gcc/cp/cxx-pretty-print.c

   1 /* Implementation of subroutines for the GNU C++ pretty-printer.
   2    Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   3    Contributed by Gabriel Dos Reis <gdr@integrable-solutions.net>
   4
   5 This file is part of GCC.
   6
   7 GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
   8 the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
   9 Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
  10 version.
  11
  12 GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
  13 WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  14 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  15 for more details.
  16
  17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  18 along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
  19 Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
  20 02110-1301, USA.  */
  21
  22 #include "config.h"
  23 #include "system.h"
  24 #include "coretypes.h"
  25 #include "tm.h"
  26 #include "real.h"
  27 #include "cxx-pretty-print.h"
  28 #include "cp-tree.h"
  29 #include "toplev.h"
  30
  31 static void pp_cxx_unqualified_id (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  32 static void pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  33 static void pp_cxx_qualified_id (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  34 static void pp_cxx_assignment_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  35 static void pp_cxx_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  36 static void pp_cxx_template_argument_list (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  37 static void pp_cxx_type_specifier_seq (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  38 static void pp_cxx_ptr_operator (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  39 static void pp_cxx_type_id (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  40 static void pp_cxx_direct_abstract_declarator (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  41 static void pp_cxx_declarator (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  42 static void pp_cxx_parameter_declaration_clause (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  43 static void pp_cxx_abstract_declarator (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  44 static void pp_cxx_statement (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  45 static void pp_cxx_template_parameter (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  46 static void pp_cxx_cast_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *, tree);
  47 \f
  48
  49 static inline void
  50 pp_cxx_nonconsecutive_character (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, int c)
  51 {
  52   const char *p = pp_last_position_in_text (pp);
  53
  54   if (p != NULL && *p == c)
  55     pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
  56   pp_character (pp, c);
  57   pp_base (pp)->padding = pp_none;
  58 }
  59
  60 #define pp_cxx_storage_class_specifier(PP, T) \
  61    pp_c_storage_class_specifier (pp_c_base (PP), T)
  62 #define pp_cxx_expression_list(PP, T)    \
  63    pp_c_expression_list (pp_c_base (PP), T)
  64 #define pp_cxx_space_for_pointer_operator(PP, T)  \
  65    pp_c_space_for_pointer_operator (pp_c_base (PP), T)
  66 #define pp_cxx_init_declarator(PP, T)    \
  67    pp_c_init_declarator (pp_c_base (PP), T)
  68 #define pp_cxx_call_argument_list(PP, T) \
  69    pp_c_call_argument_list (pp_c_base (PP), T)
  70
  71 void
  72 pp_cxx_colon_colon (cxx_pretty_printer *pp)
  73 {
  74   pp_colon_colon (pp);
  75   pp_base (pp)->padding = pp_none;
  76 }
  77
  78 void
  79 pp_cxx_begin_template_argument_list (cxx_pretty_printer *pp)
  80 {
  81   pp_cxx_nonconsecutive_character (pp, '<');
  82 }
  83
  84 void
  85 pp_cxx_end_template_argument_list (cxx_pretty_printer *pp)
  86 {
  87   pp_cxx_nonconsecutive_character (pp, '>');
  88 }
  89
  90 void
  91 pp_cxx_separate_with (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, int c)
  92 {
  93   pp_separate_with (pp, c);
  94   pp_base (pp)->padding = pp_none;
  95 }
  96
  97 /* Expressions.  */
  98
  99 static inline bool
 100 is_destructor_name (tree name)
 101 {
 102   return name == complete_dtor_identifier
 103     || name == base_dtor_identifier
 104     || name == deleting_dtor_identifier;
 105 }
 106
 107 /* conversion-function-id:
 108       operator conversion-type-id
 109
 110    conversion-type-id:
 111       type-specifier-seq conversion-declarator(opt)
 112
 113    conversion-declarator:
 114       ptr-operator conversion-declarator(opt)  */
 115
 116 static inline void
 117 pp_cxx_conversion_function_id (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 118 {
 119   pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "operator");
 120   pp_cxx_type_specifier_seq (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
 121 }
 122
 123 static inline void
 124 pp_cxx_template_id (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 125 {
 126   pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 127   pp_cxx_begin_template_argument_list (pp);
 128   pp_cxx_template_argument_list (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));
 129   pp_cxx_end_template_argument_list (pp);
 130 }
 131
 132 /* unqualified-id:
 133      identifier
 134      operator-function-id
 135      conversion-function-id
 136      ~ class-name
 137      template-id  */
 138
 139 static void
 140 pp_cxx_unqualified_id (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 141 {
 142   enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (t);
 143   switch (code)
 144     {
 145     case RESULT_DECL:
 146       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "<return-value>");
 147       break;
 148
 149     case OVERLOAD:
 150       t = OVL_CURRENT (t);
 151     case VAR_DECL:
 152     case PARM_DECL:
 153     case CONST_DECL:
 154     case TYPE_DECL:
 155     case FUNCTION_DECL:
 156     case NAMESPACE_DECL:
 157     case FIELD_DECL:
 158     case LABEL_DECL:
 159     case USING_DECL:
 160     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
 161       t = DECL_NAME (t);
 162
 163     case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
 164       if (t == NULL)
 165         pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "<unnamed>");
 166       else if (IDENTIFIER_TYPENAME_P (t))
 167         pp_cxx_conversion_function_id (pp, t);
 168       else
 169         {
 170           if (is_destructor_name (t))
 171             {
 172               pp_complement (pp);
 173               /* FIXME: Why is this necessary? */
 174               if (TREE_TYPE (t))
 175                 t = constructor_name (TREE_TYPE (t));
 176             }
 177           pp_cxx_tree_identifier (pp, t);
 178         }
 179       break;
 180
 181     case TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR:
 182       pp_cxx_template_id (pp, t);
 183       break;
 184
 185     case BASELINK:
 186       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (t));
 187       break;
 188
 189     case RECORD_TYPE:
 190     case UNION_TYPE:
 191     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
 192       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, TYPE_NAME (t));
 193       break;
 194
 195     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
 196     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
 197       if (TYPE_IDENTIFIER (t))
 198         pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, TYPE_IDENTIFIER (t));
 199       else
 200         pp_cxx_canonical_template_parameter (pp, t);
 201       break;
 202
 203     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
 204       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, TEMPLATE_PARM_DECL (t));
 205       break;
 206
 207     default:
 208       pp_unsupported_tree (pp, t);
 209       break;
 210     }
 211 }
 212
 213 /* Pretty-print out the token sequence ":: template" in template codes
 214    where it is needed to "inline declare" the (following) member as
 215    a template.  This situation arises when SCOPE of T is dependent
 216    on template parameters.  */
 217
 218 static inline void
 219 pp_cxx_template_keyword_if_needed (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree scope, tree t)
 220 {
 221   if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
 222       && TYPE_P (scope) && dependent_type_p (scope))
 223     pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "template");
 224 }
 225
 226 /* nested-name-specifier:
 227       class-or-namespace-name :: nested-name-specifier(opt)
 228       class-or-namespace-name :: template nested-name-specifier   */
 229
 230 static void
 231 pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 232 {
 233   if (t != NULL && t != pp->enclosing_scope)
 234     {
 235       tree scope = TYPE_P (t) ? TYPE_CONTEXT (t) : DECL_CONTEXT (t);
 236       pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, scope);
 237       pp_cxx_template_keyword_if_needed (pp, scope, t);
 238       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, t);
 239       pp_cxx_colon_colon (pp);
 240     }
 241 }
 242
 243 /* qualified-id:
 244       nested-name-specifier template(opt) unqualified-id  */
 245
 246 static void
 247 pp_cxx_qualified_id (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 248 {
 249   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
 250     {
 251       /* A pointer-to-member is always qualified.  */
 252     case PTRMEM_CST:
 253       pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, PTRMEM_CST_CLASS (t));
 254       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, PTRMEM_CST_MEMBER (t));
 255       break;
 256
 257       /* In Standard C++, functions cannot possibly be used as
 258          nested-name-specifiers.  However, there are situations where
 259          is "makes sense" to output the surrounding function name for the
 260          purpose of emphasizing on the scope kind.  Just printing the
 261          function name might not be sufficient as it may be overloaded; so,
 262          we decorate the function with its signature too.
 263          FIXME:  This is probably the wrong pretty-printing for conversion
 264          functions and some function templates.  */
 265     case OVERLOAD:
 266       t = OVL_CURRENT (t);
 267     case FUNCTION_DECL:
 268       if (DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (t))
 269         pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, DECL_CONTEXT (t));
 270       pp_cxx_unqualified_id
 271         (pp, DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (t) ? DECL_CONTEXT (t) : t);
 272       pp_cxx_parameter_declaration_clause (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
 273       break;
 274
 275     case OFFSET_REF:
 276     case SCOPE_REF:
 277       pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 278       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));
 279       break;
 280
 281     default:
 282       {
 283         tree scope = TYPE_P (t) ? TYPE_CONTEXT (t) : DECL_CONTEXT (t);
 284         if (scope != pp->enclosing_scope)
 285           {
 286             pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, scope);
 287             pp_cxx_template_keyword_if_needed (pp, scope, t);
 288           }
 289         pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, t);
 290       }
 291       break;
 292     }
 293 }
 294
 295
 296 static void
 297 pp_cxx_constant (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 298 {
 299   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
 300     {
 301     case STRING_CST:
 302       {
 303         const bool in_parens = PAREN_STRING_LITERAL_P (t);
 304         if (in_parens)
 305           pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
 306         pp_c_constant (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 307         if (in_parens)
 308           pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
 309       }
 310       break;
 311
 312     default:
 313       pp_c_constant (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 314       break;
 315     }
 316 }
 317
 318 /* id-expression:
 319       unqualified-id
 320       qualified-id   */
 321
 322 static inline void
 323 pp_cxx_id_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 324 {
 325   if (TREE_CODE (t) == OVERLOAD)
 326     t = OVL_CURRENT (t);
 327   if (DECL_P (t) && DECL_CONTEXT (t))
 328     pp_cxx_qualified_id (pp, t);
 329   else
 330     pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, t);
 331 }
 332
 333 /* primary-expression:
 334      literal
 335      this
 336      :: identifier
 337      :: operator-function-id
 338      :: qualifier-id
 339      ( expression )
 340      id-expression   */
 341
 342 static void
 343 pp_cxx_primary_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 344 {
 345   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
 346     {
 347     case INTEGER_CST:
 348     case REAL_CST:
 349     case STRING_CST:
 350       pp_cxx_constant (pp, t);
 351       break;
 352
 353     case BASELINK:
 354       t = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (t);
 355     case VAR_DECL:
 356     case PARM_DECL:
 357     case FIELD_DECL:
 358     case FUNCTION_DECL:
 359     case OVERLOAD:
 360     case CONST_DECL:
 361     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
 362       pp_cxx_id_expression (pp, t);
 363       break;
 364
 365     case RESULT_DECL:
 366     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
 367     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
 368     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
 369       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, t);
 370       break;
 371
 372     case STMT_EXPR:
 373       pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
 374       pp_cxx_statement (pp, STMT_EXPR_STMT (t));
 375       pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
 376       break;
 377
 378     default:
 379       pp_c_primary_expression (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 380       break;
 381     }
 382 }
 383
 384 /* postfix-expression:
 385      primary-expression
 386      postfix-expression [ expression ]
 387      postfix-expression ( expression-list(opt) )
 388      simple-type-specifier ( expression-list(opt) )
 389      typename ::(opt) nested-name-specifier identifier ( expression-list(opt) )
 390      typename ::(opt) nested-name-specifier template(opt)
 391                                        template-id ( expression-list(opt) )
 392      postfix-expression . template(opt) ::(opt) id-expression
 393      postfix-expression -> template(opt) ::(opt) id-expression
 394      postfix-expression . pseudo-destructor-name
 395      postfix-expression -> pseudo-destructor-name
 396      postfix-expression ++
 397      postfix-expression --
 398      dynamic_cast < type-id > ( expression )
 399      static_cast < type-id > ( expression )
 400      reinterpret_cast < type-id > ( expression )
 401      const_cast < type-id > ( expression )
 402      typeid ( expression )
 403      typeif ( type-id )  */
 404
 405 static void
 406 pp_cxx_postfix_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 407 {
 408   enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (t);
 409
 410   switch (code)
 411     {
 412     case AGGR_INIT_EXPR:
 413     case CALL_EXPR:
 414       {
 415         tree fun = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
 416         tree args = TREE_OPERAND (t, 1);
 417         tree saved_scope = pp->enclosing_scope;
 418
 419         if (TREE_CODE (fun) == ADDR_EXPR)
 420           fun = TREE_OPERAND (fun, 0);
 421
 422         /* In templates, where there is no way to tell whether a given
 423            call uses an actual member function.  So the parser builds
 424            FUN as a COMPONENT_REF or a plain IDENTIFIER_NODE until
 425            instantiation time.  */
 426         if (TREE_CODE (fun) != FUNCTION_DECL)
 427           ;
 428         else if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (fun))
 429           {
 430             tree object = code == AGGR_INIT_EXPR && AGGR_INIT_VIA_CTOR_P (t)
 431               ? TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)
 432               : TREE_VALUE (args);
 433
 434             while (TREE_CODE (object) == NOP_EXPR)
 435               object = TREE_OPERAND (object, 0);
 436
 437             if (TREE_CODE (object) == ADDR_EXPR)
 438               object = TREE_OPERAND (object, 0);
 439
 440             if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (object)) != POINTER_TYPE)
 441               {
 442                 pp_cxx_postfix_expression (pp, object);
 443                 pp_cxx_dot (pp);
 444               }
 445             else
 446               {
 447                 pp_cxx_postfix_expression (pp, object);
 448                 pp_cxx_arrow (pp);
 449               }
 450             args = TREE_CHAIN (args);
 451             pp->enclosing_scope = strip_pointer_operator (TREE_TYPE (object));
 452           }
 453
 454         pp_cxx_postfix_expression (pp, fun);
 455         pp->enclosing_scope = saved_scope;
 456         pp_cxx_call_argument_list (pp, args);
 457       }
 458       if (code == AGGR_INIT_EXPR && AGGR_INIT_VIA_CTOR_P (t))
 459         {
 460           pp_cxx_separate_with (pp, ',');
 461           pp_cxx_postfix_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 2));
 462         }
 463       break;
 464
 465     case BASELINK:
 466     case VAR_DECL:
 467     case PARM_DECL:
 468     case FIELD_DECL:
 469     case FUNCTION_DECL:
 470     case OVERLOAD:
 471     case CONST_DECL:
 472     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
 473     case RESULT_DECL:
 474       pp_cxx_primary_expression (pp, t);
 475       break;
 476
 477     case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
 478     case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
 479     case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
 480     case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
 481       if (code == DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR)
 482         pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "dynamic_cast");
 483       else if (code == STATIC_CAST_EXPR)
 484         pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "static_cast");
 485       else if (code == REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR)
 486         pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "reinterpret_cast");
 487       else
 488         pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "const_cast");
 489       pp_cxx_begin_template_argument_list (pp);
 490       pp_cxx_type_id (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
 491       pp_cxx_end_template_argument_list (pp);
 492       pp_left_paren (pp);
 493       pp_cxx_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 494       pp_right_paren (pp);
 495       break;
 496
 497     case EMPTY_CLASS_EXPR:
 498       pp_cxx_type_id (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
 499       pp_left_paren (pp);
 500       pp_right_paren (pp);
 501       break;
 502
 503     case TYPEID_EXPR:
 504       t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
 505       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "typeid");
 506       pp_left_paren (pp);
 507       if (TYPE_P (t))
 508         pp_cxx_type_id (pp, t);
 509       else
 510         pp_cxx_expression (pp, t);
 511       pp_right_paren (pp);
 512       break;
 513
 514     case PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR:
 515       pp_cxx_postfix_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 516       pp_cxx_dot (pp);
 517       pp_cxx_qualified_id (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));
 518       pp_cxx_colon_colon (pp);
 519       pp_complement (pp);
 520       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 2));
 521       break;
 522
 523     case ARROW_EXPR:
 524       pp_cxx_postfix_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 525       pp_cxx_arrow (pp);
 526       break;
 527
 528     default:
 529       pp_c_postfix_expression (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 530       break;
 531     }
 532 }
 533
 534 /* new-expression:
 535       ::(opt) new new-placement(opt) new-type-id new-initializer(opt)
 536       ::(opt) new new-placement(opt) ( type-id ) new-initializer(opt)
 537
 538    new-placement:
 539       ( expression-list )
 540
 541    new-type-id:
 542       type-specifier-seq new-declarator(opt)
 543
 544    new-declarator:
 545       ptr-operator new-declarator(opt)
 546       direct-new-declarator
 547
 548    direct-new-declarator
 549       [ expression ]
 550       direct-new-declarator [ constant-expression ]
 551
 552    new-initializer:
 553       ( expression-list(opt) )  */
 554
 555 static void
 556 pp_cxx_new_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 557 {
 558   enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (t);
 559   switch (code)
 560     {
 561     case NEW_EXPR:
 562     case VEC_NEW_EXPR:
 563       if (NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t))
 564         pp_cxx_colon_colon (pp);
 565       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "new");
 566       if (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))
 567         {
 568           pp_cxx_call_argument_list (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 569           pp_space (pp);
 570         }
 571       /* FIXME: array-types are built with one more element.  */
 572       pp_cxx_type_id (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));
 573       if (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2))
 574         {
 575           pp_left_paren (pp);
 576           t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 2);
 577           if (TREE_CODE (t) == TREE_LIST)
 578             pp_c_expression_list (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 579           else if (t == void_zero_node)
 580             ;                   /* OK, empty initializer list.  */
 581           else
 582             pp_cxx_expression (pp, t);
 583           pp_right_paren (pp);
 584         }
 585       break;
 586
 587     default:
 588       pp_unsupported_tree (pp, t);
 589     }
 590 }
 591
 592 /* delete-expression:
 593       ::(opt) delete cast-expression
 594       ::(opt) delete [ ] cast-expression   */
 595
 596 static void
 597 pp_cxx_delete_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 598 {
 599   enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (t);
 600   switch (code)
 601     {
 602     case DELETE_EXPR:
 603     case VEC_DELETE_EXPR:
 604       if (DELETE_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t))
 605         pp_cxx_colon_colon (pp);
 606       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "delete");
 607       if (code == VEC_DELETE_EXPR)
 608         {
 609           pp_left_bracket (pp);
 610           pp_right_bracket (pp);
 611         }
 612       pp_c_cast_expression (pp_c_base (pp), TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 613       break;
 614
 615     default:
 616       pp_unsupported_tree (pp, t);
 617     }
 618 }
 619
 620 /* unary-expression:
 621       postfix-expression
 622       ++ cast-expression
 623       -- cast-expression
 624       unary-operator cast-expression
 625       sizeof unary-expression
 626       sizeof ( type-id )
 627       new-expression
 628       delete-expression
 629
 630    unary-operator: one of
 631       *   &   +   -  !
 632
 633    GNU extensions:
 634       __alignof__ unary-expression
 635       __alignof__ ( type-id )  */
 636
 637 static void
 638 pp_cxx_unary_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 639 {
 640   enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (t);
 641   switch (code)
 642     {
 643     case NEW_EXPR:
 644     case VEC_NEW_EXPR:
 645       pp_cxx_new_expression (pp, t);
 646       break;
 647
 648     case DELETE_EXPR:
 649     case VEC_DELETE_EXPR:
 650       pp_cxx_delete_expression (pp, t);
 651       break;
 652
 653     case SIZEOF_EXPR:
 654     case ALIGNOF_EXPR:
 655       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, code == SIZEOF_EXPR ? "sizeof" : "__alignof__");
 656       pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
 657       if (TYPE_P (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)))
 658         {
 659           pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
 660           pp_cxx_type_id (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 661           pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
 662         }
 663       else
 664         pp_unary_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 665       break;
 666
 667     case UNARY_PLUS_EXPR:
 668       pp_plus (pp);
 669       pp_cxx_cast_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 670       break;
 671
 672     default:
 673       pp_c_unary_expression (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 674       break;
 675     }
 676 }
 677
 678 /* cast-expression:
 679       unary-expression
 680       ( type-id ) cast-expression  */
 681
 682 static void
 683 pp_cxx_cast_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 684 {
 685   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
 686     {
 687     case CAST_EXPR:
 688       pp_cxx_type_id (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
 689       pp_cxx_call_argument_list (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 690       break;
 691
 692     default:
 693       pp_c_cast_expression (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 694       break;
 695     }
 696 }
 697
 698 /* pm-expression:
 699       cast-expression
 700       pm-expression .* cast-expression
 701       pm-expression ->* cast-expression  */
 702
 703 static void
 704 pp_cxx_pm_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 705 {
 706   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
 707     {
 708       /* Handle unfortunate OFFESET_REF overloading here.  */
 709     case OFFSET_REF:
 710       if (TYPE_P (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)))
 711         {
 712           pp_cxx_qualified_id (pp, t);
 713           break;
 714         }
 715       /* Else fall through.  */
 716     case MEMBER_REF:
 717     case DOTSTAR_EXPR:
 718       pp_cxx_pm_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
 719       pp_cxx_dot (pp);
 720       pp_star(pp);
 721       pp_cxx_cast_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));
 722       break;
 723
 724
 725     default:
 726       pp_cxx_cast_expression (pp, t);
 727       break;
 728     }
 729 }
 730
 731 /* multiplicative-expression:
 732       pm-expression
 733       multiplicative-expression * pm-expression
 734       multiplicative-expression / pm-expression
 735       multiplicative-expression % pm-expression  */
 736
 737 static void
 738 pp_cxx_multiplicative_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree e)
 739 {
 740   enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (e);
 741   switch (code)
 742     {
 743     case MULT_EXPR:
 744     case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
 745     case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
 746       pp_cxx_multiplicative_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (e, 0));
 747       pp_space (pp);
 748       if (code == MULT_EXPR)
 749         pp_star (pp);
 750       else if (code == TRUNC_DIV_EXPR)
 751         pp_slash (pp);
 752       else
 753         pp_modulo (pp);
 754       pp_space (pp);
 755       pp_cxx_pm_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (e, 1));
 756       break;
 757
 758     default:
 759       pp_cxx_pm_expression (pp, e);
 760       break;
 761     }
 762 }
 763
 764 /* conditional-expression:
 765       logical-or-expression
 766       logical-or-expression ?  expression  : assignment-expression  */
 767
 768 static void
 769 pp_cxx_conditional_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree e)
 770 {
 771   if (TREE_CODE (e) == COND_EXPR)
 772     {
 773       pp_c_logical_or_expression (pp_c_base (pp), TREE_OPERAND (e, 0));
 774       pp_space (pp);
 775       pp_question (pp);
 776       pp_space (pp);
 777       pp_cxx_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (e, 1));
 778       pp_space (pp);
 779       pp_cxx_assignment_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (e, 2));
 780     }
 781   else
 782     pp_c_logical_or_expression (pp_c_base (pp), e);
 783 }
 784
 785 /* Pretty-print a compound assignment operator token as indicated by T.  */
 786
 787 static void
 788 pp_cxx_assignment_operator (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 789 {
 790   const char *op;
 791
 792   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
 793     {
 794     case NOP_EXPR:
 795       op = "=";
 796       break;
 797
 798     case PLUS_EXPR:
 799       op = "+=";
 800       break;
 801
 802     case MINUS_EXPR:
 803       op = "-=";
 804       break;
 805
 806     case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
 807       op = "/=";
 808       break;
 809
 810     case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
 811       op = "%=";
 812       break;
 813
 814     default:
 815       op = tree_code_name[TREE_CODE (t)];
 816       break;
 817     }
 818
 819   pp_cxx_identifier (pp, op);
 820 }
 821
 822
 823 /* assignment-expression:
 824       conditional-expression
 825       logical-or-expression assignment-operator assignment-expression
 826       throw-expression
 827
 828    throw-expression:
 829        throw assignment-expression(opt)
 830
 831    assignment-operator: one of
 832       =    *=    /=    %=    +=    -=    >>=    <<=    &=    ^=    |=  */
 833
 834 static void
 835 pp_cxx_assignment_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree e)
 836 {
 837   switch (TREE_CODE (e))
 838     {
 839     case MODIFY_EXPR:
 840     case INIT_EXPR:
 841       pp_c_logical_or_expression (pp_c_base (pp), TREE_OPERAND (e, 0));
 842       pp_space (pp);
 843       pp_equal (pp);
 844       pp_space (pp);
 845       pp_cxx_assignment_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (e, 1));
 846       break;
 847
 848     case THROW_EXPR:
 849       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "throw");
 850       if (TREE_OPERAND (e, 0))
 851         pp_cxx_assignment_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (e, 0));
 852       break;
 853
 854     case MODOP_EXPR:
 855       pp_c_logical_or_expression (pp_c_base (pp), TREE_OPERAND (e, 0));
 856       pp_cxx_assignment_operator (pp, TREE_OPERAND (e, 1));
 857       pp_cxx_assignment_expression (pp, TREE_OPERAND (e, 2));
 858       break;
 859
 860     default:
 861       pp_cxx_conditional_expression (pp, e);
 862       break;
 863     }
 864 }
 865
 866 static void
 867 pp_cxx_expression (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 868 {
 869   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
 870     {
 871     case STRING_CST:
 872     case INTEGER_CST:
 873     case REAL_CST:
 874       pp_cxx_constant (pp, t);
 875       break;
 876
 877     case RESULT_DECL:
 878       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, t);
 879       break;
 880
 881 #if 0
 882     case OFFSET_REF:
 883 #endif
 884     case SCOPE_REF:
 885     case PTRMEM_CST:
 886       pp_cxx_qualified_id (pp, t);
 887       break;
 888
 889     case OVERLOAD:
 890       t = OVL_CURRENT (t);
 891     case VAR_DECL:
 892     case PARM_DECL:
 893     case FIELD_DECL:
 894     case CONST_DECL:
 895     case FUNCTION_DECL:
 896     case BASELINK:
 897     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
 898     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
 899     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
 900     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
 901     case STMT_EXPR:
 902       pp_cxx_primary_expression (pp, t);
 903       break;
 904
 905     case CALL_EXPR:
 906     case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
 907     case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
 908     case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
 909     case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
 910 #if 0
 911     case MEMBER_REF:
 912 #endif
 913     case EMPTY_CLASS_EXPR:
 914     case TYPEID_EXPR:
 915     case PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR:
 916     case AGGR_INIT_EXPR:
 917     case ARROW_EXPR:
 918       pp_cxx_postfix_expression (pp, t);
 919       break;
 920
 921     case NEW_EXPR:
 922     case VEC_NEW_EXPR:
 923       pp_cxx_new_expression (pp, t);
 924       break;
 925
 926     case DELETE_EXPR:
 927     case VEC_DELETE_EXPR:
 928       pp_cxx_delete_expression (pp, t);
 929       break;
 930
 931     case SIZEOF_EXPR:
 932     case ALIGNOF_EXPR:
 933       pp_cxx_unary_expression (pp, t);
 934       break;
 935
 936     case CAST_EXPR:
 937       pp_cxx_cast_expression (pp, t);
 938       break;
 939
 940     case OFFSET_REF:
 941     case MEMBER_REF:
 942     case DOTSTAR_EXPR:
 943       pp_cxx_pm_expression (pp, t);
 944       break;
 945
 946     case MULT_EXPR:
 947     case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
 948     case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
 949       pp_cxx_multiplicative_expression (pp, t);
 950       break;
 951
 952     case COND_EXPR:
 953       pp_cxx_conditional_expression (pp, t);
 954       break;
 955
 956     case MODIFY_EXPR:
 957     case INIT_EXPR:
 958     case THROW_EXPR:
 959     case MODOP_EXPR:
 960       pp_cxx_assignment_expression (pp, t);
 961       break;
 962
 963     case NON_DEPENDENT_EXPR:
 964     case MUST_NOT_THROW_EXPR:
 965       pp_cxx_expression (pp, t);
 966       break;
 967
 968     default:
 969       pp_c_expression (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 970       break;
 971     }
 972 }
 973
 974
 975 /* Declarations.  */
 976
 977 /* function-specifier:
 978       inline
 979       virtual
 980       explicit   */
 981
 982 static void
 983 pp_cxx_function_specifier (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
 984 {
 985   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
 986     {
 987     case FUNCTION_DECL:
 988       if (DECL_VIRTUAL_P (t))
 989         pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "virtual");
 990       else if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (t) && DECL_NONCONVERTING_P (t))
 991         pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "explicit");
 992       else
 993         pp_c_function_specifier (pp_c_base (pp), t);
 994
 995     default:
 996       break;
 997     }
 998 }
 999
1000 /* decl-specifier-seq:
1001       decl-specifier-seq(opt) decl-specifier
1002
1003    decl-specifier:
1004       storage-class-specifier
1005       type-specifier
1006       function-specifier
1007       friend
1008       typedef  */
1009
1010 static void
1011 pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1012 {
1013   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1014     {
1015     case VAR_DECL:
1016     case PARM_DECL:
1017     case CONST_DECL:
1018     case FIELD_DECL:
1019       pp_cxx_storage_class_specifier (pp, t);
1020       pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1021       break;
1022
1023     case TYPE_DECL:
1024       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "typedef");
1025       pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1026       break;
1027
1028     case RECORD_TYPE:
1029       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t))
1030         {
1031           tree pfm = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t);
1032           pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq (pp, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (pfm)));
1033           pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1034           pp_cxx_ptr_operator (pp, t);
1035         }
1036       break;
1037
1038     case FUNCTION_DECL:
1039       /* Constructors don't have return types.  And conversion functions
1040          do not have a type-specifier in their return types.  */
1041       if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (t) || DECL_CONV_FN_P (t))
1042         pp_cxx_function_specifier (pp, t);
1043       else if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (t))
1044         pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq (pp, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)));
1045       else
1046         default:
1047       pp_c_declaration_specifiers (pp_c_base (pp), t);
1048       break;
1049     }
1050 }
1051
1052 /* simple-type-specifier:
1053       ::(opt) nested-name-specifier(opt) type-name
1054       ::(opt) nested-name-specifier(opt) template(opt) template-id
1055       char
1056       wchar_t
1057       bool
1058       short
1059       int
1060       long
1061       signed
1062       unsigned
1063       float
1064       double
1065       void  */
1066
1067 static void
1068 pp_cxx_simple_type_specifier (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1069 {
1070   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1071     {
1072     case RECORD_TYPE:
1073     case UNION_TYPE:
1074     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
1075       pp_cxx_qualified_id (pp, t);
1076       break;
1077
1078     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
1079     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
1080     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
1081       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, t);
1082       break;
1083
1084     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
1085       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "typename");
1086       pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, TYPE_CONTEXT (t));
1087       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, TYPE_NAME (t));
1088       break;
1089
1090     default:
1091       pp_c_type_specifier (pp_c_base (pp), t);
1092       break;
1093     }
1094 }
1095
1096 /* type-specifier-seq:
1097       type-specifier type-specifier-seq(opt)
1098
1099    type-specifier:
1100       simple-type-specifier
1101       class-specifier
1102       enum-specifier
1103       elaborated-type-specifier
1104       cv-qualifier   */
1105
1106 static void
1107 pp_cxx_type_specifier_seq (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1108 {
1109   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1110     {
1111     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
1112     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
1113     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
1114     case TYPE_DECL:
1115     case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
1116       pp_cxx_cv_qualifier_seq (pp, t);
1117       pp_cxx_simple_type_specifier (pp, t);
1118       break;
1119
1120     case METHOD_TYPE:
1121       pp_cxx_type_specifier_seq (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1122       pp_cxx_space_for_pointer_operator (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1123       pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, TYPE_METHOD_BASETYPE (t));
1124       break;
1125
1126     default:
1127       if (!(TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (t)))
1128         pp_c_specifier_qualifier_list (pp_c_base (pp), t);
1129     }
1130 }
1131
1132 /* ptr-operator:
1133       * cv-qualifier-seq(opt)
1134       &
1135       ::(opt) nested-name-specifier * cv-qualifier-seq(opt)  */
1136
1137 static void
1138 pp_cxx_ptr_operator (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1139 {
1140   if (!TYPE_P (t) && TREE_CODE (t) != TYPE_DECL)
1141     t = TREE_TYPE (t);
1142   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1143     {
1144     case REFERENCE_TYPE:
1145     case POINTER_TYPE:
1146       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t)) == POINTER_TYPE
1147           || TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (TREE_TYPE (t)))
1148         pp_cxx_ptr_operator (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1149       if (TREE_CODE (t) == POINTER_TYPE)
1150         {
1151           pp_star (pp);
1152           pp_cxx_cv_qualifier_seq (pp, t);
1153         }
1154       else
1155         pp_ampersand (pp);
1156       break;
1157
1158     case RECORD_TYPE:
1159       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t))
1160         {
1161           pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1162           pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_OBJECT_TYPE (t));
1163           pp_star (pp);
1164           break;
1165         }
1166     case OFFSET_TYPE:
1167       if (TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (t))
1168         {
1169           if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
1170             pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1171           pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t));
1172           pp_star (pp);
1173           pp_cxx_cv_qualifier_seq (pp, t);
1174           break;
1175         }
1176       /* else fall through.  */
1177
1178     default:
1179       pp_unsupported_tree (pp, t);
1180       break;
1181     }
1182 }
1183
1184 static inline tree
1185 pp_cxx_implicit_parameter_type (tree mf)
1186 {
1187   return TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (mf))));
1188 }
1189
1190 /*
1191    parameter-declaration:
1192       decl-specifier-seq declarator
1193       decl-specifier-seq declarator = assignment-expression
1194       decl-specifier-seq abstract-declarator(opt)
1195       decl-specifier-seq abstract-declarator(opt) assignment-expression  */
1196
1197 static inline void
1198 pp_cxx_parameter_declaration (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1199 {
1200   pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq (pp, t);
1201   if (TYPE_P (t))
1202     pp_cxx_abstract_declarator (pp, t);
1203   else
1204     pp_cxx_declarator (pp, t);
1205 }
1206
1207 /* parameter-declaration-clause:
1208       parameter-declaration-list(opt) ...(opt)
1209       parameter-declaration-list , ...
1210
1211    parameter-declaration-list:
1212       parameter-declaration
1213       parameter-declaration-list , parameter-declaration  */
1214
1215 static void
1216 pp_cxx_parameter_declaration_clause (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1217 {
1218   tree args = TYPE_P (t) ? NULL : FUNCTION_FIRST_USER_PARM (t);
1219   tree types =
1220     TYPE_P (t) ? TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t) : FUNCTION_FIRST_USER_PARMTYPE (t);
1221   const bool abstract = args == NULL
1222     || pp_c_base (pp)->flags & pp_c_flag_abstract;
1223   bool first = true;
1224
1225   /* Skip artificial parameter for nonstatic member functions.  */
1226   if (TREE_CODE (t) == METHOD_TYPE)
1227     types = TREE_CHAIN (types);
1228
1229   pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1230   for (; args; args = TREE_CHAIN (args), types = TREE_CHAIN (types))
1231     {
1232       if (!first)
1233         pp_cxx_separate_with (pp, ',');
1234       first = false;
1235       pp_cxx_parameter_declaration (pp, abstract ? TREE_VALUE (types) : args);
1236       if (!abstract && pp_c_base (pp)->flags & pp_cxx_flag_default_argument)
1237         {
1238           pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1239           pp_equal (pp);
1240           pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1241           pp_cxx_assignment_expression (pp, TREE_PURPOSE (types));
1242         }
1243     }
1244   pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1245 }
1246
1247 /* exception-specification:
1248       throw ( type-id-list(opt) )
1249
1250    type-id-list
1251       type-id
1252       type-id-list , type-id   */
1253
1254 static void
1255 pp_cxx_exception_specification (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1256 {
1257   tree ex_spec = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (t);
1258
1259   if (!TYPE_NOTHROW_P (t) && ex_spec == NULL)
1260     return;
1261   pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "throw");
1262   pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1263   for (; ex_spec && TREE_VALUE (ex_spec); ex_spec = TREE_CHAIN (ex_spec))
1264     {
1265       pp_cxx_type_id (pp, TREE_VALUE (ex_spec));
1266       if (TREE_CHAIN (ex_spec))
1267         pp_cxx_separate_with (pp, ',');
1268     }
1269   pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1270 }
1271
1272 /* direct-declarator:
1273       declarator-id
1274       direct-declarator ( parameter-declaration-clause ) cv-qualifier-seq(opt)
1275                                             exception-specification(opt)
1276       direct-declaration [ constant-expression(opt) ]
1277       ( declarator )  */
1278
1279 static void
1280 pp_cxx_direct_declarator (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1281 {
1282   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1283     {
1284     case VAR_DECL:
1285     case PARM_DECL:
1286     case CONST_DECL:
1287     case FIELD_DECL:
1288       if (DECL_NAME (t))
1289         {
1290           pp_cxx_space_for_pointer_operator (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1291           pp_cxx_id_expression (pp, DECL_NAME (t));
1292         }
1293       pp_cxx_abstract_declarator (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1294       break;
1295
1296     case FUNCTION_DECL:
1297       pp_cxx_space_for_pointer_operator (pp, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)));
1298       pp_cxx_id_expression (pp, t);
1299       pp_cxx_parameter_declaration_clause (pp, t);
1300
1301       if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (t))
1302         {
1303           pp_base (pp)->padding = pp_before;
1304           pp_cxx_cv_qualifier_seq (pp, pp_cxx_implicit_parameter_type (t));
1305         }
1306
1307       pp_cxx_exception_specification (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1308       break;
1309
1310     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
1311     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
1312     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
1313     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
1314     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
1315       break;
1316
1317     default:
1318       pp_c_direct_declarator (pp_c_base (pp), t);
1319       break;
1320     }
1321 }
1322
1323 /* declarator:
1324    direct-declarator
1325    ptr-operator declarator  */
1326
1327 static void
1328 pp_cxx_declarator (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1329 {
1330   pp_cxx_direct_declarator (pp, t);
1331 }
1332
1333 /* ctor-initializer:
1334       : mem-initializer-list
1335
1336    mem-initializer-list:
1337       mem-initializer
1338       mem-initializer , mem-initializer-list
1339
1340    mem-initializer:
1341       mem-initializer-id ( expression-list(opt) )
1342
1343    mem-initializer-id:
1344       ::(opt) nested-name-specifier(opt) class-name
1345       identifier   */
1346
1347 static void
1348 pp_cxx_ctor_initializer (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1349 {
1350   t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
1351   pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1352   pp_colon (pp);
1353   pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1354   for (; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
1355     {
1356       pp_cxx_primary_expression (pp, TREE_PURPOSE (t));
1357       pp_cxx_call_argument_list (pp, TREE_VALUE (t));
1358       if (TREE_CHAIN (t))
1359         pp_cxx_separate_with (pp, ',');
1360     }
1361 }
1362
1363 /* function-definition:
1364       decl-specifier-seq(opt) declarator ctor-initializer(opt) function-body
1365       decl-specifier-seq(opt) declarator function-try-block  */
1366
1367 static void
1368 pp_cxx_function_definition (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1369 {
1370   tree saved_scope = pp->enclosing_scope;
1371   pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq (pp, t);
1372   pp_cxx_declarator (pp, t);
1373   pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1374   pp->enclosing_scope = DECL_CONTEXT (t);
1375   if (DECL_SAVED_TREE (t))
1376     pp_cxx_statement (pp, DECL_SAVED_TREE (t));
1377   else
1378     {
1379       pp_cxx_semicolon (pp);
1380       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1381     }
1382   pp_flush (pp);
1383   pp->enclosing_scope = saved_scope;
1384 }
1385
1386 /* abstract-declarator:
1387       ptr-operator abstract-declarator(opt)
1388       direct-abstract-declarator  */
1389
1390 static void
1391 pp_cxx_abstract_declarator (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1392 {
1393   if (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (t) || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t))
1394     pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1395   else if (POINTER_TYPE_P (t))
1396     {
1397       if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t)) == ARRAY_TYPE
1398           || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t)) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
1399         pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1400       t = TREE_TYPE (t);
1401     }
1402   pp_cxx_direct_abstract_declarator (pp, t);
1403 }
1404
1405 /* direct-abstract-declarator:
1406       direct-abstract-declarator(opt) ( parameter-declaration-clause )
1407                            cv-qualifier-seq(opt) exception-specification(opt)
1408       direct-abstract-declarator(opt) [ constant-expression(opt) ]
1409       ( abstract-declarator )  */
1410
1411 static void
1412 pp_cxx_direct_abstract_declarator (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1413 {
1414   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1415     {
1416     case REFERENCE_TYPE:
1417       pp_cxx_abstract_declarator (pp, t);
1418       break;
1419
1420     case RECORD_TYPE:
1421       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t))
1422         pp_cxx_direct_abstract_declarator (pp, TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t));
1423       break;
1424
1425     case METHOD_TYPE:
1426     case FUNCTION_TYPE:
1427       pp_cxx_parameter_declaration_clause (pp, t);
1428       pp_cxx_direct_abstract_declarator (pp, TREE_TYPE (t));
1429       if (TREE_CODE (t) == METHOD_TYPE)
1430         {
1431           pp_base (pp)->padding = pp_before;
1432           pp_cxx_cv_qualifier_seq
1433             (pp, TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t))));
1434         }
1435       pp_cxx_exception_specification (pp, t);
1436       break;
1437
1438     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
1439     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
1440     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
1441     case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
1442     case UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE:
1443       break;
1444
1445     default:
1446       pp_c_direct_abstract_declarator (pp_c_base (pp), t);
1447       break;
1448     }
1449 }
1450
1451 /* type-id:
1452      type-specifier-seq abstract-declarator(opt) */
1453
1454 static void
1455 pp_cxx_type_id (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1456 {
1457   pp_flags saved_flags = pp_c_base (pp)->flags;
1458   pp_c_base (pp)->flags |= pp_c_flag_abstract;
1459
1460   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1461     {
1462     case TYPE_DECL:
1463     case UNION_TYPE:
1464     case RECORD_TYPE:
1465     case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
1466     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
1467     case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
1468     case UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE:
1469     case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
1470     case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
1471     case TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX:
1472     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
1473     case TYPEOF_TYPE:
1474     case TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR:
1475       pp_cxx_type_specifier_seq (pp, t);
1476       break;
1477
1478     default:
1479       pp_c_type_id (pp_c_base (pp), t);
1480       break;
1481     }
1482
1483   pp_c_base (pp)->flags = saved_flags;
1484 }
1485
1486 /* template-argument-list:
1487       template-argument
1488       template-argument-list, template-argument
1489
1490    template-argument:
1491       assignment-expression
1492       type-id
1493       template-name   */
1494
1495 static void
1496 pp_cxx_template_argument_list (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1497 {
1498   int i;
1499   if (t == NULL)
1500     return;
1501   for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (t); ++i)
1502     {
1503       tree arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (t, i);
1504       if (i != 0)
1505         pp_cxx_separate_with (pp, ',');
1506       if (TYPE_P (arg) || (TREE_CODE (arg) == TEMPLATE_DECL
1507                            && TYPE_P (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (arg))))
1508         pp_cxx_type_id (pp, arg);
1509       else
1510         pp_cxx_expression (pp, arg);
1511     }
1512 }
1513
1514
1515 static void
1516 pp_cxx_exception_declaration (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1517 {
1518   t = DECL_EXPR_DECL (t);
1519   pp_cxx_type_specifier_seq (pp, t);
1520   if (TYPE_P (t))
1521     pp_cxx_abstract_declarator (pp, t);
1522   else
1523     pp_cxx_declarator (pp, t);
1524 }
1525
1526 /* Statements.  */
1527
1528 static void
1529 pp_cxx_statement (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1530 {
1531   switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1532     {
1533     case CTOR_INITIALIZER:
1534       pp_cxx_ctor_initializer (pp, t);
1535       break;
1536
1537     case USING_STMT:
1538       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "using");
1539       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "namespace");
1540       if (DECL_CONTEXT (t))
1541         pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, DECL_CONTEXT (t));
1542       pp_cxx_qualified_id (pp, USING_STMT_NAMESPACE (t));
1543       break;
1544
1545     case USING_DECL:
1546       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "using");
1547       pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, USING_DECL_SCOPE (t));
1548       pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, DECL_NAME (t));
1549       break;
1550
1551     case EH_SPEC_BLOCK:
1552       break;
1553
1554       /* try-block:
1555             try compound-statement handler-seq  */
1556     case TRY_BLOCK:
1557       pp_maybe_newline_and_indent (pp, 0);
1558       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "try");
1559       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 3);
1560       pp_cxx_statement (pp, TRY_STMTS (t));
1561       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, -3);
1562       if (CLEANUP_P (t))
1563         ;
1564       else
1565         pp_cxx_statement (pp, TRY_HANDLERS (t));
1566       break;
1567
1568       /*
1569          handler-seq:
1570             handler handler-seq(opt)
1571
1572          handler:
1573          catch ( exception-declaration ) compound-statement
1574
1575          exception-declaration:
1576             type-specifier-seq declarator
1577             type-specifier-seq abstract-declarator
1578             ...   */
1579     case HANDLER:
1580       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "catch");
1581       pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1582       pp_cxx_exception_declaration (pp, HANDLER_PARMS (t));
1583       pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1584       pp_indentation (pp) += 3;
1585       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1586       pp_cxx_statement (pp, HANDLER_BODY (t));
1587       pp_indentation (pp) -= 3;
1588       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1589       break;
1590
1591       /* selection-statement:
1592             if ( expression ) statement
1593             if ( expression ) statement else statement  */
1594     case IF_STMT:
1595       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "if");
1596       pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1597       pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1598       pp_cxx_expression (pp, IF_COND (t));
1599       pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1600       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 2);
1601       pp_cxx_statement (pp, THEN_CLAUSE (t));
1602       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, -2);
1603       if (ELSE_CLAUSE (t))
1604         {
1605           tree else_clause = ELSE_CLAUSE (t);
1606           pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "else");
1607           if (TREE_CODE (else_clause) == IF_STMT)
1608             pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1609           else
1610             pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 2);
1611           pp_cxx_statement (pp, else_clause);
1612           if (TREE_CODE (else_clause) != IF_STMT)
1613             pp_newline_and_indent (pp, -2);
1614         }
1615       break;
1616
1617     case SWITCH_STMT:
1618       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "switch");
1619       pp_space (pp);
1620       pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1621       pp_cxx_expression (pp, SWITCH_STMT_COND (t));
1622       pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1623       pp_indentation (pp) += 3;
1624       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1625       pp_cxx_statement (pp, SWITCH_STMT_BODY (t));
1626       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, -3);
1627       break;
1628
1629       /* iteration-statement:
1630             while ( expression ) statement
1631             do statement while ( expression ) ;
1632             for ( expression(opt) ; expression(opt) ; expression(opt) ) statement
1633             for ( declaration expression(opt) ; expression(opt) ) statement  */
1634     case WHILE_STMT:
1635       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "while");
1636       pp_space (pp);
1637       pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1638       pp_cxx_expression (pp, WHILE_COND (t));
1639       pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1640       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 3);
1641       pp_cxx_statement (pp, WHILE_BODY (t));
1642       pp_indentation (pp) -= 3;
1643       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1644       break;
1645
1646     case DO_STMT:
1647       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "do");
1648       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 3);
1649       pp_cxx_statement (pp, DO_BODY (t));
1650       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, -3);
1651       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "while");
1652       pp_space (pp);
1653       pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1654       pp_cxx_expression (pp, DO_COND (t));
1655       pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1656       pp_cxx_semicolon (pp);
1657       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1658       break;
1659
1660     case FOR_STMT:
1661       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "for");
1662       pp_space (pp);
1663       pp_cxx_left_paren (pp);
1664       if (FOR_INIT_STMT (t))
1665         pp_cxx_statement (pp, FOR_INIT_STMT (t));
1666       else
1667         pp_cxx_semicolon (pp);
1668       pp_needs_newline (pp) = false;
1669       pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1670       if (FOR_COND (t))
1671         pp_cxx_expression (pp, FOR_COND (t));
1672       pp_cxx_semicolon (pp);
1673       pp_needs_newline (pp) = false;
1674       pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1675       if (FOR_EXPR (t))
1676         pp_cxx_expression (pp, FOR_EXPR (t));
1677       pp_cxx_right_paren (pp);
1678       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 3);
1679       pp_cxx_statement (pp, FOR_BODY (t));
1680       pp_indentation (pp) -= 3;
1681       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1682       break;
1683
1684       /* jump-statement:
1685             goto identifier;
1686             continue ;
1687             return expression(opt) ;  */
1688     case BREAK_STMT:
1689     case CONTINUE_STMT:
1690       pp_identifier (pp, TREE_CODE (t) == BREAK_STMT ? "break" : "continue");
1691       pp_cxx_semicolon (pp);
1692       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1693       break;
1694
1695       /* expression-statement:
1696             expression(opt) ;  */
1697     case EXPR_STMT:
1698       pp_cxx_expression (pp, EXPR_STMT_EXPR (t));
1699       pp_cxx_semicolon (pp);
1700       pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1701       break;
1702
1703     case CLEANUP_STMT:
1704       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "try");
1705       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 2);
1706       pp_cxx_statement (pp, CLEANUP_BODY (t));
1707       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, -2);
1708       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, CLEANUP_EH_ONLY (t) ? "catch" : "finally");
1709       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 2);
1710       pp_cxx_statement (pp, CLEANUP_EXPR (t));
1711       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, -2);
1712       break;
1713
1714     default:
1715       pp_c_statement (pp_c_base (pp), t);
1716       break;
1717     }
1718 }
1719
1720 /* original-namespace-definition:
1721       namespace identifier { namespace-body }
1722
1723   As an edge case, we also handle unnamed namespace definition here.  */
1724
1725 static void
1726 pp_cxx_original_namespace_definition (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1727 {
1728   pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "namespace");
1729   if (DECL_CONTEXT (t))
1730     pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, DECL_CONTEXT (t));
1731   if (DECL_NAME (t))
1732     pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, t);
1733   pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1734   pp_cxx_left_brace (pp);
1735   /* We do not print the namespace-body.  */
1736   pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1737   pp_cxx_right_brace (pp);
1738 }
1739
1740 /* namespace-alias:
1741       identifier
1742
1743    namespace-alias-definition:
1744       namespace identifier = qualified-namespace-specifier ;
1745
1746    qualified-namespace-specifier:
1747       ::(opt) nested-name-specifier(opt) namespace-name   */
1748
1749 static void
1750 pp_cxx_namespace_alias_definition (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1751 {
1752   pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "namespace");
1753   if (DECL_CONTEXT (t))
1754     pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp, DECL_CONTEXT (t));
1755   pp_cxx_unqualified_id (pp, t);
1756   pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1757   pp_equal (pp);
1758   pp_cxx_whitespace (pp);
1759   if (DECL_CONTEXT (DECL_NAMESPACE_ALIAS (t)))
1760     pp_cxx_nested_name_specifier (pp,
1761                                   DECL_CONTEXT (DECL_NAMESPACE_ALIAS (t)));
1762   pp_cxx_qualified_id (pp, DECL_NAMESPACE_ALIAS (t));
1763   pp_cxx_semicolon (pp);
1764 }
1765
1766 /* simple-declaration:
1767       decl-specifier-seq(opt) init-declarator-list(opt)  */
1768
1769 static void
1770 pp_cxx_simple_declaration (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1771 {
1772   pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq (pp, t);
1773   pp_cxx_init_declarator (pp, t);
1774   pp_cxx_semicolon (pp);
1775   pp_needs_newline (pp) = true;
1776 }
1777
1778 /*
1779   template-parameter-list:
1780      template-parameter
1781      template-parameter-list , template-parameter  */
1782
1783 static inline void
1784 pp_cxx_template_parameter_list (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1785 {
1786   const int n = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (t);
1787   int i;
1788   for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
1789     {
1790       if (i)
1791         pp_cxx_separate_with (pp, ',');
1792       pp_cxx_template_parameter (pp, TREE_VEC_ELT (t, i));
1793     }
1794 }
1795
1796 /* template-parameter:
1797       type-parameter
1798       parameter-declaration
1799
1800    type-parameter:
1801      class identifier(opt)
1802      class identifier(op) = type-id
1803      typename identifier(opt)
1804      typename identifier(opt) = type-id
1805      template < template-parameter-list > class identifier(opt)
1806      template < template-parameter-list > class identifier(opt) = template-name
1807 */
1808
1809 static void
1810 pp_cxx_template_parameter (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1811 {
1812   tree parameter =  TREE_VALUE (t);
1813   switch (TREE_CODE (parameter))
1814     {
1815     case TYPE_DECL:
1816       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "class");
1817       if (DECL_NAME (parameter))
1818         pp_cxx_tree_identifier (pp, DECL_NAME (parameter));
1819       /* FIXME: Chech if we should print also default argument.  */
1820       break;
1821
1822     case PARM_DECL:
1823       pp_cxx_parameter_declaration (pp, parameter);
1824       break;
1825
1826     case TEMPLATE_DECL:
1827       break;
1828
1829     default:
1830       pp_unsupported_tree (pp, t);
1831       break;
1832     }
1833 }
1834
1835 /* Pretty-print a template parameter in the canonical form
1836    "template-parameter-<level>-<position in parameter list>".  */
1837
1838 void
1839 pp_cxx_canonical_template_parameter (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree parm)
1840 {
1841   const enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (parm);
1842
1843   /* Brings type template parameters to the canonical forms.  */
1844   if (code == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM || code == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
1845       || code == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
1846     parm = TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM_INDEX (parm);
1847
1848   pp_cxx_begin_template_argument_list (pp);
1849   pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "template-parameter-");
1850   pp_wide_integer (pp, TEMPLATE_PARM_LEVEL (parm));
1851   pp_minus (pp);
1852   pp_wide_integer (pp, TEMPLATE_PARM_IDX (parm) + 1);
1853   pp_cxx_end_template_argument_list (pp);
1854 }
1855
1856 /*
1857   template-declaration:
1858      export(opt) template < template-parameter-list > declaration   */
1859
1860 static void
1861 pp_cxx_template_declaration (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1862 {
1863   tree tmpl = most_general_template (t);
1864   tree level;
1865   int i = 0;
1866
1867   pp_maybe_newline_and_indent (pp, 0);
1868   for (level = DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl); level; level = TREE_CHAIN (level))
1869     {
1870       pp_cxx_identifier (pp, "template");
1871       pp_cxx_begin_template_argument_list (pp);
1872       pp_cxx_template_parameter_list (pp, TREE_VALUE (level));
1873       pp_cxx_end_template_argument_list (pp);
1874       pp_newline_and_indent (pp, 3);
1875       i += 3;
1876     }
1877   if (TREE_CODE (t) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_SAVED_TREE (t))
1878     pp_cxx_function_definition (pp, t);
1879   else
1880     pp_cxx_simple_declaration (pp, t);
1881 }
1882
1883 static void
1884 pp_cxx_explicit_specialization (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1885 {
1886   pp_unsupported_tree (pp, t);
1887 }
1888
1889 static void
1890 pp_cxx_explicit_instantiation (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1891 {
1892   pp_unsupported_tree (pp, t);
1893 }
1894
1895 /*
1896     declaration:
1897        block-declaration
1898        function-definition
1899        template-declaration
1900        explicit-instantiation
1901        explicit-specialization
1902        linkage-specification
1903        namespace-definition
1904
1905     block-declaration:
1906        simple-declaration
1907        asm-definition
1908        namespace-alias-definition
1909        using-declaration
1910        using-directive  */
1911 void
1912 pp_cxx_declaration (cxx_pretty_printer *pp, tree t)
1913 {
1914   if (!DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (t))
1915     pp_cxx_simple_declaration (pp, t);
1916   else if (DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (t))
1917     switch (DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (t))
1918       {
1919       case 1:
1920         pp_cxx_template_declaration (pp, t);
1921         break;
1922
1923       case 2:
1924         pp_cxx_explicit_specialization (pp, t);
1925         break;
1926
1927       case 3:
1928         pp_cxx_explicit_instantiation (pp, t);
1929         break;
1930
1931       default:
1932         break;
1933       }
1934   else switch (TREE_CODE (t))
1935     {
1936     case VAR_DECL:
1937     case TYPE_DECL:
1938       pp_cxx_simple_declaration (pp, t);
1939       break;
1940
1941     case FUNCTION_DECL:
1942       if (DECL_SAVED_TREE (t))
1943         pp_cxx_function_definition (pp, t);
1944       else
1945         pp_cxx_simple_declaration (pp, t);
1946       break;
1947
1948     case NAMESPACE_DECL:
1949       if (DECL_NAMESPACE_ALIAS (t))
1950         pp_cxx_namespace_alias_definition (pp, t);
1951       else
1952         pp_cxx_original_namespace_definition (pp, t);
1953       break;
1954
1955     default:
1956       pp_unsupported_tree (pp, t);
1957       break;
1958     }
1959 }
1960
1961 \f
1962 typedef c_pretty_print_fn pp_fun;
1963
1964 /* Initialization of a C++ pretty-printer object.  */
1965
1966 void
1967 pp_cxx_pretty_printer_init (cxx_pretty_printer *pp)
1968 {
1969   pp_c_pretty_printer_init (pp_c_base (pp));
1970   pp_set_line_maximum_length (pp, 0);
1971
1972   pp->c_base.declaration = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_declaration;
1973   pp->c_base.declaration_specifiers = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_decl_specifier_seq;
1974   pp->c_base.function_specifier = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_function_specifier;
1975   pp->c_base.type_specifier_seq = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_type_specifier_seq;
1976   pp->c_base.declarator = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_declarator;
1977   pp->c_base.direct_declarator = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_direct_declarator;
1978   pp->c_base.parameter_list = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_parameter_declaration_clause;
1979   pp->c_base.type_id = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_type_id;
1980   pp->c_base.abstract_declarator = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_abstract_declarator;
1981   pp->c_base.direct_abstract_declarator =
1982     (pp_fun) pp_cxx_direct_abstract_declarator;
1983   pp->c_base.simple_type_specifier = (pp_fun)pp_cxx_simple_type_specifier;
1984
1985   /* pp->c_base.statement = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_statement;  */
1986
1987   pp->c_base.constant = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_constant;
1988   pp->c_base.id_expression = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_id_expression;
1989   pp->c_base.primary_expression = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_primary_expression;
1990   pp->c_base.postfix_expression = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_postfix_expression;
1991   pp->c_base.unary_expression = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_unary_expression;
1992   pp->c_base.multiplicative_expression = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_multiplicative_expression;
1993   pp->c_base.conditional_expression = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_conditional_expression;
1994   pp->c_base.assignment_expression = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_assignment_expression;
1995   pp->c_base.expression = (pp_fun) pp_cxx_expression;
1996   pp->enclosing_scope = global_namespace;
1997 }