src/packages.lisp

   1 ;;; -*- mode: lisp -*-
   2
   3 ;;; Time-stamp: <2009-03-26 08:18:29 tony>
   4 ;;; Creation:   <2008-03-11 19:18:34 user>
   5 ;;; File:       packages.lisp
   6 ;;; Author:     AJ Rossini <blindglobe@gmail.com>
   7 ;;; Copyright:  (c)2007--2008, AJ Rossini.  BSD, LLGPL, or GPLv2, depending
   8 ;;;             on how it arrives.
   9 ;;; Purpose:    package structure description for lispstat
  10
  11 ;;; What is this talk of 'release'? Klingons do not make software
  12 ;;; 'releases'.  Our software 'escapes', leaving a bloody trail of
  13 ;;; designers and quality assurance people in its wake.
  14
  15 ;;; This organization and structure is new to the 21st Century
  16 ;;; version.
  17
  18 (in-package :cl-user)
  19
  20 ;;; LispStat Basics
  21
  22 (defpackage :lisp-stat-object-system
  23   (:nicknames :ls-objects :lsos)
  24   (:use :common-lisp)
  25   (:shadow :call-method :call-next-method :slot-value)
  26   (:export ls-object objectp *object* kind-of-p make-object
  27            *message-hook*
  28            *set-slot-hook* slot-value self
  29            send call-next-method call-method
  30            defmeth defproto instance-slots proto-name))
  31
  32 (defpackage :lisp-stat-types
  33   (:documentation "Provides some typeing for LispStat, but is clearly
  34   a bit incomplete.")
  35   (:use :common-lisp)
  36   (:export fixnump
  37            check-nonneg-fixnum check-one-nonneg-fixnum
  38            check-one-fixnum check-one-real check-one-number))
  39
  40 (defpackage :lisp-stat-float
  41   (:use :common-lisp)
  42   (:export +stat-float-typing+ +stat-cfloat-typing+ +stat-float-template+
  43            machine-epsilon base-float makedouble
  44
  45            make-base-trans-fun-2 make-base-trans-fun
  46
  47            base-log base-exp base-expt base-sqrt base-sin base-cos
  48            base-tan base-asin base-acos base-atan base-sinh
  49            BASE-COSH BASE-TANH BASE-ASINH BASE-ACOSH BASE-ATANH
  50            BASE-ABS BASE-PHASE BASE-FFLOOR BASE-FCEILING BASE-FTRUNCATE
  51            BASE-FROUND BASE-SIGNUM BASE-CIS))
  52
  53 (defpackage :lisp-stat-compound-data
  54   (:use :common-lisp
  55         :lisp-stat-object-system
  56         :lisp-stat-types)
  57   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-object-system
  58                           slot-value
  59                           call-next-method call-method)
  60   (:export compound-data-p *compound-data-proto*
  61            compound-object-p
  62            compound-data-seq compound-data-length
  63            element-list element-seq
  64            sort-data order rank
  65            recursive-map-elements map-elements repeat
  66            check-sequence
  67            get-next-element make-next-element set-next-element
  68            ;; sequencep
  69            iseq ordered-nneg-seq
  70            select split-list which
  71            difference rseq
  72            flatten-list))
  73
  74 (defpackage :lisp-stat-macros
  75   (:use :common-lisp
  76         :lisp-stat-compound-data)
  77   (:export make-rv-function make-rv-function-1))
  78
  79 (defpackage :lisp-stat-basics
  80     (:use :common-lisp
  81           :lisp-stat-object-system
  82           :lisp-stat-types
  83           :lisp-stat-float
  84           :lisp-stat-macros
  85           :lisp-stat-compound-data)
  86   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-object-system
  87                           slot-value call-method call-next-method)
  88   (:export permute-array sum prod count-elements mean
  89            if-else sample))
  90
  91 (defpackage :lisp-stat-float
  92   (:use :common-lisp)
  93   (:export +stat-float-typing+ +stat-cfloat-typing+ +stat-float-template+
  94            machine-epsilon base-float makedouble
  95
  96            make-base-trans-fun-2 make-base-trans-fun
  97
  98            BASE-LOG BASE-EXP BASE-EXPT BASE-SQRT BASE-SIN BASE-COS
  99            BASE-TAN BASE-ASIN BASE-ACOS BASE-ATAN BASE-SINH
 100            BASE-COSH BASE-TANH BASE-ASINH BASE-ACOSH BASE-ATANH
 101            BASE-ABS BASE-PHASE BASE-FFLOOR BASE-FCEILING BASE-FTRUNCATE
 102            BASE-FROUND BASE-SIGNUM BASE-CIS))
 103
 104 (defpackage :lisp-stat-macros
 105   (:use :common-lisp
 106         :lisp-stat-compound-data)
 107   (:export make-rv-function make-rv-function-1))
 108
 109 ;;; NEW CLOS STRUCTURE
 110
 111
 112
 113 (defpackage :lisp-stat-data-clos
 114   (:use :common-lisp
 115         :lisp-matrix)
 116   (:export
 117    ;; generic container class for data -- if small enough
 118    ;; could be value, otherwise might be reference.
 119    dataframe-like
 120    dataframe-array
 121    make-dataframe
 122
 123    ;; accessors
 124    varlabels caselabels nrows ncols
 125    dataframe-dimension dataframe-dimensons
 126    dfref dfref-case dfref-var
 127    consistent-dataframe-p
 128
 129    dataset
 130    list-of-columns ;; list-of-variables
 131    list-of-rows ;; list-of-observations
 132
 133    ))
 134
 135 (defpackage :cls-data-listoflist
 136   (:use :common-lisp
 137         :lisp-stat-data-clos) ; for dataframe
 138   (:export lists-of-same-size
 139            equal-listoflist
 140            transpose-listoflist
 141            make-dataframe-from-listoflist
 142            make-array-from-listoflist))
 143
 144 #|
 145  (defpackage :lisp-stat-regression-linear-clos
 146   (:use :common-lisp
 147         :lisp-matrix
 148         :lisp-stat-data-clos)
 149   (:export regression-model))
 150 |#
 151
 152 (defpackage :lisp-stat-visualize
 153   (:use :common-lisp
 154         :lisp-matrix
 155         :lisp-stat-data-clos))
 156
 157 (defpackage :lisp-stat-visualize-plplot
 158   (:use :common-lisp
 159         :lisp-matrix
 160         :lisp-stat-data-clos
 161         :cl-plplot-system)
 162   (:export
 163    plot-ex
 164    contour-plot-ex
 165    fn-contour-plot-ex
 166    shade-plot-ex
 167    3D-plot-ex ))
 168
 169
 170 ;;; USER PACKAGES
 171
 172 (defpackage :lisp-stat-ffi-int
 173   (:use :common-lisp
 174         :cffi)
 175   (:export ccl-store-integer ccl-store-double ccl-store-ptr
 176            get-buf ))
 177
 178 (defpackage :lisp-stat-probability
 179   (:use :common-lisp
 180         :cffi
 181         :lisp-stat-ffi-int
 182         :lisp-stat-macros)
 183   (:export log-gamma set-seed
 184            uniform-rand
 185            normal-cdf normal-quant normal-dens normal-rand
 186            bivnorm-cdf
 187            cauchy-cdf cauchy-quant cauchy-dens cauchy-rand
 188            gamma-cdf gamma-quant gamma-dens gamma-rand
 189            chisq-cdf chisq-quant chisq-dens chisq-rand
 190            beta-cdf beta-quant beta-dens beta-rand
 191            t-cdf t-quant t-dens t-rand
 192            f-cdf f-quant f-dens f-rand
 193            poisson-cdf poisson-quant poisson-pmf poisson-rand
 194            binomial-cdf binomial-quant binomial-pmf binomial-rand))
 195
 196
 197 #| removed, replace by lisp-matrix
 198 (defpackage :lisp-stat-matrix
 199   (:use :common-lisp
 200         :cffi
 201         :lisp-stat-compound-data)
 202   (:export matrixp ;;  matrix -- conflicts!
 203            num-rows num-cols matmult identity-matrix diagonal
 204            row-list column-list inner-product outer-product
 205            cross-product
 206            ;; transpose bind-columns bind-rows
 207            array-data-vector vector-to-array
 208
 209            check-matrix check-square-matrix
 210
 211            copy-array copy-vector
 212            ))
 213 |#
 214
 215 #| replaced by lisp-matrix
 216 (defpackage :lisp-stat-linalg-data
 217   (:use :common-lisp
 218         :cffi
 219         :lisp-stat-ffi-int
 220         :lisp-stat-types
 221         :lisp-stat-compound-data
 222         :lisp-stat-matrix)
 223   (:export ;; more to add
 224       +mode-in+ +mode-re+ +mode-cx+ mode-of
 225
 226       la-data-mode la-allocate la-free
 227
 228       la-get-double la-put-double
 229       la-put-integer
 230
 231       la-matrix la-free-matrix la-matrix-to-data la-data-to-matrix
 232       la-vector la-free-vector la-vector-to-data la-data-to-vector ))
 233 |#
 234
 235 (defpackage :lisp-stat-math
 236    (:use :common-lisp
 237          :lisp-stat-object-system
 238          :lisp-stat-macros
 239          :lisp-stat-compound-data
 240          :lisp-stat-float)
 241    (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-object-system
 242                            slot-value call-method call-next-method)
 243    (:shadow expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan
 244            asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 245            truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 246            < <= = /= >= > ;; complex
 247            conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 248            min max logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling
 249            ftruncate fround signum cis)
 250    (:export ^ ** expt + - * / mod rem pmin pmax abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos
 251            tan asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 252            truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp < <= =
 253            /= >= > ;; complex
 254            conjugate realpart imagpart phase min max
 255            logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling ftruncate fround
 256            signum cis)
 257    (:documentation "Vectorization of numerical functions"))
 258
 259
 260 #| ;; some of this goes back in, but not all of it?
 261 (defpackage :lisp-stat-linalg
 262   (:use :common-lisp
 263         :cffi
 264         :lisp-matrix
 265         :lisp-stat-math
 266         :lisp-stat-types
 267         :lisp-stat-float
 268         :lisp-stat-compound-data)
 269   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-math
 270           expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan
 271           asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 272           truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 273           < <= = /= >= > complex conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 274           min max logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling
 275           ftruncate fround signum cis)
 276   (:export chol-decomp lu-decomp lu-solve determinant inverse
 277            sv-decomp qr-decomp rcondest make-rotation spline
 278            kernel-dens kernel-smooth
 279            fft make-sweep-matrix sweep-operator ax+y eigen
 280
 281            check-real ;; for optimize
 282
 283            covariance-matrix matrix print-matrix solve
 284            backsolve eigenvalues eigenvectors accumulate cumsum combine
 285            lowess))
 286
 287 |#
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292 (defpackage :lisp-stat-data
 293   (:documentation "Data management, integration, I/O, and other data technologies.")
 294   (:nicknames :ls-data)
 295   (:use :common-lisp
 296         :lisp-stat-object-system
 297         :lisp-stat-config
 298         :lisp-stat-types
 299         :lisp-stat-compound-data)
 300   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-object-system
 301                           slot-value call-method call-next-method)
 302   (:export open-file-dialog read-data-file read-data-columns load-data
 303            load-example *variables* *ask-on-redefine*
 304            def variables savevar undef))
 305
 306 (defpackage :lisp-stat-descriptive-statistics
 307  (:use :common-lisp
 308        :lisp-stat-data
 309        :lisp-stat-math
 310        :lisp-stat-compound-data
 311        :lisp-matrix
 312        :lisp-stat-basics)
 313    (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-math ;; life is a vector!
 314       expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan
 315       asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 316       truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 317       < <= = /= >= > ;; complex
 318       conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 319       min max logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling
 320       ftruncate fround signum cis)
 321    (:export standard-deviation
 322             quantile median interquartile-range
 323             fivnum sample))
 324
 325
 326 (defpackage :lisp-stat-regression-linear
 327   (:use :common-lisp
 328         :lisp-matrix
 329         :lisp-stat-object-system
 330         :lisp-stat-basics
 331         :lisp-stat-compound-data
 332         :lisp-stat-descriptive-statistics
 333 #|
 334         :lisp-stat-math
 335 |#
 336         )
 337   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-object-system
 338                           slot-value call-method call-next-method)
 339 #|
 340   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-math
 341       expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan
 342       asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 343       truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 344       < <= = /= >= > ;; complex
 345       conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 346       min max logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling
 347       ftruncate fround signum cis)
 348 |#
 349   (:export regression-model regression-model-proto x y intercept
 350            ;; sweep-matrix
 351            basis weights included
 352            total-sum-of-squares residual-sum-of-squares
 353            predictor-names response-name case-labels
 354            ;; functions for helpers
 355            lm xtxinv   ))
 356
 357 (defpackage :lisp-stat
 358     (:documentation "Experimentation package for LispStat.  Serious
 359     work should be packaged up elsewhere for reproducibility.  By this
 360     I mean, creating a data/analytics/analysis package with the
 361     minimal set of objects required.")
 362   (:use :common-lisp
 363         :lisp-stat-object-system
 364         :lisp-stat-compound-data
 365         :lisp-stat-probability
 366         :lisp-stat-types
 367         :lisp-stat-float
 368         :lisp-stat-basics
 369         :lisp-stat-data
 370         :lisp-stat-data-clos
 371         :lisp-stat-math
 372         :lisp-matrix ;; conversion to a more robust linalg approach
 373         :lisp-stat-descriptive-statistics
 374         :lisp-stat-regression-linear
 375         :cybertiggyr-dsv)
 376   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-object-system
 377         slot-value call-method call-next-method)
 378   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-math
 379         expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan
 380         asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 381         truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 382         < <= = /= >= >
 383         ;;complex
 384         conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 385
 386         min max
 387         logand logior logxor lognot
 388         ffloor fceiling ftruncate fround
 389         signum cis)
 390   (:export
 391    ;; lsobjects :
 392    defproto defproto2
 393    defmeth send
 394
 395    ;; lstypes :
 396    fixnump check-nonneg-fixnum check-one-fixnum
 397    check-one-real check-one-number
 398
 399    ;; lsmacros:
 400
 401    ;; lsfloat :
 402    machine-epsilon
 403
 404    ;; compound :
 405    compound-data-p *compound-data-proto* compound-object-p
 406    compound-data-seq compound-data-length
 407    element-list element-seq
 408    sort-data order rank
 409    recursive-map-elements map-elements
 410    repeat
 411    check-sequence
 412    get-next-element make-next-element set-next-element
 413    ;; sequencep
 414    iseq
 415    ordered-nneg-seq
 416    select which
 417    difference rseq
 418
 419    ;; lsmath.lsp
 420    ^ ** expt + - * / mod rem pmin pmax abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos
 421    tan asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 422    truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp < <= =
 423    /= >= > ;; complex
 424    conjugate realpart imagpart phase min max
 425    logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling ftruncate fround
 426    signum cis
 427
 428 #| ;; The following need to be re-found in lisp-matrix...
 429
 430    ;; matrices.lisp
 431    matrixp num-rows num-cols matmult identity-matrix diagonal row-list
 432    column-list inner-product outer-product cross-product transpose
 433    bind-columns bind-rows
 434
 435    ;; linalg.lisp
 436    chol-decomp lu-decomp lu-solve determinant inverse
 437    sv-decomp qr-decomp rcondest make-rotation spline
 438    kernel-dens kernel-smooth
 439    fft make-sweep-matrix sweep-operator ax+y eigen
 440    check-real
 441    covariance-matrix matrix print-matrix solve
 442    backsolve eigenvalues eigenvectors accumulate cumsum combine
 443    lowess
 444
 445    ;; in linalg.lisp, possibly not supported by matlisp
 446    spline kernel-dens kernel-smooth
 447
 448 |#
 449
 450    ;; optimize.lsp
 451    newtonmax nelmeadmax
 452
 453    ;; lispstat-macros
 454    make-rv-function make-rv-function-1
 455
 456    ;; data
 457    open-file-dialog read-data-file read-data-columns load-data
 458    load-example *variables* *ask-on-redefine*
 459    def variables savevar undef
 460
 461    ;; data-clos
 462    dataframe-like dataframe-array make-dataframe
 463    varlabels caselabels nrows ncols
 464    dataframe-dimension dataframe-dimensons
 465    dfref dfref-case dfref-var
 466    consistent-dataframe-p
 467    dataset
 468    list-of-columns list-of-rows
 469
 470    ;; listoflist
 471    lists-of-same-size equal-listoflist
 472    transpose-listoflist
 473    make-dataframe-from-listoflist  make-array-from-listoflist
 474
 475    ;; statistics.lsp  (descriptions, should probably be moved
 476    ;; later...?
 477    standard-deviation quantile median interquartile-range
 478    fivnum sample
 479
 480    ;; probability (dists.lisp)
 481    log-gamma set-seed
 482    uniform-rand normal-cdf normal-quant normal-dens
 483    normal-rand bivnorm-cdf cauchy-cdf cauchy-quant cauchy-dens
 484    cauchy-rand gamma-cdf gamma-quant gamma-dens gamma-rand
 485    chisq-cdf chisq-quant chisq-dens chisq-rand beta-cdf beta-quant
 486    beta-dens beta-rand t-cdf t-quant t-dens t-rand f-cdf f-quant
 487    f-dens f-rand poisson-cdf poisson-quant poisson-pmf poisson-rand
 488    binomial-cdf binomial-quant binomial-pmf binomial-rand
 489
 490    ;; Here is where we have a problem -- lispstat core should be core
 491    ;; data management and config problems, with packages providing
 492    ;; specialized extensions to LispStat, i.e. regression, nonlin
 493    ;; regression, bayesian regression via laplace approximation, etc.
 494
 495    ;; The following could be considered "recommended packages",
 496    ;; similar to the idea of the recommended packages in R.  Probably
 497    ;; we want them to do the exporting within that package, therefore
 498    ;; NOT being able to lock the "data-ish" package, but only the
 499    ;; subpackages prior to export.
 500
 501    ;; regression.lsp
 502    ;; -- linear regressin models.
 503    regression-model regression-model-proto x y intercept sweep-matrix
 504    basis weights included total-sum-of-squares residual-sum-of-squares
 505    predictor-names response-name case-labels
 506    lm xtxinv
 507
 508    ;; nonlin.lsp
 509    ;; -- nonlinear regression models
 510    nreg-model nreg-model-proto mean-function theta-hat epsilon
 511    count-limit verbose
 512    ;; we might need something like xtxinv here?  But should be
 513    ;; encapsulated, so we use the one in regression.lisp
 514
 515    ;; bayes.lsp
 516    bayes-model bayes-model-proto bayes-internals
 517
 518
 519    ;; plots.lisp
 520    plot-ex
 521    contour-plot-ex
 522    fn-contour-plot-ex
 523    shade-plot-ex
 524    3D-plot-ex
 525
 526    ))
 527
 528
 529 ;;;; PACKAGES FOR USEABILITY
 530
 531 (defpackage :lisp-stat-data-examples
 532   (:documentation "Example data for unittests, examples, illustrations,")
 533   (:use :common-lisp
 534         :lisp-stat)
 535   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat
 536       slot-value call-method call-next-method
 537
 538       expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan
 539       asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 540       truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 541       < <= = /= >= > > ;; complex
 542       conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 543       min max logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling
 544       ftruncate fround signum cis
 545
 546       <= float imagpart)
 547   (:export iron aluminum absorbtion
 548            diabetes dlabs))
 549
 550
 551 (defpackage :lisp-stat-user
 552   (:documentation "Experimentation package for LispStat.
 553 Serious work should be placed in a similar package elsewhere for
 554 reproducibility.  But this should hint as to what needs to be
 555 done for a user- or analysis-package.")
 556   (:nicknames :ls-user)
 557   (:use :common-lisp
 558         :lisp-matrix
 559         :lisp-stat
 560         :lisp-stat-data-examples) ;; this last is to have 'things to play with'
 561   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat
 562       slot-value call-method call-next-method
 563
 564       expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan
 565       asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 566       truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 567       < <= = /= >= > > ;; complex
 568       conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 569       min max logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling
 570       ftruncate fround signum cis
 571
 572       <= float imagpart))
 573
 574 (defpackage :lisp-stat-unittests
 575   (:use :common-lisp :lift :lisp-stat :lisp-stat-data-examples)
 576   (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat
 577         slot-value call-method call-next-method ;; objects
 578         expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan ;; lsmath
 579         asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 580         truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 581         < <= = /= >= > ;; complex
 582         conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 583         min max logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling
 584         ftruncate fround signum cis)
 585   (:export run-lisp-stat-tests run-lisp-stat-test scoreboard ; exec
 586            almost= almost=lists numerical=)) ; compare
 587
 588 (defpackage :lisp-stat-data-clos-example
 589   (:use :common-lisp
 590         :lift  :lisp-stat-unittests
 591         :lisp-stat-data-examples
 592         :lisp-stat-data-clos)
 593   (:export absorbtion aluminum iron))
 594
 595
 596 (defpackage :lisp-stat-optimize
 597  (:use :common-lisp
 598        :cffi
 599        :lisp-matrix
 600        :lisp-stat-ffi-int
 601        :lisp-stat-object-system
 602        :lisp-stat-types
 603        :lisp-stat-compound-data
 604        :lisp-stat-math
 605        :lisp-stat-float
 606        :lisp-stat-basics
 607 #|
 608        :lisp-stat-matrix
 609        :lisp-stat-linalg-data
 610        :lisp-stat-linalg
 611 |#
 612        )
 613  (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-object-system
 614                          slot-value call-method call-next-method)
 615  (:shadowing-import-from :lisp-stat-math
 616            expt + - * / ** mod rem abs 1+ 1- log exp sqrt sin cos tan
 617            asin acos atan sinh cosh tanh asinh acosh atanh float random
 618            truncate floor ceiling round minusp zerop plusp evenp oddp
 619            < <= = /= >= > complex conjugate realpart imagpart phase
 620            min max logand logior logxor lognot ffloor fceiling
 621            ftruncate fround signum cis)
 622  (:export
 623      ;; derivatives
 624      numgrad numhess
 625
 626      ;; optimization
 627      newtonmax nelmeadmax))