7 git-read-tree - Reads tree information into the directory cache
12 'git-read-tree' (<tree-ish> | -m <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> <tree-ish3>])"
16 Reads the tree information given by <tree> into the directory cache,
17 but does not actually *update* any of the files it "caches". (see:
20 Optionally, it can merge a tree into the cache or perform a 3-way
23 Trivial merges are done by "git-read-tree" itself. Only conflicting paths
24 will be in unmerged state when "git-read-tree" returns.
29 Perform a merge, not just a read
32 The id of the tree object(s) to be read/merged.
37 If '-m' is specified, "git-read-tree" performs 2 kinds of merge, a single tree
38 merge if only 1 tree is given or a 3-way merge if 3 trees are
43 If only 1 tree is specified, git-read-tree operates as if the user did not
44 specify '-m', except that if the original cache has an entry for a
45 given pathname; and the contents of the path matches with the tree
46 being read, the stat info from the cache is used. (In other words, the
47 cache's stat()s take precedence over the merged tree's)
49 That means that if you do a "git-read-tree -m <newtree>" followed by a
50 "git-checkout-cache -f -a", the "git-checkout-cache" only checks out
51 the stuff that really changed.
53 This is used to avoid unnecessary false hits when "git-diff-files" is
54 run after git-read-tree.
58 Each "index" entry has two bits worth of "stage" state. stage 0 is the
59 normal one, and is the only one you'd see in any kind of normal use.
61 However, when you do "git-read-tree" with three trees, the "stage"
64 This means that you can do
66 git-read-tree -m <tree1> <tree2> <tree3>
68 and you will end up with an index with all of the <tree1> entries in
69 "stage1", all of the <tree2> entries in "stage2" and all of the
70 <tree3> entries in "stage3".
72 Furthermore, "git-read-tree" has special-case logic that says: if you see
73 a file that matches in all respects in the following states, it
74 "collapses" back to "stage0":
76 - stage 2 and 3 are the same; take one or the other (it makes no
77 difference - the same work has been done on stage 2 and 3)
79 - stage 1 and stage 2 are the same and stage 3 is different; take
80 stage 3 (some work has been done on stage 3)
82 - stage 1 and stage 3 are the same and stage 2 is different take
83 stage 2 (some work has been done on stage 2)
85 The "git-write-tree" command refuses to write a nonsensical tree, and it
86 will complain about unmerged entries if it sees a single entry that is not
89 Ok, this all sounds like a collection of totally nonsensical rules,
90 but it's actually exactly what you want in order to do a fast
91 merge. The different stages represent the "result tree" (stage 0, aka
92 "merged"), the original tree (stage 1, aka "orig"), and the two trees
93 you are trying to merge (stage 2 and 3 respectively).
95 In fact, the way "git-read-tree" works, it's entirely agnostic about how
96 you assign the stages, and you could really assign them any which way,
97 and the above is just a suggested way to do it (except since
98 "git-write-tree" refuses to write anything but stage0 entries, it makes
99 sense to always consider stage 0 to be the "full merge" state).
101 So what happens? Try it out. Select the original tree, and two trees
102 to merge, and look how it works:
104 - if a file exists in identical format in all three trees, it will
105 automatically collapse to "merged" state by the new git-read-tree.
107 - a file that has _any_ difference what-so-ever in the three trees
108 will stay as separate entries in the index. It's up to "script
109 policy" to determine how to remove the non-0 stages, and insert a
110 merged version. But since the index is always sorted, they're easy
111 to find: they'll be clustered together.
113 - the index file saves and restores with all this information, so you
114 can merge things incrementally, but as long as it has entries in
115 stages 1/2/3 (ie "unmerged entries") you can't write the result. So
116 now the merge algorithm ends up being really simple:
118 * you walk the index in order, and ignore all entries of stage 0,
119 since they've already been done.
121 * if you find a "stage1", but no matching "stage2" or "stage3", you
122 know it's been removed from both trees (it only existed in the
123 original tree), and you remove that entry.
125 * if you find a matching "stage2" and "stage3" tree, you remove one
126 of them, and turn the other into a "stage0" entry. Remove any
127 matching "stage1" entry if it exists too. .. all the normal
130 Incidentally - it also means that you don't even have to have a
131 separate subdirectory for this. All the information literally is in
132 the index file, which is a temporary thing anyway. There is no need to
133 worry about what is in the working directory, since it is never shown
138 link:git-write-tree.html[git-write-tree]; link:git-ls-files.html[git-ls-files]
143 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
147 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
151 Part of the link:git.html[git] suite