documentation/fonts.sgml

   1   <sect1 id="fonts">
   2     <title>Dealing with Fonts</title>
   3
   4     <sect2 id="windows-fonts">
   5       <title>Fonts</title>
   6
   7       <para>
   8         Written by &name-alex-korobka; <email>&email-alex-korobka;</email>
   9       </para>
  10       <para>
  11         (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/fonts</filename>)
  12       </para>
  13
  14       <para>
  15         <note>
  16           <para>
  17             The <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility is included with
  18             Wine. It can be found in the <filename>tools</filename>
  19             directory. Links to the other tools mentioned in this
  20             document can be found on wine headquarters:
  21             <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/development/">http://www.winehq.com/development/</ulink>
  22           </para>
  23         </note>
  24       </para>
  25
  26       <sect3>
  27         <title>How To Convert Windows Fonts</title>
  28         <para>
  29           If you have access to a Windows installation you should use the
  30           <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility (found in the
  31           <filename>tools</filename> directory) to convert bitmap
  32           fonts (<filename>VGASYS.FON</filename>,
  33           <filename>SSERIFE.FON</filename>, and
  34           <filename>SERIFE.FON</filename>) into the format that the X
  35           Window System can recognize.
  36         </para>
  37
  38         <orderedlist>
  39           <listitem>
  40             <para>Extract bitmap fonts with <command>fnt2bdf</command>.</para>
  41           </listitem>
  42           <listitem>
  43             <para>
  44               Convert <filename>.bdf</filename> files produced by Step
  45               1 into <filename>.pcf</filename> files with
  46               <command>bdftopcf</command>.
  47             </para>
  48           </listitem>
  49           <listitem>
  50             <para>
  51               Copy <filename>.pcf</filename> files to the font server
  52               directory which is usually
  53               <filename>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc</filename> (you will
  54               probably  need superuser privileges). If you want to
  55               create a new font directory you will need to add it to
  56               the font path.
  57             </para>
  58           </listitem>
  59           <listitem>
  60             <para>
  61               Run <command>mkfontdir</command> for the directory you
  62               copied fonts to. If you are already in X you should run
  63               <command>xset fp rehash</command> to make X server aware
  64               of the new fonts. You may also or instead have to restart
  65               the font server (using e.g.
  66               <command>/etc/init.d/xfs restart</command>
  67               under RedHat 7.1)
  68             </para>
  69           </listitem>
  70           <listitem>
  71             <para>
  72               Edit the <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> file to remove
  73               aliases for the fonts you've just installed.
  74             </para>
  75           </listitem>
  76         </orderedlist>
  77         <para>
  78           Wine can get by without these fonts but 'the look and feel'
  79           may be quite different. Also, some applications try to load
  80           their custom fonts on the fly (WinWord 6.0) and since Wine
  81           does not implement this yet it instead prints out something
  82           like;
  83         </para>
  84         <screen>
  85 STUB: AddFontResource( SOMEFILE.FON )
  86         </screen>
  87         <para>
  88           You can convert this file too. Note that
  89           <filename>.FON</filename> file may not hold  any bitmap
  90           fonts and <command>fnt2bdf</command> will fail if this is
  91           the case. Also note that although the above message will not
  92           disappear Wine will work around the problem by using the
  93           font you extracted from the
  94           <filename>SOMEFILE.FON</filename>.
  95           <command>fnt2bdf</command> will only work for Windows 3.1
  96           fonts. It  will not work for TrueType fonts.
  97         </para>
  98         <para>
  99           What to do with TrueType fonts? There are several commercial
 100           font tools that can convert them to the Type1 format but the
 101           quality of the resulting fonts is far from stellar. The
 102           other way to use them is to get a font server capable of
 103           rendering  TrueType (Caldera has one, there also is the free
 104           <command>xfstt</command> in
 105           <filename>Linux/X11/fonts</filename> on sunsite and mirrors,
 106           if you're on FreeBSD you can use the port in
 107           <filename>/usr/ports/x11-servers/Xfstt</filename>.  And
 108           there is <command>xfsft</command> which uses the freetype
 109           library, see <link linkend="ttfont-server">freetype</link>
 110           description).
 111         </para>
 112         <para>
 113           However, there is a possibility of the native TrueType
 114           support via FreeType renderer in the future (hint, hint :-)
 115         </para>
 116       </sect3>
 117
 118       <sect3>
 119         <title>How To Add Font Aliases To <filename>~/.wine/config</filename></title>
 120         <para>
 121           Many Windows applications assume that fonts included in
 122           original Windows 3.1  distribution are always present. By
 123           default Wine creates a number of aliases that map them on
 124           the existing X fonts:
 125         </para>
 126
 127         <informaltable>
 128           <tgroup cols="3">
 129             <thead>
 130               <row>
 131                 <entry>Windows font</entry>
 132                 <entry>...is mapped to...</entry>
 133                 <entry>X font</entry>
 134               </row>
 135             </thead>
 136             <tbody>
 137               <row>
 138                 <entry>"MS Sans Serif"</entry>
 139                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 140                 <entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
 141               </row>
 142               <row>
 143                 <entry>"MS Serif"</entry>
 144                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 145                 <entry>"-bitstream-charter-"</entry>
 146               </row>
 147               <row>
 148                 <entry>"Times New Roman"</entry>
 149                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 150                 <entry>"-adobe-times-"</entry>
 151               </row>
 152               <row>
 153                 <entry>"Arial"</entry>
 154                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 155                 <entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
 156               </row>
 157             </tbody>
 158           </tgroup>
 159         </informaltable>
 160
 161         <para>
 162           There is no default alias for the "System" font. Also, no
 163           aliases are  created for the fonts that applications install
 164           at runtime. The recommended  way to deal with this problem
 165           is to convert the missing font (see above).  If it proves
 166           impossible, like in the case with TrueType fonts, you can
 167           force  the font mapper to choose a closely related X font by
 168           adding an alias to the  [fonts] section. Make sure that the
 169           X font actually exists (with <command>xfontsel</command>
 170           tool).
 171         </para>
 172         <screen>
 173 AliasN = [Windows font], [X font] &lt;, optional "mask X font" flag&gt;
 174         </screen>
 175         <para>
 176           Example:
 177         </para>
 178         <screen>
 179 Alias0 = System, --international-, subst
 180 Alias1 = ...
 181 ...
 182         </screen>
 183         <para>
 184           Comments:
 185         </para>
 186         <itemizedlist>
 187           <listitem>
 188             <para>
 189               There must be no gaps in the sequence <literal>{0, ...,
 190                 N}</literal> otherwise all aliases after the first gap
 191               won't be read.
 192             </para>
 193           </listitem>
 194           <listitem>
 195             <para>
 196               Usually font mapper translates X font names into font
 197               names visible to Windows programs in the following
 198               fashion:
 199             </para>
 200
 201             <informaltable>
 202               <tgroup cols="3">
 203                 <thead>
 204                   <row>
 205                     <entry>X font</entry>
 206                     <entry>...will show up as...</entry>
 207                     <entry>Extracted name</entry>
 208                   </row>
 209                 </thead>
 210                 <tbody>
 211                   <row>
 212                     <entry>--international-...</entry>
 213                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 214                     <entry>"International"</entry>
 215                   </row>
 216                   <row>
 217                     <entry>-adobe-helvetica-...</entry>
 218                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 219                     <entry>"Helvetica"</entry>
 220                   </row>
 221                   <row>
 222                     <entry>-adobe-utopia-...</entry>
 223                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 224                     <entry>"Utopia"</entry>
 225                   </row>
 226                   <row>
 227                     <entry>-misc-fixed-...</entry>
 228                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 229                     <entry>"Fixed"</entry>
 230                   </row>
 231                   <row>
 232                     <entry>-...</entry>
 233                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 234                     <entry></entry>
 235                   </row>
 236                   <row>
 237                     <entry>-sony-fixed-...</entry>
 238                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 239                     <entry>"Sony Fixed"</entry>
 240                   </row>
 241                   <row>
 242                     <entry>-...</entry>
 243                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 244                     <entry></entry>
 245                   </row>
 246                 </tbody>
 247               </tgroup>
 248             </informaltable>
 249
 250             <para>
 251               Note that since <literal>-misc-fixed-</literal> and
 252               <literal>-sony-fixed-</literal> are different fonts Wine
 253               modified the second extracted name to make sure Windows
 254               programs can distinguish them because only extracted
 255               names appear in the font selection dialogs.
 256             </para>
 257           </listitem>
 258           <listitem>
 259             <para>
 260               "Masking" alias replaces the original extracted name so
 261               that in the  example case we will have the following
 262               mapping:
 263             </para>
 264             <informaltable>
 265               <tgroup cols="3">
 266                 <thead>
 267                   <row>
 268                     <entry>X font</entry>
 269                     <entry>...is masked to...</entry>
 270                     <entry>Extracted name</entry>
 271                   </row>
 272                 </thead>
 273                 <tbody>
 274                   <row>
 275                     <entry>--international-...</entry>
 276                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 277                     <entry>"System"</entry>
 278                   </row>
 279                 </tbody>
 280               </tgroup>
 281             </informaltable>
 282             <para>
 283               "Nonmasking" aliases are transparent to the user and
 284               they do not replace extracted names.
 285             </para>
 286             <para>
 287               Wine discards an alias when it sees that the native X
 288               font is available.
 289             </para>
 290           </listitem>
 291           <listitem>
 292             <para>
 293               If you do not have access to Windows fonts mentioned in
 294               the first  paragraph you should try to substitute the
 295               "System" font with  nonmasking alias. The
 296               <command>xfontsel</command> application will show you
 297               the fonts available to X.
 298             </para>
 299             <screen>
 300 Alias.. = System, ...bold font without serifs
 301             </screen>
 302           </listitem>
 303         </itemizedlist>
 304         <para>
 305           Also, some Windows applications request fonts without
 306           specifying the  typeface name of the font. Font table starts
 307           with Arial in most Windows  installations, however X font
 308           table starts with whatever is the first line  in the
 309           <filename>fonts.dir</filename>.  Therefore Wine uses the
 310           following entry to determine  which font to check first.
 311         </para>
 312         <para>
 313           Example:
 314         </para>
 315         <screen>
 316 Default = -adobe-times-
 317         </screen>
 318         <para>
 319           Comments:
 320         </para>
 321         <para>
 322           It is better to have a scalable font family (bolds and
 323           italics included)  as the default choice because mapper
 324           checks all available fonts until  requested height and other
 325           attributes match perfectly or the end of the  font table is
 326           reached. Typical X installations have scalable fonts in the
 327           <filename>../fonts/Type1</filename> and
 328           <filename>../fonts/Speedo</filename> directories.
 329         </para>
 330       </sect3>
 331
 332       <sect3>
 333         <title>How To Manage Cached Font Metrics</title>
 334         <para>
 335           Wine stores detailed information about available fonts in
 336           the <filename>~/.wine/cachedmetrics.[display]</filename> file. You
 337           can copy it elsewhere and add this entry to the [fonts]
 338           section  in your <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>:
 339         </para>
 340         <screen>
 341 FontMetrics = &lt;file with metrics&gt;
 342         </screen>
 343         <para>
 344           If Wine detects changes in the X font configuration it will
 345           rebuild font metrics from scratch and then it will overwrite
 346           <filename>~/.wine/cachedmetrics.[display]</filename> with  the new
 347           information. This process can take a while.
 348         </para>
 349       </sect3>
 350
 351       <sect3>
 352         <title>Too Small Or Too Large Fonts</title>
 353         <para>
 354           Windows programs may ask Wine to render a font with the
 355           height specified in points. However, point-to-pixel ratio
 356           depends on the real physical size  of your display (15",
 357           17", etc...). X tries to provide an estimate of that  but it
 358           can be quite different from the actual size. You can change
 359           this ratio by adding the following entry to the [fonts]
 360           section:
 361         </para>
 362         <screen>
 363 Resolution = &lt;integer value&gt;
 364         </screen>
 365         <para>
 366           In general, higher numbers give you larger fonts. Try to
 367           experiment with values in the 60 - 120 range. 96 is a good
 368           starting point.
 369         </para>
 370       </sect3>
 371
 372       <sect3>
 373         <title>"FONT_Init: failed to load ..." Messages On Startup</title>
 374         <para>
 375           The most likely cause is a broken
 376           <filename>fonts.dir</filename> file in one of your font
 377           directories. You need to rerun <command>mkfontdir</command>
 378           to rebuild this file. Read its manpage for more information.
 379           If you can't run <command>mkfontdir</command> on this
 380           machine as you are not root, use <command>xset -fp
 381             xxx</command> to remove the broken font path.
 382         </para>
 383       </sect3>
 384     </sect2>
 385
 386     <sect2 id="ttfont-server">
 387     <title>Setting up a TrueType Font Server</title>
 388       <para>
 389         written by ???
 390       </para>
 391       <para>
 392         (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/ttfserver</filename>)
 393       </para>
 394
 395       <para>
 396         Follow these instructions to set up a TrueType font server on your system.
 397       </para>
 398
 399       <orderedlist>
 400         <listitem>
 401           <para>Get a freetype source archive (<filename>freetype-X.Y.tar.gz</filename> ?).</para>
 402         </listitem>
 403         <listitem>
 404           <para>Read docs, unpack, configure and install</para>
 405         </listitem>
 406         <listitem>
 407           <para>Test the library, e.g. <command>ftview 20 /dosc/win95/fonts/times</command></para>
 408         </listitem>
 409         <listitem>
 410           <para>Get <filename>xfsft-beta1e.linux-i586</filename></para>
 411         </listitem>
 412         <listitem>
 413           <para>
 414             Install it and start it when booting, e.g. in an
 415             rc-script.  The manpage for <command>xfs</command>
 416             applies.
 417           </para>
 418         </listitem>
 419         <listitem>
 420           <para>Follow the hints given by <email>williamc@dai.ed.ac.uk</email></para>
 421         </listitem>
 422         <listitem>
 423           <para>
 424             I got <command>xfsft</command> from
 425             <ulink url="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html">http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html</ulink>.
 426             I have it running all the time.  Here is
 427             <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/config</filename>:
 428           </para>
 429           <programlisting>
 430 clone-self = on
 431 use-syslog = off
 432 catalogue = /c/windows/fonts
 433 error-file = /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/fs-errors
 434 default-point-size = 120
 435 default-resolutions = 75,75,100,100
 436           </programlisting>
 437           <para>
 438             Obviously <filename>/c/windows/fonts</filename> is where
 439             my Windows fonts on my Win95 <medialabel>C:</medialabel>
 440             drive live; could be e.g.
 441             <filename>/mnt/dosC/windows/system</filename> for Win31.
 442           </para>
 443           <para>
 444             In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.scale</filename> I
 445             have:
 446           </para>
 447           <programlisting>
 448 14
 449 arial.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 450 arialbd.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 451 arialbi.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 452 ariali.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 453 cour.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 454 courbd.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 455 courbi.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 456 couri.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 457 times.ttf -monotype-times-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 458 timesbd.ttf -monotype-times-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 459 timesbi.ttf -monotype-times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 460 timesi.ttf -monotype-times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 461 symbol.ttf -monotype-symbol-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
 462 wingding.ttf -microsoft-wingdings-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
 463           </programlisting>
 464           <para>
 465             In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.dir</filename> I have
 466             exactly the same.
 467           </para>
 468           <para>
 469             In <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config</filename> I have
 470           </para>
 471           <programlisting>
 472 FontPath "tcp/localhost:7100"
 473           </programlisting>
 474           <para>
 475             in front of the other <literal>FontPath</literal> lines.
 476             That's it!  As an interesting by-product of course, all
 477             those web pages which specify Arial come up in Arial in
 478             Netscape ...
 479           </para>
 480         </listitem>
 481         <listitem>
 482           <para>
 483             Shut down X and restart (and debug errors you did while
 484             setting up everything).
 485           </para>
 486         </listitem>
 487         <listitem>
 488           <para>Test with e.g. <command>xlsfont | grep arial</command></para>
 489         </listitem>
 490       </orderedlist>
 491
 492       <para>
 493         Hope this helps...
 494     </para>
 495   </sect2>
 496
 497 </sect1>
 498
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