msi: Add tests for removing values from .ini files.
[wine/hacks.git] / dlls / msi / sql.y
blob548a87824446bae6a743634cf8cbc6bb66aa1a51
1 %{
3 /*
4 * Implementation of the Microsoft Installer (msi.dll)
6 * Copyright 2002-2004 Mike McCormack for CodeWeavers
8 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
10 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
11 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
13 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
19 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
20 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
24 #include "config.h"
26 #include <stdarg.h>
27 #include <stdio.h>
28 #include <stdlib.h>
30 #include "windef.h"
31 #include "winbase.h"
32 #include "query.h"
33 #include "wine/list.h"
34 #include "wine/debug.h"
35 #include "wine/unicode.h"
37 #define YYLEX_PARAM info
38 #define YYPARSE_PARAM info
40 static int sql_error(const char *str);
42 WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(msi);
44 typedef struct tag_SQL_input
46 MSIDATABASE *db;
47 LPCWSTR command;
48 DWORD n, len;
49 UINT r;
50 MSIVIEW **view; /* View structure for the resulting query. This value
51 * tracks the view currently being created so we can free
52 * this view on syntax error.
54 struct list *mem;
55 } SQL_input;
57 static UINT SQL_getstring( void *info, const struct sql_str *strdata, LPWSTR *str );
58 static INT SQL_getint( void *info );
59 static int sql_lex( void *SQL_lval, SQL_input *info );
61 static LPWSTR parser_add_table( void *info, LPCWSTR list, LPCWSTR table );
62 static void *parser_alloc( void *info, unsigned int sz );
63 static column_info *parser_alloc_column( void *info, LPCWSTR table, LPCWSTR column );
65 static BOOL SQL_MarkPrimaryKeys( column_info **cols, column_info *keys);
67 static struct expr * EXPR_complex( void *info, struct expr *l, UINT op, struct expr *r );
68 static struct expr * EXPR_unary( void *info, struct expr *l, UINT op );
69 static struct expr * EXPR_column( void *info, const column_info *column );
70 static struct expr * EXPR_ival( void *info, int val );
71 static struct expr * EXPR_sval( void *info, const struct sql_str *str );
72 static struct expr * EXPR_wildcard( void *info );
74 #define PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, result, current_view ) \
75 *sql->view = current_view; \
76 result = current_view
80 %pure-parser
82 %union
84 struct sql_str str;
85 LPWSTR string;
86 column_info *column_list;
87 MSIVIEW *query;
88 struct expr *expr;
89 USHORT column_type;
90 int integer;
93 %token TK_ALTER TK_AND TK_BY TK_CHAR TK_COMMA TK_CREATE TK_DELETE TK_DROP
94 %token TK_DISTINCT TK_DOT TK_EQ TK_FREE TK_FROM TK_GE TK_GT TK_HOLD TK_ADD
95 %token <str> TK_ID
96 %token TK_ILLEGAL TK_INSERT TK_INT
97 %token <str> TK_INTEGER
98 %token TK_INTO TK_IS TK_KEY TK_LE TK_LONG TK_LONGCHAR TK_LP TK_LT
99 %token TK_LOCALIZABLE TK_MINUS TK_NE TK_NOT TK_NULL
100 %token TK_OBJECT TK_OR TK_ORDER TK_PRIMARY TK_RP
101 %token TK_SELECT TK_SET TK_SHORT TK_SPACE TK_STAR
102 %token <str> TK_STRING
103 %token TK_TABLE TK_TEMPORARY TK_UPDATE TK_VALUES TK_WHERE TK_WILDCARD
106 * These are extra tokens used by the lexer but never seen by the
107 * parser. We put them in a rule so that the parser generator will
108 * add them to the parse.h output file.
111 %nonassoc END_OF_FILE ILLEGAL SPACE UNCLOSED_STRING COMMENT FUNCTION
112 COLUMN AGG_FUNCTION.
114 %type <string> table tablelist id
115 %type <column_list> selcollist column column_and_type column_def table_def
116 %type <column_list> column_assignment update_assign_list constlist
117 %type <query> query from fromtable selectfrom unorderedsel
118 %type <query> oneupdate onedelete oneselect onequery onecreate oneinsert onealter onedrop
119 %type <expr> expr val column_val const_val
120 %type <column_type> column_type data_type data_type_l data_count
121 %type <integer> number alterop
123 /* Reference: http://mates.ms.mff.cuni.cz/oracle/doc/ora815nt/server.815/a67779/operator.htm */
124 %left TK_OR
125 %left TK_AND
126 %left TK_NOT
127 %left TK_EQ TK_NE TK_LT TK_GT TK_LE TK_GE TK_LIKE
128 %right TK_NEGATION
132 query:
133 onequery
135 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
136 *sql->view = $1;
140 onequery:
141 oneselect
142 | onecreate
143 | oneinsert
144 | oneupdate
145 | onedelete
146 | onealter
147 | onedrop
150 oneinsert:
151 TK_INSERT TK_INTO table TK_LP selcollist TK_RP TK_VALUES TK_LP constlist TK_RP
153 SQL_input *sql = (SQL_input*) info;
154 MSIVIEW *insert = NULL;
156 INSERT_CreateView( sql->db, &insert, $3, $5, $9, FALSE );
157 if( !insert )
158 YYABORT;
160 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, insert );
162 | TK_INSERT TK_INTO table TK_LP selcollist TK_RP TK_VALUES TK_LP constlist TK_RP TK_TEMPORARY
164 SQL_input *sql = (SQL_input*) info;
165 MSIVIEW *insert = NULL;
167 INSERT_CreateView( sql->db, &insert, $3, $5, $9, TRUE );
168 if( !insert )
169 YYABORT;
171 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, insert );
175 onecreate:
176 TK_CREATE TK_TABLE table TK_LP table_def TK_RP
178 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
179 MSIVIEW *create = NULL;
180 UINT r;
182 if( !$5 )
183 YYABORT;
184 r = CREATE_CreateView( sql->db, &create, $3, $5, FALSE );
185 if( !create )
187 sql->r = r;
188 YYABORT;
191 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, create );
193 | TK_CREATE TK_TABLE table TK_LP table_def TK_RP TK_HOLD
195 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
196 MSIVIEW *create = NULL;
198 if( !$5 )
199 YYABORT;
200 CREATE_CreateView( sql->db, &create, $3, $5, TRUE );
201 if( !create )
202 YYABORT;
204 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, create );
208 oneupdate:
209 TK_UPDATE table TK_SET update_assign_list TK_WHERE expr
211 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
212 MSIVIEW *update = NULL;
214 UPDATE_CreateView( sql->db, &update, $2, $4, $6 );
215 if( !update )
216 YYABORT;
218 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, update );
220 | TK_UPDATE table TK_SET update_assign_list
222 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
223 MSIVIEW *update = NULL;
225 UPDATE_CreateView( sql->db, &update, $2, $4, NULL );
226 if( !update )
227 YYABORT;
229 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, update );
233 onedelete:
234 TK_DELETE from
236 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
237 MSIVIEW *delete = NULL;
239 DELETE_CreateView( sql->db, &delete, $2 );
240 if( !delete )
241 YYABORT;
243 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, delete );
247 onealter:
248 TK_ALTER TK_TABLE table alterop
250 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
251 MSIVIEW *alter = NULL;
253 ALTER_CreateView( sql->db, &alter, $3, NULL, $4 );
254 if( !alter )
255 YYABORT;
257 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, alter );
259 | TK_ALTER TK_TABLE table TK_ADD column_and_type
261 SQL_input *sql = (SQL_input *)info;
262 MSIVIEW *alter = NULL;
264 ALTER_CreateView( sql->db, &alter, $3, $5, 0 );
265 if (!alter)
266 YYABORT;
268 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, alter );
270 | TK_ALTER TK_TABLE table TK_ADD column_and_type TK_HOLD
272 SQL_input *sql = (SQL_input *)info;
273 MSIVIEW *alter = NULL;
275 ALTER_CreateView( sql->db, &alter, $3, $5, 1 );
276 if (!alter)
277 YYABORT;
279 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, alter );
283 alterop:
284 TK_HOLD
286 $$ = 1;
288 | TK_FREE
290 $$ = -1;
294 onedrop:
295 TK_DROP TK_TABLE table
297 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
298 MSIVIEW* drop = NULL;
299 UINT r;
301 r = DROP_CreateView( sql->db, &drop, $3 );
302 if( r != ERROR_SUCCESS || !$$ )
303 YYABORT;
305 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, drop );
309 table_def:
310 column_def TK_PRIMARY TK_KEY selcollist
312 if( SQL_MarkPrimaryKeys( &$1, $4 ) )
313 $$ = $1;
314 else
315 $$ = NULL;
319 column_def:
320 column_def TK_COMMA column_and_type
322 column_info *ci;
324 for( ci = $1; ci->next; ci = ci->next )
327 ci->next = $3;
328 $$ = $1;
330 | column_and_type
332 $$ = $1;
336 column_and_type:
337 column column_type
339 $$ = $1;
340 $$->type = ($2 | MSITYPE_VALID);
341 $$->temporary = $2 & MSITYPE_TEMPORARY ? TRUE : FALSE;
345 column_type:
346 data_type_l
348 $$ = $1;
350 | data_type_l TK_LOCALIZABLE
352 $$ = $1 | MSITYPE_LOCALIZABLE;
354 | data_type_l TK_TEMPORARY
356 $$ = $1 | MSITYPE_TEMPORARY;
360 data_type_l:
361 data_type
363 $$ |= MSITYPE_NULLABLE;
365 | data_type TK_NOT TK_NULL
367 $$ = $1;
371 data_type:
372 TK_CHAR
374 $$ = MSITYPE_STRING | 1;
376 | TK_CHAR TK_LP data_count TK_RP
378 $$ = MSITYPE_STRING | 0x400 | $3;
380 | TK_LONGCHAR
382 $$ = MSITYPE_STRING | 0x400;
384 | TK_SHORT
386 $$ = 2 | 0x400;
388 | TK_INT
390 $$ = 2 | 0x400;
392 | TK_LONG
394 $$ = 4;
396 | TK_OBJECT
398 $$ = MSITYPE_STRING | MSITYPE_VALID;
402 data_count:
403 number
405 if( ( $1 > 255 ) || ( $1 < 0 ) )
406 YYABORT;
407 $$ = $1;
411 oneselect:
412 unorderedsel TK_ORDER TK_BY selcollist
414 UINT r;
416 if( $4 )
418 r = $1->ops->sort( $1, $4 );
419 if ( r != ERROR_SUCCESS)
420 YYABORT;
423 $$ = $1;
425 | unorderedsel
428 unorderedsel:
429 TK_SELECT selectfrom
431 $$ = $2;
433 | TK_SELECT TK_DISTINCT selectfrom
435 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
436 MSIVIEW* distinct = NULL;
437 UINT r;
439 r = DISTINCT_CreateView( sql->db, &distinct, $3 );
440 if (r != ERROR_SUCCESS)
441 YYABORT;
443 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, distinct );
447 selectfrom:
448 selcollist from
450 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
451 MSIVIEW* select = NULL;
452 UINT r;
454 if( $1 )
456 r = SELECT_CreateView( sql->db, &select, $2, $1 );
457 if (r != ERROR_SUCCESS)
458 YYABORT;
460 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, select );
462 else
463 $$ = $2;
467 selcollist:
468 column
469 | column TK_COMMA selcollist
471 $1->next = $3;
473 | TK_STAR
475 $$ = NULL;
479 from:
480 fromtable
481 | fromtable TK_WHERE expr
483 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
484 MSIVIEW* where = NULL;
485 UINT r;
487 r = WHERE_CreateView( sql->db, &where, $1, $3 );
488 if( r != ERROR_SUCCESS )
489 YYABORT;
491 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, where );
495 fromtable:
496 TK_FROM table
498 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
499 MSIVIEW* table = NULL;
500 UINT r;
502 r = TABLE_CreateView( sql->db, $2, &table );
503 if( r != ERROR_SUCCESS || !$$ )
504 YYABORT;
506 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, table );
508 | TK_FROM tablelist
510 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
511 MSIVIEW* join = NULL;
512 UINT r;
514 r = JOIN_CreateView( sql->db, &join, $2 );
515 if( r != ERROR_SUCCESS )
516 YYABORT;
518 PARSER_BUBBLE_UP_VIEW( sql, $$, join );
522 tablelist:
523 table
525 $$ = $1;
528 table TK_COMMA tablelist
530 $$ = parser_add_table( info, $3, $1 );
531 if (!$$)
532 YYABORT;
536 expr:
537 TK_LP expr TK_RP
539 $$ = $2;
540 if( !$$ )
541 YYABORT;
543 | expr TK_AND expr
545 $$ = EXPR_complex( info, $1, OP_AND, $3 );
546 if( !$$ )
547 YYABORT;
549 | expr TK_OR expr
551 $$ = EXPR_complex( info, $1, OP_OR, $3 );
552 if( !$$ )
553 YYABORT;
555 | column_val TK_EQ val
557 $$ = EXPR_complex( info, $1, OP_EQ, $3 );
558 if( !$$ )
559 YYABORT;
561 | column_val TK_GT val
563 $$ = EXPR_complex( info, $1, OP_GT, $3 );
564 if( !$$ )
565 YYABORT;
567 | column_val TK_LT val
569 $$ = EXPR_complex( info, $1, OP_LT, $3 );
570 if( !$$ )
571 YYABORT;
573 | column_val TK_LE val
575 $$ = EXPR_complex( info, $1, OP_LE, $3 );
576 if( !$$ )
577 YYABORT;
579 | column_val TK_GE val
581 $$ = EXPR_complex( info, $1, OP_GE, $3 );
582 if( !$$ )
583 YYABORT;
585 | column_val TK_NE val
587 $$ = EXPR_complex( info, $1, OP_NE, $3 );
588 if( !$$ )
589 YYABORT;
591 | column_val TK_IS TK_NULL
593 $$ = EXPR_unary( info, $1, OP_ISNULL );
594 if( !$$ )
595 YYABORT;
597 | column_val TK_IS TK_NOT TK_NULL
599 $$ = EXPR_unary( info, $1, OP_NOTNULL );
600 if( !$$ )
601 YYABORT;
605 val:
606 column_val
607 | const_val
610 constlist:
611 const_val
613 $$ = parser_alloc_column( info, NULL, NULL );
614 if( !$$ )
615 YYABORT;
616 $$->val = $1;
618 | const_val TK_COMMA constlist
620 $$ = parser_alloc_column( info, NULL, NULL );
621 if( !$$ )
622 YYABORT;
623 $$->val = $1;
624 $$->next = $3;
628 update_assign_list:
629 column_assignment
630 | column_assignment TK_COMMA update_assign_list
632 $$ = $1;
633 $$->next = $3;
637 column_assignment:
638 column TK_EQ const_val
640 $$ = $1;
641 $$->val = $3;
645 const_val:
646 number
648 $$ = EXPR_ival( info, $1 );
649 if( !$$ )
650 YYABORT;
652 | TK_MINUS number %prec TK_NEGATION
654 $$ = EXPR_ival( info, -$2 );
655 if( !$$ )
656 YYABORT;
658 | TK_STRING
660 $$ = EXPR_sval( info, &$1 );
661 if( !$$ )
662 YYABORT;
664 | TK_WILDCARD
666 $$ = EXPR_wildcard( info );
667 if( !$$ )
668 YYABORT;
672 column_val:
673 column
675 $$ = EXPR_column( info, $1 );
676 if( !$$ )
677 YYABORT;
681 column:
682 table TK_DOT id
684 $$ = parser_alloc_column( info, $1, $3 );
685 if( !$$ )
686 YYABORT;
688 | id
690 $$ = parser_alloc_column( info, NULL, $1 );
691 if( !$$ )
692 YYABORT;
696 table:
699 $$ = $1;
704 TK_ID
706 if ( SQL_getstring( info, &$1, &$$ ) != ERROR_SUCCESS || !$$ )
707 YYABORT;
711 number:
712 TK_INTEGER
714 $$ = SQL_getint( info );
720 static LPWSTR parser_add_table( void *info, LPCWSTR list, LPCWSTR table )
722 static const WCHAR space[] = {' ',0};
723 DWORD len = strlenW( list ) + strlenW( table ) + 2;
724 LPWSTR ret;
726 ret = parser_alloc( info, len * sizeof(WCHAR) );
727 if( ret )
729 strcpyW( ret, list );
730 strcatW( ret, space );
731 strcatW( ret, table );
733 return ret;
736 static void *parser_alloc( void *info, unsigned int sz )
738 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
739 struct list *mem;
741 mem = msi_alloc( sizeof (struct list) + sz );
742 list_add_tail( sql->mem, mem );
743 return &mem[1];
746 static column_info *parser_alloc_column( void *info, LPCWSTR table, LPCWSTR column )
748 column_info *col;
750 col = parser_alloc( info, sizeof (*col) );
751 if( col )
753 col->table = table;
754 col->column = column;
755 col->val = NULL;
756 col->type = 0;
757 col->next = NULL;
760 return col;
763 static int sql_lex( void *SQL_lval, SQL_input *sql )
765 int token;
766 struct sql_str * str = SQL_lval;
770 sql->n += sql->len;
771 if( ! sql->command[sql->n] )
772 return 0; /* end of input */
774 /* TRACE("string : %s\n", debugstr_w(&sql->command[sql->n])); */
775 sql->len = sqliteGetToken( &sql->command[sql->n], &token );
776 if( sql->len==0 )
777 break;
778 str->data = &sql->command[sql->n];
779 str->len = sql->len;
781 while( token == TK_SPACE );
783 /* TRACE("token : %d (%s)\n", token, debugstr_wn(&sql->command[sql->n], sql->len)); */
785 return token;
788 UINT SQL_getstring( void *info, const struct sql_str *strdata, LPWSTR *str )
790 LPCWSTR p = strdata->data;
791 UINT len = strdata->len;
793 /* match quotes */
794 if( ( (p[0]=='`') && (p[len-1]!='`') ) ||
795 ( (p[0]=='\'') && (p[len-1]!='\'') ) )
796 return ERROR_FUNCTION_FAILED;
798 /* if there's quotes, remove them */
799 if( ( (p[0]=='`') && (p[len-1]=='`') ) ||
800 ( (p[0]=='\'') && (p[len-1]=='\'') ) )
802 p++;
803 len -= 2;
805 *str = parser_alloc( info, (len + 1)*sizeof(WCHAR) );
806 if( !*str )
807 return ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
808 memcpy( *str, p, len*sizeof(WCHAR) );
809 (*str)[len]=0;
811 return ERROR_SUCCESS;
814 INT SQL_getint( void *info )
816 SQL_input* sql = (SQL_input*) info;
817 LPCWSTR p = &sql->command[sql->n];
818 INT i, r = 0;
820 for( i=0; i<sql->len; i++ )
822 if( '0' > p[i] || '9' < p[i] )
824 ERR("should only be numbers here!\n");
825 break;
827 r = (p[i]-'0') + r*10;
830 return r;
833 static int sql_error( const char *str )
835 return 0;
838 static struct expr * EXPR_wildcard( void *info )
840 struct expr *e = parser_alloc( info, sizeof *e );
841 if( e )
843 e->type = EXPR_WILDCARD;
845 return e;
848 static struct expr * EXPR_complex( void *info, struct expr *l, UINT op, struct expr *r )
850 struct expr *e = parser_alloc( info, sizeof *e );
851 if( e )
853 e->type = EXPR_COMPLEX;
854 e->u.expr.left = l;
855 e->u.expr.op = op;
856 e->u.expr.right = r;
858 return e;
861 static struct expr * EXPR_unary( void *info, struct expr *l, UINT op )
863 struct expr *e = parser_alloc( info, sizeof *e );
864 if( e )
866 e->type = EXPR_UNARY;
867 e->u.expr.left = l;
868 e->u.expr.op = op;
869 e->u.expr.right = NULL;
871 return e;
874 static struct expr * EXPR_column( void *info, const column_info *column )
876 struct expr *e = parser_alloc( info, sizeof *e );
877 if( e )
879 e->type = EXPR_COLUMN;
880 e->u.column.column = column->column;
881 e->u.column.table = column->table;
883 return e;
886 static struct expr * EXPR_ival( void *info, int val )
888 struct expr *e = parser_alloc( info, sizeof *e );
889 if( e )
891 e->type = EXPR_IVAL;
892 e->u.ival = val;
894 return e;
897 static struct expr * EXPR_sval( void *info, const struct sql_str *str )
899 struct expr *e = parser_alloc( info, sizeof *e );
900 if( e )
902 e->type = EXPR_SVAL;
903 if( SQL_getstring( info, str, (LPWSTR *)&e->u.sval ) != ERROR_SUCCESS )
904 return NULL; /* e will be freed by query destructor */
906 return e;
909 static void swap_columns( column_info **cols, column_info *A, int idx )
911 column_info *preA = NULL, *preB = NULL, *B, *ptr;
912 int i = 0;
914 B = NULL;
915 ptr = *cols;
916 while( ptr )
918 if( i++ == idx )
919 B = ptr;
920 else if( !B )
921 preB = ptr;
923 if( ptr->next == A )
924 preA = ptr;
926 ptr = ptr->next;
929 if( preB ) preB->next = A;
930 if( preA ) preA->next = B;
931 ptr = A->next;
932 A->next = B->next;
933 B->next = ptr;
934 if( idx == 0 )
935 *cols = A;
938 static BOOL SQL_MarkPrimaryKeys( column_info **cols,
939 column_info *keys )
941 column_info *k;
942 BOOL found = TRUE;
943 int count;
945 for( k = keys, count = 0; k && found; k = k->next, count++ )
947 column_info *c;
948 int idx;
950 found = FALSE;
951 for( c = *cols, idx = 0; c && !found; c = c->next, idx++ )
953 if( lstrcmpW( k->column, c->column ) )
954 continue;
955 c->type |= MSITYPE_KEY;
956 found = TRUE;
957 if (idx != count)
958 swap_columns( cols, c, count );
962 return found;
965 UINT MSI_ParseSQL( MSIDATABASE *db, LPCWSTR command, MSIVIEW **phview,
966 struct list *mem )
968 SQL_input sql;
969 int r;
971 *phview = NULL;
973 sql.db = db;
974 sql.command = command;
975 sql.n = 0;
976 sql.len = 0;
977 sql.r = ERROR_BAD_QUERY_SYNTAX;
978 sql.view = phview;
979 sql.mem = mem;
981 r = sql_parse(&sql);
983 TRACE("Parse returned %d\n", r);
984 if( r )
986 if (*sql.view)
988 (*sql.view)->ops->delete(*sql.view);
989 *sql.view = NULL;
991 return sql.r;
994 return ERROR_SUCCESS;