2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14 * must display the following acknowledgement:
15 * This product includes software developed by the University of
16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
34 * @(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
35 * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs/newfs.c,v 1.30.2.9 2003/05/13 12:03:55 joerg Exp $
39 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
41 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/diskslice.h>
45 #include <sys/mount.h>
46 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
48 #include <vfs/ufs/dir.h>
49 #include <vfs/ufs/dinode.h>
50 #include <vfs/ufs/fs.h>
51 #include <vfs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
67 #include <sys/types.h>
75 struct mntopt mopts
[] = {
81 void fatal(const char *fmt
, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
83 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */
86 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
87 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
88 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
89 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
90 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
92 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048
93 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384
96 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual
97 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
98 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use as many as possible
99 * cylinders per group.
101 #define DESCPG 65536 /* desired fs_cpg ("infinity") */
104 * Once upon a time...
105 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
106 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
107 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
108 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms.
110 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because
111 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance
117 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
118 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
119 * block worth of data blocks.
121 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t))
124 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
125 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
126 * to be far more than we will ever need.
131 * Once upon a time...
132 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different
133 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked
134 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of
135 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution
136 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive.
138 * ...but now we make this 1 (which essentially disables the rotational
139 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do
140 * better without the rotational position table.
142 #define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */
145 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks.
146 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too...
147 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it.
148 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group.
149 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two.
151 #define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */
152 #define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */
154 int mfs
; /* run as the memory based filesystem */
155 char *mfs_mtpt
; /* mount point for mfs */
156 struct stat mfs_mtstat
; /* stat prior to mount */
157 int Lflag
; /* add a volume label */
158 int Nflag
; /* run without writing file system */
159 int Oflag
; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
160 int Cflag
; /* copy underlying filesystem (mfs only) */
161 int Uflag
; /* enable soft updates for file system */
162 int Eflag
; /* erase contents using TRIM */
163 uint64_t slice_offset
; /* Pysical device slice offset */
164 u_long fssize
; /* file system size */
165 int ntracks
= NTRACKS
; /* # tracks/cylinder */
166 int nsectors
= NSECTORS
; /* # sectors/track */
167 int nphyssectors
; /* # sectors/track including spares */
168 int secpercyl
; /* sectors per cylinder */
169 int trackspares
= -1; /* spare sectors per track */
170 int cylspares
= -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */
171 int sectorsize
; /* bytes/sector */
172 int realsectorsize
; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
173 int rpm
; /* revolutions/minute of drive */
174 int interleave
; /* hardware sector interleave */
175 int trackskew
= -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
176 int headswitch
; /* head switch time, usec */
177 int trackseek
; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
178 int fsize
= 0; /* fragment size */
179 int bsize
= 0; /* block size */
180 int cpg
= DESCPG
; /* cylinders/cylinder group */
181 int cpgflg
; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
182 int minfree
= MINFREE
; /* free space threshold */
183 int opt
= DEFAULTOPT
; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
184 int density
; /* number of bytes per inode */
185 int maxcontig
= 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
186 int rotdelay
= ROTDELAY
; /* rotational delay between blocks */
187 int maxbpg
; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
188 int nrpos
= NRPOS
; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */
189 int avgfilesize
= AVFILESIZ
;/* expected average file size */
190 int avgfilesperdir
= AFPDIR
;/* expected number of files per directory */
191 int bbsize
= BBSIZE
; /* boot block size */
192 int sbsize
= SBSIZE
; /* superblock size */
193 int mntflags
= MNT_ASYNC
; /* flags to be passed to mount */
194 int t_or_u_flag
= 0; /* user has specified -t or -u */
195 caddr_t membase
; /* start address of memory based filesystem */
197 u_char
*volumelabel
= NULL
; /* volume label for filesystem */
203 char mfsdevname
[256];
206 static void usage(void);
207 static void mfsintr(int signo
);
210 main(int argc
, char **argv
)
213 struct disktab geom
; /* disk geometry data */
216 int fsi
= -1, fso
= -1, len
, n
, vflag
;
217 char *s1
, *s2
, *special
;
218 const char *opstring
;
224 bzero(&geom
, sizeof(geom
));
226 if ((progname
= strrchr(*argv
, '/')))
231 if (strstr(progname
, "mfs")) {
237 "L:NCF:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:m:o:s:v" :
238 "L:NEOS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:vx:";
239 while ((ch
= getopt(argc
, argv
, opstring
)) != -1) {
245 volumelabel
= optarg
;
247 while (isalnum(volumelabel
[++i
]))
249 if (volumelabel
[i
] != '\0')
250 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
251 if (strlen(volumelabel
) >= MAXVOLLEN
)
252 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
263 Cflag
= 1; /* MFS only */
266 if ((sectorsize
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
267 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg
);
281 if ((maxcontig
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
282 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
286 if ((bsize
= atoi(optarg
)) < MINBSIZE
)
287 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg
);
290 if ((cpg
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
291 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg
);
295 if ((rotdelay
= atoi(optarg
)) < 0)
296 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay", optarg
);
299 if ((maxbpg
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
300 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
304 if ((fsize
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
305 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg
);
308 if ((avgfilesize
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
309 fatal("%s: bad average file size", optarg
);
312 if ((avgfilesperdir
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
313 fatal("%s: bad average files per dir", optarg
);
316 if ((density
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
317 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg
);
320 if ((trackskew
= atoi(optarg
)) < 0)
321 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg
);
324 if ((interleave
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
325 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg
);
328 if ((minfree
= atoi(optarg
)) < 0 || minfree
> 99)
329 fatal("%s: bad free space %%", optarg
);
332 if ((nrpos
= atoi(optarg
)) < 0)
333 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count",
340 getmntopts(optarg
, mopts
, &mntflags
, 0);
342 if (strcmp(optarg
, "space") == 0)
344 else if (strcmp(optarg
, "time") == 0)
347 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", optarg
);
351 if ((trackspares
= atoi(optarg
)) < 0)
352 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track",
356 if ((rpm
= atoi(optarg
)) <= 0)
357 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute", optarg
);
361 * Unsigned long but limit to long. On 32 bit a
362 * tad under 2G, on 64 bit the upper bound is more
363 * swap space then operand size.
365 * NOTE: fssize is converted from 512 byte sectors
366 * to filesystem block-sized sectors by mkfs XXX.
368 fssize
= strtoul(optarg
, NULL
, 10);
369 if (fssize
== 0 || fssize
> LONG_MAX
)
370 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg
);
374 if ((ntracks
= atoi(optarg
)) < 0)
375 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg
);
379 if ((nsectors
= atoi(optarg
)) < 0)
380 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg
);
386 if ((cylspares
= atoi(optarg
)) < 0)
387 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder",
398 if (argc
!= 2 && (mfs
|| argc
!= 1))
402 /* Copy the NetBSD way of faking up a disk label */
403 if (mfs
&& !strcmp(special
, "swap")) {
405 * it's an MFS, mounted on "swap." fake up a label.
408 fso
= -1; /* XXX; normally done below. */
410 geom
.d_media_blksize
= 512;
412 geom
.d_secpertrack
= 64;
413 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
414 geom
.d_secpercyl
= 1024;
415 geom
.d_media_blocks
= 16384;
417 geom
.d_interleave
= 1;
423 * If we can't stat the device and the path is relative, try
426 if (stat(special
, &st
) < 0 && special
[0] && special
[0] != '/')
427 asprintf(&special
, "/dev/%s", special
);
430 char sysctl_name
[64];
431 int trim_enabled
= 0;
432 size_t olen
= sizeof(trim_enabled
);
433 char *dev_name
= strdup(special
);
435 dev_name
= strtok(dev_name
+ strlen("/dev/da"),"s");
436 sprintf(sysctl_name
, "kern.cam.da.%s.trim_enabled",
439 sysctlbyname(sysctl_name
, &trim_enabled
, &olen
, NULL
, 0);
441 if(errno
== ENOENT
) {
442 printf("Device:%s does not support the TRIM command\n",
447 printf("Erase device option selected, but sysctl (%s) "
448 "is not enabled\n",sysctl_name
);
456 fso
= open(special
, O_WRONLY
);
458 fatal("%s: %s", special
, strerror(errno
));
460 /* Bail if target special is mounted */
461 n
= getmntinfo(&mp
, MNT_NOWAIT
);
463 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special
, strerror(errno
));
465 len
= sizeof(_PATH_DEV
) - 1;
467 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV
, s1
, len
) == 0)
471 s2
= mp
->f_mntfromname
;
472 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV
, s2
, len
) == 0) {
476 if (strcmp(s1
, s2
) == 0 || strcmp(s1
, &s2
[1]) == 0)
477 fatal("%s is mounted on %s",
478 special
, mp
->f_mntonname
);
482 if (mfs
&& disktype
!= NULL
) {
485 if ((dt
= getdisktabbyname(disktype
)) == NULL
)
486 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype
);
489 struct partinfo pinfo
;
492 fatal("null special file name");
493 fsi
= open(special
, O_RDONLY
);
495 fatal("%s: %s", special
, strerror(errno
));
496 if (fstat(fsi
, &st
) < 0)
497 fatal("%s: %s", special
, strerror(errno
));
498 if ((st
.st_mode
& S_IFMT
) != S_IFCHR
&& !mfs
&& !vflag
)
499 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n",
502 if (!mfs
&& disktype
== NULL
)
505 if (ioctl(fsi
, DIOCGPART
, &pinfo
) < 0) {
507 fatal("%s: unable to retrieve geometry "
508 "information", argv
[0]);
511 * fake up geometry data
513 geom
.d_media_blksize
= 512;
515 geom
.d_secpertrack
= 64;
516 geom
.d_secpercyl
= 1024;
517 geom
.d_media_blocks
= st
.st_size
/
518 geom
.d_media_blksize
;
519 geom
.d_media_size
= geom
.d_media_blocks
*
520 geom
.d_media_blksize
;
521 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
524 * extract geometry from pinfo
526 geom
.d_media_blksize
= pinfo
.media_blksize
;
527 geom
.d_nheads
= pinfo
.d_nheads
;
528 geom
.d_secpertrack
= pinfo
.d_secpertrack
;
529 geom
.d_secpercyl
= pinfo
.d_secpercyl
;
530 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
531 geom
.d_media_blocks
= pinfo
.media_blocks
;
532 geom
.d_media_size
= pinfo
.media_size
;
533 slice_offset
= pinfo
.media_offset
;
535 if (geom
.d_media_blocks
== 0 || geom
.d_media_size
== 0) {
536 fatal("%s: is unavailable", argv
[0]);
538 printf("%s: media size %6.2fMB\n",
539 argv
[0], geom
.d_media_size
/ 1024.0 / 1024.0);
540 if (geom
.d_media_size
/ 512 >= 0x80000000ULL
)
541 fatal("%s: media size is too large for newfs to handle",
546 fssize
= geom
.d_media_blocks
;
547 if ((u_long
)fssize
> geom
.d_media_blocks
&& !mfs
) {
548 fatal("%s: maximum file system size is %" PRIu64
" blocks",
549 argv
[0], geom
.d_media_blocks
);
557 ntracks
= geom
.d_nheads
;
559 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv
[0]);
562 nsectors
= geom
.d_secpertrack
;
564 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv
[0]);
566 if (sectorsize
== 0) {
567 sectorsize
= geom
.d_media_blksize
;
569 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv
[0]);
571 if (trackskew
== -1) {
572 trackskew
= geom
.d_trackskew
;
576 if (interleave
== 0) {
577 interleave
= geom
.d_interleave
;
582 fsize
= MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE
, geom
.d_media_blksize
);
584 bsize
= MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE
, 8 * fsize
);
586 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
587 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
588 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
589 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
592 maxcontig
= MAX(1, MAXPHYS
/ bsize
- 1);
594 density
= NFPI
* fsize
;
595 if (minfree
< MINFREE
&& opt
!= FS_OPTSPACE
) {
596 fprintf(stderr
, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
597 fprintf(stderr
, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE
);
600 if (trackspares
== -1)
602 nphyssectors
= nsectors
+ trackspares
;
605 secpercyl
= nsectors
* ntracks
- cylspares
;
607 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default
608 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intended to disagree
609 * with the disklabel.
611 if (t_or_u_flag
&& (uint32_t)secpercyl
!= geom
.d_secpercyl
)
612 fprintf(stderr
, "%s (%d) %s (%u)\n",
613 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl
,
614 "disagrees with disk label", geom
.d_secpercyl
);
616 maxbpg
= MAXBLKPG(bsize
);
617 headswitch
= geom
.d_headswitch
;
618 trackseek
= geom
.d_trkseek
;
619 realsectorsize
= sectorsize
;
620 if (sectorsize
!= DEV_BSIZE
) { /* XXX */
621 int secperblk
= sectorsize
/ DEV_BSIZE
;
623 sectorsize
= DEV_BSIZE
;
624 nsectors
*= secperblk
;
625 nphyssectors
*= secperblk
;
626 secpercyl
*= secperblk
;
632 stat(mfs_mtpt
, &mfs_mtstat
) < 0 ||
633 !S_ISDIR(mfs_mtstat
.st_mode
)
635 fatal("mount point not dir: %s", mfs_mtpt
);
638 mkfs(special
, fsi
, fso
, (Cflag
&& mfs
) ? argv
[1] : NULL
);
641 * NOTE: Newfs no longer accesses or attempts to update the
642 * filesystem disklabel.
644 * NOTE: fssize is converted from 512 byte sectors
645 * to filesystem block-sized sectors by mkfs XXX.
652 struct mfs_args args
;
654 bzero(&args
, sizeof(args
));
656 snprintf(mfsdevname
, sizeof(mfsdevname
), "/dev/mfs%d",
658 args
.fspec
= mfsdevname
;
659 args
.export
.ex_root
= -2;
660 if (mntflags
& MNT_RDONLY
)
661 args
.export
.ex_flags
= MNT_EXRDONLY
;
663 args
.export
.ex_flags
= 0;
665 args
.size
= fssize
* fsize
;
667 error
= getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc
);
668 if (error
&& vfsisloadable("mfs")) {
670 fatal("vfsload(mfs)");
671 endvfsent(); /* flush cache */
672 error
= getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc
);
675 fatal("mfs filesystem not available");
679 udev
= (253 << 8) | (getpid() & 255) |
680 ((getpid() & ~0xFF) << 8);
681 if (mknod(mfsdevname
, S_IFCHR
| 0700, udev
) < 0)
682 printf("Warning: unable to create %s\n", mfsdevname
);
684 signal(SIGINT
, mfsintr
);
685 if (mount(vfc
.vfc_name
, argv
[1], mntflags
, &args
) < 0)
686 fatal("%s: %s", argv
[1], strerror(errno
));
687 signal(SIGINT
, SIG_DFL
);
697 mfsintr(__unused
int signo
)
700 munmap(membase
, fssize
* fsize
);
710 fatal(const char *fmt
, ...)
715 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO
, F_GETFL
) < 0) {
716 openlog(progname
, LOG_CONS
, LOG_DAEMON
);
717 vsyslog(LOG_ERR
, fmt
, ap
);
732 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n",
736 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
743 fprintf(stderr
, "where fsoptions are:\n");
744 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-C (mfs) Copy the underlying filesystem to the MFS mount\n");
745 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-E erase file system contents using TRIM\n");
746 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-L volume name\n");
748 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
749 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n");
750 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-S sector size\n");
752 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-T disktype\n");
754 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
755 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
756 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-b block size\n");
757 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
758 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n");
759 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
760 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-f frag size\n");
761 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-g average file size\n");
762 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
763 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
764 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
765 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
766 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
767 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n");
768 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
769 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
770 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
771 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
772 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
773 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
775 "\t-v do not attempt to determine partition name from device name\n");
776 fprintf(stderr
, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n");