2 The above line is necessary, leave it alone!!
3 --------------------------------------------------------------------
5 DOING A HARDWARE TRACE IN WINE
6 ------------------------------
8 The primary reason to do this is to reverse engineer a hardware device
9 for which you don't have documentation, but can get to work under Wine.
11 This lot is aimed at parallel port devices, and in particular parallel port
12 scanners which are now so cheap they are virtually being given away. The
13 problem is that few manufactures will release any programming information which
14 prevents drivers being written for Sane, and the traditional technique of using
15 DOSemu to produce the traces does not work as the scanners invariably only have
18 Please note that I have not been able to get my scanner working properly (a
19 UMAX Astra 600P), but a couple of people have reported success with at least
20 the Artec AS6e scanner. I am not in the process of developing any driver nor do
21 I intend to, so don't bug me about it. My time is now spent writting programs
22 to set things like battery save options under Linux on Toshiba laptops, ans as
23 such I don't have any spare time for writting a driver for a parallel port
26 Presuming that you have compiled and installed wine the first thing to do is is
27 to enable direct hardware access to your parallel port. To do this edit
28 wine.conf (usually in /usr/local/etc) and in the ports section add the
31 read=0x378,0x379,0x37a,0x37c,0x77a
32 write=0x378,x379,0x37a,0x37c,0x77a
34 This adds the necessary access required for SPP/PS2/EPP/ECP parallel port on
35 LPT1. You will need to adjust these number accordingly if your parallel port is
38 When starting wine use the following command line, where XXXX is the program
39 you need to run in order to access your scanner, and YYYY is the file your
40 trace will be stored in:
42 wine -debugmsg +io XXXX 2> >(sed 's/^[^:]*:io:[^ ]* //' > YYYY)
44 You will need large amounts of hard disk space (read hundreds of megabytes if
45 you do a full page scan), and for reasonable performance a really fast
46 processor and lots of RAM.
48 You might well find the log compression program that David Campbell
49 <campbell@torque.net> wrote helpfull in reducing the size of the log files.
50 This can be obtained by the following command:
54 This should extract shrink.c (which is located at the end of this file. Compile
55 the log compression program by:
59 Use the shrink program to reduce the physical size of the raw log as follows:
61 cat log | shrink > log2
63 The trace has the basic form of
67 where XXXX is the port in hexidecimal being accessed, YY is the data written
68 (or read) from the port, and ZZZZ:ZZZZ is the address in memory of the
69 instruction that accessed the port. The direction of the arrow indicates
70 whether the data was written or read from the port.
72 > data was written to the port
73 < data was read from the port
76 My basic tip for interperating these logs is to pay close attention to the
77 addresses of the IO instructions. There grouping and sometimes proximity should
78 reveal the presence of subroutines in the driver. By studying the different
79 versions you should be able to work them out. For example consider the
80 following section of trace from my UMAX Astra 600P
82 0x378 > 55 @ 0297:01ec
83 0x37a > 05 @ 0297:01f5
84 0x379 < 8f @ 0297:01fa
85 0x37a > 04 @ 0297:0211
86 0x378 > aa @ 0297:01ec
87 0x37a > 05 @ 0297:01f5
88 0x379 < 8f @ 0297:01fa
89 0x37a > 04 @ 0297:0211
90 0x378 > 00 @ 0297:01ec
91 0x37a > 05 @ 0297:01f5
92 0x379 < 8f @ 0297:01fa
93 0x37a > 04 @ 0297:0211
94 0x378 > 00 @ 0297:01ec
95 0x37a > 05 @ 0297:01f5
96 0x379 < 8f @ 0297:01fa
97 0x37a > 04 @ 0297:0211
98 0x378 > 00 @ 0297:01ec
99 0x37a > 05 @ 0297:01f5
100 0x379 < 8f @ 0297:01fa
101 0x37a > 04 @ 0297:0211
102 0x378 > 00 @ 0297:01ec
103 0x37a > 05 @ 0297:01f5
104 0x379 < 8f @ 0297:01fa
105 0x37a > 04 @ 0297:0211
107 As you can see their is a repeating structure starting at address 0297:01ec
108 that consists of four io access on the parallel port. Looking at it the first
109 io access writes a changing byte to the data port the second always writes the
110 byte 0x05 to the control port, then a value which always seems to 0x8f is read
111 from the status port at which point a byte 0x04 is written to the control port.
112 By studying this and other sections of the trace we can write a C routine that
113 emulates this, shown below with some macros to make reading/writing on the
114 parallel port easier to read.
117 #define r_dtr(x) inb(x)
118 #define r_str(x) inb(x+1)
119 #define r_ctr(x) inb(x+2)
120 #define w_dtr(x,y) outb(y, x)
121 #define w_str(x,y) outb(y, x+1)
122 #define w_ctr(x,y) outb(y, x+2)
125 * Seems to be sending a command byte to the scanner
128 int udpp_put(int udpp_base, unsigned char command)
132 w_dtr(udpp_base, command);
133 w_ctr(udpp_base, 0x05);
135 for (loop=0;loop<10;loop++)
136 if (((value=r_str(udpp_base)) & 0x80)!=0x00) {
137 w_ctr(udpp_base, 0x04);
141 return (value & 0xf8) | 0x01;
145 For the UMAX Astra 600P only seven such routines exist (well 14 really, seven
146 for SPP and seven for EPP). Whether you choose to disassemble the driver at
147 this point to verify the routines is your own choice. If you do, the address
148 from the trace should help in locating them in the disassembly.
150 You will probably then find it useful to write a script/perl/C program to
151 analyse the logfile and decode them futher as this can reveal higher level
152 grouping of the low level routines. For example from the logs from my UMAX
153 Astra 600P when decoded futher reveal (this is a small snippet)
177 From this it is easy to see that put routine is often grouped together in five
178 successive calls sending information to the scanner. Once these are understood
179 it should be possible to process the logs further to show the higher level
180 routines in an easy to see format. Once the highest level format that you
181 can derive from this process is understood, you then need to produce a
182 series of scans varying only one parameter between them, so you can
183 discover how to set the various parameters for the scanner.
187 <jab@hex.prestel.co.uk>
190 --------------------------------------------------------------------
191 The following is the shrink.c program.
200 char buff[256], lastline[256];
206 while (!feof (stdin))
208 fgets (buff, sizeof (buff), stdin);
209 if (strcmp (buff, lastline) == 0)
216 fprintf (stdout, "# Last line repeated %i times #\n", count);
217 fprintf (stdout, "%s", buff);
218 strcpy (lastline, buff);