documentation/faq.sgml

   1 <!-- *** Wine FAQ *** -->
   2   <title>Wine FAQ</title>
   3
   4   <qandaset>
   5     <qandadiv id="About-this-FAQ"><title>About this FAQ</title>
   6       <qandaentry>
   7       <question id="Who-maintains-this-FAQ">
   8         <para>Who maintains this FAQ ?</para>
   9       </question>
  10       <answer>
  11         <para>Dave Gardner maintained it from 1995-1998.</para>
  12         <para>Douglas Ridgway (ridgway@winehq.com) took it over in 1999.</para>
  13         <para>Andreas Mohr (amohr@codeweavers.com) converted it to FAQ-O-Matic in 2000.</para>
  14         <para>Dimitrie O. Paun, Keith Matthews and Tom Wickline (in alphabetical order) reorganized it in 2002.</para>
  15         <para>For suggestions/additions/complaints regarding this FAQ, please send an email to
  16         <ulink url="mailto:wine-faq@winehq.org">wine-faq@winehq.org</ulink></para>
  17       </answer>
  18       </qandaentry>
  19       <qandaentry>
  20       <question id="What-is-the-copyright-on-the-FAQ-And">
  21         <para>What is the copyright on the FAQ? And how may I use it?</para>
  22       </question>
  23       <answer>
  24         <para>The original Wine FAQ, which this FAQ was based on, was copyright &copy; 1995-1998 David Gardner.</para>
  25         <para>It may be reproduced and modified under the same terms as Wine itself.</para>
  26       </answer>
  27       </qandaentry>
  28     </qandadiv>
  29     <qandadiv id="General-Questions-about-Wine">
  30       <title>General Questions about Wine</title>
  31       <qandaentry>
  32
  33       <question id="What-is-Wine-and-what-is-it-supposed-to">
  34         <para>What is Wine and what is it supposed to do?</para>
  35       </question>
  36       <answer>
  37         <para>
  38           Wine is a program which allows the operation of DOS and MS
  39           Windows programs (Windows 3.x and Win32 executables) on UNIX operating systems such as Linux.
  40           It consists of a program loader, which loads and executes a Windows
  41           binary, and a set of libraries that implements Windows API calls
  42           using their UNIX or X11 equivalents. The libraries may also be used
  43           for porting Win32 code into native UNIX executables, often
  44           without many changes in the source. Wine is free software,
  45           and its license (contained in the file LICENSE
  46           in each distribution) is the LGPL.
  47         </para>
  48       </answer>
  49       </qandaentry>
  50
  51      <qandaentry>
  52       <question id="Is-Wine-an-emulator">
  53         <para>Does Wine emulate a full computer?</para>
  54       </question>
  55       <answer>
  56         <para>
  57           No, as the name says, Wine Is Not a (CPU) Emulator. Wine just
  58           provides the Windows API. This means that you will need an
  59           x86-compatible processor to run an x86 Windows application, for instance from Intel or AMD. The
  60           advantage is that, unlike solutions that rely on CPU emulation, Wine
  61           runs applications at full speed. Sometimes a program run under
  62           Wine will be slower than when run on a copy of Microsoft Windows, but
  63           this is more due to the fact that Microsoft have heavily optimized parts of their
  64           code, whereas mostly Wine is not well optimized (yet). Occasionally, an app
  65           may run faster under Wine than on Windows. Most apps run at roughly the same speed.
  66        </para>
  67       </answer>
  68       </qandaentry>
  69
  70       <qandaentry>
  71       <question id="Are-here-any-alternatives-to-Wine">
  72         <para>Are there any alternatives to Wine?</para>
  73       </question>
  74       <answer>
  75         <para>
  76           Yes, there are. You can use <ulink url="http://www.vmware.com">VMWare</ulink> to run a Windows installation inside a virtual machine,
  77           or use <ulink url="http://www.win4lin.com">Win4Lin</ulink>
  78           to run a specially adapted Windows version on Linux.
  79           Both solutions cost money for both the software itself
  80           and a Windows license.
  81        </para>
  82        <para>
  83          Note that, like Wine, they can only use the hardware platform that
  84          the target programs were originally compiled for (see below).
  85        </para>
  86       </answer>
  87       </qandaentry>
  88
  89       <qandaentry>
  90       <question id="Difference-between-Wine-and-emulators">
  91         <para>What is the difference between Wine and x86 hardware emulators?</para>
  92       </question>
  93       <answer>
  94         <para>
  95           There are two free x86 hardware emulators:
  96           <ulink url="http://bochs.sourceforge.net">Bochs</ulink>, and
  97           <ulink url="http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/plex86">Plex86</ulink>.
  98        </para>
  99
 100        <para>
 101           Plex86 is the open-source free-software alternative for VMWare,
 102           VirtualPC, and other IA-32 on IA-32 "Virtual PC products." It
 103           can only run on the IA-32 architecture.
 104        </para>
 105
 106        <para>
 107           Bochs is a highly portable open source IA-32 (x86) PC emulator
 108           written in C++, that runs on most popular platforms. It includes emulation
 109           of the Intel x86 CPU, common I/O devices, and a custom BIOS. Currently,
 110           Bochs can be compiled to emulate a 386, 486 or Pentium CPU. Bochs is capable
 111           of running most Operating Systems inside the emulation including Linux,
 112           Windows® 95, DOS, and recently Windows® NT 4.
 113        </para>
 114
 115        <para>
 116           Both are licensed under the GPL. Bochs is older than Plex86, seems to be
 117           easier to install, but Plex86 will run faster because Plex86 uses a just in
 118           time binary compiler.
 119        </para>
 120        <para>
 121           The drawback of all emulators is that you need a version
 122           of Windows in order to run Windows, and that they all have an
 123           impact on performance. Wine also gives much better desktop integration - for
 124           instance, programs use your standard window manager, system tray icons will
 125           appear in your tray area (if you have one), and you can run programs direct from the
 126           command line and the menus. The clipboard also works seamlessly.
 127        </para>
 128
 129       </answer>
 130       </qandaentry>
 131
 132       <qandaentry>
 133       <question id="Integrate-an-x86-emulator">
 134         <para>When will Wine integrate an x86 CPU emulator so we can
 135           run Windows applications on non-x86 machines?</para>
 136       </question>
 137       <answer>
 138         <para>
 139           The short answer is 'probably never'. Remember, Wine Is Not a
 140           (CPU) Emulator. The long answer is that we probably don't want or
 141           need to integrate one in the traditional sense.
 142         </para>
 143         <para>
 144           Integrating a CPU emulator in Wine would be extremely hard,
 145           due to the large number of Windows APIs and the complex
 146           data types they exchange. It is not uncommon for a Windows API to
 147           take three or more pointers to structures composed of many fields,
 148           including pointers to other complex structures. For each of these
 149           we would need a conversion routine to deal with the byte order and
 150           alignment issues. Furthermore, Windows also contains many callback
 151           mechanisms that constitute as many extra places where we would have
 152           to handle these conversion issues. Wine already has to deal with
 153           16 vs. 32 bit APIs and Ansi vs. Unicode APIs which both
 154           introduce significant complexity. Adding support for a CPU emulator
 155           inside Wine would introduce at least double that complexity and
 156           only serve to slow down the development of Wine.
 157         </para>
 158         <para>
 159           Fortunately another solution exists to run Windows applications
 160           on non-x86 platforms: run both Wine and the application inside the
 161           CPU emulator. As long as the emulator provides a standard Unix
 162           environment, Wine should only need minimal modifications. What
 163           performance you loose due to Wine running inside the emulator
 164           rather than natively, you gain in complexity inside of Wine.
 165           Furthermore, if the emulator is fast enough to run Windows
 166           applications, Photoshop for instance, then it should be fast enough
 167           to run that same Windows application plus Wine.
 168         </para>
 169         <para>
 170           Two projects have started along those lines: <ulink
 171           url="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/">QEMU</>, an
 172           open-source project, and <ulink
 173           url="http://www.transitives.com/tech_overview.htm">Dynamite</>,
 174           a commercial CPU emulator environment from
 175           <ulink url="http://www.transitives.com/">Transitives Technologies</>
 176           which has been <ulink
 177           url="http://www.transgaming.com/news.php?newsid=37">paired
 178           with Wine</>.
 179         </para>
 180
 181       </answer>
 182       </qandaentry>
 183
 184       <qandaentry>
 185       <question id="Why-would-anyone-want-Wine-Windows-suck">
 186         <para>Why would anyone want Wine? Doesn't Windows suck?</para>
 187       </question>
 188       <answer>
 189         <para>
 190           First Wine is not about running Windows but about running Windows
 191           applications.
 192         </para>
 193         <para>
 194           So if all your computing needs are fulfilled by native Unix
 195           applications, then you do not need Wine and should not be using
 196           it. However, if you depend on one or more of the tens of
 197           thousands of Windows applications, then Wine is the best way to
 198           use it without giving up on Unix. Let's look at the alternatives
 199           to see why:
 200         </para>
 201         <para>
 202           The most obvious alternative is to dual-boot. This is the solution
 203           that provides the best compatibility. However it requires that you
 204           acquire a Windows license and then dedicate a good chunk of your
 205           hard-drive to Windows. But the worst is yet to come. Each time you
 206           will want to use that application you will have to reboot to
 207           Windows. This is especially significant if external factors dictate
 208           when you must use this application (e.g. credit card to process,
 209           email to retrieve from a Lotus Notes server). Then you will find
 210           yourself forced to close all your Linux applications just to run
 211           that one Windows application. You may quickly get tired of this, or
 212           will find that such a situation is impossible to justify in a
 213           business environment.
 214         </para>
 215         <para>
 216           The next solution is to install virtual machine emulation software
 217           such as VMWare, Win4Lin or Plex86. Then you can use windows
 218           applications without suffering such a big disruption. But it still
 219           requires that you acquire a Windows license and dedicate as much
 220           disk space to Windows. Furthermore you will pay for the added
 221           convenience: if using VMWare or Win4Lin you have to buy another
 222           license, and more importantly you now have to dedicate a good chunk
 223           of your computer's memory to the virtual machine. Performance will
 224           take a significant hit too.
 225         </para>
 226         <para>
 227           Using Wine lets you avoid all of that overhead: Windows license,
 228           hard-drive space required by Windows, memory and performance hit
 229           taken by emulated virtual machines. Now you can start your Windows
 230           application straight from your regular desktop environment, place
 231           that application's window side by side with native applications,
 232           copy/paste from one to the other, and run it all at full speed.
 233         </para>
 234         <para>
 235           It is also a pretty vital part of migrating a large organization,
 236           you can't change a 5000 desktop setup overnight without a lot of risk.
 237        </para>
 238       </answer>
 239       </qandaentry>
 240
 241       <qandaentry>
 242       <question id="Use-Windows-driver-with-Wine">
 243         <para>Can I use Wine to make the Windows driver for my network card /
 244           graphics card / scanner / etc. work on Unix?</para>
 245       </question>
 246       <answer>
 247         <para>
 248           The goal of Wine is to make it possible to run Windows applications
 249           on Unix, not Windows drivers or VxDs.
 250         </para>
 251         <para>
 252           Drivers and Windows applications belong to different worlds.
 253           Applications run in user mode and use the APIs provided by
 254           the kernel and the other user mode dlls. In contrast, drivers
 255           are loaded in the Windows kernel, i.e. in ring 0 instead of ring
 256           3, have to deal with specific memory management issues, and use
 257           instructions not available to regular applications. This means
 258           they would not be able to run in Wine since Wine runs entirely
 259           in user mode. Rather you would have to modify the Linux kernel.
 260           But in addition, drivers use a completely different API from
 261           regular Windows applications. So the work performed on Wine would
 262           not even be of any use for such a project. In other words, making
 263           it possible to use Windows drivers or VxDs on Unix would be a
 264           completely separate project.
 265         </para>
 266         <para>
 267           However, if you want to reuse Windows drivers on a non-Microsoft
 268           operating system we recommend that you have a look at
 269           <ulink url="http://www.reactos.com/">ReactOS</>.
 270         </para>
 271
 272       </answer>
 273       </qandaentry>
 274
 275       <qandaentry>
 276       <question id="Which-one-of-the-different-Wine-packages">
 277         <para>Which one of the different Wine packages out there is good for me?</para>
 278       </question>
 279       <answer>
 280         <para>
 281           Currently there is a broad selection of different Wine packages/versions:
 282         </para>
 283         <variablelist>
 284
 285           <varlistentry>
 286            <term><ulink url="http://www.winehq.com">Wine</ulink></term>
 287            <listitem>
 288            <para>
 289               This is the "standard" source distribution of Wine. Its license is
 290               the LGPL, it can be downloaded for free.
 291             </para>
 292            </listitem>
 293           </varlistentry>
 294
 295           <varlistentry>
 296           <term><ulink url="http://rewind.sourceforge.net">ReWind</ulink></term>
 297           <listitem>
 298             <para>
 299               This is a forked Wine tree that got created when Wine changed its
 300               license from X11 to the more restrictive LGPL, in order to let
 301               people continue to maintain an X11 licensed Wine version. Its
 302               license is X11, it can be downloaded for free.
 303             </para>
 304           </listitem>
 305           </varlistentry>
 306
 307           <varlistentry>
 308           <term><ulink url="http://www.transgaming.com">Transgaming's WineX</ulink></term>
 309           <listitem>
 310             <para>
 311               This is TransGaming's Wine version specially suited for
 312               games.  It includes more mature Direct3D support than
 313               WineHQ, although these days WineHQ has quite advanced
 314               D3D support as well. Most of the code is under the AFPL
 315               and can be downloaded for free.
 316             </para>
 317             <para>
 318               However Transgaming also distributes binaries that contain
 319               improved copy protection support (needed for many
 320               games), support, and other enhancements. These packages are
 321               only available in binary form to subscribed customers
 322               ($5/month).
 323             </para>
 324          </listitem>
 325           </varlistentry>
 326
 327           <varlistentry>
 328           <term><ulink url="http://wine.codeweavers.com">CodeWeavers' Wine preview</ulink></term>
 329           <listitem>
 330             <para>
 331               This is a special packaged version of the standard Wine tree
 332               which has a nice setup for easy installation. License LGPL, free
 333               download. It's pretty old now, and not recommended for general use.
 334             </para>
 335          </listitem>
 336           </varlistentry>
 337
 338           <varlistentry>
 339           <term><ulink url="http://www.codeweavers.com/products/crossover/">CodeWeavers' Crossover Plugin</ulink></term>
 340           <listitem>
 341             <para>
 342               Special Wine installation to be used for running Windows
 343               Netscape browser plugins such as e.g. QuickTime in Linux
 344               browsers. Costs $34.95.
 345               Well worth it (very stable and useful packaging).
 346             </para>
 347           </listitem>
 348           </varlistentry>
 349
 350           <varlistentry>
 351           <term><ulink url="http://www.codeweavers.com/products/office/">CodeWeavers' Crossover Office</ulink></term>
 352           <listitem>
 353             <para>
 354               Wine version with special packaging to make sure almost all
 355               important Office type programs work pretty well. Costs $54.95.
 356               Seems to be well worth it so far according to some comments.
 357               (note: you're supporting a company actively contributing to Wine
 358               if you decide to buy either Plugin or Office.)
 359             </para>
 360           </listitem>
 361           </varlistentry>
 362
 363           <varlistentry>
 364           <term><ulink url="http://www.codeweavers.com/products/cxofficeserver/">Codeweavers' CrossOver Office Server Edition</ulink></term>
 365           <listitem>
 366             <para>
 367              Allows you to run your favorite Windows productivity applications in
 368              a distributed thin-client environment under Linux. Server Edition is
 369              also a great addition to Solaris environments, since there built-in
 370              support for Solaris desktops makes running Windows applications a
 371              possibility on Sun workstations as well. For pricing just follow this link:
 372           <ulink url="http://www.codeweavers.com/products/pricing.php">CrossOver Office Server Edition Pricing</ulink>
 373             </para>
 374           </listitem>
 375           </varlistentry>
 376
 377           <varlistentry>
 378           <term><ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/download/">Other packaged versions of Wine</ulink></term>
 379           <listitem>
 380             <para>
 381               Various Wine packages can be downloaded for free from
 382               Wine HQ. They are not officially packaged by Wine HQ, and as
 383               such may have some configuration inconsistencies.
 384             </para>
 385           </listitem>
 386           </varlistentry>
 387         </variablelist>
 388       </answer>
 389       </qandaentry>
 390
 391       <qandaentry>
 392       <question id="Whats-the-history-of-Wine">
 393         <para>What's the history of Wine?</para>
 394       </question>
 395       <answer>
 396         <para>
 397           The Wine project started in 1993 as a way to support running Windows 3.1
 398           programs on Linux. Bob Amstadt was the original coordinator, but turned
 399           it over fairly early on to Alexandre Julliard, who has run it ever
 400           since. A <ulink url="news:comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine">newsgroup</ulink>
 401           was created in July 1994. Over the years, ports for
 402           other Unixes have been added, along with support for Win32 as Win32
 403           applications became popular.
 404         </para>
 405         <para>
 406           For more information, see <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/site/about">
 407           http://www.winehq.com/site/about</ulink>
 408         </para>
 409       </answer>
 410       </qandaentry>
 411
 412       <qandaentry>
 413       <question id="What-is-the-current-version-of-Wine">
 414         <para>What is the current version of Wine?</para>
 415       </question>
 416       <answer>
 417         <para>
 418           A new version of Wine is distributed about every month. You will be
 419           able to keep up on all the latest releases by reading the newsgroup
 420           <ulink url="news:comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine">
 421           comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine</ulink>, or by visiting the
 422           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com">Wine HQ homepage</ulink>. When
 423           downloading Wine from your FTP site of choice (see
 424           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/download.shtml">the Download page</ulink>
 425           for some of these choices), you can make sure that you are getting
 426           the latest version by watching the version numbers in the distribution
 427           file name. For instance, the distribution released on August 13, 2003
 428           was called Wine-20030813.tar.gz. Patch files are also available. If
 429           you are current to the previous version, you can download and apply
 430           just the current patch file rather than the entire new distribution.
 431           The patch file names follow the same conventions as the monthly
 432           distribution. <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/site/cvs">
 433           Read-only CVS</ulink> access is also available.
 434         </para>
 435       </answer>
 436       </qandaentry>
 437
 438       <qandaentry>
 439       <question id="What-is-the-current-Status-of-Wine">
 440         <para>What is the current Status of Wine?</para>
 441       </question>
 442       <answer>
 443         <para>
 444           As of mid 2003, Wine consists of about 1.4 million lines of code,
 445           written by more than 550 developers from dozens of countries around
 446           the world. Wine is in active use by an estimated 100K people. Wine
 447           implements more than 90% of the calls in popular Windows
 448           specifications such as ECMA-234 and Open32.
 449         </para>
 450         <para>
 451           You may also want to look at the
 452           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/site/status">
 453           Status page</ulink> for a global view on Wine's implementation progress.
 454         </para>
 455       </answer>
 456       </qandaentry>
 457
 458       <qandaentry>
 459       <question id="When-will-Wine-be-finished">
 460         <para>When will Wine be finished?</para>
 461       </question>
 462       <answer>
 463         <para>
 464           Large software projects are never finished, only released. In any
 465           case Wine is chasing a moving target since every new release of
 466           Windows contains new API calls or variations on the existing ones.
 467         </para>
 468         <para>
 469           Because Wine is being developed by volunteers, it is difficult to
 470           predict when it will be ready for general release. But due to the
 471           much increased interest by companies in porting apps via Wine, Wine
 472           development is constantly getting more and more active. Right now
 473           we are working on releasing Wine 0.9 in 2003.
 474         </para>
 475       </answer>
 476       </qandaentry>
 477
 478       <qandaentry>
 479       <question id="Who-is-responsible-for-Wine">
 480         <para>Who is responsible for Wine?</para>
 481       </question>
 482       <answer>
 483         <para>
 484           Wine is available thanks to the work of many people. Please see the
 485           <ulink url="http://source.winehq.org/source/AUTHORS">AUTHORS</ulink>
 486           file in the distribution for the complete list. Some companies that
 487           are or have been involved with Wine development are CodeWeavers,
 488           TransGaming, Corel, and Macadamian.
 489         </para>
 490       </answer>
 491       </qandaentry>
 492
 493       <qandaentry>
 494       <question id="folks-who-contributed-money-or-equipment">
 495         <para>Who are the folks and organizations who have contributed money or equipment to the Wine project?</para>
 496       </question>
 497       <answer>
 498         <para>
 499           People and organizations who have given generous contributions of
 500           money, equipment, or licenses, include:
 501         </para>
 502         <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
 503           <listitem>
 504             <para>David L. Harper</para>
 505           </listitem>
 506           <listitem>
 507             <para>Bob Hepple</para>
 508           </listitem>
 509           <listitem>
 510             <para>Mark A. Horton</para>
 511           </listitem>
 512           <listitem>
 513             <para>Kevin P. Lawton</para>
 514           </listitem>
 515           <listitem>
 516             <para>The Syntropy Institute</para>
 517           </listitem>
 518           <listitem>
 519             <para>James Woulfe</para>
 520           </listitem>
 521           <listitem>
 522             <para>
 523              VMWare Inc. (<ulink url="http://www.vmware.com">
 524              http://www.vmware.com</ulink>)
 525             </para>
 526           </listitem>
 527           <listitem>
 528             <para>
 529              Corel (<ulink url="http://www.corel.com">
 530              http://www.corel.com</ulink>)
 531             </para>
 532           </listitem>
 533           <listitem>
 534             <para>
 535              CodeWeavers
 536              (<ulink url="http://www.codeweavers.com/">http://www.codeweavers.com</ulink>)
 537             </para>
 538           </listitem>
 539         </itemizedlist>
 540       </answer>
 541       </qandaentry>
 542
 543       <qandaentry>
 544       <question id="What-undocumented-APIs-are-not-understood">
 545         <para>What undocumented APIs / interfaces are not understood? Would
 546               seeing Microsoft source help?
 547         </para>
 548       </question>
 549       <answer>
 550         <para>
 551           The best would be if the Windows API was fully documented, so Wine
 552           could be a perfect "clean-room" implementation. Seeing the source
 553           code might make it harder to prove that no copyright violations have
 554           taken place. That said, the documentation is often bad, nonexistent,
 555           and even misleading where it exists, so a fair amount of reverse
 556           engineering has been necessary, particularly in the shell (Explorer)
 557           interface. The biggest problem facing Wine though is simply lack of
 558           manpower. At one point, over 5000 people were working on Windows 2000.
 559           While Wine doesn't need to replicate all of Windows (we only cover the
 560           parts needed to make Windows programs work), that's still nearly 10 times
 561           more people working simply on one release than have <emphasis>ever</emphasis>
 562           worked on Wine, in the history of the project.
 563         </para>
 564       </answer>
 565       </qandaentry>
 566
 567      <qandaentry>
 568       <question id="Is-TransGamings-last-patch-included-in-Wine">
 569         <para>Is TransGaming's latest patch included in the standard Wine release?</para>
 570       </question>
 571       <answer>
 572         <para>
 573           No, it's not.
 574         </para>
 575         <para>
 576           TransGaming makes money via a subscription service and the license
 577           of their WineX tree is incompatible with the Wine license. Thus
 578           WineX patches cannot be integrated into the Wine tree without
 579           express permission by TransGaming. They have submitted some
 580           of their work for integration into Wine, most notably DirectDraw
 581           and some DirectSound work, and such work has been integrated into
 582           the Wine tree. However it seems unlikely they will submit their
 583           Direct3D work.
 584         </para>
 585       </answer>
 586       </qandaentry>
 587
 588       <qandaentry>
 589       <question id="Will-there-be-a-Windows-version-of-Wine">
 590         <para>Will there be a Windows version of Wine?</para>
 591       </question>
 592       <answer>
 593         <para>
 594           Some people are working on getting Wine code to compile on Windows
 595           using one of the following projects as a basis:
 596         </para>
 597         <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
 598           <listitem>
 599             <para>
 600               Cygwin
 601               (<ulink url="http:/www.cygwin.com/">http://www.cygwin.com</ulink>)
 602             </para>
 603           </listitem>
 604           <listitem>
 605             <para>
 606               MinGW
 607               (<ulink url="http:/www.mingw.org/">http://www.mingw.org</ulink>)
 608             </para>
 609           </listitem>
 610           <listitem>
 611             <para>
 612               ReactOS
 613               (<ulink url="http://www.reactos.com/">http://www.reactos.com</ulink>)
 614             </para>
 615           </listitem>
 616         </itemizedlist>
 617         <para>
 618           There's some progress, so a Wine version that's usable on Windows
 619           might be available at some time.
 620         </para>
 621         <para>
 622           Part of the rationale for these projects is to find out areas where
 623           Wine portability is lacking. This is especially true of the
 624           ReactOS project which is a re implementation of the Windows kernel
 625           and should thus be able to reuse most of Wine dlls.
 626         </para>
 627         <para>
 628           Another reason for pursuing these projects is to be able to
 629           replace a single Windows dll with its Wine counterpart. Besides
 630           being a good test for the Wine dll, this lets us detect cases where
 631           we made incorrect assumptions about how the dlls interact.
 632         </para>
 633       </answer>
 634       </qandaentry>
 635
 636     </qandadiv>
 637     <qandadiv id="What-do-I-need-in-order-to-use-Wine">
 638       <title>What do I need in order to use Wine?</title>
 639       <qandaentry>
 640       <question id="Under-what-platforms-will-Wine-run">
 641         <para>
 642           Under what hardware platform(s) and operating system(s) will
 643           Wine(Lib) run?
 644         </para>
 645       </question>
 646       <answer>
 647         <para>
 648           Wine is being developed specifically to run on the <emphasis>Intel x86</emphasis> class of CPUs under certain UNIXes that run on the x86 platform.
 649           Winelib however is capable of porting Windows program <emphasis>source code</emphasis> to other platforms also, not only x86.
 650         </para>
 651         <para>
 652           Thus running Windows programs via Wine on other platforms (e.g. MacOS X) is <emphasis>not</emphasis> possible; the only way to run Windows code
 653           on MacOS X would be to take Windows program source code and recompile it for e.g. MacOS X using Winelib.
 654         </para>
 655         <para>
 656           The following will list the x86 operating systems supported by
 657           Wine; Winelib support for other platforms keeps evolving,
 658           so it's not specifically listed here.
 659         </para>
 660         <para>
 661           NetBSD, OpenBSD, Unixware, and SCO OpenServer 5 worked at one time,
 662           but Wine now requires kernel-level threads which are not currently
 663           available (or understood by the Wine team) on those platforms.
 664         </para>
 665         <para>
 666           The Wine development team hopes to attract the interest of other
 667           commercial UNIX and UNIX clone vendors as well.
 668         </para>
 669         <para>
 670           BeOS: porting efforts used to be pretty strong, but BeOS has severe
 671           limitations in Unix call support, so a port will probably never
 672           happen.
 673         </para>
 674         <para>
 675           FreeBSD: Should work, with limitations in specific areas (mainly
 676           missing device/hardware support).
 677         </para>
 678         <para>
 679           Linux/x86: Works, and as the most popular platform for both
 680           developers and users, it is the best supported platform of all.
 681         </para>
 682       </answer>
 683       </qandaentry>
 684
 685       <qandaentry>
 686       <question id="What-minimum-CPU-must-I-have">
 687         <para>
 688           What minimum CPU must I have in my computer to be able to run Wine
 689           and MS Windows applications smoothly?
 690         </para>
 691       </question>
 692       <answer>
 693         <para>
 694           We need to differentiate between Wine and Winelib here.
 695         </para>
 696         <para>
 697           Wine won't run on any x86 CPU less than an 80386 due to address
 698           management limitations.
 699         </para>
 700         <para>
 701           It is known to also work in the 80486 and upwards compatible CPUs.
 702           The basic test is, if you can run X11 now, you should be able to run
 703           Wine and MS Windows applications under it.
 704         </para>
 705         <para>
 706           As always, the faster your CPU, the better. Having a math coprocessor
 707           is unimportant. However, having a graphics accelerated video card
 708           supported by X will help greatly.
 709         </para>
 710         <para>
 711           Depending on your application you may find that faster speeds are
 712           required for sensible use. We can't give specific advice on that due
 713           to the vast range of applications out there. However the rule of
 714           thumb is that if your application runs fine on Windows, it should
 715           run fine on the same platform in Wine.
 716         </para>
 717       </answer>
 718       </qandaentry>
 719
 720       <qandaentry>
 721       <question id="How-much-disk-space-will-Wine-take">
 722         <para>
 723          How much disk space will the Wine source code and binaries take on my
 724          hard drive?
 725         </para>
 726       </question>
 727       <answer>
 728         <para>
 729           You need approximately 250 megabytes of free hard drive space to
 730           store and compile the source code. Wine also needs about 18 megs in
 731           your /tmp directory. And about 50 MB are needed to do a make install.
 732         </para>
 733         <para>
 734           Binary packages, especially those not containing debug information,
 735           have much lower disk space requirements, usually in the 20MB range.
 736         </para>
 737       </answer>
 738       </qandaentry>
 739
 740       <qandaentry>
 741       <question id="What-other-software-do-I-need-to-compile">
 742         <para>
 743           What other software do I need to install, compile and run
 744           Wine?
 745         </para>
 746       </question>
 747       <answer>
 748         <para>
 749           Many development tools are needed in order to compile Wine.
 750           A list of required packages for several distributions is included in
 751           the README (<ulink url="http://source.winehq.org/source/README">
 752           http://source.winehq.org/source/README</ulink>).
 753         </para>
 754         <para>
 755           To run Wine, you will need the following:
 756         </para>
 757
 758         <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
 759           <listitem>
 760             <para>The compiled Wine binary</para>
 761           </listitem>
 762           <listitem>
 763             <para>A properly configured wine.conf file (or ~/.winerc file)</para>
 764           </listitem>
 765           <listitem>
 766             <para>An installed and working X Window system</para>
 767           </listitem>
 768           <listitem>
 769             <para>Some Windows programs to test</para>
 770           </listitem>
 771         </itemizedlist>
 772       </answer>
 773       </qandaentry>
 774        <qandaentry>
 775       <question id="How-much-RAM-do-I-need">
 776         <para>
 777           How much RAM do I need to have on my UNIX system to be able to run
 778           Wine and MS Windows applications smoothly?
 779         </para>
 780       </question>
 781       <answer>
 782         <para>
 783           If you can run X smoothly on your UNIX system now, you should be
 784           able to run Wine and MS Windows applications just fine too, depending
 785           on how memory hungry the application is.
 786         </para>
 787         <para>
 788           A Wine workstation will work with 16 megabytes of RAM and a 16
 789           megabyte swap partition as long as you have a reasonable graphics
 790           card. Most applications will run reasonably with 64/64 Mb,
 791           interactive games are likely to need more. You can run Wine with 8/8,
 792           but it is going to be unusably slow and very constraining on the
 793           applications you can run. If you wish to be part of the development
 794           team and program Wine itself, be aware that the debugger is rather
 795           memory intensive. Some have suggested that 64 megabytes is the
 796           minimum RAM needed for Wine development, although some are able to
 797           work (albeit slowly) with 24 megabytes of physical RAM and lots of
 798           swap space.
 799         </para>
 800       </answer>
 801       </qandaentry>
 802
 803       <qandaentry>
 804       <question id="How-long-does-Wine-take-to-build">
 805         <para>How long does Wine take to build</para>
 806       </question>
 807       <answer>
 808         <para>
 809           Wine is getting to be quite large, and building from scratch takes a
 810           lot of processing. As of September 2002, compile times were around 20
 811           minutes on an Athlon 1200 with 640 Mb and 45-50 minutes on a Cyrix
 812           300 with 64 Mb. If you have a CVS copy, you may not need to rebuild
 813           the whole thing every time you update.
 814         </para>
 815       </answer>
 816       </qandaentry>
 817       <qandaentry>
 818       <question id="I-have-a-Drivespaced-partition">
 819         <para>
 820           I have a Drivespaced, Doublespaced or Stackered DOS partition. Can
 821           Wine run MS Windows binaries located in such a partition?
 822         </para>
 823       </question>
 824       <answer>
 825         <para>
 826           Yes, but only if the operating system supports mounting those types
 827           of drives. There is a Linux file system driver called dmsdos that
 828           will allow read/write access to Doublespaced and Drivespace 1.0
 829           drives. More specifically, it supports mounting DOS 6.0 and 6.2
 830           Doublespaced, DOS 6.22 Drivespaced, and Windows 95 Doublespaced
 831           compressed partitions (read and write access works fine, but write
 832           access is slow). It can be found at
 833           <ulink url="ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/dosfs/">
 834           ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/file systems/dosfs/</ulink>
 835         </para>
 836       </answer>
 837       </qandaentry>
 838
 839       <qandaentry>
 840       <question id="Do-I-need-to-have-a-DOS-partition">
 841         <para>Do I need to have a DOS partition on my system to use Wine?</para>
 842       </question>
 843       <answer>
 844         <para>
 845           You do not need a licensed and installed copy of DOS or MS Windows to
 846           install, configure and run Wine. However, Wine has to be able to
 847           'see' an MS Windows binary (i.e. application) if it is to run it.
 848         </para>
 849       </answer>
 850       </qandaentry>
 851
 852       <qandaentry>
 853       <question id="Does-MS-Windows-need-to-be-installed">
 854         <para>
 855           Does MS Windows need to be loaded into that partition in order to
 856           run MS Windows programs under Wine?
 857         </para>
 858       </question>
 859       <answer>
 860         <para>
 861           Many folks have successfully installed and run programs
 862           in their UNIX file system without having a DOS partition or MS
 863           Windows. However, in many cases you need a directory and file
 864           infrastructure that is similar to an existing Windows installation.
 865           Some applications' installation programs want to distribute some of
 866           the package's files into the /windows and /windows/system
 867           directories in order to run, and unless these exist on your UNIX
 868           file system, those programs will not install correctly and probably
 869           will not run well, if at all. Most packages will set that up for you
 870           as part of the install process.
 871         </para>
 872         <para>
 873           If you have a DOS partition with MS Windows installed in it, make
 874           sure that your UNIX system can 'see' this partition (check your
 875           /etc/fstab file or mount the partition manually) so that Wine can
 876           run the MS Windows binaries located in the DOS partition. To run
 877           without a DOS partition, you need to set a UNIX path to be your
 878           drive C, and make sure that the /windows and /windows/system
 879           directories point to some place that actually exist.
 880         </para>
 881         <para>
 882           Here's an example, copied from a machine which has no DOS partition
 883           but successfully runs Wine:
 884         </para>
 885         <screen>
 886     [Drive C]
 887           Path=/var/lib/wine
 888           Type=hd
 889           Label=MS-DOS
 890           Filesystem=win95
 891     [wine]
 892           Windows=c:\windows
 893           System=c:\windows\system
 894           Temp=e:\
 895           Path=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:
 896         </screen>
 897         <para>
 898          In <filename>/var/lib/wine/windows</filename>, you will need to
 899          install a <filename>win.ini</filename> config file that you might
 900          find on a typical MS Windows 3.1 machine. The directory
 901          <filename>/var/lib/wine/windows/system</filename> should exist, but
 902          doesn't need to contain anything. However, to use MS DLLs, you can
 903          copy them into that directory. Note that this is a contravention of
 904          the Windows licence unless Windows is properly installed on the
 905          machine. If you have DOS/MS Windows installed on your system, you can
 906          mount that partition at bootup by modifying the file
 907          <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> in your UNIX partition (assuming that
 908          the UNIX kernel supports the DOS/MS Windows file system type).
 909         </para>
 910         <para>
 911           If you edit this file by hand, it should contain something similar
 912           to the following:
 913         </para>
 914         <screen>
 915 /dev/hda1 /dosc msdos uid=0,gid=100,umask=007 0 0
 916         </screen>
 917         <para>
 918           This will allow you to read and write to the DOS partition without
 919           being root.
 920         </para>
 921       </answer>
 922       </qandaentry>
 923
 924       <qandaentry>
 925       <question id="If-Wine-completely-replaces-MS-Windows">
 926         <para>
 927           If Wine completely replaces MS Windows, will it duplicate all of the
 928           functions of MS Windows?
 929         </para>
 930       </question>
 931       <answer>
 932         <para>
 933           Wine's goal is to make it possible to run Windows applications on
 934           Unix. To this end it will provide replacements for just those
 935           DLLs and APIs that are needed by these Windows applications.
 936           This means that Wine will not provide replacements for DLLs that
 937           are not shipped with Windows or are always shipped with Windows
 938           application (e.g. the Visual Basic run time). This also
 939           means that implementing an API that no application ever uses is not
 940           a priority. Similarly, until there are applications out there that
 941           use the Win64 API, it will not be a priority. That being said,
 942           we will certainly try to keep our options open and to improve our API
 943           coverage as we can.
 944         </para>
 945         <para>
 946           Also Wine is not an operating system, so that writing device
 947           drivers is not part of Wine's goals. However if you are interested
 948           in device drivers, the <ulink url="http://www.kernel.org/">Linux</ulink>,
 949           <ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</ulink> and
 950           <ulink url="http://www.reactos.com/">ReactOS</ulink> kernel developers
 951           would certainly appreciate your contribution.
 952         </para>
 953         <para>
 954           Similarly Wine does not try to be a desktop environment so
 955           providing applets such as a calculator, a file manager or even
 956           window manager that look like Windows, are low priority or would
 957           even best be done as a separate project. Such projects would also
 958           to a large extant be redundant with other open-source projects.
 959           Again, there are projects that would certainly appreciate your
 960           contributions in this areas, such as the
 961           <ulink url="http://www.gnome.org/">Gnome</ulink> or
 962           <ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</ulink> desktop environments. You
 963           will get the added benefit that your contribution will then be
 964           usable by everyone, not just by Wine users.
 965         </para>
 966       </answer>
 967       </qandaentry>
 968
 969       <qandaentry>
 970       <question id="Will-I-install-on-any-UNIX-file-system">
 971         <para>
 972           Will I be able to install MS Windows applications in any flavor of a
 973           UNIX file system?
 974         </para>
 975       </question>
 976       <answer>
 977         <para>
 978           Wine is written to be file system independent, so MS Windows
 979           applications will install and run under virtually any file system
 980           supported by your brand of UNIX.
 981         </para>
 982       </answer>
 983       </qandaentry>
 984
 985       <qandaentry>
 986       <question id="Will-Wine-run-only-under-X">
 987         <para>Will Wine run only under X, or can it run in character mode?</para>
 988       </question>
 989       <answer>
 990         <para>
 991           Most of Wine's development effort is geared towards MS Windows' GUI,
 992           but some limited support for character mode has appeared, by setting
 993           <parameter>GraphicsDriver=ttydrv</parameter> in wine.conf's
 994           <parameter>[wine]</parameter> section.
 995         </para>
 996         <para>
 997           Wine's infrastructure is already somewhat prepared for supporting
 998           other graphics drivers than x11drv, but no real "alternative"
 999           graphics driver has been developed yet.
1000         </para>
1001       </answer>
1002       </qandaentry>
1003
1004       <qandaentry>
1005       <question id="Will-Wine-run-under-any-X-window-manager">
1006         <para>Will Wine run under any X window manager? Does it require a window manager at all?</para>
1007       </question>
1008       <answer>
1009         <para>
1010           Wine is window manager independent, so the X window manager you
1011           choose to run has (almost) no bearing on your ability to run MS
1012           Windows programs under Wine. Wine uses standard X libraries, so no
1013           additional ones are needed. Wine has its own window management,
1014           which acts like MS Windows. It can be turned off to use the native
1015           window manager by modifying Managed or Desktop settings as described
1016           in <command>man wine.conf</command>.
1017         </para>
1018       </answer>
1019       </qandaentry>
1020
1021       <qandaentry>
1022       <question id="Will-32-bit-applications-run-under-Wine">
1023         <para>Will 32-bit Windows 95/98 applications run under Wine?</para>
1024       </question>
1025       <answer>
1026         <para>
1027           Yes, 32-bit programs are now about as well supported as 16-bit
1028            programs.
1029         </para>
1030       </answer>
1031       </qandaentry>
1032
1033     </qandadiv>
1034     <qandadiv id="FAQ-Getting-Wine">
1035       <title>Getting Wine</title>
1036       <qandaentry>
1037       <question id="Where-can-I-get-Wine">
1038         <para>Where can I get Wine?</para>
1039       </question>
1040       <answer>
1041         <para>
1042           Because of lags created by using mirror, word of this newest release
1043           may reach you before the release is actually available at the ftp
1044           sites listed here. The sources are available from the following
1045           locations:
1046         </para>
1047         <itemizedlist>
1048           <listitem>
1049             <para>
1050               <ulink url="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/ALPHA/wine/development/">
1051                http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/ALPHA/wine/development/
1052               </ulink>
1053             </para>
1054           </listitem>
1055           <listitem>
1056             <para>
1057               <ulink url="ftp://ftp.infomagic.com/pub/mirrors/linux/sunsite/ALPHA/wine/development/">
1058               ftp://ftp.infomagic.com/pub/mirrors/linux/sunsite/ALPHA/wine/development/
1059               </ulink>
1060             </para>
1061           </listitem>
1062
1063           <listitem>
1064             <para>
1065               <ulink url="ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/linux/mirrors/sunsite.unc.edu/ALPHA/wine/development/">
1066               ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/linux/mirrors/sunsite.unc.edu/ALPHA/wine/development/
1067               </ulink>
1068             </para>
1069           </listitem>
1070
1071           <listitem>
1072             <para>
1073               <ulink url="ftp://orcus.progsoc.uts.edu.au/pub/Wine/development/">
1074               ftp://orcus.progsoc.uts.edu.au/pub/Wine/development/
1075               </ulink>
1076             </para>
1077           </listitem>
1078
1079         </itemizedlist>
1080         <para>
1081           It should also be available from any other site that mirrors
1082           ibiblio.org. For more download locations, see
1083           <ulink url="http://www.compucan.com/Lycos.htm">lycos</ulink> Some of
1084           these ftp sites may archive previous versions of Wine as well as the
1085           current one. To determine which is the latest one, look at the
1086           distribution file name, which will take the form
1087           Wine-YYYYMMDD.tar.gz. Simply replace YYYYMMDD in the distribution
1088           file name with the numbers for year, month and date, respectively.
1089           The latest one is the one to get.
1090         </para>
1091         <para>
1092           Wine binary packages are available for several OS'es and
1093           distributions. See
1094           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/site/download">
1095           the download page</ulink> for the most recent list.
1096         </para>
1097       </answer>
1098       </qandaentry>
1099
1100       <qandaentry>
1101       <question id="Is-there-a-CVS-tree">
1102         <para>Is there a CVS tree?</para>
1103       </question>
1104       <answer>
1105         <para>
1106           Current Wine sources are also available via anonymous client/server
1107           CVS. You will need CVS 1.9 or above. If you are coming from behind a
1108           firewall, you will either need a hole in the firewall for the CVS
1109           port (2401) or use SOCKS.
1110         </para>
1111         <para>
1112           To login to the CVS tree, do
1113         </para>
1114         <screen>
1115 export CVSROOT=:pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.com/home/wine
1116 cvs login
1117         </screen>
1118         <para>
1119           Use "cvs" as the password (without the quotes). Note that
1120           <filename>/home/wine</filename> is a path on the server, not on your
1121           machine. To check out the entire Wine source tree (which may be
1122           slow), use
1123         </para>
1124         <screen>
1125 cvs -z 3 checkout wine
1126         </screen>
1127         <para>
1128           or if you just want a subtree, or individual file, you can do that
1129           too with
1130         </para>
1131         <screen>
1132 cvs -z 3 checkout wine/ANNOUNCE
1133         </screen>
1134         <para>
1135           Be aware, though, that getting the entire Wine source tree via CVS
1136           is pretty slow, especially compared to getting Wine from an FTP
1137           mirror near you. For a CVS mirror list, see
1138           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/site/cvs#cvsservers">
1139           http://www.winehq.com/site/cvs#cvsservers</ulink>
1140         </para>
1141         <para>
1142           Patch files are also available, so that you don't have to download,
1143           install, and configure the entire distribution each week if you are
1144           current to the previous release. Patch file release names follow the
1145           same numbering convention as do the general releases, and take the
1146           form
1147         </para>
1148         <para>
1149           Wine-YYYYMMDD.diff.gz
1150         </para>
1151         <para>
1152           Patch files are available from the same sites that distribute the
1153           full release. To upgrade to a new release by using a patch file,
1154           first cd to the top-level directory of the release (the one
1155           containing the README file), then do a "make clean", and patch the
1156           release with
1157         </para>
1158         <screen>
1159 gunzip -c patch-file | patch -p1
1160         </screen>
1161         <para>
1162           where patch-file is the name of the patch file something like
1163           Wine-YYYYMMDD.diff.gz. You can then re-run ./configure, and then run
1164           make depend && make
1165         </para>
1166         <para>
1167           If you are mirroring the Wine distribution from the tsx-11 site and
1168           wish to be listed here in this FAQ, please add it to the
1169           "things to go into the documentation" area.
1170         </para>
1171       </answer>
1172       </qandaentry>
1173
1174       <qandaentry>
1175       <question id="Can-I-get-Wine-using-cvsup">
1176         <para>Can I get Wine using cvsup?</para>
1177       </question>
1178       <answer>
1179         <para>
1180           The CVS mirrors don't offer cvsup support yet, but the main server
1181           does. Use a <filename>wine.sup</filename> file of:
1182         </para>
1183         <screen>
1184 *default host=cvs.winehq.com
1185 *default base=/cvs
1186 *default prefix=/cvs/wine
1187 *default release=wine
1188 *default delete
1189
1190 # If your network link is a T1 or faster, comment out the following line.
1191 #*default compress
1192
1193 *default use-rel-suffix
1194 wine
1195         </screen>
1196      </answer>
1197      </qandaentry>
1198     </qandadiv>
1199
1200     <qandadiv id="Installing-And-Configuring-Wine">
1201       <title>Installing and Configuring Wine</title>
1202       <qandaentry>
1203       <question id="How-do-I-compile-the-Wine-source-code">
1204         <para>How do I compile the Wine distribution source code?</para>
1205       </question>
1206       <answer>
1207         <para>
1208           See the README (<ulink url="http://source.winehq.org/source/README">http://source.winehq.org/source/README</ulink>) for instructions.
1209           Additionally, you may want to set the <parameter>TMPDIR</parameter>
1210           environment variable <command>TMPDIR=~/tmp</command> or
1211           <command>TMPDIR=/tmp</command> (if you are root).
1212         </para>
1213       </answer>
1214       </qandaentry>
1215
1216       <qandaentry>
1217       <question id="How-do-I-install-Windows-in-Wine">
1218         <para>How do I install Windows in Wine under Linux?</para>
1219       </question>
1220       <answer>
1221         <para>
1222           Simple answer: you CAN'T. Windows demands direct access to the
1223           hardware and cannot get it with Wine and UNIX in the way
1224         </para>
1225         <para>
1226           Wine is supposed to be primarily used WITHOUT Windows. If you want
1227           to use a Windows installation, then use an existing installation
1228           alongside the UNIX installation (see the dual-boot HOWTO for your OS
1229           for more details). Or alternatively use the cabextract utility to
1230           extract Windows install archives to a directory that you want to use
1231           as Wine's Windows tree.
1232         </para>
1233       </answer>
1234       </qandaentry>
1235
1236       <qandaentry>
1237       <question id="How-do-I-configure-Wine-to-run-on-my-system">
1238         <para>How do I configure Wine to run on my system?</para>
1239       </question>
1240       <answer>
1241         <para>
1242           Wine requires that you have a config file as
1243           <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>. The format of this file is
1244           explained in the <filename>wine.conf</filename> man page. The file
1245           <filename>documentation/samples/config</filename>
1246           (<ulink url="http://source.winehq.org/source/documentation/samples/config">
1247           http://source.winehq.org/source/documentation/samples/config</ulink>)
1248           contains a config file example. More explicit directions can be
1249           found in the <filename>README</filename> file
1250           (<ulink url="http://source.winehq.org/source/README">
1251           http://source.winehq.org/source/README</ulink>) that will be located in
1252           the base Wine directory after you gunzip and untar the distribution
1253           file.
1254         </para>
1255       </answer>
1256       </qandaentry>
1257
1258       <qandaentry>
1259       <question id="How-do-I-upgrade-configuration">
1260         <para>How do I upgrade Wine without losing my working configuration?</para>
1261       </question>
1262       <answer>
1263         <para>
1264           Upgrading the wine installation does not affect the existing wine
1265           configuration. So after upgrading wine you still have the old (working )
1266           wine configuration.
1267         </para>
1268       </answer>
1269       </qandaentry>
1270
1271       <qandaentry>
1272       <question id="If-I-use-Windows-which-versions-OK">
1273         <para>If I want to use a Windows install, which versions are OK?</para>
1274       </question>
1275       <answer>
1276         <para>
1277           Either use a classic no-windows install (Wine is getting better all
1278           the time) or use a Win9x install (Win95, 98, 98SE, ME). DON'T
1279           configure Wine to use an NT-based Windows install (NT, Win2K, WinXP).
1280         </para>
1281         <para>
1282           In general, most Windows installations contain vast quantities of garbage
1283           that can confuse Wine and make it less reliable. If you can, it's best to
1284           install the programs you want into Wines fake windows drive.
1285         </para>
1286       </answer>
1287       </qandaentry>
1288
1289       <qandaentry>
1290       <question id="If-I-use-Windows-which-one-works-best">
1291         <para>If I use a Windows install with Wine, which one works best?</para>
1292       </question>
1293       <answer>
1294         <para>
1295           As of 02/2002:
1296         </para>
1297         <para>
1298           I'd say Win98SE is the best version to use with Wine, as it's fairly
1299           widespread amongst developers and relatively old. Using Win2K files
1300           is <emphasis>definitely</emphasis> worse than a plain no-windows
1301           Wine install, and Win ME is said to be problematic, too (as probably
1302           no developer uses it). In short: all Win9x &lt;= W98SE are good.
1303         </para>
1304       </answer>
1305       </qandaentry>
1306
1307       <qandaentry>
1308       <question id="Installing-Visual-Basic-apps-wont-run">
1309         <para>
1310           Installing applications generated by Visual Basic won't run. What
1311           should I do?
1312         </para>
1313       </question>
1314       <answer>
1315         <para>
1316           Make sure you have all the VB run time libraries installed. You may
1317           need to use the native DLL vbrun60.dll. You can get some from dll-files.com.
1318         </para>
1319       </answer>
1320       </qandaentry>
1321
1322       <qandaentry>
1323       <question id="When-I-click-on-exe-file-nothing-happens">
1324         <para>When I click on *.exe file in my file Manager, nothing happens.</para>
1325       </question>
1326       <answer>
1327         <para>
1328           The normal Wine releases don't have .exe extensions registered for
1329           Wine in KDE/Gnome yet. You have to open a terminal window instead
1330           (often an icon showing a "black screen") and type something like:
1331         </para>
1332         <screen>
1333 cd /my/windows/program/directory
1334 wine myprogram.exe
1335         </screen>
1336         <para>
1337           Or alternatively you could download the CodeWeavers Wine preview
1338           which includes .exe extension registration for KDE/Gnome and a nice
1339           setup program.
1340         </para>
1341       </answer>
1342       </qandaentry>
1343
1344       <qandaentry>
1345       <question id="bash-wine-Command-not-found-What-can-I-do">
1346         <para>bash "wine: Command not found" What can I do?</para>
1347       </question>
1348       <answer>
1349         <para>
1350           Try to re login into bash. That might fix it.
1351         </para>
1352         <para>
1353           If it doesn't, then make sure the wine binary is in your
1354           <parameter>PATH</parameter>.
1355         </para>
1356         <para>
1357           Run as root:
1358         </Para>
1359         <screen>
1360 find / -name "wine" -type f -perm +111
1361         </screen>
1362         <para>
1363           to find the path where the wine binary is in. Then check whether
1364         <parameter>PATH</parameter> includes it:
1365         </para>
1366         <screen>
1367 echo $PATH
1368         </screen>
1369         <para>
1370           If not, add that e.g. to <filename>/etc/profile</filename> by doing:
1371         </para>
1372         <screen>
1373 export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/wine/binary
1374         </screen>
1375         <para>
1376           That should help.
1377         </para>
1378         <para>
1379            If you used a package manager (<command>rpm</command> or
1380            <command>apt</command>) - Verify your packages. The package
1381            <filename>winesetuptk.rpm</filename> is only a front-end for
1382            making a meaningful config file, it DOES NOT install the wine
1383            package...
1384         </para>
1385         <para>
1386            For complete packages, use <ulink url="http://rpmseek.com/rpm-pl/wine.html?hl=com&amp;cx=0::">
1387            http://rpmseek.com/</ulink> or the <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/site/download">
1388            Download</ulink> section.
1389         </para>
1390       </answer>
1391       </qandaentry>
1392
1393       <qandaentry>
1394       <question id="How-do-I-remove-Wine-from-my-Computer">
1395         <para>How do I remove Wine from my Computer?</para>
1396       </question>
1397       <answer>
1398         <para>
1399           All you have to do is to type:
1400         </para>
1401         <screen>
1402 rm -fR \[/path/\]Wine*
1403         </screen>
1404         <para>
1405           Make sure that you specify the exact path when using the powerful
1406           <command>rm -fR</command> command. If you are afraid that you might
1407           delete something important, or might otherwise delete other files
1408           within your file system, <command>cd</command> into each Wine
1409           sub directory singly and delete the files found there manually,
1410           one file or directory at a time.
1411         </para>
1412         <para>
1413         Neither the Wine developers and programmers, nor the Wine FAQ
1414         author/maintainer, can be held responsible for your deleting any
1415         files in your own file system.
1416         </para>
1417       </answer>
1418       </qandaentry>
1419     </qandadiv>
1420
1421     <qandadiv id="About-running-Wine">
1422       <title>About running Wine</title>
1423       <qandaentry>
1424       <question id="How-do-I-run-an-MS-Windows-program">
1425         <para>How do I run an MS Windows program under Wine?</para>
1426       </question>
1427       <answer>
1428         <para>
1429           When invoking Wine, you must specify the entire path to the
1430           executable, or by file name only. For example to run Windows'
1431           solitaire, type any of the following:
1432         </para>
1433         <itemizedlist>
1434           <listitem>
1435           <para>
1436             <command>wine sol</command> or <command>wine sol.exe</command>
1437            (using the search path to locate the file).
1438           </para>
1439           </listitem>
1440           <listitem>
1441           <para>
1442             <command>wine c:\\windows\\sol.exe</command>
1443            (using a DOS file name).
1444           </para>
1445           </listitem>
1446           <listitem>
1447           <para>
1448             <command>wine /usr/windows/sol.exe</command>
1449            (using a UNIX file name).
1450           </para>
1451           </listitem>
1452           <listitem>
1453           <para>
1454             <command>wine "c:\windows\sol.exe"</command>
1455             (using quoted DOS file name).
1456           </para>
1457           </listitem>
1458         </itemizedlist>
1459         <para>
1460           The path of the file will also be added to the path when a full name
1461           is supplied on the command line.
1462
1463         </para>
1464       </answer>
1465       </qandaentry>
1466
1467       <qandaentry>
1468       <question id="Wine-cannot-find-MS-Windows-on-my-drive">
1469         <para>
1470           I have installed and configured Wine, but Wine cannot find MS
1471           Windows on my drive. Where did I go wrong?
1472         </para>
1473       </question>
1474       <answer>
1475         <para>
1476           If you have a DOS partition, first make sure that you have mounted
1477           it, either by putting the entry into <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>,
1478           or by manually mounting it.
1479         </para>
1480         <para>
1481           Remember too that unless your version of UNIX can see through it, or
1482           you are running a utility that can see through it, your DOS
1483           partition must not be located on a Drive spaced, Double spaced or
1484           Stackered partition, as neither Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD or Wine can
1485           natively 'see' files located in these compressed DOS partitions.
1486         </para>
1487         <para>
1488           Check your path statements in the <filename>wine.conf</filename>
1489           file. No capital letters may be used in paths, as they are
1490           automatically converted to lowercase.
1491         </para>
1492       </answer>
1493       </qandaentry>
1494
1495       <qandaentry>
1496       <question id="Parts-of-my-app-do-not-work-What-is-wrong">
1497         <para>
1498           I was able to get various MS Windows programs to run, but parts of
1499           them do not work. What is wrong?
1500         </para>
1501       </question>
1502       <answer>
1503         <para>
1504           Wine is not complete at this time, so some of each programs'
1505           features may not work. They will in time as more of the MS
1506           Windows API calls are included in Wine.
1507         </para>
1508       </answer>
1509       </qandaentry>
1510
1511       <qandaentry>
1512       <question id="Menus-do-not-work-how-can-I-exit">
1513         <para>
1514           I have run various MS Windows programs, but since the program menus
1515           do not work, how can I exit these programs?
1516         </para>
1517       </question>
1518       <answer>
1519         <para>
1520           Kill the xterm shell window that you called up to run your MS
1521           Windows program, and the X window that appeared with the program
1522           will be killed too.
1523         </para>
1524       </answer>
1525       </qandaentry>
1526
1527       <qandaentry>
1528         <question id="My-app-doesnt-work-what-can-i-do">
1529           <para>
1530             My program doesn't work, what can I do?
1531           </para>
1532         </question>
1533         <answer>
1534           <para>
1535             If you are a programmer and know C, then start debugging
1536             Wine and help us make it better! If you can't, then you will
1537             have to either convince a Wine developer to try and make your
1538             program work (there must be a download able version or demo for
1539             that), or hire somebody to do it for you. If this application
1540             is an internal corporate application, you may be able to hire a
1541             Wine developer to do consulting work for you on the matter.
1542           </para>
1543           <para>
1544             Alternatively, you may be able to get the app working by
1545             taking native DLLs from a Microsoft Windows install, and using
1546             them (set the dlls to native in the config file). Not all DLLs
1547             can be replaced that way - in particular DirectX cannot be, nor
1548             can some core system DLLs like user, ntdll, kernel32 etc
1549           </para>
1550         </answer>
1551       </qandaentry>
1552
1553       <qandaentry>
1554       <question id="Can-I-use-Wine-with-other-Linux-Distros">
1555         <para>Can I use Wine with SuSE, Peanut or other Linux Distro's?</para>
1556       </question>
1557       <answer>
1558         <para>
1559           You can use Wine on any sufficiently recent Linux installation. The
1560           amount of work getting Wine up and running depends on whether there
1561           are proper packages available or a source compile has to be done.
1562         </para>
1563       </answer>
1564       </qandaentry>
1565
1566       <qandaentry>
1567       <question id="Does-Wine-work-with-AMD-Processors">
1568         <para>Does Wine work with AMD Processors?</para>
1569       </question>
1570       <answer>
1571         <para>
1572           Yes, it does. Wine should work on any processor compatible with
1573           the Pentium or greater.
1574         </para>
1575       </answer>
1576       </qandaentry>
1577
1578        <qandaentry>
1579       <question id="Can-I-launch-Unix-app-from-Windows-app">
1580         <para> Can I launch a Unix program from a Windows program?</para>
1581       </question>
1582       <answer>
1583         <para>
1584           Sure, Wine supports that. Just enter the unix program name wherever
1585           a program has something that it's supposed to execute, and it
1586           should just work.
1587         </para>
1588       </answer>
1589       </qandaentry>
1590       <qandaentry>
1591       <question id="Error-with-installshield-6">
1592         <para>
1593           I get <quote>Error installing iKernel.exe: (0x1400)</quote>
1594           when running an Install shield 6 installer.
1595         </para>
1596       </question>
1597       <answer>
1598         <para>
1599           If you get the error "Error installing iKernel.exe: (0x1400)" at any
1600           point, it's probably because there are leftover processes from a
1601           previous try. You can verify this with the command
1602         </para>
1603         <para><prompt>$ </><command>ps augxw | grep wine</command></para>
1604         <para>
1605           If that command shows old copies of wine running your setup,
1606           you need to kill them before you can run the setup program.
1607           If there are no other Wine programs running, you can kill them
1608           all with the command
1609         </para>
1610         <para><prompt>$ </><command>killall wine</command></para>
1611         <para>
1612           If you're also running Wine programs you care about, you'll
1613           have to kill off the old Setup instances one by one using
1614           kill and the individual PIDs (or perhaps Wine's spiffy Task Manager,
1615           which doesn't exist yet).
1616         </para>
1617         <para>
1618           You should repeat the <command>ps</command> to make sure the old
1619           Wine processes are gone.
1620         </para>
1621        </answer>
1622       </qandaentry>
1623     </qandadiv>
1624
1625     <qandadiv id="Getting-help">
1626       <title>Getting help</title>
1627       <qandaentry>
1628       <question id="Is-there-any-documentation-for-Wine">
1629         <para>Is there any documentation for Wine?</para>
1630       </question>
1631       <answer>
1632         <para>
1633           Yes, see <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/site/documentation">
1634           http://www.winehq.org/site/documentation.</ulink>
1635         </para>
1636       </answer>
1637       </qandaentry>
1638
1639       <qandaentry>
1640       <question id="I-have-written-some-documententation">
1641         <para>
1642           I couldn't find the answer to my question in the documentation, but
1643           I've written a document explaining how to solve it. What should I do?
1644         </para>
1645       </question>
1646       <answer>
1647         <para>
1648           Updates and additions to the Wine documentation directory should be
1649           sent to the wine-patches mailing list at
1650           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/site/forums">
1651           http://www.winehq.com/site/forums</ulink>. Website and FAQ
1652           additions should be added to the appropriate Wine Knowledge base directory.
1653         </para>
1654       </answer>
1655       </qandaentry>
1656
1657       <qandaentry>
1658       <question id="Is-there-a-Usenet-newsgroup-for-Wine">
1659         <para>Is there a Usenet newsgroup for Wine?</para>
1660       </question>
1661       <answer>
1662         <para>
1663           Yes, and it's called
1664           <ulink url="news:comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine">
1665           comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine</ulink>. The newsgroup serves as a
1666           place for users and developers to discuss Wine, and for minor
1667           announcements for the general public. Major announcements will be
1668           cross posted to other appropriate newsgroups, such as the following:
1669         </para>
1670         <itemizedlist>
1671           <listitem>
1672           <para>
1673             <ulink url="news:comp.os.linux.announce">
1674             comp.os.linux.announce</ulink>
1675           </para>
1676           </listitem>
1677           <listitem>
1678           <para>
1679             <ulink url="news:ccomp.windows.x.announce">
1680             comp.windows.x.announce</ulink>
1681           </para>
1682           </listitem>
1683           <listitem>
1684           <para>
1685             <ulink url="news:ccomp.emulators.announce">
1686             comp.emulators.announce</ulink>
1687           </para>
1688           </listitem>
1689         </itemizedlist>
1690         <para>
1691           If your Usenet site does not carry these newsgroups, please urge
1692           your ISP's sysadmin to add and/or uplink them.
1693         </para>
1694       </answer>
1695       </qandaentry>
1696
1697       <qandaentry>
1698       <question id="Is-there-a-World-Wide-Web-site-for-Wine">
1699         <para>Is there a World Wide Web site for Wine?</para>
1700       </question>
1701       <answer>
1702         <para>
1703           Wine HQ (<ulink url="http://www.winehq.com">http://www.winehq.com</ulink>) is the official site.
1704         </para>
1705       </answer>
1706       </qandaentry>
1707
1708       <qandaentry>
1709       <question id="Is-there-an-IRC-channel-for-Wine">
1710         <para>Is there an IRC channel for Wine?</para>
1711       </question>
1712       <answer>
1713         <para>
1714           Sure. It's channel <filename>#WineHQ</filename> on
1715           <filename>irc.freenode.net</filename> see
1716           (<ulink url="http://freenode.net">http://freenode.net</ulink>).
1717           Usually several Wine developers hang out there just to help YOU ;-)
1718         </para>
1719       </answer>
1720       </qandaentry>
1721
1722       <qandaentry>
1723       <question id="I-think-I-found-a-bug-How-do-I-report-it">
1724         <para>
1725           I think I've found a bug. How do I report this bug to the Wine
1726           programming team?
1727         </para>
1728       </question>
1729       <answer>
1730         <para>
1731           Bug reports should be submitted to our online Bugzilla system
1732           (<ulink url="http://bugs.winehq.com/">http://bugs.winehq.com/</ulink>).
1733           You should include at least the following:
1734         </para>
1735         <itemizedlist>
1736           <listitem>
1737           <para>
1738             The Wine version tested
1739           </para>
1740           </listitem>
1741           <listitem>
1742           <para>
1743             The Windows application name, including the version, and, if
1744             applicable, a URL the application can be downloaded from
1745           </para>
1746           </listitem>
1747           <listitem>
1748           <para>
1749             A brief description of the bug
1750           </para>
1751           </listitem>
1752           <listitem>
1753           <para>
1754             The relevant part(s) of the output of the Wine debugger
1755           </para>
1756           </listitem>
1757           <listitem>
1758           <para>
1759             A screen shot of the visual problem, if applicable
1760           </para>
1761           </listitem>
1762         </itemizedlist>
1763         <para>
1764          For more information about reporting bugs please see the
1765          <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/Docs/wine-user/bug-reporting.shtml">
1766          How to report a bug</ulink> section of the Wine Users Guide.
1767         </para>
1768       </answer>
1769       </qandaentry>
1770     </qandadiv>
1771
1772     <qandadiv id="Helping-Wine-or-becoming-a-Wine-developer">
1773       <title>Helping Wine or becoming a Wine developer</title>
1774       <qandaentry>
1775       <question id="How-do-I-become-a-Wine-developer">
1776         <para>How do I become a Wine developer? What do I need to know?</para>
1777       </question>
1778       <answer>
1779         <para>
1780           If you can program C, that's a good start. Download the sources via
1781           (<ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/site/cvs">CVS,</ulink>)
1782           subscribe to the mailing lists, look around the source, and
1783           pay attention to the comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine newsgroup
1784           and the mailing lists (<ulink
1785           url="http://www.winehq.com/site/forums">http://www.winehq.com/site/forums</ulink>).
1786           See if there's anything that you think you can fix or work
1787           on. You won't have much trouble finding areas that need work
1788           in Wine (grep for FIXMEs in the source).
1789         </para>
1790       </answer>
1791       </qandaentry>
1792
1793       <qandaentry>
1794       <question id="How-can-I-contribute-to-the-Wine-project">
1795         <para>How can I help contribute to the Wine project, and in what way(s)?</para>
1796       </question>
1797       <answer>
1798         <para>
1799           You can contribute programming or documentation skills, or monetary
1800           or equipment donations, to aid the Wine developers in reaching their
1801           goals.
1802         </para>
1803         <para>
1804           For a list of ideas of how you can help, please consult the
1805           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/site/contributing">
1806           Wine contrib page</ulink>.
1807         </para>
1808       </answer>
1809       </qandaentry>
1810
1811       <qandaentry>
1812       <question id="I-want-to-help-beta-test-Wine">
1813         <para>I want to help beta test Wine. How can I do this?</para>
1814       </question>
1815       <answer>
1816         <para>
1817           Wine still consists of some Alpha code at this time. However, anyone
1818           is welcome to download the latest version, and try it out at any
1819           time.
1820         </para>
1821       </answer>
1822       </qandaentry>
1823
1824       <qandaentry>
1825       <question id="I-wrote-some-code-I-would-like-to-submit">
1826         <para>
1827           I have written some code that I would like to submit to the Wine
1828           project. How do I go about doing this?
1829         </para>
1830       </question>
1831       <answer>
1832         <para>
1833           Submitting a patch for inclusion in Wine is pretty simple.
1834           Basically all you have to do is send the patch to the
1835           wine-patches mailing list
1836           (<ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/mailman/listinfo/wine-patches">http://www.winehq.org/mailman/listinfo/wine-patches</>).
1837           Still there are a couple of recommendations about the patch format
1838           and all so it's best to read our page describing <ulink
1839           url="http://www.winehq.com/site/sending_patches">how to submit
1840           patches</>. This will also give you more details about the whole
1841           process and in particular to what will happen to your patch once
1842           submitted.
1843         </para>
1844       </answer>
1845       </qandaentry>
1846     </qandadiv>
1847
1848     <qandadiv id="Developing-programs-using-Wine-WineLib">
1849       <title>Developing programs using Wine/WineLib</title>
1850       <qandaentry>
1851       <question id="Can-I-use-Wine-to-port-Win32-sources-to-Unix">
1852         <para>Can I use Wine to port my Win32 sources to Unix?</para>
1853       </question>
1854       <answer>
1855         <para>
1856           That is the idea of Winelib. Right now you may still have some
1857           difficulties, but this is changing all the time. Read the
1858           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/Docs/winelib-user/">Winelib User's Guide</ulink> for info.
1859
1860         </para>
1861       </answer>
1862       </qandaentry>
1863       <qandaentry>
1864       <question id="Will-MFC-work-with-Wine-What-do-I-need-to-do">
1865         <para>Will MFC work with Wine? What do I need to do?</para>
1866       </question>
1867       <answer>
1868         <para>
1869           Wine is not implementing an MFC replacement nor does it intend to.
1870           However it is possible (with a lot of work) to compile the MFC from
1871           source and thus produce an <filename>mfc42.dll.so</filename> library.
1872         </para>
1873         <para>
1874           Please refer to the
1875           <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/Docs/winelib-user/">Winelib User's Guide</ulink> for how to do this.
1876         </para>
1877       </answer>
1878       </qandaentry>
1879
1880       <qandaentry>
1881       <question id="Are-there-commercial-apps-ported-using-Wine">
1882         <para>
1883           Are there any commercial applications which have been ported
1884           using Wine?
1885         </para>
1886       </question>
1887       <answer>
1888         <para>
1889           Here are few examples of applications ported using Wine or Winelib:
1890         </para>
1891         <itemizedlist>
1892           <listitem>
1893           <para>
1894             Corel's WordPerfect Office Suite 2000 was ported to Linux using
1895             Wine.
1896           </para>
1897           </listitem>
1898           <listitem>
1899           <para>
1900             Kylix, the Linux version of Delphi, was ported to Linux using
1901             Winelib. The IDE actually uses a combination of QT and Winelib
1902             which would not have been possible to achieve using only Wine.
1903             The generated applications however do not depend on Wine in
1904             any way.
1905           </para>
1906           </listitem>
1907           <listitem>
1908           <para>
1909             MusicMatch Jukebox 5 has also been
1910             <ulink url="http://www.itworld.com/nl/lnx_desktop/01042001/">ported</>
1911             to Linux using Winelib. However more recent versions have not, and
1912             version 5 is no longer available.
1913           </para>
1914           </listitem>
1915           <listitem>
1916           <para>
1917             Ability Office
1918             (<ulink url="http://www.ability.com/linux/abilitylinux.php">http://www.ability.com/linux/abilitylinux.php</ulink>)
1919           </para>
1920           </listitem>
1921           <listitem>
1922           <para>
1923             IBM's Websphere
1924             (<ulink url="http://www7b.boulder.ibm.com/dl/swws/swwsgddb-p">http://www7b.boulder.ibm.com/dl/swws/swwsgddb-p</ulink>)
1925           </para>
1926           </listitem>
1927         </itemizedlist>
1928         <para>
1929           Many other important applications have already been ported. (we are
1930           speaking of several top 500 applications here)
1931         </para>
1932       </answer>
1933       </qandaentry>
1934
1935       <qandaentry>
1936       <question id="How-can-I-detect-Wine">
1937         <para>How can I detect Wine?</para>
1938       </question>
1939       <answer>
1940         <para>
1941           You really shouldn't want to do this. If there's a quirk in Wine
1942           you need to work around, it's much better to fix it in Wine.
1943         </para>
1944       </answer>
1945       </qandaentry>
1946
1947
1948     </qandadiv>
1949
1950     <qandadiv id="Wine-HQ-issues">
1951       <title>Wine HQ issues</title>
1952       <qandaentry>
1953       <question id="Why-are-the-maillists-set-to-reply-to-author">
1954         <para>
1955           Why are the mail lists set to reply to author, not to mailing list?
1956         </para>
1957       </question>
1958       <answer>
1959         <para>
1960           There are very valid reasons for doing so.
1961         </para>
1962       </answer>
1963       </qandaentry>
1964
1965       <qandaentry>
1966       <question id="How-to-unsubscribe-from-the-mailing-lists">
1967         <para>How to unsubscribe from the mailing lists?</para>
1968       </question>
1969       <answer>
1970         <para>
1971           Please see: <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/site/forums">http://www.winehq.org/site/forums</ulink>
1972           And select [(Un-)Subscribe]
1973         </para>
1974       </answer>
1975       </qandaentry>
1976
1977     </qandadiv>
1978
1979   </qandaset>
1980
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