6 git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
11 'git-rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
16 Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
17 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
18 meant for underlying `git-rev-list` command they use internally
19 and flags and parameters for other commands they use as the
20 downstream of `git-rev-list`. This command is used to
21 distinguish between them.
27 Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
28 `git-rev-list` command.
31 Do not output flags and parameters meant for
32 `git-rev-list` command.
35 Do not output non-flag parameters.
38 Do not output flag parameters.
41 If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
45 The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
46 object name. Otherwise barf and abort.
49 Usually the output is made one line per flag and
50 parameter. This option makes output a single line,
51 properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
52 you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
53 newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
57 When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
58 strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
62 Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
63 possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
64 form as close to the original input as possible.
68 Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`.
71 Show branch refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`.
74 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`.
77 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`.
80 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
81 path of the current directory relative to the top-level
85 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
86 path of the top-level directory relative to the current
87 directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
90 Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
93 When the current working directory is below the repository
94 directory print "true", otherwise "false".
96 --is-inside-work-tree::
97 When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the
98 repository print "true", otherwise "false".
100 --is-bare-repository::
101 When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
103 --short, --short=number::
104 Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
105 abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
106 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
108 --since=datestring, --after=datestring::
109 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
110 --max-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
112 --until=datestring, --before=datestring::
113 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
114 --min-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
117 Flags and parameters to be parsed.
123 A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
124 commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
125 syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
126 ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
127 blobs contained in a commit.
129 * The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
130 a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
131 E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
132 name the same commit object if there are no other object in
133 your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
135 * An output from `git-describe`; i.e. a closest tag, followed by a
136 dash, a `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
138 * A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
139 object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
140 happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
141 explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
142 When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
143 first match in the following rules:
145 . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
146 useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
148 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
150 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
152 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
154 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
156 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
158 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
160 pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
161 second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
162 of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
163 used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
164 existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
166 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
167 enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
168 the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
169 is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
170 is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
171 immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
172 log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
174 * You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
175 reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
176 branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
178 * A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
179 that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
181 is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
182 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
183 object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
185 * A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
186 object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
187 commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
188 equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
189 rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
190 the usage of this form.
192 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
193 brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
194 could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
195 object of that type is found or the object cannot be
196 dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
197 introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
199 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
200 (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
201 and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
204 * A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text: this names
205 a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
206 This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
207 reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a
208 '!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!',
209 followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
211 * A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
212 at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
215 * A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
216 colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
217 index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
218 that follows it) names an stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage
219 1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version
220 (typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from
221 the branch being merged.
223 Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both node B and C are
224 a commit parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
241 D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
244 G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
245 H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
246 I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
247 J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
253 History traversing commands such as `git-log` operate on a set
254 of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
255 specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
256 previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
257 commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
259 To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
260 notation is used. E.g. "`{caret}r1 r2`" means commits reachable
261 from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
263 This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
264 for it. "`r1..r2`" is equivalent to "`{caret}r1 r2`". It is
265 the difference of two sets (subtract the set of commits
266 reachable from `r1` from the set of commits reachable from
269 A similar notation "`r1\...r2`" is called symmetric difference
270 of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
271 "`r1 r2 --not $(git-merge-base --all r1 r2)`".
272 It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
273 `r1` or `r2` but not from both.
275 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
276 and its parent commits exists. `r1{caret}@` notation means all
277 parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
280 Here are a handful examples:
293 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
294 Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
298 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
302 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite