6 0.1. Notices and Acknowledgements
11 1.1.2. Dictionary Size
12 1.1.3. Uncompressed Size
13 1.2. LZMA Compressed Data
19 This document describes the .lzma file format, which is
20 sometimes also called LZMA_Alone format. It is a legacy file
21 format, which is being or has been replaced by the .xz format.
22 The MIME type of the .lzma format is `application/x-lzma'.
24 The most commonly used software to handle .lzma files are
25 LZMA SDK, LZMA Utils, 7-Zip, and XZ Utils. This document
26 describes some of the differences between these implementations
27 and gives hints what subset of the .lzma format is the most
31 0.1. Notices and Acknowledgements
33 This file format was designed by Igor Pavlov for use in
34 LZMA SDK. This document was written by Lasse Collin
35 <lasse.collin@tukaani.org> using the documentation found
38 This document has been put into the public domain.
43 Last modified: 2024-01-16 18:00+0800
45 Compared to the previous version (2022-07-13 21:00+0300)
46 the section 2 was modified to change links from http to
47 https and to update XZ links.
52 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+==========================+
53 | Header | LZMA Compressed Data |
54 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+==========================+
56 The .lzma format file consist of 13-byte Header followed by
57 the LZMA Compressed Data.
59 Unlike the .gz, .bz2, and .xz formats, it is not possible to
60 concatenate multiple .lzma files as is and expect the
61 decompression tool to decode the resulting file as if it were
64 For example, the command line tools from LZMA Utils and
65 LZMA SDK silently ignore all the data after the first .lzma
66 stream. In contrast, the command line tool from XZ Utils
67 considers the .lzma file to be corrupt if there is data after
68 the first .lzma stream.
73 +------------+----+----+----+----+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
74 | Properties | Dictionary Size | Uncompressed Size |
75 +------------+----+----+----+----+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
80 The Properties field contains three properties. An abbreviation
81 is given in parentheses, followed by the value range of the
82 property. The field consists of
84 1) the number of literal context bits (lc, [0, 8]);
85 2) the number of literal position bits (lp, [0, 4]); and
86 3) the number of position bits (pb, [0, 4]).
88 The properties are encoded using the following formula:
90 Properties = (pb * 5 + lp) * 9 + lc
92 The following C code illustrates a straightforward way to
93 decode the Properties field:
96 uint8_t prop = get_lzma_properties();
97 if (prop > (4 * 5 + 4) * 9 + 8)
98 return LZMA_PROPERTIES_ERROR;
105 XZ Utils has an additional requirement: lc + lp <= 4. Files
106 which don't follow this requirement cannot be decompressed
107 with XZ Utils. Usually this isn't a problem since the most
108 common lc/lp/pb values are 3/0/2. It is the only lc/lp/pb
109 combination that the files created by LZMA Utils can have,
110 but LZMA Utils can decompress files with any lc/lp/pb.
113 1.1.2. Dictionary Size
115 Dictionary Size is stored as an unsigned 32-bit little endian
116 integer. Any 32-bit value is possible, but for maximum
117 portability, only sizes of 2^n and 2^n + 2^(n-1) should be
120 LZMA Utils creates only files with dictionary size 2^n,
121 16 <= n <= 25. LZMA Utils can decompress files with any
124 XZ Utils creates and decompresses .lzma files only with
125 dictionary sizes 2^n and 2^n + 2^(n-1). If some other
126 dictionary size is specified when compressing, the value
127 stored in the Dictionary Size field is a rounded up, but the
128 specified value is still used in the actual compression code.
131 1.1.3. Uncompressed Size
133 Uncompressed Size is stored as unsigned 64-bit little endian
134 integer. A special value of 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF indicates
135 that Uncompressed Size is unknown. End of Payload Marker (*)
136 is used if Uncompressed Size is unknown. End of Payload Marker
137 is allowed but rarely used if Uncompressed Size is known.
138 XZ Utils 5.2.5 and older don't support .lzma files that have
139 End of Payload Marker together with a known Uncompressed Size.
141 XZ Utils rejects files whose Uncompressed Size field specifies
142 a known size that is 256 GiB or more. This is to reject false
143 positives when trying to guess if the input file is in the
144 .lzma format. When Uncompressed Size is unknown, there is no
145 limit for the uncompressed size of the file.
147 (*) Some tools use the term End of Stream (EOS) marker
148 instead of End of Payload Marker.
151 1.2. LZMA Compressed Data
153 Detailed description of the format of this field is out of
154 scope of this document.
159 LZMA SDK - The original LZMA implementation
160 https://7-zip.org/sdk.html
165 LZMA Utils - LZMA adapted to POSIX-like systems
166 https://tukaani.org/lzma/
168 XZ Utils - The next generation of LZMA Utils
169 https://xz.tukaani.org/xz-utils/
171 The .xz file format - The successor of the .lzma format
172 https://xz.tukaani.org/format/xz-file-format.txt