Retry only for https protocol

[elinks.git] / src / util / fastfind.c

/** Very fast search_keyword_in_list.
 * @file
 *
 *
 * It replaces bsearch() + strcasecmp() + callback + ...
 *
 * Following conditions should be met:
 *
 * - list keys are C strings.
 * - keys should not be greater than 255 characters, and optimally < 20
 *   characters. It can work with greater keys but then memory usage will
 *   grow a lot.
 * - each key must be unique and non empty.
 * - list do not have to be ordered.
 * - total number of unique characters used in all keys should be <= 128
 * - idealy total number of keys should be <= 512 (but see below)
 *
 *  (c) 2003 Laurent MONIN (aka Zas)
 * Feel free to do whatever you want with that code.
 *
 *
 * These routines use a tree search. First, a big tree is composed from the
 * keys on input. Then, when searching we just go through the tree. If we will
 * end up on an 'ending' node, we've got it.
 *
 * Hm, okay. For keys { 'head', 'h1', 'body', 'bodyrock', 'bodyground' }, it
 * would look like:
 *
 * @verbatim
 *             [root]
 *          b          h
 *          o        e   1
 *          d        a
 *          Y        D
 *        g   r
 *        r   o
 *        o   c
 *        u   K
 *        D
 * @endverbatim
 *
 * (the ending nodes are upcased just for this drawing, not in real)
 *
 * To optimize this for speed, leafs of nodes are organized in per-node arrays
 * (so-called 'leafsets'), indexed by symbol value of the key's next character.
 * But to optimize that for memory, we first compose own alphabet consisting
 * only from the chars we ever use in the key strings. fastfind_info.uniq_chars
 * holds that alphabet and fastfind_info.idxtab is used to translate between it
 * and ASCII.
 *
 * Tree building: O((L+M)*N)
 *                      (L: mean key length, M: alphabet size,
 *                       N: number of items).
 * String lookup: O(N) (N: string length). */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "elinks.h"

#include "util/conv.h"
#include "util/error.h"
#include "util/fastfind.h"
#include "util/memdebug.h"
#include "util/memory.h"

#ifdef USE_FASTFIND

/** Define it to generate performance and memory usage statistics to stderr. */
#if 0
#define DEBUG_FASTFIND
#endif

/** Define whether to use 32 or 64 bits per compressed element. */
#if 1
#define USE_32_BITS
#endif

#define END_LEAF_BITS           1
#define COMPRESSED_BITS         1

#ifdef USE_32_BITS

/* Use only 32 bits per element, but has very low limits. */
/* Adequate for ELinks tags search. */

#define POINTER_INDEX_BITS      10      /* 1024 */
#define LEAFSET_INDEX_BITS      13      /* 8192 */
#define COMP_CHAR_INDEX_BITS    7       /* 128  */

#define ff_node ff_node_c /* Both are 32 bits long. */

#if (POINTER_INDEX_BITS + LEAFSET_INDEX_BITS + \
     COMP_CHAR_INDEX_BITS + END_LEAF_BITS + \
     COMPRESSED_BITS) > 32
#error Over 32 bits in struct ff_node !!
#endif

#else /* !USE_32_BITS */

/* Keep this one if there is more than 512 keywords in a list
 * it eats a bit more memory.
 * ELinks may need this one if fastfind is used in other
 * things than tags searching. */
/* This will make struct ff_node_c use 64 bits. */

#define POINTER_INDEX_BITS      12
#define LEAFSET_INDEX_BITS      18
#define COMP_CHAR_INDEX_BITS    8

#if (POINTER_INDEX_BITS + LEAFSET_INDEX_BITS + \
     + END_LEAF_BITS + COMPRESSED_BITS) > 32
#error Over 32 bits in struct ff_node !!
#endif

struct ff_node {
        /** End leaf -> p is significant */
        unsigned int e:END_LEAF_BITS;

        /** Compressed */
        unsigned int c:COMPRESSED_BITS;

        /** Index in pointers */
        unsigned int p:POINTER_INDEX_BITS;

        /** Index in leafsets */
        unsigned int l:LEAFSET_INDEX_BITS;
};

#endif /* USE_32_BITS */


#define FF_MAX_KEYS     (1  << POINTER_INDEX_BITS)
#define FF_MAX_LEAFSETS ((1 << LEAFSET_INDEX_BITS) - 1)
#define FF_MAX_CHARS    (1  << COMP_CHAR_INDEX_BITS)
#define FF_MAX_KEYLEN   255

struct ff_node_c {
        unsigned int e:END_LEAF_BITS;
        unsigned int c:COMPRESSED_BITS;
        unsigned int p:POINTER_INDEX_BITS;
        unsigned int l:LEAFSET_INDEX_BITS;

        /** Index of char when compressed. */
        unsigned int ch:COMP_CHAR_INDEX_BITS;
};

struct ff_data {
        void *pointer;
        int keylen;
};

struct fastfind_info {
        struct ff_data *data;

        struct ff_node **leafsets;
        struct ff_node *root_leafset;

        int min_key_len;
        int max_key_len;

        int uniq_chars_count;
        int count;
        int pointers_count;
        int leafsets_count;

        unsigned int case_aware:1;
        unsigned int locale_indep:1;
        unsigned int compress:1;

        int idxtab[FF_MAX_CHARS];
        unsigned char uniq_chars[FF_MAX_CHARS];

#ifdef DEBUG_FASTFIND
        struct {
                unsigned long searches;
                unsigned long found;
                unsigned long itertmp;
                unsigned long iterdelta;
                unsigned long itermax;
                unsigned long iterations;
                unsigned long tests;
                unsigned long teststmp;
                unsigned long testsdelta;
                unsigned long testsmax;
                unsigned long memory_usage;
                unsigned long total_key_len;
                unsigned int  compressed_nodes;
                unsigned char *comment;
        } debug;
#endif
};


#ifdef DEBUG_FASTFIND
/* These are for performance testing. */
#define FF_DBG_mem(x, size) (x)->debug.memory_usage += (size)
#define FF_DBG_test(x) (x)->debug.tests++
#define FF_DBG_iter(x) (x)->debug.iterations++
#define FF_DBG_cnode(x) (x)->debug.compressed_nodes++
#define FF_DBG_found(x) \
        do { \
                unsigned long iter = (x)->debug.iterations - (x)->debug.itertmp;        \
                unsigned long tests = (x)->debug.tests - (x)->debug.teststmp;           \
                                                                                        \
                (x)->debug.iterdelta += iter;                                           \
                (x)->debug.testsdelta += tests;                                         \
                if (iter > (x)->debug.itermax)                                          \
                        (x)->debug.itermax = iter;                                      \
                if (tests > (x)->debug.testsmax)                                        \
                        (x)->debug.testsmax = tests;                                    \
                (x)->debug.found++;                                                     \
        } while (0)
#define FF_DBG_comment(x, str) do { (x)->debug.comment = empty_string_or_(str); } while (0)

/** Update search stats. */
static void
FF_DBG_search_stats(struct fastfind_info *info, int key_len)
{
        info->debug.searches++;
        info->debug.total_key_len += key_len;
        info->debug.teststmp = info->debug.tests;
        info->debug.itertmp = info->debug.iterations;
}

/** Dump all stats. */
static void
FF_DBG_dump_stats(struct fastfind_info *info)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "------ FastFind Statistics ------\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "Comment     : %s\n", info->debug.comment);
        fprintf(stderr, "Case-aware  : %s\n", info->case_aware ? "yes" : "no");
        fprintf(stderr, "Locale-indep: %s\n", info->locale_indep ? "yes" : "no");
        fprintf(stderr, "Compress    : %s\n", info->compress ? "yes" : "no");
        fprintf(stderr, "Uniq_chars  : %s\n", info->uniq_chars);
        fprintf(stderr, "Uniq_chars #: %d/%d max.\n", info->uniq_chars_count, FF_MAX_CHARS);
        fprintf(stderr, "Min_key_len : %d\n", info->min_key_len);
        fprintf(stderr, "Max_key_len : %d\n", info->max_key_len);
        fprintf(stderr, "Entries     : %d/%d max.\n", info->pointers_count, FF_MAX_KEYS);
        fprintf(stderr, "Leafsets    : %d/%d max.\n", info->leafsets_count, FF_MAX_LEAFSETS);
        if (info->compress)
                fprintf(stderr, "C. leafsets : %u/%d (%0.2f%%)\n",
                        info->debug.compressed_nodes,
                        info->leafsets_count,
                        100 * (double) info->debug.compressed_nodes / info->leafsets_count);
        fprintf(stderr, "Memory usage: %lu bytes (cost per entry = %0.2f bytes)\n",
                info->debug.memory_usage, (double) info->debug.memory_usage / info->pointers_count);
        fprintf(stderr, "Struct info : %zu bytes\n", sizeof(*info) - sizeof(info->debug));
        fprintf(stderr, "Struct node : %zu bytes\n", sizeof(struct ff_node));
        fprintf(stderr, "Struct cnode: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(struct ff_node_c));
        fprintf(stderr, "Searches    : %lu\n", info->debug.searches);
        fprintf(stderr, "Found       : %lu (%0.2f%%)\n",
                info->debug.found, 100 * (double) info->debug.found / info->debug.searches);
        fprintf(stderr, "Iterations  : %lu (%0.2f per search, %0.2f before found, %lu max)\n",
                info->debug.iterations, (double) info->debug.iterations / info->debug.searches,
                (double) info->debug.iterdelta / info->debug.found,
                info->debug.itermax);
        fprintf(stderr, "Tests       : %lu (%0.2f per search, %0.2f per iter., %0.2f before found, %lu max)\n",
                info->debug.tests, (double) info->debug.tests / info->debug.searches,
                (double) info->debug.tests / info->debug.iterations,
                (double) info->debug.testsdelta / info->debug.found,
                info->debug.testsmax);
        fprintf(stderr, "Total keylen: %lu bytes (%0.2f per search, %0.2f per iter.)\n",
                info->debug.total_key_len, (double) info->debug.total_key_len / info->debug.searches,
                (double) info->debug.total_key_len / info->debug.iterations);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}

#else /* !DEBUG_FASTFIND */

#define FF_DBG_mem(x, size)
#define FF_DBG_test(x)
#define FF_DBG_iter(x)
#define FF_DBG_cnode(x)
#define FF_DBG_found(x)
#define FF_DBG_comment(x, comment)
#define FF_DBG_search_stats(info, key_len)
#define FF_DBG_dump_stats(info)

#endif /* DEBUG_FASTFIND */


static struct fastfind_info *
init_fastfind(struct fastfind_index *index, enum fastfind_flags flags)
{
        struct fastfind_info *info = mem_calloc(1, sizeof(*info));

        index->handle = info;
        if (!info) return NULL;

        info->min_key_len = FF_MAX_KEYLEN;
        info->case_aware = !!(flags & FF_CASE_AWARE);
        info->locale_indep = !!(flags & FF_LOCALE_INDEP);
        info->compress = !!(flags & FF_COMPRESS);

        FF_DBG_mem(info, sizeof(*info) - sizeof(info->debug));
        FF_DBG_comment(info, index->comment);

        return info;
}

/** @returns 1 on success, 0 on allocation failure */
static int
alloc_ff_data(struct fastfind_info *info)
{
        struct ff_data *data;

        assert(info->count < FF_MAX_KEYS);
        if_assert_failed return 0;

        /* On error, cleanup is done by fastfind_done(). */

        data = mem_calloc(info->count, sizeof(*data));
        if (!data) return 0;
        info->data = data;
        FF_DBG_mem(info, info->count * sizeof(*data));

        return 1;
}

/** Add pointer and its key length to correspondant arrays, incrementing
 * internal counter. */
static void
add_to_ff_data(void *p, int key_len, struct fastfind_info *info)
{
        struct ff_data *data = &info->data[info->pointers_count++];

        /* Record new pointer and key len, used in search */
        data->pointer = p;
        data->keylen = key_len;
}

/** @returns 1 on success, 0 on allocation failure */
static int
alloc_leafset(struct fastfind_info *info)
{
        struct ff_node **leafsets;
        struct ff_node *leafset;

        assert(info->leafsets_count < FF_MAX_LEAFSETS);
        if_assert_failed return 0;

        /* info->leafsets[0] is never used since l=0 marks no leaf
         * in struct ff_node. That's the reason of that + 2. */
        leafsets = mem_realloc(info->leafsets,
                               sizeof(*leafsets) * (info->leafsets_count + 2));
        if (!leafsets) return 0;
        info->leafsets = leafsets;

        leafset = mem_calloc(info->uniq_chars_count, sizeof(*leafset));
        if (!leafset) return 0;

        FF_DBG_mem(info, sizeof(*leafsets));
        FF_DBG_mem(info, sizeof(*leafset) * info->uniq_chars_count);

        info->leafsets_count++;
        info->leafsets[info->leafsets_count] = leafset;

        return 1;
}

static inline int
char2idx(unsigned char c, struct fastfind_info *info)
{
        unsigned char *idx = memchr(info->uniq_chars, c, info->uniq_chars_count);

        if (idx) return (idx - info->uniq_chars);

        return -1;
}

static inline void
init_idxtab(struct fastfind_info *info)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < FF_MAX_CHARS; i++)
                info->idxtab[i] = char2idx((unsigned char) i, info);
}

static inline void
compress_node(struct ff_node *leafset, struct fastfind_info *info,
              int i, int pos)
{
        struct ff_node_c *new_ = mem_alloc(sizeof(*new_));

        if (!new_) return;

        new_->c = 1;
        new_->e = leafset[pos].e;
        new_->p = leafset[pos].p;
        new_->l = leafset[pos].l;
        new_->ch = pos;

        mem_free_set(&info->leafsets[i], (struct ff_node *) new_);
        FF_DBG_cnode(info);
        FF_DBG_mem(info, sizeof(*new_));
        FF_DBG_mem(info, sizeof(*leafset) * -info->uniq_chars_count);
}

static void
compress_tree(struct ff_node *leafset, struct fastfind_info *info)
{
        int cnt = 0;
        int pos = 0;
        int i;

        assert(info);
        if_assert_failed return;

        for (i = 0; i < info->uniq_chars_count; i++) {
                if (leafset[i].c) continue;

                if (leafset[i].l) {
                        /* There's a leaf leafset, descend to it and recurse */
                        compress_tree(info->leafsets[leafset[i].l], info);
                }

                if (leafset[i].l || leafset[i].e) {
                        cnt++;
                        pos = i;
                }
        }

        if (cnt != 1 || leafset[pos].c) return;

        /* Compress if possible ;) */
        for (i = 1; i < info->leafsets_count; i++) {
                if (info->leafsets[i] == leafset) {
                        compress_node(leafset, info, i, pos);
                        return;
                }
        }
}

#define ifcase(c) ( info->case_aware ? (c) : (info->locale_indep ? c_toupper(c) : toupper(c)) )

struct fastfind_index *
fastfind_index(struct fastfind_index *index, enum fastfind_flags flags)
{
        struct fastfind_key_value *p;
        struct fastfind_info *info;

        assert(index && index->reset && index->next);
        if_assert_failed goto return_error;

        info = init_fastfind(index, flags);
        if (!info) goto return_error;

        /* First search min, max, count and uniq_chars. */
        index->reset();

        while ((p = index->next())) {
                int key_len = strlen(p->key);
                int i;

                assert(key_len > 0 && key_len <= FF_MAX_KEYLEN);
                if_assert_failed goto return_error;

                if (key_len < info->min_key_len)
                        info->min_key_len = key_len;

                if (key_len > info->max_key_len)
                        info->max_key_len = key_len;

                for (i = 0; i < key_len; i++) {
                        /* ifcase() test should be moved outside loops but
                         * remember we call this routine only once per list.
                         * So I go for code readability vs performance here.
                         * --Zas */
                        int k = ifcase(p->key[i]);

                        assert(k < FF_MAX_CHARS);
                        if_assert_failed goto return_error;

                        if (char2idx(k, info) == -1) {
                                assert(info->uniq_chars_count < FF_MAX_CHARS);
                                if_assert_failed goto return_error;

                                info->uniq_chars[info->uniq_chars_count++] = k;
                        }
                }

                info->count++;
        }

        if (!info->count) return NULL;

        init_idxtab(info);

        /* Root leafset allocation */
        if (!alloc_leafset(info)) goto return_error;

        info->root_leafset = info->leafsets[info->leafsets_count];

        if (!alloc_ff_data(info)) goto return_error;

        /* Build the tree */
        index->reset();

        while ((p = index->next())) {
                int key_len = strlen(p->key);
                struct ff_node *leafset = info->root_leafset;
                int i;

#if 0
                fprintf(stderr, "K: %s\n", p->key);
#endif
                for (i = 0; i < key_len - 1; i++) {
                        /* Convert char to its index value */
                        int idx = info->idxtab[ifcase(p->key[i])];

                        /* leafset[idx] is the desired leaf node's bucket. */

                        if (leafset[idx].l == 0) {
                                /* There's no leaf yet */
                                if (!alloc_leafset(info)) goto return_error;
                                leafset[idx].l = info->leafsets_count;
                        }

                        /* Descend to leaf */
                        leafset = info->leafsets[leafset[idx].l];
                }

                /* Index final leaf */
                i = info->idxtab[ifcase(p->key[i])];

                leafset[i].e = 1;

                /* Memorize pointer to data */
                leafset[i].p = info->pointers_count;
                add_to_ff_data(p->data, key_len, info);
        }

        if (info->compress)
                compress_tree(info->root_leafset, info);

        return index;

return_error:
        fastfind_done(index);
        return NULL;
}

#undef ifcase


/** This macro searchs for the key in indexed list */
#define FF_SEARCH(what) do {                                                    \
        int i;                                                                  \
                                                                                \
        for (i = 0; i < key_len; i++) {                                         \
                int lidx, k = what;                                             \
                                                                                \
                FF_DBG_iter(info);                                              \
                                                                                \
                FF_DBG_test(info);                                              \
                if (k >= FF_MAX_CHARS) return NULL;                             \
                lidx = info->idxtab[k];                                         \
                                                                                \
                FF_DBG_test(info);                                              \
                if (lidx < 0) return NULL;                                      \
                                                                                \
                FF_DBG_test(info);                                              \
                if (current->c) {                                               \
                        /* It is a compressed leaf. */                          \
                        FF_DBG_test(info);                                      \
                        if (((struct ff_node_c *) current)->ch != lidx)         \
                                return NULL;                                    \
                } else {                                                        \
                        current = &current[lidx];                               \
                }                                                               \
                                                                                \
                FF_DBG_test(info);                                              \
                if (current->e) {                                               \
                        struct ff_data *data = &info->data[current->p];         \
                                                                                \
                        FF_DBG_test(info);                                      \
                        if (key_len == data->keylen) {                          \
                                FF_DBG_found(info);                             \
                                return data->pointer;                           \
                        }                                                       \
                }                                                               \
                                                                                \
                FF_DBG_test(info);                                              \
                if (!current->l) return NULL;                                   \
                current = (struct ff_node *) info->leafsets[current->l];        \
        }                                                                       \
} while (0)

void *
fastfind_search(struct fastfind_index *index,
                const unsigned char *key, int key_len)
{
        struct ff_node *current;
        struct fastfind_info *info;

        assert(index);
        if_assert_failed return NULL;

        info = index->handle;

        assertm(info != NULL, "FastFind index %s not initialized", index->comment);
        if_assert_failed return NULL;

        FF_DBG_search_stats(info, key_len);

        FF_DBG_test(info); if (!key) return NULL;
        FF_DBG_test(info); if (key_len > info->max_key_len) return NULL;
        FF_DBG_test(info); if (key_len < info->min_key_len) return NULL;

        current = info->root_leafset;

        /* Macro and code redundancy are there to obtain maximum
         * performance. Do not move it to an inlined function.
         * Do not even think about it.
         * If you find a better way (same or better performance) then
         * propose it and be prepared to defend it. --Zas */

        FF_DBG_test(info);
        if (info->case_aware)
                FF_SEARCH(key[i]);
        else
                if (info->locale_indep)
                        FF_SEARCH(c_toupper(key[i]));
                else
                        FF_SEARCH(toupper(key[i]));

        return NULL;
}

#undef FF_SEARCH

void
fastfind_done(struct fastfind_index *index)
{
        struct fastfind_info *info;

        assert(index);
        if_assert_failed return;

        info = index->handle;
        if (!info) return;

        FF_DBG_dump_stats(info);

        mem_free_if(info->data);
        while (info->leafsets_count) {
                mem_free_if(info->leafsets[info->leafsets_count]);
                info->leafsets_count--;
        }
        mem_free_if(info->leafsets);
        mem_free(info);

        index->handle = NULL;
}


/* EXAMPLE */

#if 0
struct list {
        unsigned char *tag;
        int val;
};

struct list list[] = {
        {"A",           1},
        {"ABBR",        2},
        {"ADDRESS",     3},
        {"B",           4},
        {"BASE",        5},
        {"BASEFONT",    6},
        {"BLOCKQUOTE",  7},
        {"BODY",        8},
        {"BR",          9},
        {"BUTTON",      10},
        {"CAPTION",     11},
        {"CENTER",      12},
        {"CODE",        13},
        {"DD",          14},
        {"DFN",         15},
        {"DIR",         16},
        {"DIV",         17},
        {"DL",          18},
        {"DT",          19},
        {"EM",          20},
        {"FIXED",       21},
        {"FONT",        22},
        {"FORM",        23},
        {"FRAME",       24},
        {"FRAMESET",    25},
        {"H1",          26},
        {"H2",          27},
        {"H3",          28},
        {"H4",          29},
        {"H5",          30},
        {"H6",          31},
        /* {"HEAD",     html_skip,      0, 0}, */
        {"HR",          32},
        {"I",           33},
        {"IFRAME",      34},
        {"IMG",         35},
        {"INPUT",       36},
        {"LI",          37},
        {"LINK",        38},
        {"LISTING",     39},
        {"MENU",        40},
        {"NOFRAMES",    41},
        {"OL",          42},
        {"OPTION",      43},
        {"P",           44},
        {"PRE",         45},
        {"Q",           46},
        {"S",           47},
        {"SCRIPT",      48},
        {"SELECT",      49},
        {"SPAN",        50},
        {"STRIKE",      51},
        {"STRONG",      52},
        {"STYLE",       53},
        {"SUB",         54},
        {"SUP",         55},
        {"TABLE",       56},
        {"TD",          57},
        {"TEXTAREA",    58},
        {"TH",          59},
        {"TITLE",       60},
        {"TR",          61},
        {"U",           62},
        {"UL",          63},
        {"XMP",         64},
        {NULL,          0}, /* List terminaison is key = NULL */
};


struct list *internal_pointer;

/** Reset internal list pointer */
void
reset_list(void)
{
        internal_pointer = list;
}

/** Returns a pointer to a struct that contains
 * current key and data pointers and increment
 * internal pointer.
 * It returns NULL when key is NULL. */
struct fastfind_key_value *
next_in_list(void)
{
        static struct fastfind_key_value kv;

        if (!internal_pointer->tag) return NULL;

        kv.key = internal_pointer->tag;
        kv.data = internal_pointer;

        internal_pointer++;

        return &kv;
}

static struct fastfind_index ff_index
        = INIT_FASTFIND_INDEX("example", reset_list, next_in_list);

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        unsigned char *key = argv[1];
        struct list *result;

        if (!key || !*key) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Usage: fastfind keyword\n");
                exit(-1);
        }

        fprintf(stderr, "---------- INDEX PHASE -----------\n");
        /* Mandatory */
        fastfind_index(&ff_index, FF_COMPRESS);

        fprintf(stderr, "---------- SEARCH PHASE ----------\n");
        /* Without this one ... */
        result = (struct list *) fastfind_search(&ff_index, key, strlen(key));

        if (result)
                fprintf(stderr, " Found: '%s' -> %d\n", result->tag, result->val);
        else
                fprintf(stderr, " Not found: '%s'\n", key);

        fprintf(stderr, "---------- CLEANUP PHASE ----------\n");
        fastfind_done(&ff_index);

        exit(0);
}

#endif

#endif /* USE_FASTFIND */