_TYPE_OS2_HIDDEN_C_DRIVE)
 588         {
 589             rc = load_mi4_part(loadbuffer, pinfo, MAX_LOADSIZE, usb);
 590             if (rc < EOK) {
 591                 printf("Can't load from partition");
 592                 printf(strerror(rc));
 593             } else {
 594                 return (void*)loadbuffer;
 595             }
 596         } else {
 597             printf("No hidden partition found.");
 598         }
 599 #endif
 600
 601 #if defined(PHILIPS_HDD1630)
 602         printf("Trying /System/OF.ebn");
 603         rc=load_mi4(loadbuffer, "/System/OF.ebn", MAX_LOADSIZE);
 604         if (rc < EOK) {
 605             printf("Can't load /System/OF.ebn");
 606             printf(strerror(rc));
 607         } else {
 608             return (void*)loadbuffer;
 609         }
 610 #endif
 611
 612         printf("Trying /System/OF.mi4");
 613         rc=load_mi4(loadbuffer, "/System/OF.mi4", MAX_LOADSIZE);
 614         if (rc < EOK) {
 615             printf("Can't load /System/OF.mi4");
 616             printf(strerror(rc));
 617         } else {
 618             return (void*)loadbuffer;
 619         }
 620
 621         printf("Trying /System/OF.bin");
 622         rc=load_raw_firmware(loadbuffer, "/System/OF.bin", MAX_LOADSIZE);
 623         if (rc < EOK) {
 624             printf("Can't load /System/OF.bin");
 625             printf(strerror(rc));
 626         } else {
 627             return (void*)loadbuffer;
 628         }
 629
 630         error(0, 0);
 631     }
 632     return (void*)loadbuffer;
 633 }