documentation/fonts.sgml

   1   <chapter id="fonts">
   2     <title>Dealing with Fonts</title>
   3
   4     <sect1 id="windows-fonts">
   5       <title>Fonts</title>
   6
   7       <para>
   8         Written by &name-alex-korobka; <email>&email-alex-korobka;</email>
   9       </para>
  10       <para>
  11         (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/fonts</filename>)
  12       </para>
  13
  14       <para>
  15         <note>
  16           <para>
  17             The <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility is included with
  18             Wine. It can be found in the <filename>tools</filename>
  19             directory. Links to the other tools mentioned in this
  20             document can be found on wine headquarters:
  21             <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/tools.html">http://www.winehq.com/tools.html</ulink>
  22           </para>
  23         </note>
  24       </para>
  25
  26       <sect2>
  27         <title>How To Convert Windows Fonts</title>
  28         <para>
  29           If you have access to a Windows installation you should use
  30           <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility (found in the
  31           <filename>tools</filename> directory) to convert bitmap
  32           fonts (<filename>VGASYS.FON</filename>,
  33           <filename>SSERIFE.FON</filename>, and
  34           <filename>SERIFE.FON</filename>) into the format that the X
  35           Window System can recognize.
  36         </para>
  37
  38         <orderedlist>
  39           <listitem>
  40             <para>Extract bitmap fonts with <command>fnt2bdf</command>.</para>
  41           </listitem>
  42           <listitem>
  43             <para>
  44               Convert <filename>.bdf</filename> files produced by Step
  45               1 into <filename>.pcf</filename> files with
  46               <command>bdftopcf</command>.
  47             </para>
  48           </listitem>
  49           <listitem>
  50             <para>
  51               Copy <filename>.pcf</filename> files to the font server
  52               directory which is usually
  53               <filename>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc</filename> (you will
  54               probably  need superuser privileges). If you want to
  55               create a new font directory you will need to add it to
  56               the font path.
  57             </para>
  58           </listitem>
  59           <listitem>
  60             <para>
  61               Run <command>mkfontdir</command> for the directory you
  62               copied fonts to. If you are already in X you should run
  63               <command>xset fp rehash</command> to make X server aware
  64               of the new fonts.
  65             </para>
  66           </listitem>
  67           <listitem>
  68             <para>
  69               Edit the <filename>wine.conf</filename> file to remove
  70               aliases for the fonts you've just installed.
  71             </para>
  72           </listitem>
  73         </orderedlist>
  74         <para>
  75           WINE can get by without these fonts but 'the look and feel'
  76           may be quite different. Also, some applications try to load
  77           their custom fonts on the fly (WinWord 6.0) and since WINE
  78           does not implement this yet it instead prints out something
  79           like;
  80         </para>
  81         <screen>
  82 STUB: AddFontResource( SOMEFILE.FON )
  83         </screen>
  84         <para>
  85           You can convert this file too. Note that
  86           <filename>.FON</filename> file may not hold  any bitmap
  87           fonts and <command>fnt2bdf</command> will fail if this is
  88           the case. Also note that although the above message will not
  89           disappear WINE will work around the problem by using the
  90           font you extracted from the
  91           <filename>SOMEFILE.FON</filename>.
  92           <command>fnt2bdf</command> will only work for Windows 3.1
  93           fonts. It  will not work for TrueType fonts.
  94         </para>
  95         <para>
  96           What to do with TrueType fonts? There are several commercial
  97           font tools that can convert them to the Type1 format but the
  98           quality of the resulting fonts is far from stellar. The
  99           other way to use them is to get a font server capable of
 100           rendering  TrueType (Caldera has one, there also is the free
 101           <command>xfstt</command> in
 102           <filename>Linux/X11/fonts</filename> on sunsite and mirrors,
 103           if you're on FreeBSD you can use the port in
 104           <filename>/usr/ports/x11-servers/Xfstt</filename>.  And
 105           there is <command>xfsft</command> which uses the freetype
 106           library, see <filename>documentation/ttfserver</filename>).
 107         </para>
 108         <para>
 109           However, there is a possibility of the native TrueType
 110           support via FreeType renderer in the future (hint, hint :-)
 111         </para>
 112       </sect2>
 113
 114       <sect2>
 115         <title>How To Add Font Aliases To <filename>wine.conf</filename></title>
 116         <para>
 117           Many Windows applications assume that fonts included in
 118           original Windows 3.1  distribution are always present. By
 119           default Wine creates a number of aliases that map them on
 120           the existing X fonts:
 121         </para>
 122
 123         <informaltable>
 124           <tgroup cols="3">
 125             <thead>
 126               <row>
 127                 <entry>Windows font</entry>
 128                 <entry>...is mapped to...</entry>
 129                 <entry>X font</entry>
 130               </row>
 131             </thead>
 132             <tbody>
 133               <row>
 134                 <entry>"MS Sans Serif"</entry>
 135                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 136                 <entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
 137               </row>
 138               <row>
 139                 <entry>"MS Serif"</entry>
 140                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 141                 <entry>"-bitstream-charter-"</entry>
 142               </row>
 143               <row>
 144                 <entry>"Times New Roman"</entry>
 145                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 146                 <entry>"-adobe-times-"</entry>
 147               </row>
 148               <row>
 149                 <entry>"Arial"</entry>
 150                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 151                 <entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
 152               </row>
 153             </tbody>
 154           </tgroup>
 155         </informaltable>
 156
 157         <para>
 158           There is no default alias for the "System" font. Also, no
 159           aliases are  created for the fonts that applications install
 160           at runtime. The recommended  way to deal with this problem
 161           is to convert the missing font (see above).  If it proves
 162           impossible, like in the case with TrueType fonts, you can
 163           force  the font mapper to choose a closely related X font by
 164           adding an alias to the  [fonts] section. Make sure that the
 165           X font actually exists (with <command>xfontsel</command>
 166           tool).
 167         </para>
 168         <screen>
 169 AliasN = [Windows font], [X font] &lt;, optional "mask X font" flag&gt;
 170         </screen>
 171         <para>
 172           Example:
 173         </para>
 174         <screen>
 175 Alias0 = System, --international-, subst
 176 Alias1 = ...
 177 ...
 178         </screen>
 179         <para>
 180           Comments:
 181         </para>
 182         <itemizedlist>
 183           <listitem>
 184             <para>
 185               There must be no gaps in the sequence <literal>{0, ...,
 186                 N}</literal> otherwise all aliases after the first gap
 187               won't be read.
 188             </para>
 189           </listitem>
 190           <listitem>
 191             <para>
 192               Usually font mapper translates X font names into font
 193               names visible to Windows programs in the following
 194               fashion:
 195             </para>
 196
 197             <informaltable>
 198               <tgroup cols="3">
 199                 <thead>
 200                   <row>
 201                     <entry>X font</entry>
 202                     <entry>...will show up as...</entry>
 203                     <entry>Extracted name</entry>
 204                   </row>
 205                 </thead>
 206                 <tbody>
 207                   <row>
 208                     <entry>--international-...</entry>
 209                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 210                     <entry>"International"</entry>
 211                   </row>
 212                   <row>
 213                     <entry>-adobe-helvetica-...</entry>
 214                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 215                     <entry>"Helvetica"</entry>
 216                   </row>
 217                   <row>
 218                     <entry>-adobe-utopia-...</entry>
 219                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 220                     <entry>"Utopia"</entry>
 221                   </row>
 222                   <row>
 223                     <entry>-misc-fixed-...</entry>
 224                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 225                     <entry>"Fixed"</entry>
 226                   </row>
 227                   <row>
 228                     <entry>-...</entry>
 229                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 230                     <entry></entry>
 231                   </row>
 232                   <row>
 233                     <entry>-sony-fixed-...</entry>
 234                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 235                     <entry>"Sony Fixed"</entry>
 236                   </row>
 237                   <row>
 238                     <entry>-...</entry>
 239                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 240                     <entry></entry>
 241                   </row>
 242                 </tbody>
 243               </tgroup>
 244             </informaltable>
 245
 246             <para>
 247               Note that since <literal>-misc-fixed-</literal> and
 248               <literal>-sony-fixed-</literal> are different fonts Wine
 249               modified the second extracted name to make sure Windows
 250               programs can distinguish them because only extracted
 251               names appear in the font selection dialogs.
 252             </para>
 253           </listitem>
 254           <listitem>
 255             <para>
 256               "Masking" alias replaces the original extracted name so
 257               that in the  example case we will have the following
 258               mapping:
 259             </para>
 260             <informaltable>
 261               <tgroup cols="3">
 262                 <thead>
 263                   <row>
 264                     <entry>X font</entry>
 265                     <entry>...is masked to...</entry>
 266                     <entry>Extracted name</entry>
 267                   </row>
 268                 </thead>
 269                 <tbody>
 270                   <row>
 271                     <entry>--international-...</entry>
 272                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 273                     <entry>"System"</entry>
 274                   </row>
 275                 </tbody>
 276               </tgroup>
 277             </informaltable>
 278             <para>
 279               "Nonmasking" aliases are transparent to the user and
 280               they do not replace extracted names.
 281             </para>
 282             <para>
 283               Wine discards an alias when it sees that the native X
 284               font is available.
 285             </para>
 286           </listitem>
 287           <listitem>
 288             <para>
 289               If you do not have access to Windows fonts mentioned in
 290               the first  paragraph you should try to substitute the
 291               "System" font with  nonmasking alias. The
 292               <command>xfontsel</command> application will show you
 293               the fonts available to X.
 294             </para>
 295             <screen>
 296 Alias.. = System, ...bold font without serifs
 297             </screen>
 298           </listitem>
 299         </itemizedlist>
 300         <para>
 301           Also, some Windows applications request fonts without
 302           specifying the  typeface name of the font. Font table starts
 303           with Arial in most Windows  installations, however X font
 304           table starts with whatever is the first line  in the
 305           <filename>fonts.dir</filename>.  Therefore WINE uses the
 306           following entry to determine  which font to check first.
 307         </para>
 308         <para>
 309           Example:
 310         </para>
 311         <screen>
 312 Default = -adobe-times-
 313         </screen>
 314         <para>
 315           Comments:
 316         </para>
 317         <para>
 318           It is better to have a scalable font family (bolds and
 319           italics included)  as the default choice because mapper
 320           checks all available fonts until  requested height and other
 321           attributes match perfectly or the end of the  font table is
 322           reached. Typical X installations have scalable fonts in the
 323           <filename>../fonts/Type1</filename> and
 324           <filename>../fonts/Speedo</filename> directories.
 325         </para>
 326       </sect2>
 327
 328       <sect2>
 329         <title>How To Manage Cached Font Metrics</title>
 330         <para>
 331           WINE stores detailed information about available fonts in
 332           the <filename>~/.wine/.cachedmetrics</filename> file. You
 333           can copy it elsewhere and add this entry to the [fonts]
 334           section  in your <filename>wine.conf</filename>:
 335         </para>
 336         <screen>
 337 FontMetrics = &lt;file with metrics&gt;
 338         </screen>
 339         <para>
 340           If WINE detects changes in the X font configuration it will
 341           rebuild font metrics from scratch and then it will overwrite
 342           <filename>~/.wine/.cachedmetrics</filename> with  the new
 343           information. This process can take a while.
 344         </para>
 345       </sect2>
 346
 347       <sect2>
 348         <title>Too Small Or Too Large Fonts</title>
 349         <para>
 350           Windows programs may ask WINE to render a font with the
 351           height specified in points. However, point-to-pixel ratio
 352           depends on the real physical size  of your display (15",
 353           17", etc...). X tries to provide an estimate of that  but it
 354           can be quite different from the actual size. You can change
 355           this ratio by adding the following entry to the [fonts]
 356           section:
 357         </para>
 358         <screen>
 359 Resolution = &lt;integer value&gt;
 360         </screen>
 361         <para>
 362           In general, higher numbers give you larger fonts. Try to
 363           experiment with values in the 60 - 120 range. 96 is a good
 364           starting point.
 365         </para>
 366       </sect2>
 367
 368       <sect2>
 369         <title>"FONT_Init: failed to load ..." Messages On Startup</title>
 370         <para>
 371           The most likely cause is a broken
 372           <filename>fonts.dir</filename> file in one of your font
 373           directories. You need to rerun <command>mkfontdir</command>
 374           to rebuild this file. Read its manpage for more information.
 375           If you can't run <command>mkfontdir</command> on this
 376           machine as you are not root, use <command>xset -fp
 377             xxx</command> to remove the broken font path.
 378         </para>
 379       </sect2>
 380     </sect1>
 381
 382     <sect1 id="ttfont-server">
 383     <title>Setting up a TrueType Font Server</title>
 384       <para>
 385         written by ???
 386       </para>
 387       <para>
 388         (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/ttfserver</filename>)
 389       </para>
 390
 391       <para>
 392         Follow these instructions to set up a TrueType font server on your system.
 393       </para>
 394
 395       <orderedlist>
 396         <listitem>
 397           <para>Get <filename>freetype-1.0.full.tar.gz</filename></para>
 398         </listitem>
 399         <listitem>
 400           <para>Read docs, unpack, configure and install</para>
 401         </listitem>
 402         <listitem>
 403           <para>Test the library, e.g. <command>ftview 20 /dosc/win95/fonts/times</command></para>
 404         </listitem>
 405         <listitem>
 406           <para>Get <filename>xfsft-beta1e.linux-i586</filename></para>
 407         </listitem>
 408         <listitem>
 409           <para>
 410             Install it and start it when booting, e.g. in an
 411             rc-script.  The manpage for <command>xfs</command>
 412             applies.
 413           </para>
 414         </listitem>
 415         <listitem>
 416           <para>Follow the hints given by <email>williamc@dai.ed.ac.uk</email></para>
 417         </listitem>
 418         <listitem>
 419           <para>
 420             I got <command>xfsft</command> from
 421             <ulink url="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html">http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html</ulink>.
 422             I have it running all the time.  Here is
 423             <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/config</filename>:
 424           </para>
 425           <programlisting>
 426 clone-self = on
 427 use-syslog = off
 428 catalogue = /c/windows/fonts
 429 error-file = /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/fs-errors
 430 default-point-size = 120
 431 default-resolutions = 75,75,100,100
 432           </programlisting>
 433           <para>
 434             Obviously <filename>/c/windows/fonts</filename> is where
 435             my Windows fonts on my Win95 <medialabel>C:</medialabel>
 436             drive live; could be e.g.
 437             <filename>/mnt/dosC/windows/system</filename> for Win31.
 438             In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.scale</filename> I
 439             have
 440           </para>
 441           <programlisting>
 442 14
 443 arial.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 444 arialbd.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 445 arialbi.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 446 ariali.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 447 cour.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 448 courbd.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 449 courbi.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 450 couri.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 451 times.ttf -monotype-times-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 452 timesbd.ttf -monotype-times-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 453 timesbi.ttf -monotype-times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 454 timesi.ttf -monotype-times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 455 symbol.ttf -monotype-symbol-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
 456 wingding.ttf -microsoft-wingdings-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
 457           </programlisting>
 458           <para>
 459             In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.dir</filename> I have
 460             exactly the same.
 461           </para>
 462           <para>
 463             In <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config</filename> I have
 464           </para>
 465           <programlisting>
 466 FontPath "tcp/localhost:7100"
 467           </programlisting>
 468           <para>
 469             in front of the other <literal>FontPath</literal> lines.
 470             That's it!  As an interesting by-product of course, all
 471             those web pages which specify Arial come up in Arial in
 472             Netscape ...
 473           </para>
 474         </listitem>
 475         <listitem>
 476           <para>
 477             Shut down X and restart (and debug errors you did while
 478             setting up everything).
 479           </para>
 480         </listitem>
 481         <listitem>
 482           <para>Test with e.g <command>xlsfont | grep arial</command></para>
 483         </listitem>
 484       </orderedlist>
 485
 486       <para>
 487         Hope this helps...
 488     </para>
 489   </sect1>
 490
 491 </chapter>
 492
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