1 .TH LOCATEDB 5 \" -*- nroff -*-
3 locatedb \- front-compressed file name database
5 This manual page documents the format of file name databases for the
8 The file name databases contain lists of files that were in
9 particular directory trees when the databases were last updated.
11 There can be multiple databases. Users can select which databases
12 \fBlocate\fP searches using an environment variable or command line
13 option; see \fBlocate\fP(1). The system administrator can choose the
14 file name of the default database, the frequency with which the
15 databases are updated, and the directories for which they contain
16 entries. Normally, file name databases are updated by running the
17 \fBupdatedb\fP program periodically, typically nightly; see
20 \fBupdatedb\fP runs a program called \fBfrcode\fP to compress the list
21 of file names using front-compression, which reduces
22 the database size by a factor of 4 to 5. Front-compression (also
23 known as incremental encoding) works as follows.
25 The database entries are a sorted list (case-insensitively, for users'
26 convenience). Since the list is sorted, each entry is likely to share
27 a prefix (initial string) with the previous entry. Each database
28 entry begins with an offset-differential count byte, which is the
29 additional number of characters of prefix of the preceding entry to
30 use beyond the number that the preceding entry is using of its
31 predecessor. (The counts can be negative.) Following the count is a
32 null-terminated ASCII remainder \(em the part of the name that follows
35 If the offset-differential count is larger than can be stored in a
36 byte (+/\-127), the byte has the value 0x80 and the count follows in a
37 2-byte word, with the high byte first (network byte order).
39 Every database begins with a dummy entry for a file called `LOCATE02',
40 which \fBlocate\fP checks for to ensure that the database file has the
41 correct format; it ignores the entry in doing the search.
43 Databases can not be concatenated together, even if the first
44 (dummy) entry is trimmed from all but the first database. This
45 is because the offset-differential count in the first entry of the
46 second and following databases will be wrong.
48 There is also an old database format, used by Unix
52 programs and earlier releases of the GNU ones. \fBupdatedb\fP runs
53 programs called \fBbigram\fP and \fBcode\fP to produce old-format
54 databases. The old format differs from the above description in the
55 following ways. Instead of each entry starting with an
56 offset-differential count byte and ending with a null, byte values
57 from 0 through 28 indicate offset-differential counts from -14 through
58 14. The byte value indicating that a long offset-differential count
59 follows is 0x1e (30), not 0x80. The long counts are stored in host
60 byte order, which is not necessarily network byte order, and host
61 integer word size, which is usually 4 bytes. They also represent a
62 count 14 less than their value. The database lines have no
63 termination byte; the start of the next line is indicated by its first
64 byte having a value <= 30.
66 In addition, instead of starting with a dummy entry, the old database
67 format starts with a 256 byte table containing the 128 most common
68 bigrams in the file list. A bigram is a pair of adjacent bytes.
69 Bytes in the database that have the high bit set are indexes (with the
70 high bit cleared) into the bigram table. The bigram and
71 offset-differential count coding makes these databases 20-25% smaller
72 than the new format, but makes them not 8-bit clean. Any byte in a
73 file name that is in the ranges used for the special codes is replaced
74 in the database by a question mark, which not coincidentally is the
75 shell wildcard to match a single character.
79 Input to \fBfrcode\fP:
80 .\" with nulls changed to newlines:
82 /usr/src/cmd/aardvark.c
83 /usr/src/cmd/armadillo.c
86 Length of the longest prefix of the preceding entry to share:
93 Output from \fBfrcode\fP, with trailing nulls changed to newlines
94 and count bytes made printable:
102 (6 = 14 \- 8, and \-9 = 5 \- 14)
105 \fBfind\fP(1), \fBlocate\fP(1), \fBlocatedb\fP(5), \fBxargs\fP(1)
106 \fBFinding Files\fP (on-line in Info, or printed)
109 The best way to report a bug is to use the form at
110 http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=findutils.
111 The reason for this is that you will then be able to track progress in
112 fixing the problem. Other comments about \fBlocate\fP(1) and about
113 the findutils package in general can be sent to the
115 mailing list. To join the list, send email to
116 .IR bug-findutils-request@gnu.org .