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1 # @(#)asia 8.48
2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
10 #
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 #
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 #
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 #
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 #
28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30 #
31 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
32 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
33 # Corrections are welcome!
34 # std dst
35 # LMT Local Mean Time
36 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
37 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
38 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
39 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
40 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
41 # 5:30 IST India
42 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
43 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
44 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
45 # 8:00 CST China
46 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
47 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
48 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
49 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
50 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
51 #
52 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
54 # From Guy Harris:
55 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
56 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
57 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
58 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
60 ###############################################################################
62 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
65 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
69 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80 # Afghanistan
81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
83 4:00 - AFT 1945
84 4:30 - AFT
86 # Armenia
87 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
88 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
89 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
90 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
91 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
92 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
93 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
94 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
95 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
102 4:00 - AMT 1997
103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
105 # Azerbaijan
106 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
107 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
108 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
111 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
113 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
122 # Bahrain
123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
126 3:00 - AST
128 # Bangladesh
129 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
130 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
131 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
132 #
133 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
134 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
135 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
136 # </a>
137 # or
138 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
140 # </a>
141 #
142 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
143 # June
144 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
145 # crippling power crisis. "
146 #
147 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
148 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
151 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
152 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
153 #
154 # Some sources:
155 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
156 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
157 # </a>
158 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
159 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
160 # </a>
161 #
162 # Our wrap-up:
163 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
164 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
165 # </a>
167 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
168 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
169 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
170 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
171 #
172 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
174 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
175 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
176 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
177 #
178 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
179 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
180 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
181 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
182 # </a>
183 # or
184 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
185 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
186 # </a>
188 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
189 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
190 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
191 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
192 # "continue for an indefinite period."
193 #
194 # One of many places where it is published:
195 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
196 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
197 # </a>
199 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
200 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
201 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
202 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
203 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
204 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
205 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
206 6:00 - BDT 2009 Jun 19 23:00 # Bangladesh Time
207 6:00 1:00 BDST
209 # Bhutan
210 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
211 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
212 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
213 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
215 # British Indian Ocean Territory
216 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
217 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
218 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
219 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
220 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
221 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
222 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
223 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
224 6:00 - IOT
226 # Brunei
227 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
228 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
229 7:30 - BNT 1933
230 8:00 - BNT
232 # Burma / Myanmar
233 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
234 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
235 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
236 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
237 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
238 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
240 # Cambodia
241 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
242 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
243 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
244 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
245 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
246 7:00 - ICT
248 # China
250 # From Guy Harris:
251 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
253 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
254 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
255 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
256 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
257 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
258 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
259 #
260 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
261 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
262 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
263 #
264 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
265 # 1987 mid-April - ??
267 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
268 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
269 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
271 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
272 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
273 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
274 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
275 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
276 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
277 # pre-1980 time zones.
279 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
280 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
281 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
282 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
283 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
284 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
285 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
286 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
288 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
289 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
290 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
291 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
292 #
293 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
294 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
295 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
296 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
297 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
298 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
299 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
300 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
301 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
302 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
304 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
305 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
306 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
307 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
308 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
309 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
310 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
311 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
312 #
313 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
314 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
315 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
316 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
317 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
318 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
319 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
320 #
321 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
322 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
323 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
324 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
325 # Shanks & Pottenger.
327 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
328 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
329 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
330 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
331 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
332 8:00 - CST 1940
333 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
334 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
335 8:00 PRC C%sT
336 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
337 # most of China
338 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
339 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
340 8:00 PRC C%sT
341 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
342 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
343 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
344 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
345 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
346 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
347 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
348 8:00 PRC C%sT
349 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
350 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
351 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
352 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
353 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
354 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
355 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
356 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
357 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
358 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
359 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
360 8:00 PRC C%sT
361 # Kunlun Time
362 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
363 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
364 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
365 # and Yarkand.
367 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
368 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
369 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
370 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
371 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
372 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
373 #
374 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
375 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
376 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
377 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
378 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
379 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
380 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
381 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
382 #
383 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
384 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
385 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
386 #
387 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
388 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
389 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
390 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
391 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
392 #
393 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
394 #
395 # The first few lines of the Google translation of
396 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
397 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
398 # </a>
399 # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
400 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
401 # > 500 million yuan
402 # >
403 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
404 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
405 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
406 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
408 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
409 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
410 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
411 #
412 # 1. Wulumuqi...
413 # 2. Kashi...
414 # 3. Urumqi...
415 # 4. Kashgar...
416 # ...
417 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
418 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
419 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
420 #
421 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
422 # start date for Xinjiang time.
423 #
424 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
425 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
426 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
427 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
429 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
430 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
431 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
432 8:00 PRC C%sT
435 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
436 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
437 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
438 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
439 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
440 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
441 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
442 # obtained from
443 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
444 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
445 # </a>.
447 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
448 # Here are the dates given at
449 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
450 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
451 # </a>
452 # as of 2009-10-28:
453 # Year Period
454 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
455 # 1942 Whole year
456 # 1943 Whole year
457 # 1944 Whole year
458 # 1945 Whole year
459 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
460 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
461 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
462 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
463 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
464 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
465 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
466 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
467 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
468 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
469 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
470 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
471 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
472 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
473 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
474 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
475 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
476 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
477 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
478 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
479 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
480 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
481 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
482 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
483 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
484 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
485 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
486 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
487 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
488 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
489 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
490 # 1977 Nil
491 # 1978 Nil
492 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
493 # 1980 to Now Nil
494 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
495 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
496 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
497 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
498 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
499 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
501 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
502 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
503 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
504 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
505 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
506 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
507 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
508 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
509 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
510 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
511 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
512 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
513 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
514 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
515 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
516 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
517 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
518 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
519 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
520 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
521 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
522 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
523 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
524 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
525 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
526 8:00 HK HK%sT
528 ###############################################################################
530 # Taiwan
532 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
533 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
534 # have any other information.
536 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
537 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
538 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
539 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
540 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
541 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
542 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
543 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
544 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
545 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
546 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
547 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
549 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
550 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
552 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
553 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
554 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
555 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
556 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
557 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
558 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
559 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
560 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
561 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
562 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
563 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
564 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
565 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
566 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
567 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
568 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
569 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
570 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
571 8:00 PRC C%sT
574 ###############################################################################
576 # Cyprus
577 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
578 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
579 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
580 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
581 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
582 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
583 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
584 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
585 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
586 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
587 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
588 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
589 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
590 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
591 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
593 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
594 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
595 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
597 # Georgia
598 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
599 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
600 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
601 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
602 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
603 #
604 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
605 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
606 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
607 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
608 #
609 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
610 #
611 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
612 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
613 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
614 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
615 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
616 # of integration into Europe.
618 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
619 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
620 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
621 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
622 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
623 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
624 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
625 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
626 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
629 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
630 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
631 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
632 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
633 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
634 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
635 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
636 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
637 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
638 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
639 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
640 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
641 4:00 - GET
643 # East Timor
645 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
647 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
648 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
649 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
650 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
651 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
652 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
653 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
654 # conflicts with their way of life.
656 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
657 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
658 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
660 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
661 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
662 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
663 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
664 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
665 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
666 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
668 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
669 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
670 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
671 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
672 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
673 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
674 9:00 - TLT
676 # India
677 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
678 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
679 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
680 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
681 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
682 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
683 5:30 - IST
684 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
685 # Andaman Is
686 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
687 # Nicobar Is
689 # Indonesia
690 #
691 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
692 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
693 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
694 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
695 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
696 #
697 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
698 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
699 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
700 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
701 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
702 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
703 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
704 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
705 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
706 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
707 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
708 # switched on 1945-09-23.
709 #
710 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
711 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
712 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
713 # but this must be a typo.
714 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
715 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
716 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
717 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
718 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
719 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
720 7:30 - WIT 1964
721 7:00 - WIT
722 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
723 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
724 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
725 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
726 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
727 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
728 7:30 - WIT 1964
729 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
730 7:00 - WIT
731 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
732 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
733 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
734 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
735 8:00 - CIT
736 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
737 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
738 9:30 - CST 1964
739 9:00 - EIT
741 # Iran
743 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
744 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
745 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
746 #
747 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
748 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
749 #
750 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
751 #
752 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
753 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
754 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
755 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
756 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
757 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
758 #
759 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
760 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
761 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
762 # Shahrivar.
763 #
764 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
765 #
766 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
767 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
768 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
769 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
770 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
771 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
772 #
773 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
774 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
775 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
776 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
777 # plan to change that law....
778 #
779 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
780 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
781 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
782 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
783 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
784 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
785 #
786 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
787 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
788 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
789 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
790 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
791 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
792 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
793 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
794 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
795 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
796 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
797 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
798 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
799 #
800 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
801 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
802 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
803 #
804 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
805 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
806 # daylight saving time ...
807 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
808 #
809 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
810 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
811 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
812 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
813 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
814 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
815 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
816 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
817 #
818 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
819 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
820 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
821 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
822 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
823 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
824 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
825 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
826 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
827 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
828 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
829 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
830 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
831 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
832 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
833 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
834 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
835 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
836 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
837 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
838 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
839 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
840 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
841 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
842 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
843 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
844 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
845 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
846 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
847 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
848 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
849 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
850 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
851 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
852 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
853 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
854 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
855 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
856 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
857 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
858 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
859 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
860 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
861 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
862 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
863 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
864 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
865 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
866 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
867 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
868 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
869 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
870 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
871 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
872 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
873 3:30 Iran IR%sT
876 # Iraq
877 #
878 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
879 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
880 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
881 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
882 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
883 #
884 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
885 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
886 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
887 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
888 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
889 #
890 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
892 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
893 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
894 # news sources (in Arabic):
895 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
896 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
897 # </a>
898 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
899 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
900 # </a>
901 #
902 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
903 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
904 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
905 # </a>
907 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
908 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
909 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
910 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
911 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
912 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
913 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
914 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
915 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
916 #
917 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
918 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
919 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
920 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
921 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
922 3:00 - AST 1982 May
923 3:00 Iraq A%sT
926 ###############################################################################
928 # Israel
930 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
931 #
932 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
933 # different abbreviations in use:
934 #
935 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
936 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
937 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
938 #
939 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
940 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
941 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
942 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
943 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
944 # settings in Israeli computers.
945 #
946 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
947 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
948 # family is from India).
950 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
951 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
952 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
953 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
954 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
955 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
956 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
957 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
958 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
959 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
960 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
961 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
962 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
963 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
964 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
965 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
966 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
967 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
968 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
969 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
970 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
971 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
972 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
973 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
974 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
975 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
976 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
977 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
978 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
979 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
980 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
981 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
982 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
983 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
984 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
985 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
986 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
987 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
988 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
989 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
990 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
991 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
993 # From Ephraim Silverberg
994 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
995 # and 2005-02-17):
997 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
998 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
999 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1000 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1001 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1002 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1003 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1004 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1005 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1006 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1007 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1008 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1009 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1010 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1011 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1012 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1013 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1014 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1015 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1016 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1017 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1018 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1020 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1021 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1022 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1023 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1024 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1025 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1026 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1027 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1028 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1029 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1030 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1032 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1033 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1034 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1036 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1037 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1038 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1039 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1040 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1042 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1043 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1044 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1045 #
1046 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1047 #
1048 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1049 #
1050 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1051 #
1052 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1053 #
1054 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1056 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1057 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1058 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1059 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1060 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1061 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1062 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1063 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1064 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1066 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1067 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1068 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1069 #
1070 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1071 #
1072 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1073 #
1074 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1075 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1076 #
1077 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1079 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1080 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1081 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1082 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1083 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1084 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1085 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1086 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1087 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1088 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1089 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1091 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1092 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1093 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1094 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1095 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1096 #
1097 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1098 #
1099 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1101 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
1102 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1103 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1104 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1105 # to generate the transitions in this list.
1106 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1107 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
1108 #
1109 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1110 #
1111 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1112 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1113 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1115 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1116 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1117 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1118 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1119 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1120 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1121 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1122 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1123 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1124 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1125 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1126 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1127 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1128 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
1129 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1130 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1131 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1132 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1133 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1134 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1135 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1136 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1137 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1138 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1139 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1140 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1141 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1142 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1143 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1144 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1145 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1146 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
1147 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1148 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1149 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1150 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
1151 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1152 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1153 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1154 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1155 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1156 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1157 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1158 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1161 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1162 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1163 2:00 Zion I%sT
1167 ###############################################################################
1169 # Japan
1171 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1173 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1174 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1175 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1176 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1178 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1179 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1180 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1181 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1182 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1183 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1184 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1185 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1186 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1187 # wanted to keep it.)
1189 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1190 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1192 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1193 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1194 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1195 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1196 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1197 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1198 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1199 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1201 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1202 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1203 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1204 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1205 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1206 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1207 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1209 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1210 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1211 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1212 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1213 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1214 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1215 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1216 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1217 # standard....
1218 #
1219 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1220 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1222 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1223 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1224 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1226 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1227 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1228 9:00 - JST 1896
1229 9:00 - CJT 1938
1230 9:00 Japan J%sT
1231 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1233 # Jordan
1234 #
1235 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1236 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1237 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1238 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1239 # all year round.
1240 #
1241 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1242 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1243 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1244 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1245 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1246 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1247 #
1248 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1249 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1250 #
1251 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1252 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1253 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1254 #
1255 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1256 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1257 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1258 #
1260 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1261 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1262 # Jordan.
1263 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1264 # saving
1265 # time on the last Thursday in March.
1266 #
1267 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1268 #
1269 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1270 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1271 # Please see
1272 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1273 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1274 # </a>
1276 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1277 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1278 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1279 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1280 # </a>
1281 #
1282 # Google's translation:
1283 #
1284 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1285 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1286 # > of the month of March of each year.
1287 #
1288 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1290 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1291 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1293 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1294 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1295 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1296 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1297 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1298 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1299 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1300 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1301 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1302 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1303 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1304 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1305 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1306 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1307 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1308 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1309 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1310 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1311 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1312 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1313 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1314 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1315 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1316 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1317 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1318 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1319 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1320 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1321 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1322 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1323 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1324 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1327 # Kazakhstan
1329 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1330 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1331 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1332 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1333 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1334 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1336 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1337 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1338 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1339 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1340 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1341 #
1342 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1343 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1344 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1346 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1347 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1348 # </a>
1349 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1350 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1351 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1352 #
1353 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1354 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1355 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1356 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1357 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1358 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1359 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1360 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1361 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1363 #
1364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1365 #
1366 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1367 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1368 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1369 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1370 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1371 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1372 6:00 - ALMT
1373 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1374 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1375 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1376 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1377 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1378 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1379 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1380 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1381 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1382 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1383 6:00 - QYZT
1384 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1385 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1386 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1387 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1388 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1389 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1390 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1391 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1392 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1393 5:00 - AQTT
1394 # Mangghystau
1395 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1396 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1397 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1398 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1399 5:00 - FORT 1963
1400 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1401 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1402 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1403 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1404 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1405 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1406 5:00 - AQTT
1407 # West Kazakhstan
1408 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1409 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1410 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1411 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1412 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1413 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1414 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1415 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1416 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1417 5:00 - ORAT
1419 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1420 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1422 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1423 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1424 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1425 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1426 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1427 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1428 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1429 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1431 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1432 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1433 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1434 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1435 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1437 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1438 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1439 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1440 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1441 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1442 6:00 - KGT
1444 ###############################################################################
1446 # Korea (North and South)
1448 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1449 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1450 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1451 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1452 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1453 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1455 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1456 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1457 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1458 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1459 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1460 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1463 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1464 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1465 9:00 - KST 1928
1466 8:30 - KST 1932
1467 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1468 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1469 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1470 9:00 ROK K%sT
1471 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1472 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1473 9:00 - KST 1928
1474 8:30 - KST 1932
1475 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1476 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1477 9:00 - KST
1479 ###############################################################################
1481 # Kuwait
1482 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1483 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1484 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1485 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1486 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1487 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1488 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1489 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1490 # so for now we assume no DST.
1491 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1492 3:00 - AST
1494 # Laos
1495 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1496 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1497 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1498 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1499 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1500 7:00 - ICT
1502 # Lebanon
1503 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1504 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1505 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1506 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1507 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1508 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1509 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1510 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1511 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1512 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1513 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1514 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1515 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1516 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1517 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1518 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1519 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1520 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1521 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1522 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1523 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1524 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1525 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1526 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1527 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1528 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1529 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1530 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1532 # Malaysia
1533 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1534 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1535 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1536 #
1537 # peninsular Malaysia
1538 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1539 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1540 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1541 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1542 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1543 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1544 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1545 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1546 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1547 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1548 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1549 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1550 # Sabah & Sarawak
1551 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1552 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1553 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1554 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1555 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1556 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1557 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1558 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1559 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1560 8:00 - MYT
1562 # Maldives
1563 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1564 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1565 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1566 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1568 # Mongolia
1570 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1571 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1572 # both say that it has just one.
1574 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1575 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1576 # General Information Mongolia
1577 # </a> (1999-09)
1578 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1579 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1580 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1581 # eight hours."
1583 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1584 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1585 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1586 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1587 # of implementation may have been different....
1588 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1589 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1590 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1592 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1593 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1594 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1595 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1596 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1597 # is good enough for our purposes.
1599 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1600 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1601 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1602 # there are three time zones.
1603 #
1604 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1605 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1606 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1607 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1608 #
1609 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1611 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1612 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1613 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1614 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1615 #
1616 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1617 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1618 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1620 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1621 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1622 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1623 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1624 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1625 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1626 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1627 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1628 # He also found
1629 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1630 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1631 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1632 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1633 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1634 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1635 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1636 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1638 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1639 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1640 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1641 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1643 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1644 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1645 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1646 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1647 # database on this, e.g.:
1648 #
1649 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1650 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1651 # </a>
1652 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1653 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1654 # </a>
1655 #
1656 # both say GMT+08:00.
1658 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1659 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1660 # schedule here:
1661 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1662 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1663 # </a>
1664 # (click the English flag for English)
1665 #
1666 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1667 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1668 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1669 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1670 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1671 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1673 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1674 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1675 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1676 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1677 # this is almost surely wrong.
1679 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1680 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1681 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1682 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1683 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1684 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1685 #
1686 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1687 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1688 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1689 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1690 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1691 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1693 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1694 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1695 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1696 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1697 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1698 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1700 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1701 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1702 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1703 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1704 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1705 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1706 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1707 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1708 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1709 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1710 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1711 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1712 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1713 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1714 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1715 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1717 # Nepal
1718 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1719 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1720 5:30 - IST 1986
1721 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1723 # Oman
1724 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1725 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1726 4:00 - GST
1728 # Pakistan
1730 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1731 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1732 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1733 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1734 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1735 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1737 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1738 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1739 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1740 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1741 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1742 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1743 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1744 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1745 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1746 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1747 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1749 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1750 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1751 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1753 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1754 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1755 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1756 #
1757 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1758 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1759 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1760 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1761 #
1762 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1763 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1765 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1766 #
1767 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1768 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1769 #
1770 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1771 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1772 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1773 # ...."
1774 #
1775 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1776 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1777 # </a>
1778 # OR
1779 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1780 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1781 # </a>
1783 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1784 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1786 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1787 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1788 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1789 # instead of August 31.
1790 #
1791 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1792 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1793 # </a>
1794 # OR
1795 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1796 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1797 # </a>
1799 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1800 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1801 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1802 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1803 # official working."
1804 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1805 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1806 # </a>
1807 #
1808 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1809 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1810 #
1811 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1812 # April 08, 2009
1813 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1814 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1815 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1816 # </a>
1817 #
1818 # or
1819 #
1820 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1821 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1822 # </a>
1823 #
1824 # ....
1825 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1826 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1827 # conserve energy"
1829 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1830 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1831 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1832 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1833 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1834 # this regard."
1835 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1836 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1837 # </a>
1839 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1840 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1841 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1842 # 1, 2009.
1843 #
1844 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1845 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1846 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1847 # </a>
1848 # or
1849 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1850 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1851 # </a>
1853 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1854 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1855 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1856 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1857 # > 1, 2009.
1858 #
1859 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1860 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1861 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1862 # </a>
1863 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1864 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1865 # Monday."
1866 #
1867 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1868 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1869 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1870 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1871 #
1872 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1873 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1874 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1875 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1876 # </a>
1878 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1879 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1880 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1882 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1883 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1884 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1885 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1886 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1887 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1888 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1889 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1890 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1891 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1892 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1893 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1894 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1895 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1897 # Palestine
1899 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1900 #
1901 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1902 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1903 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1904 #
1905 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1906 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1907 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1908 # though.
1909 #
1910 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1911 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1912 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1913 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1914 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1915 # East Jerusalem.
1916 #
1917 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1918 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1919 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1920 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1921 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1922 #
1923 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1924 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1925 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1926 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1927 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1928 # Jordanian one).
1929 #
1930 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1931 #
1932 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1933 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1934 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1935 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1936 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1937 #
1938 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1939 # have one).
1941 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1942 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1943 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1944 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1945 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1946 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1947 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1948 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1949 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1950 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1951 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1953 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1954 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1955 #
1956 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1957 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1958 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1959 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1961 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1962 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1963 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1964 # Holiday havoc
1965 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1966 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1967 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1968 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1969 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1971 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1972 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1974 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1975 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1976 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1977 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1978 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1980 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1981 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1982 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1983 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1984 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1985 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1986 # the West Bank.
1988 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1989 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1990 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1991 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1992 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1993 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1994 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1995 # because of the Ramadan.
1997 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1998 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1999 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2001 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2002 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2003 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2004 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2005 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2006 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2008 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2009 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2010 #
2011 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2012 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2013 #
2014 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2015 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2016 # </a>
2017 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2018 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2019 # </a>
2020 # or
2021 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2022 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2023 # </a>
2025 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2026 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2027 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2028 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2029 #
2030 # (in Arabic)
2031 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2032 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2033 # </a>
2034 #
2035 # or
2036 # (English translation)
2037 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2038 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2039 # </a>
2041 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2042 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2043 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2044 #
2045 # One news source:
2046 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2047 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2048 # </a>
2049 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2050 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2051 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2052 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2053 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2054 #
2055 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2056 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2057 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2058 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2059 # </a>
2061 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2062 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2063 #
2064 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2065 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2066 #
2067 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2068 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2069 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2070 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2071 # </a>
2072 # or
2073 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2074 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2075 # </a>
2077 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2078 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2079 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2080 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2081 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2082 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2083 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2084 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2086 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2087 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2088 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2089 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2090 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2091 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2092 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2093 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 -
2094 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2095 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2097 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2098 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2099 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2100 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2101 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2102 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2103 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2105 # Paracel Is
2106 # no information
2108 # Philippines
2109 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2110 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2111 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2112 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2113 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2115 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2116 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2117 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2118 # rainy season begins. See
2119 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2120 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2121 #
2122 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2123 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2124 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2125 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2126 # but no details]
2128 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2129 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2130 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2131 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2132 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2133 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2134 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2136 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2137 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2138 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2139 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2140 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2142 # Qatar
2143 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2144 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2145 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2146 3:00 - AST
2148 # Saudi Arabia
2149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2150 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2151 3:00 - AST
2153 # Singapore
2154 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2155 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2157 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2158 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2159 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2160 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2161 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2162 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2163 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2164 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2165 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2166 8:00 - SGT
2168 # Spratly Is
2169 # no information
2171 # Sri Lanka
2172 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2173 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2174 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2175 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2176 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2177 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2178 #
2179 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2180 # by Shamindra in
2181 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2182 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2183 # </a>:
2184 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2185 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2187 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2188 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2189 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2190 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2192 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2193 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2194 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2195 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2196 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2197 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2198 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2199 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2201 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2202 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2203 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2204 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2205 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2206 #
2207 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2208 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2209 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2210 #
2211 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2212 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2213 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2214 # item....
2215 #
2216 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2217 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2218 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2219 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2220 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2221 #
2222 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2223 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2224 # all computers.
2226 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2227 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2228 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2231 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2232 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2233 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2234 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2235 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2236 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2237 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2238 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2239 5:30 - IST
2241 # Syria
2242 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2243 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2244 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2245 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2246 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2247 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2248 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2249 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2250 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2251 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2252 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2253 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2254 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2255 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2256 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2257 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2258 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2259 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2260 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2261 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2262 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2263 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2264 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2265 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2266 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2267 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2268 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2269 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2270 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2271 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2272 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2273 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2274 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2275 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2276 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2277 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2278 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2279 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2280 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2281 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2282 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2283 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2284 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2285 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2286 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2287 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2288 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2289 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2290 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2291 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2292 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2293 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2294 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2295 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2296 #
2297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2298 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2299 #
2300 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2301 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2302 #
2303 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2304 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2305 #
2306 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2307 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2308 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2309 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2310 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2312 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2313 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2314 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2315 # are now using:
2316 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2317 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2318 # Variation
2319 # Syrian Arab
2320 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2321 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2322 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2324 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2325 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2326 # Agency (SANA)...
2327 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2328 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2329 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2330 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2331 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2332 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2333 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2335 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2336 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2337 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2338 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2339 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2341 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2342 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2343 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2344 #
2345 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2346 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2347 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2348 #
2349 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2350 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2351 # </a>
2353 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2354 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2355 # two examples:
2356 #
2357 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2358 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2359 # </a>
2360 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2361 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2362 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2363 # </a>
2364 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2365 #
2366 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2367 #
2368 # Our summary
2369 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2370 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2371 # </a>
2373 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2374 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2375 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2376 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2377 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2378 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2379 # </a>
2381 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2382 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2383 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2384 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2386 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2387 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2388 Rule Syria 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2389 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2391 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2392 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2393 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2395 # Tajikistan
2396 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2398 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2399 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2400 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2401 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2402 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2404 # Thailand
2405 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2406 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2407 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2408 7:00 - ICT
2410 # Turkmenistan
2411 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2413 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2414 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2415 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2416 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2417 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2418 5:00 - TMT
2420 # United Arab Emirates
2421 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2422 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2423 4:00 - GST
2425 # Uzbekistan
2426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2427 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2428 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2429 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2430 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2431 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2432 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2433 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2434 5:00 - UZT
2435 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2436 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2437 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2438 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2439 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2440 5:00 - UZT
2442 # Vietnam
2444 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2445 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2446 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2448 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2449 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2450 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2451 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2452 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2453 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2454 7:00 - ICT
2456 # Yemen
2457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2458 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
2459 3:00 - AST