1 Note: The new debugging interface can be considered to be stable,
2 with the exception of the in-memory message construction functions.
3 However, there is still a lot of work to be done to polish
4 things up. To make my life easier, please follow the guidelines
5 described in this document.
7 Read this document before writing new code. DO NOT USE fprintf
8 (or printf) to output things. Also, instead of writing
9 FIXMEs in the source, output a FIXME message if you can.
11 IMPORTANT: at the end of the document, there is a "Style Guide"
12 for debugging messages. Please read it.
14 28 Mar 1998, Dimitrie O. Paun <dimi@cs.toronto.edu>
20 There are 4 types (or classes) of debugging messages:
22 FIXME -- Messages in this class relate to behavior of Wine that does
23 not correspond to standard Windows behavior and that should
25 Examples: stubs, semi-implemented features, etc.
27 ERR -- Messages in this class relate to serious errors in Wine.
28 This sort of messages are close to asserts -- that is,
29 you should output an error message when the code detects a
30 condition which should not happen. In other words, important
31 things that are not warnings (see below), are errors.
32 Examples: unexpected change in internal state, etc.
34 WARN -- These are warning messages. You should report a warning when
35 something unwanted happen but the function behaves properly.
36 That is, output a warning when you encounter something
37 unexpected (ex: could not open a file) but the function deals
38 correctly with the situation (that is, according to the docs).
39 If you do not deal correctly with it, output a fixme.
40 Examples: fail to access a resource required by the app, etc.
42 TRACE -- These are detailed debugging messages that are mainly useful
43 to debug a component. These are usually turned off.
44 Examples: everything else that does not fall in one of the
45 above mentioned categories and the user does not
46 need to know about it.
49 The user has the capability to turn on or off messages of a particular
50 type. You can expect the following patterns of usage (but note that
51 any combination is possible):
52 -- when you debug a component, all types (TRACE,WARN,ERR,FIXME)
54 -- during the pre-alpha (maybe alpha) stage of Wine, most likely
55 the TRACE class will be disabled by default, but all others
56 (WARN,ERR,FIXME) will be enabled by default.
57 -- when Wine will become stable, most likely the TRACE and WARN
58 classes will be disabled by default, but all ERRs and FIXMEs
60 -- in some installations that want the smallest footprint
61 and where the debug information is of no interest,
62 all classes may be disabled by default.
64 Of course, the user will have the runtime ability to override these
65 defaults. However, this ability may be turned off and certain classes
66 of messages may be completely disabled at compile time to reduce the
72 Also, we divide the debugging messages on a component basis. Each
73 component is assigned a debugging channel. The identifier of the
74 channel must be a valid C identifier but note that it may also be a
75 reserved word like int or static.
77 Examples of debugging channels:
80 We will refer to a generic channel as xxx.
82 Note: for those who know the old interface, the channel/type is
83 what followed the _ in the dprintf_xxx statements.
84 For example, to output a message on the debugging channel
85 reg in the old interface you would had to write:
87 dprintf_reg(stddeb, "Could not access key!\n");
89 In the new interface, we drop the stddeb as it is implicit.
90 However, we add an orthogonal piece of information to the
91 message: its class. This is very important as it will allow
92 us to selectively turn on or off certain messages based on the
93 type of information they report. For this reason it is essential
94 to choose the right class for the message.
95 Anyhow, suppose we figured that this message should belong
96 in the WARN class, so in the new interface, you write:
98 WARN(reg, "Could not access key!\n");
104 So, to output a message (class YYY) on channel xxx, do:
110 YYY(xxx, "<message>", ...);
113 Some examples from the code:
119 TRACE(crtdll, "CRTDLL_setbuf(file %p buf %p)", file, buf);
121 WARN(aspi, "Error opening device errno=%d", save_error);
124 If you need to declare a new debugging channel, use it in your code
127 in the root directory of Wine.
129 Note that this will result in almost complete recompilation of Wine.
132 1. Please pay attention to which class you assign the message.
133 There are only 4 classes, so it is not hard. The reason
134 it is important to get it right is that too much information
135 is no information. For example, if you put things into the
136 WARN class that should really be in the TRACE class, the
137 output will be too big and this will force the user to
138 turn warnings off. But this way he will fail to see the important
139 ones. Also, if you put warnings into the TRACE class lets say,
140 he will most likely miss those because usually the TRACE class
141 is turned off. A similar argument can be made if you mix any
143 2. All lines should end with a newline.If you can NOT output
144 everything that you want in the line with only one statement,
145 then you need to build the string in memory.
146 Please read the section below "In-memory messages" on the
147 preferred way to do it. PLEASE USE THAT INTERFACE TO BUILD
148 MESSAGES IN MEMORY. The reason is that we are not sure that
149 we like it and having everything in one format will facilitate
150 the (automatic) translation to a better interface.
157 To test whether the debugging output of class yyy on channel xxx is
160 TRACE_ON to test if TRACE is enabled
161 WARN_ON to test if WARN is enabled
162 FIXME_ON to test if FIXME is enabled
163 ERR_ON to test if ERR is enabled
171 Note that you should normally need to test only if TRACE_ON. At present,
172 none of the other 3 tests (except for ERR_ON which is used only once!)
178 If you NEED to build the message from multiple calls, you need to
179 build it in memory. To do that, you should use the following
182 - declare a string (where you are allowed to declare C variables)
184 dbg_decl_str(name, len);
185 where name is the name of the string (you should use the channel
186 name on which you are going to output it)
189 dsprintf(name, "<message>", ...);
190 which is just like a sprintf function but instead of a C string as
191 first parameter it takes the name you used to declare it.
193 - obtain a pointer to the string with:
196 - reset the string (if you want to reuse it with):
199 Example (modified from the code):
204 LPINT16 p = (LPINT16)tabs;
205 dbg_decl_str(listbox, 256); /* declare the string */
207 for (i = 0; i < descr->nb_tabs; i++) {
208 descr->tabs[i] = *p++<<1;
209 if(TRACING(listbox)) /* write in it only if
210 dsprintf(listbox, "%hd ", descr->tabs[i]); /* we are gonna output it */
212 TRACE(listbox, "Listbox %04x: settabstops %s",
213 wnd->hwndSelf, dbg_str(listbox)); /* output the whole thing */
216 If you need to use it two times in the same scope do like this:
221 LPINT16 p = (LPINT16)tabs;
222 dbg_decl_str(listbox, 256); /* declare the string */
224 for (i = 0; i < descr->nb_tabs; i++) {
225 descr->tabs[i] = *p++<<1;
226 if(TRACING(listbox)) /* write in it only if
227 dsprintf(listbox, "%hd ", descr->tabs[i]); /* we are gonna output it */
229 TRACE(listbox, "Listbox %04x: settabstops %s\n",
230 wnd->hwndSelf, dbg_str(listbox)); /* output the whole thing */
232 dbg_reset_str(listbox); /* !!!reset the string!!! */
233 for (i = 0; i < descr->extrainfo_nr; i++) {
234 descr->extrainfo = *p+1;
235 if(TRACING(listbox)) /* write in it only if
236 dsprintf(listbox,"%3d ",descr->extrainfo); /* we are gonna output it */
239 TRACE(listbox, "Listbox %04x: extrainfo %s\n",
240 wnd->hwndSelf, dbg_str(listbox)); /* output the whole thing */
245 As I already stated, I do not think this will be the ultimate interface
246 for building in-memory debugging messages. In fact, I do have better ideas
247 which I hope to have time to implement for the next release. For this
248 reason, please try not to use it. However, if you need to output a line
249 in more than one dprintf_xxx calls, then USE THIS INTERFACE. DO NOT use
250 other methods. This way, I will easily translate everything to the new
251 interface (when it will become available). So, if you need to use it,
252 then follow the following guidelines:
253 -- wrap calls to dsprintf with a
256 Of course, if the call to dsprintf is made from within a function
257 which you know is called only if YYY(xxx) is true
258 (say you call it only like this:
260 print_some_debug_info();
262 then you need not (and should not) wrap calls to dsprintf with
263 the before mentioned if.
264 -- name the string EXACTLY like the debugging channel on which
265 is going to be output. Please see the above example.
271 Resource identifiers can be either strings or numbers. To make life a bit
272 easier for outputting this beasts (and to help you avoid the need to build
273 the message in memory), I introduced a new function called:
277 The function is defined in debugstr.h
278 and has the following prototype:
280 LPSTR debugres(const void *id);
282 It takes a pointer to the resource id and returns a nicely formatted
283 string of the identifier.
285 It the high word of the pointer is 0, then it assumes that the
286 identifier is a number and thus returns a string of the form:
290 where xxxx are 4 hex-digits representing the low word of id.
292 It the high word of the pointer is not 0, then it assumes that the
293 identifier is a string and thus returns a string of the form:
297 Thus, to use it, do something on the following lines:
303 YYY(xxx, "resource is %s", debugres(myresource));
306 The -debugmsg command line option
307 ---------------------------------
309 So, the -debugmsg command line option has been changed as follows:
310 - the new syntax is: -debugmsg [yyy]#xxx[,[yyy1]#xxx1]*
311 where # is either + or -
313 - when the optional class argument (yyy) is not present,
314 then the statement will enable(+)/disable(-) all messages for
315 the given channel (xxx) on all classes. For example:
319 enables all messages on the reg channel and disables all
320 messages on the file channel.
321 This is same as the old semantics.
323 - when the optional class argument (yyy) is present,
324 then the statement will enable(+)/disable(-) messages for
325 the given channel (xxx) only on the given class. For example:
327 -debugmsg trace+reg,warn-file
329 enables trace messages on the reg channel and disables warning
330 messages on the file channel.
332 - also, the pseudo-channel all is also supported and it has the
335 -debugmsg +all -- enables all debug messages
336 -debugmsg -all -- disables all debug messages
337 -debugmsg yyy+all -- enables debug messages for class yyy on all
339 -debugmsg yyy-all -- disables debug messages for class yyy on all
344 -debugmsg warn-all -- disables all warning messages.
347 Also, note that at the moment:
348 - the fixme and err classes are enabled by default
349 - the trace and warn classes are disabled by default
352 Compiling Out Debugging Messages
353 --------------------------------
355 To compile out the debugging messages, provide configure with the
358 --disable-debug -- turns off TRACE, WARN, and FIXME (and DUMP).
360 --disable-trace -- turns off TRACE only.
362 This will result in an executable that, when stripped, is about 15%-20%
363 smaller. Note, however, that you will not be able to effectively debug
364 Wine without these messages.
366 This feature has not been extensively tested--it may subtly break some
373 This new scheme makes certain things more consistent but there is still
374 room for improvement by using a common style of debug messages. Before
375 I continue, let me note that the output format is the following:
377 yyy:xxx:fff <message>
380 yyy = the class (fixme, err, warn, trace)
381 xxx = the channel (atom, win, font, etc)
382 fff = the function name
383 these fields are output automatically. All you have to provide is
386 So here are some ideas:
388 * do NOT include the name of the function: it is included automatically
390 * if you want to output the parameters of the function, do it as the first
391 thing and include them in parenthesis, like this:
393 YYY(xxx, "(%d,%p,etc)...\n", par1, par2, ...);
395 * for stubs, you should output a FIXME message. I suggest this style:
397 FIXME(xxx, "(%x,%d...): stub\n", par1, par2, ...);
399 That is, you output the parameters, then a : and then a string
400 containing the word "stub". I've seen "empty stub", and others, but I
401 think that just "stub" suffices.
403 * output 1 and ONLY 1 line per message. That is, the format string should
404 contain only 1 \n and it should always appear at the end of the string.
405 (there are many reasons for this requirement, one of them is that each
406 debug macro adds things to the beginning of the line)
408 * if you want to name a value, use = and NOT :. That is, instead of
410 FIXME(xxx, "(fd: %d, file: %s): stub\n", fd, name);
412 FIXME(xxx, "(fd=%d, file=%s): stub\n", fd, name);
414 use : to separate categories.
416 * try to avoid the style:
419 "(fd=%d, file=%s): stub\n", fd, name);
422 FIXME(xxx, "(fd=%d, file=%s): stub\n", fd, name);
424 The reason is that if you want to grep for things, you would search for
425 FIXME but in the first case there is no additional information available,
426 where in the second one, there is (e.g. the word stub)
428 * if you output a string s that might contain control characters,
429 or if s may be null, use debugstr_a (for ASCII strings, or
430 debugstr_w for Unicode strings) to convert s to a C string, like
433 HANDLE32 WINAPI YourFunc(LPCSTR s)
435 FIXME(xxx, "(%s): stub\n", debugstr_a(s));
438 * if you want to output a resource identifier, use debugres to
439 convert it to a string first, like this:
441 HANDLE32 WINAPI YourFunc(LPCSTR res)
443 FIXME(xxx, "(res=%s): stub\n", debugres(s));
446 if the resource identifier is a SEGPTR, use PTR_SEG_TO_LIN to get a
449 HRSRC16 WINAPI FindResource16( HMODULE16 hModule, SEGPTR name, SEGPTR type )
452 TRACE(resource, "module=%04x name=%s type=%s\n",
453 hModule, debugres(PTR_SEG_TO_LIN(name)),
454 debugres(PTR_SEG_TO_LIN(type)) );
458 * for messages intended for the user (specifically those that report
459 errors in wine.conf), use the MSG macro. Use it like a printf:
461 MSG( "Definition of drive %d is incorrect!\n", drive );
463 However, note that there are _very_ few valid uses of this macro.
464 Most messages are debugging messages, so chances are you will not
465 need to use this macro. Grep the source to get an idea where it
466 is appropriate to use it.
468 * for structure dumps, use the DUMP macro. Use it like a printf,
469 just like the MSG macro. Similarly, there are only a few valid
470 uses of this macro. Grep the source to see when to use it.