6 git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
12 'git-rev-list' [ \--max-count=number ]
14 [ \--max-age=timestamp ]
15 [ \--min-age=timestamp ]
25 [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
26 [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
27 [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
28 [ \--pretty | \--header ]
33 <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
38 Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
39 given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
40 useful to produce human-readable log output.
42 Commits which are stated with a preceding '{caret}' cause listing to
43 stop at that point. Their parents are implied. Thus the following
46 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
47 $ git-rev-list foo bar ^baz
48 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
50 means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
53 A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
54 short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
55 the following may be used interchangeably:
57 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
58 $ git-rev-list origin..HEAD
59 $ git-rev-list HEAD ^origin
60 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
62 Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
63 for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
64 between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:
66 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
67 $ git-rev-list A B --not $(git-merge-base --all A B)
69 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
71 gitlink:git-rev-list[1] is a very essential git program, since it
72 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
73 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
74 used by commands as different as gitlink:git-bisect[1] and
75 gitlink:git-repack[1].
83 Using these options, gitlink:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
84 more specialized family of commit log tools: gitlink:git-log[1],
85 gitlink:git-show[1], and gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]
87 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
91 Show dates relative to the current time, e.g. "2 hours ago".
92 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
93 as when using "--pretty".
97 Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
98 separated with a NUL character.
102 Print the parents of the commit.
106 Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
107 Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
108 the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those
109 commits are prefixed with `-`.
111 For example, if you have this topology:
113 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
118 o---x---a---a branch A
119 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
121 you would get an output line this:
123 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
124 $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
132 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
137 Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
138 Some of them are specific to gitlink:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
139 options may be given. See gitlink:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
143 This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed. It shows
144 the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
145 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
146 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
147 which were modified from all parents.
151 This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
152 patch output by omitting hunks that show differences from only
153 one parent, or show the same change from all but one parent for
158 Show recursive diffs.
162 Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
167 Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
168 special notations explained in the description, additional commit
169 limiting may be applied.
173 -n 'number', --max-count='number'::
175 Limit the number of commits output.
179 Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
181 --since='date', --after='date'::
183 Show commits more recent than a specific date.
185 --until='date', --before='date'::
187 Show commits older than a specific date.
189 --max-age='timestamp', --min-age='timestamp'::
191 Limit the commits output to specified time range.
193 --author='pattern', --committer='pattern'::
195 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
196 header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression).
200 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
201 matches the specified pattern (regular expression).
205 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
209 Do not print commits with more than one parent.
213 Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
214 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
218 Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/` are listed on the
219 command line as '<commit>'.
223 In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
224 line, read them from the standard input.
228 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
229 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
230 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
231 exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
232 nor 'commit1...commit2' notations cannot be used).
234 With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
235 this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
236 taken from the reflog. By default, 'commit@{Nth}' notation is
237 used in the output. When the starting commit is specified as
238 'commit@{now}', output also uses 'commit@{timestamp}' notation
239 instead. Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
240 prefixed with this information on the same line.
244 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
245 conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
249 Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
254 When optional paths are given, the default behaviour ('--dense') is to
255 only output commits that changes at least one of them, and also ignore
256 merges that do not touch the given paths.
258 Use the '--sparse' flag to makes the command output all eligible commits
259 (still subject to count and age limitation), but apply merge
260 simplification nevertheless.
264 Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
265 the included and excluded commits. Thus, if
267 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
268 $ git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
269 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
271 outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
273 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
274 $ git-rev-list foo ^midpoint
275 $ git-rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
276 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
278 would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which
279 introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
280 generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
288 By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
292 This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
293 descendant commits are shown before their parents).
297 This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
298 parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
299 are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
303 Output the commits in reverse order.
308 These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
312 Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
313 commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
314 all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
315 object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
319 Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
320 commits prefixed with a "-" character. This is used by
321 gitlink:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
322 objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
323 excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
327 Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
332 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
336 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca
337 and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
341 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite