6 git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
11 'git-rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
16 Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
17 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
18 meant for underlying `git-rev-list` command they use internally
19 and flags and parameters for other commands they use as the
20 downstream of `git-rev-list`. This command is used to
21 distinguish between them.
27 Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
28 `git-rev-list` command.
31 Do not output flags and parameters meant for
32 `git-rev-list` command.
35 Do not output non-flag parameters.
38 Do not output flag parameters.
41 If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
45 The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
46 object name. Otherwise barf and abort.
49 Usually the output is made one line per flag and
50 parameter. This option makes output a single line,
51 properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
52 you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
53 newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
57 When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
58 strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
62 Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
63 possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
64 form as close to the original input as possible.
68 Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`.
71 Show branch refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`.
74 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`.
77 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`.
80 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
81 path of the current directory relative to the top-level
85 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
86 path of the top-level directory relative to the current
87 directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
90 Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
92 --short, --short=number::
93 Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
94 abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
95 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
97 --since=datestring, --after=datestring::
98 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
99 --max-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
101 --until=datestring, --before=datestring::
102 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
103 --min-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
106 Flags and parameters to be parsed.
112 A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
113 commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
116 * The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
117 a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
118 E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
119 name the same commit object if there are no other object in
120 your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
122 * A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
123 object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
124 happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
125 explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
127 * A suffix '@' followed by a date specification enclosed in a brace
128 pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
129 second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
130 of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
131 used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
132 existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
134 * A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
135 that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
137 is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
138 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
139 object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
141 * A suffix '~<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
142 object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
143 commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
144 equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to\
145 rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1.
147 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
148 brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
149 could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
150 object of that type is found or the object cannot be
151 dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
152 introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
154 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
155 (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
156 and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
159 Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both node B and C are
160 a commit parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
177 D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
180 G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
181 H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
182 I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
183 J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
189 History traversing commands such as `git-log` operate on a set
190 of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
191 specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
192 previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
193 commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
195 To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
196 notation is used. E.g. "`{caret}r1 r2`" means commits reachable
197 from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
199 This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
200 for it. "`r1..r2`" is equivalent to "`{caret}r1 r2`". It is
201 the difference of two sets (subtract the set of commits
202 reachable from `r1` from the set of commits reachable from
205 A similar notation "`r1\...r2`" is called symmetric difference
206 of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
207 "`r1 r2 --not $(git-merge-base --all r1 r2)`".
208 It it the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
209 `r1` or `r2` but not from both.
211 Here are a few examples:
222 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
223 Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
227 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
231 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite