4 a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
5 Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any
7 b) the "Artistic License"
9 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 The General Public License (GPL)
14 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave,
15 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute
16 verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
20 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share
21 and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to
22 guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the
23 software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of
24 the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose
25 authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is
26 covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
29 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our
30 General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom
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32 you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the
33 software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do
36 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny
37 you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions
38 translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the
39 software, or if you modify it.
41 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a
42 fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make
43 sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show
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46 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer
47 you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or
50 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that
51 everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the
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62 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
65 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
66 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND
69 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice
70 placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of
71 this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program
72 or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any
73 derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the
74 Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
75 into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
76 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
78 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by
79 this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not
80 restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents
81 constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by
82 running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
84 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as
85 you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately
86 publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty;
87 keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
88 warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
89 along with the Program.
91 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at
92 your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
94 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus
95 forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such
96 modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also
97 meet all of these conditions:
99 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you
100 changed the files and the date of any change.
102 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in
103 part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed
104 as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
106 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you
107 must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary
108 way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright
109 notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
110 warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions,
111 and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the
112 Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement,
113 your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
115 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable
116 sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably
117 considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License,
118 and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as
119 separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole
120 which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on
121 the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
122 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
124 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to
125 work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control
126 the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.
128 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the
129 Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or
130 distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this
133 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under
134 Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
135 above provided that you also do one of the following:
137 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
138 code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
139 medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
141 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any
142 third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source
143 distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source
144 code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
145 customarily used for software interchange; or,
147 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute
148 corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial
149 distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable
150 form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
152 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
153 modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the
154 source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition
155 files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the
156 executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
157 not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form)
158 with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system
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162 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy
163 from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source
164 code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though
165 third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
167 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as
168 expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
169 sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate
170 your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
171 rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long
172 as such parties remain in full compliance.
174 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it.
175 However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program
176 or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept
177 this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
178 based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so,
179 and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the
180 Program or works based on it.
182 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program),
183 the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy,
184 distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You
185 may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
186 granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties
189 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement
190 or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on
191 you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the
192 conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
193 License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations
194 under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
195 you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would
196 not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive
197 copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy
198 both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the
201 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular
202 circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as
203 a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
205 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other
206 property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has
207 the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution
208 system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have
209 made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through
210 that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the
211 author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any
212 other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
214 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a
215 consequence of the rest of this License.
217 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries
218 either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who
219 places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical
220 distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted
221 only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License
222 incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
224 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the
225 General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in
226 spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
229 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a
230 version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you
231 have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of
232 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does
233 not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
234 published by the Free Software Foundation.
236 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs
237 whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for
238 permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation,
239 write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.
240 Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all
241 derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of
246 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS
247 NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
248 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE
249 COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM
250 "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR
251 IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
252 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
253 ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
254 PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE,
255 YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
258 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED
259 TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY
260 WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS
261 PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
262 GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
263 ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
264 (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
265 RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
266 PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
267 OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS
268 BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
270 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
273 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
279 The intent of this document is to state the conditions under which a Package
280 may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some semblance of
281 artistic control over the development of the package, while giving the users of the
282 package the right to use and distribute the Package in a more-or-less customary
283 fashion, plus the right to make reasonable modifications.
287 - "Package" refers to the collection of files distributed by the Copyright
288 Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files created through textual
290 - "Standard Version" refers to such a Package if it has not been modified,
291 or has been modified in accordance with the wishes of the Copyright
293 - "Copyright Holder" is whoever is named in the copyright or copyrights for
295 - "You" is you, if you're thinking about copying or distributing this Package.
296 - "Reasonable copying fee" is whatever you can justify on the basis of
297 media cost, duplication charges, time of people involved, and so on. (You
298 will not be required to justify it to the Copyright Holder, but only to the
299 computing community at large as a market that must bear the fee.)
300 - "Freely Available" means that no fee is charged for the item itself, though
301 there may be fees involved in handling the item. It also means that
302 recipients of the item may redistribute it under the same conditions they
305 1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
306 Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you duplicate
307 all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
309 2. You may apply bug fixes, portability fixes and other modifications derived from
310 the Public Domain or from the Copyright Holder. A Package modified in such a
311 way shall still be considered the Standard Version.
313 3. You may otherwise modify your copy of this Package in any way, provided
314 that you insert a prominent notice in each changed file stating how and when
315 you changed that file, and provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
317 a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
318 make them Freely Available, such as by posting said modifications
319 to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or placing the modifications on
320 a major archive site such as ftp.uu.net, or by allowing the
321 Copyright Holder to include your modifications in the Standard
322 Version of the Package.
324 b) use the modified Package only within your corporation or
327 c) rename any non-standard executables so the names do not
328 conflict with standard executables, which must also be provided,
329 and provide a separate manual page for each non-standard
330 executable that clearly documents how it differs from the Standard
333 d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
335 4. You may distribute the programs of this Package in object code or executable
336 form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
338 a) distribute a Standard Version of the executables and library
339 files, together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
340 on where to get the Standard Version.
342 b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
343 the Package with your modifications.
345 c) accompany any non-standard executables with their
346 corresponding Standard Version executables, giving the
347 non-standard executables non-standard names, and clearly
348 documenting the differences in manual pages (or equivalent),
349 together with instructions on where to get the Standard Version.
351 d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
353 5. You may charge a reasonable copying fee for any distribution of this Package.
354 You may charge any fee you choose for support of this Package. You may not
355 charge a fee for this Package itself. However, you may distribute this Package in
356 aggregate with other (possibly commercial) programs as part of a larger
357 (possibly commercial) software distribution provided that you do not advertise
358 this Package as a product of your own.
360 6. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as output from
361 the programs of this Package do not automatically fall under the copyright of this
362 Package, but belong to whomever generated them, and may be sold
363 commercially, and may be aggregated with this Package.
365 7. C or perl subroutines supplied by you and linked into this Package shall not
366 be considered part of this Package.
368 8. The name of the Copyright Holder may not be used to endorse or promote
369 products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
371 9. THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
372 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
373 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR