dlls/winedos/ioports.c

   1 /*
   2  * Emulation of processor ioports.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright 1995 Morten Welinder
   5  * Copyright 1998 Andreas Mohr, Ove Kaaven
   6  *
   7  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   9  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  10  * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  11  *
  12  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  15  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  18  * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  19  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
  20  */
  21
  22 /* Known problems:
  23    - only a few ports are emulated.
  24    - real-time clock in "cmos" is bogus.  A nifty alarm() setup could
  25      fix that, I guess.
  26 */
  27
  28 #include "config.h"
  29
  30 #include <stdarg.h>
  31 #include <stdlib.h>
  32
  33 #include "windef.h"
  34 #include "winbase.h"
  35 #include "winnls.h"
  36 #include "winreg.h"
  37 #include "winternl.h"
  38 #include "dosexe.h"
  39 #include "vga.h"
  40 #include "wine/unicode.h"
  41 #include "wine/debug.h"
  42
  43 WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(int);
  44
  45 #if defined(linux) && defined(__i386__)
  46 # define DIRECT_IO_ACCESS
  47 #else
  48 # undef DIRECT_IO_ACCESS
  49 #endif  /* linux && __i386__ */
  50
  51 static struct {
  52     WORD        countmax;
  53     BOOL16      byte_toggle; /* if TRUE, then hi byte has already been written */
  54     WORD        latch;
  55     BOOL16      latched;
  56     BYTE        ctrlbyte_ch;
  57     WORD        oldval;
  58 } tmr_8253[3] = {
  59     {0xFFFF,    FALSE,  0,      FALSE,  0x36,   0},
  60     {0x0012,    FALSE,  0,      FALSE,  0x74,   0},
  61     {0x0001,    FALSE,  0,      FALSE,  0xB6,   0},
  62 };
  63
  64 static int dummy_ctr = 0;
  65
  66 static BYTE parport_8255[4] = {0x4f, 0x20, 0xff, 0xff};
  67
  68 static BYTE cmosaddress;
  69
  70 /* if you change anything here, use IO_FixCMOSCheckSum below to compute
  71  * the checksum and put the right values in.
  72  */
  73 static BYTE cmosimage[64] =
  74 {
  75   0x27, 0x34, 0x31, 0x47, 0x16, 0x15, 0x00, 0x01,
  76   0x04, 0x94, 0x26, 0x02, 0x50, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00,
  77   0x40, 0xb1, 0x00, 0x9c, 0x01, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00,
  78   0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0xad, 0x02, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,
  79   0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  80   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x03, 0x19,  /* last 2 bytes are checksum */
  81   0x00, 0x1c, 0x19, 0x81, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x80,
  82   0x1b, 0x7b, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x5f
  83 };
  84
  85 #if 0
  86 static void IO_FixCMOSCheckSum(void)
  87 {
  88         WORD sum = 0;
  89         int i;
  90
  91         for (i=0x10; i < 0x2d; i++)
  92                 sum += cmosimage[i];
  93         cmosimage[0x2e] = sum >> 8; /* yes, this IS hi byte !! */
  94         cmosimage[0x2f] = sum & 0xff;
  95         MESSAGE("calculated hi %02x, lo %02x\n", cmosimage[0x2e], cmosimage[0x2f]);
  96 }
  97 #endif
  98
  99 #ifdef DIRECT_IO_ACCESS
 100
 101 extern int iopl(int level);
 102 static char do_direct_port_access = -1;
 103 static char port_permissions[0x10000];
 104
 105 #define IO_READ  1
 106 #define IO_WRITE 2
 107
 108 #endif  /* DIRECT_IO_ACCESS */
 109
 110 #ifdef HAVE_PPDEV
 111 static int do_pp_port_access = -1; /* -1: uninitialized, 1: not available
 112                                        0: available);*/
 113 #endif
 114
 115 static void set_timer_maxval(unsigned timer, unsigned maxval)
 116 {
 117     switch (timer) {
 118         case 0: /* System timer counter divisor */
 119             DOSVM_SetTimer(maxval);
 120             break;
 121         case 1: /* RAM refresh */
 122             FIXME("RAM refresh counter handling not implemented !\n");
 123             break;
 124         case 2: /* cassette & speaker */
 125             /* speaker on ? */
 126             if ((parport_8255[1] & 3) == 3)
 127             {
 128                 TRACE("Beep (freq: %d) !\n", 1193180 / maxval );
 129                 Beep(1193180 / maxval, 20);
 130             }
 131             break;
 132     }
 133 }
 134
 135
 136 /**********************************************************************
 137  *          IO_port_init
 138  */
 139
 140 /* set_IO_permissions(int val1, int val)
 141  * Helper function for IO_port_init
 142  */
 143 #ifdef DIRECT_IO_ACCESS
 144 static void set_IO_permissions(int val1, int val, char rw)
 145 {
 146         int j;
 147         if (val1 != -1) {
 148                 if (val == -1) val = 0x3ff;
 149                 for (j = val1; j <= val; j++)
 150                         port_permissions[j] |= rw;
 151
 152                 do_direct_port_access = 1;
 153
 154                 val1 = -1;
 155         } else if (val != -1) {
 156                 do_direct_port_access = 1;
 157
 158                 port_permissions[val] |= rw;
 159         }
 160
 161 }
 162
 163 /* do_IO_port_init_read_or_write(char* temp, char rw)
 164  * Helper function for IO_port_init
 165  */
 166
 167 static void do_IO_port_init_read_or_write(const WCHAR *str, char rw)
 168 {
 169     int val, val1;
 170     unsigned int i;
 171     WCHAR *end;
 172     static const WCHAR allW[] = {'a','l','l',0};
 173
 174     if (!strcmpiW(str, allW))
 175     {
 176         for (i=0; i < sizeof(port_permissions); i++)
 177             port_permissions[i] |= rw;
 178     }
 179     else
 180     {
 181         val = -1;
 182         val1 = -1;
 183         while (*str)
 184         {
 185             switch(*str)
 186             {
 187             case ',':
 188             case ' ':
 189             case '\t':
 190                 set_IO_permissions(val1, val, rw);
 191                 val1 = -1;
 192                 val = -1;
 193                 str++;
 194                 break;
 195             case '-':
 196                 val1 = val;
 197                 if (val1 == -1) val1 = 0;
 198                 str++;
 199                 break;
 200             default:
 201                 if (isdigitW(*str))
 202                 {
 203                     val = strtoulW( str, &end, 0 );
 204                     if (end == str)
 205                     {
 206                         val = -1;
 207                         str++;
 208                     }
 209                     else str = end;
 210                 }
 211                 break;
 212             }
 213         }
 214         set_IO_permissions(val1, val, rw);
 215     }
 216 }
 217
 218 static inline BYTE inb( WORD port )
 219 {
 220     BYTE b;
 221     __asm__ __volatile__( "inb %w1,%0" : "=a" (b) : "d" (port) );
 222     return b;
 223 }
 224
 225 static inline WORD inw( WORD port )
 226 {
 227     WORD w;
 228     __asm__ __volatile__( "inw %w1,%0" : "=a" (w) : "d" (port) );
 229     return w;
 230 }
 231
 232 static inline DWORD inl( WORD port )
 233 {
 234     DWORD dw;
 235     __asm__ __volatile__( "inl %w1,%0" : "=a" (dw) : "d" (port) );
 236     return dw;
 237 }
 238
 239 static inline void outb( BYTE value, WORD port )
 240 {
 241     __asm__ __volatile__( "outb %b0,%w1" : : "a" (value), "d" (port) );
 242 }
 243
 244 static inline void outw( WORD value, WORD port )
 245 {
 246     __asm__ __volatile__( "outw %w0,%w1" : : "a" (value), "d" (port) );
 247 }
 248
 249 static inline void outl( DWORD value, WORD port )
 250 {
 251     __asm__ __volatile__( "outl %0,%w1" : : "a" (value), "d" (port) );
 252 }
 253
 254 static void IO_port_init(void)
 255 {
 256     char tmp[1024];
 257     HANDLE root, hkey;
 258     DWORD dummy;
 259     OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES attr;
 260     UNICODE_STRING nameW;
 261
 262     static const WCHAR portsW[] = {'S','o','f','t','w','a','r','e','\\',
 263                                    'W','i','n','e','\\','V','D','M','\\','P','o','r','t','s',0};
 264     static const WCHAR readW[] = {'r','e','a','d',0};
 265     static const WCHAR writeW[] = {'w','r','i','t','e',0};
 266
 267     do_direct_port_access = 0;
 268     /* Can we do that? */
 269     if (!iopl(3))
 270     {
 271         iopl(0);
 272
 273         RtlOpenCurrentUser( KEY_ALL_ACCESS, &root );
 274         attr.Length = sizeof(attr);
 275         attr.RootDirectory = root;
 276         attr.ObjectName = &nameW;
 277         attr.Attributes = 0;
 278         attr.SecurityDescriptor = NULL;
 279         attr.SecurityQualityOfService = NULL;
 280         RtlInitUnicodeString( &nameW, portsW );
 281
 282         /* @@ Wine registry key: HKCU\Software\Wine\VDM\Ports */
 283         if (!NtOpenKey( &hkey, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, &attr ))
 284         {
 285             RtlInitUnicodeString( &nameW, readW );
 286             if (!NtQueryValueKey( hkey, &nameW, KeyValuePartialInformation, tmp, sizeof(tmp), &dummy ))
 287             {
 288                 WCHAR *str = (WCHAR *)((KEY_VALUE_PARTIAL_INFORMATION *)tmp)->Data;
 289                 do_IO_port_init_read_or_write(str, IO_READ);
 290             }
 291             RtlInitUnicodeString( &nameW, writeW );
 292             if (!NtQueryValueKey( hkey, &nameW, KeyValuePartialInformation, tmp, sizeof(tmp), &dummy ))
 293             {
 294                 WCHAR *str = (WCHAR *)((KEY_VALUE_PARTIAL_INFORMATION *)tmp)->Data;
 295                 do_IO_port_init_read_or_write(str, IO_WRITE);
 296             }
 297             NtClose( hkey );
 298         }
 299         NtClose( root );
 300     }
 301 }
 302
 303 #endif  /* DIRECT_IO_ACCESS */
 304
 305
 306 /**********************************************************************
 307  *          inport   (WINEDOS.@)
 308  *
 309  * Note: The size argument has to be handled correctly _externally_
 310  * (as we always return a DWORD)
 311  */
 312 DWORD WINAPI DOSVM_inport( int port, int size )
 313 {
 314     DWORD res = ~0U;
 315
 316     TRACE("%d-byte value from port 0x%04x\n", size, port );
 317
 318 #ifdef HAVE_PPDEV
 319     if (do_pp_port_access == -1) do_pp_port_access =IO_pp_init();
 320     if ((do_pp_port_access == 0 ) && (size == 1))
 321     {
 322         if (!IO_pp_inp(port,&res)) return res;
 323     }
 324 #endif
 325
 326 #ifdef DIRECT_IO_ACCESS
 327     if (do_direct_port_access == -1) IO_port_init();
 328     if ((do_direct_port_access)
 329         /* Make sure we have access to the port */
 330         && (port_permissions[port] & IO_READ))
 331     {
 332         iopl(3);
 333         switch(size)
 334         {
 335         case 1: res = inb( port ); break;
 336         case 2: res = inw( port ); break;
 337         case 4: res = inl( port ); break;
 338         }
 339         iopl(0);
 340         return res;
 341     }
 342 #endif
 343
 344     switch (port)
 345     {
 346     case 0x40:
 347     case 0x41:
 348     case 0x42:
 349         {
 350             BYTE chan = port & 3;
 351             WORD tempval = 0;
 352             if (tmr_8253[chan].latched)
 353                 tempval = tmr_8253[chan].latch;
 354             else
 355             {
 356                 dummy_ctr -= 1 + (int)(10.0 * rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0));
 357                 if (chan == 0) /* System timer counter divisor */
 358                 {
 359                     /* FIXME: DOSVM_GetTimer() returns quite rigid values */
 360                     tempval = dummy_ctr + (WORD)DOSVM_GetTimer();
 361                 }
 362                 else
 363                 {
 364                     /* FIXME: intelligent hardware timer emulation needed */
 365                     tempval = dummy_ctr;
 366                 }
 367             }
 368
 369             switch ((tmr_8253[chan].ctrlbyte_ch & 0x30) >> 4)
 370             {
 371             case 0:
 372                 res = 0; /* shouldn't happen? */
 373                 break;
 374             case 1: /* read lo byte */
 375                 res = (BYTE)tempval;
 376                 tmr_8253[chan].latched = FALSE;
 377                 break;
 378             case 3: /* read lo byte, then hi byte */
 379                 tmr_8253[chan].byte_toggle ^= 1; /* toggle */
 380                 if (tmr_8253[chan].byte_toggle)
 381                 {
 382                     res = (BYTE)tempval;
 383                     break;
 384                 }
 385                 /* else [fall through if read hi byte !] */
 386             case 2: /* read hi byte */
 387                 res = (BYTE)(tempval >> 8);
 388                 tmr_8253[chan].latched = FALSE;
 389                 break;
 390             }
 391         }
 392         break;
 393     case 0x60:
 394         res = DOSVM_Int09ReadScan(NULL);
 395         break;
 396     case 0x61:
 397         res = (DWORD)parport_8255[1];
 398         break;
 399     case 0x62:
 400         res = (DWORD)parport_8255[2];
 401         break;
 402     case 0x70:
 403         res = (DWORD)cmosaddress;
 404         break;
 405     case 0x71:
 406         res = (DWORD)cmosimage[cmosaddress & 0x3f];
 407         break;
 408     case 0x200:
 409     case 0x201:
 410         res = ~0U; /* no joystick */
 411         break;
 412     case 0x22a:
 413     case 0x22c:
 414     case 0x22e:
 415         res = (DWORD)SB_ioport_in( port );
 416         break;
 417     case 0x3ba:
 418     case 0x3c0:
 419     case 0x3c1:
 420     case 0x3c2:
 421     case 0x3c3:
 422     case 0x3c4:
 423     case 0x3c5:
 424     case 0x3c6:
 425     case 0x3c7:
 426     case 0x3c8:
 427     case 0x3c9:
 428     case 0x3ca:
 429     case 0x3cb:
 430     case 0x3cc:
 431     case 0x3cd:
 432     case 0x3ce:
 433     case 0x3cf:
 434     case 0x3d0:
 435     case 0x3d1:
 436     case 0x3d2:
 437     case 0x3d3:
 438     case 0x3d4:
 439     case 0x3d5:
 440     case 0x3d6:
 441     case 0x3d7:
 442     case 0x3d8:
 443     case 0x3d9:
 444     case 0x3da:
 445     case 0x3db:
 446     case 0x3dc:
 447     case 0x3dd:
 448     case 0x3de:
 449     case 0x3df:
 450         if(size > 1)
 451            FIXME("Trying to read more than one byte from VGA!\n");
 452         res = (DWORD)VGA_ioport_in( port );
 453         break;
 454     case 0x00:
 455     case 0x01:
 456     case 0x02:
 457     case 0x03:
 458     case 0x04:
 459     case 0x05:
 460     case 0x06:
 461     case 0x07:
 462     case 0xC0:
 463     case 0xC2:
 464     case 0xC4:
 465     case 0xC6:
 466     case 0xC8:
 467     case 0xCA:
 468     case 0xCC:
 469     case 0xCE:
 470     case 0x87:
 471     case 0x83:
 472     case 0x81:
 473     case 0x82:
 474     case 0x8B:
 475     case 0x89:
 476     case 0x8A:
 477     case 0x487:
 478     case 0x483:
 479     case 0x481:
 480     case 0x482:
 481     case 0x48B:
 482     case 0x489:
 483     case 0x48A:
 484     case 0x08:
 485     case 0xD0:
 486     case 0x0D:
 487     case 0xDA:
 488         res = (DWORD)DMA_ioport_in( port );
 489         break;
 490     default:
 491         WARN("Direct I/O read attempted from port %x\n", port);
 492         break;
 493     }
 494     return res;
 495 }
 496
 497
 498 /**********************************************************************
 499  *          outport  (WINEDOS.@)
 500  */
 501 void WINAPI DOSVM_outport( int port, int size, DWORD value )
 502 {
 503     TRACE("IO: 0x%x (%d-byte value) to port 0x%04x\n", value, size, port );
 504
 505 #ifdef HAVE_PPDEV
 506     if (do_pp_port_access == -1) do_pp_port_access = IO_pp_init();
 507     if ((do_pp_port_access == 0) && (size == 1))
 508     {
 509         if (!IO_pp_outp(port,&value)) return;
 510     }
 511 #endif
 512
 513 #ifdef DIRECT_IO_ACCESS
 514
 515     if (do_direct_port_access == -1) IO_port_init();
 516     if ((do_direct_port_access)
 517         /* Make sure we have access to the port */
 518         && (port_permissions[port] & IO_WRITE))
 519     {
 520         iopl(3);
 521         switch(size)
 522         {
 523         case 1: outb( LOBYTE(value), port ); break;
 524         case 2: outw( LOWORD(value), port ); break;
 525         case 4: outl( value, port ); break;
 526         }
 527         iopl(0);
 528         return;
 529     }
 530 #endif
 531
 532     switch (port)
 533     {
 534     case 0x20:
 535         DOSVM_PIC_ioport_out( port, (BYTE)value );
 536         break;
 537     case 0x40:
 538     case 0x41:
 539     case 0x42:
 540         {
 541             BYTE chan = port & 3;
 542
 543             /* we need to get the oldval before any lo/hi byte change has been made */
 544             if (((tmr_8253[chan].ctrlbyte_ch & 0x30) != 0x30) ||
 545                 !tmr_8253[chan].byte_toggle)
 546                 tmr_8253[chan].oldval = tmr_8253[chan].countmax;
 547             switch ((tmr_8253[chan].ctrlbyte_ch & 0x30) >> 4)
 548             {
 549             case 0:
 550                 break; /* shouldn't happen? */
 551             case 1: /* write lo byte */
 552                 tmr_8253[chan].countmax =
 553                     (tmr_8253[chan].countmax & 0xff00) | (BYTE)value;
 554                 break;
 555             case 3: /* write lo byte, then hi byte */
 556                 tmr_8253[chan].byte_toggle ^= TRUE; /* toggle */
 557                 if (tmr_8253[chan].byte_toggle)
 558                 {
 559                     tmr_8253[chan].countmax =
 560                         (tmr_8253[chan].countmax & 0xff00) | (BYTE)value;
 561                     break;
 562                 }
 563                 /* else [fall through if write hi byte !] */
 564             case 2: /* write hi byte */
 565                 tmr_8253[chan].countmax =
 566                     (tmr_8253[chan].countmax & 0x00ff) | ((BYTE)value << 8);
 567                 break;
 568             }
 569             /* if programming is finished and value has changed
 570                then update to new value */
 571             if ((((tmr_8253[chan].ctrlbyte_ch & 0x30) != 0x30) ||
 572                  !tmr_8253[chan].byte_toggle) &&
 573                 (tmr_8253[chan].countmax != tmr_8253[chan].oldval))
 574                 set_timer_maxval(chan, tmr_8253[chan].countmax);
 575         }
 576         break;
 577     case 0x43:
 578        {
 579            BYTE chan = ((BYTE)value & 0xc0) >> 6;
 580            /* ctrl byte for specific timer channel */
 581            if (chan == 3)
 582            {
 583                FIXME("8254 timer readback not implemented yet\n");
 584                break;
 585            }
 586            switch (((BYTE)value & 0x30) >> 4)
 587            {
 588            case 0:      /* latch timer */
 589                tmr_8253[chan].latched = TRUE;
 590                dummy_ctr -= 1 + (int)(10.0 * rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0));
 591                if (chan == 0) /* System timer divisor */
 592                    tmr_8253[chan].latch = dummy_ctr + (WORD)DOSVM_GetTimer();
 593                else
 594                {
 595                    /* FIXME: intelligent hardware timer emulation needed */
 596                    tmr_8253[chan].latch = dummy_ctr;
 597                }
 598                break;
 599            case 3:      /* write lo byte, then hi byte */
 600                tmr_8253[chan].byte_toggle = FALSE; /* init */
 601                /* fall through */
 602            case 1:      /* write lo byte only */
 603            case 2:      /* write hi byte only */
 604                tmr_8253[chan].ctrlbyte_ch = (BYTE)value;
 605                break;
 606            }
 607        }
 608        break;
 609     case 0x61:
 610         parport_8255[1] = (BYTE)value;
 611         if (((parport_8255[1] & 3) == 3) && (tmr_8253[2].countmax != 1))
 612         {
 613             TRACE("Beep (freq: %d) !\n", 1193180 / tmr_8253[2].countmax);
 614             Beep(1193180 / tmr_8253[2].countmax, 20);
 615         }
 616         break;
 617     case 0x70:
 618         cmosaddress = (BYTE)value & 0x7f;
 619         break;
 620     case 0x71:
 621         cmosimage[cmosaddress & 0x3f] = (BYTE)value;
 622         break;
 623     case 0x226:
 624     case 0x22c:
 625         SB_ioport_out( port, (BYTE)value );
 626         break;
 627     case 0x3c0:
 628     case 0x3c1:
 629     case 0x3c2:
 630     case 0x3c3:
 631     case 0x3c4:
 632     case 0x3c5:
 633     case 0x3c6:
 634     case 0x3c7:
 635     case 0x3c8:
 636     case 0x3c9:
 637     case 0x3ca:
 638     case 0x3cb:
 639     case 0x3cc:
 640     case 0x3cd:
 641     case 0x3ce:
 642     case 0x3cf:
 643     case 0x3d0:
 644     case 0x3d1:
 645     case 0x3d2:
 646     case 0x3d3:
 647     case 0x3d4:
 648     case 0x3d5:
 649     case 0x3d6:
 650     case 0x3d7:
 651     case 0x3d8:
 652     case 0x3d9:
 653     case 0x3da:
 654     case 0x3db:
 655     case 0x3dc:
 656     case 0x3dd:
 657     case 0x3de:
 658     case 0x3df:
 659         VGA_ioport_out( port, LOBYTE(value) );
 660         if(size > 1) {
 661             VGA_ioport_out( port+1, HIBYTE(value) );
 662             if(size > 2) {
 663                 VGA_ioport_out( port+2, LOBYTE(HIWORD(value)) );
 664                 VGA_ioport_out( port+3, HIBYTE(HIWORD(value)) );
 665             }
 666         }
 667         break;
 668     case 0x00:
 669     case 0x01:
 670     case 0x02:
 671     case 0x03:
 672     case 0x04:
 673     case 0x05:
 674     case 0x06:
 675     case 0x07:
 676     case 0xC0:
 677     case 0xC2:
 678     case 0xC4:
 679     case 0xC6:
 680     case 0xC8:
 681     case 0xCA:
 682     case 0xCC:
 683     case 0xCE:
 684     case 0x87:
 685     case 0x83:
 686     case 0x81:
 687     case 0x82:
 688     case 0x8B:
 689     case 0x89:
 690     case 0x8A:
 691     case 0x487:
 692     case 0x483:
 693     case 0x481:
 694     case 0x482:
 695     case 0x48B:
 696     case 0x489:
 697     case 0x48A:
 698     case 0x08:
 699     case 0xD0:
 700     case 0x0B:
 701     case 0xD6:
 702     case 0x0A:
 703     case 0xD4:
 704     case 0x0F:
 705     case 0xDE:
 706     case 0x09:
 707     case 0xD2:
 708     case 0x0C:
 709     case 0xD8:
 710     case 0x0D:
 711     case 0xDA:
 712     case 0x0E:
 713     case 0xDC:
 714         DMA_ioport_out( port, (BYTE)value );
 715         break;
 716     default:
 717         WARN("Direct I/O write attempted to port %x\n", port );
 718         break;
 719     }
 720 }