documentation/fonts.sgml

   1   <sect1 id="fonts">
   2     <title>Dealing with Fonts</title>
   3
   4     <sect2 id="windows-fonts">
   5       <title>Fonts</title>
   6
   7       <para>
   8         Written by &name-alex-korobka; <email>&email-alex-korobka;</email>
   9       </para>
  10       <para>
  11         (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/fonts</filename>)
  12       </para>
  13
  14       <para>
  15         <note>
  16           <para>
  17             The <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility is included with
  18             Wine. It can be found in the <filename>tools</filename>
  19             directory. Links to the other tools mentioned in this
  20             document can be found on wine headquarters:
  21             <ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/development/">http://www.winehq.com/development/</ulink>
  22           </para>
  23         </note>
  24       </para>
  25
  26       <sect3>
  27         <title>How To Convert Windows Fonts</title>
  28         <para>
  29           If you have access to a Windows installation you should use the
  30           <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility (found in the
  31           <filename>tools</filename> directory) to convert bitmap
  32           fonts (<filename>VGASYS.FON</filename>,
  33           <filename>SSERIFE.FON</filename>, and
  34           <filename>SERIFE.FON</filename>) into the format that the X
  35           Window System can recognize.
  36         </para>
  37
  38         <orderedlist>
  39           <listitem>
  40             <para>Extract bitmap fonts with <command>fnt2bdf</command>.</para>
  41           </listitem>
  42           <listitem>
  43             <para>
  44               Convert <filename>.bdf</filename> files produced by Step
  45               1 into <filename>.pcf</filename> files with
  46               <command>bdftopcf</command>.
  47             </para>
  48           </listitem>
  49           <listitem>
  50             <para>
  51               Copy <filename>.pcf</filename> files to the font server
  52               directory which is usually
  53               <filename>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc</filename> (you will
  54               probably  need superuser privileges). If you want to
  55               create a new font directory you will need to add it to
  56               the font path.
  57             </para>
  58           </listitem>
  59           <listitem>
  60             <para>
  61               Run <command>mkfontdir</command> for the directory you
  62               copied fonts to. If you are already in X you should run
  63               <command>xset fp rehash</command> to make X server aware
  64               of the new fonts. You may also or instead have to restart
  65               the font server (using e.g.
  66               <command>/etc/init.d/xfs restart</command>
  67               under RedHat 7.1)
  68             </para>
  69           </listitem>
  70           <listitem>
  71             <para>
  72               Edit the <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> file to remove
  73               aliases for the fonts you've just installed.
  74             </para>
  75           </listitem>
  76         </orderedlist>
  77         <para>
  78           WINE can get by without these fonts but 'the look and feel'
  79           may be quite different. Also, some applications try to load
  80           their custom fonts on the fly (WinWord 6.0) and since WINE
  81           does not implement this yet it instead prints out something
  82           like;
  83         </para>
  84         <screen>
  85 STUB: AddFontResource( SOMEFILE.FON )
  86         </screen>
  87         <para>
  88           You can convert this file too. Note that
  89           <filename>.FON</filename> file may not hold  any bitmap
  90           fonts and <command>fnt2bdf</command> will fail if this is
  91           the case. Also note that although the above message will not
  92           disappear WINE will work around the problem by using the
  93           font you extracted from the
  94           <filename>SOMEFILE.FON</filename>.
  95           <command>fnt2bdf</command> will only work for Windows 3.1
  96           fonts. It  will not work for TrueType fonts.
  97         </para>
  98         <para>
  99           What to do with TrueType fonts? There are several commercial
 100           font tools that can convert them to the Type1 format but the
 101           quality of the resulting fonts is far from stellar. The
 102           other way to use them is to get a font server capable of
 103           rendering  TrueType (Caldera has one, there also is the free
 104           <command>xfstt</command> in
 105           <filename>Linux/X11/fonts</filename> on sunsite and mirrors,
 106           if you're on FreeBSD you can use the port in
 107           <filename>/usr/ports/x11-servers/Xfstt</filename>.  And
 108           there is <command>xfsft</command> which uses the freetype
 109           library, see <filename>documentation/ttfserver</filename>).
 110         </para>
 111         <para>
 112           However, there is a possibility of the native TrueType
 113           support via FreeType renderer in the future (hint, hint :-)
 114         </para>
 115       </sect3>
 116
 117       <sect3>
 118         <title>How To Add Font Aliases To <filename>~/.wine/config</filename></title>
 119         <para>
 120           Many Windows applications assume that fonts included in
 121           original Windows 3.1  distribution are always present. By
 122           default Wine creates a number of aliases that map them on
 123           the existing X fonts:
 124         </para>
 125
 126         <informaltable>
 127           <tgroup cols="3">
 128             <thead>
 129               <row>
 130                 <entry>Windows font</entry>
 131                 <entry>...is mapped to...</entry>
 132                 <entry>X font</entry>
 133               </row>
 134             </thead>
 135             <tbody>
 136               <row>
 137                 <entry>"MS Sans Serif"</entry>
 138                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 139                 <entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
 140               </row>
 141               <row>
 142                 <entry>"MS Serif"</entry>
 143                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 144                 <entry>"-bitstream-charter-"</entry>
 145               </row>
 146               <row>
 147                 <entry>"Times New Roman"</entry>
 148                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 149                 <entry>"-adobe-times-"</entry>
 150               </row>
 151               <row>
 152                 <entry>"Arial"</entry>
 153                 <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 154                 <entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
 155               </row>
 156             </tbody>
 157           </tgroup>
 158         </informaltable>
 159
 160         <para>
 161           There is no default alias for the "System" font. Also, no
 162           aliases are  created for the fonts that applications install
 163           at runtime. The recommended  way to deal with this problem
 164           is to convert the missing font (see above).  If it proves
 165           impossible, like in the case with TrueType fonts, you can
 166           force  the font mapper to choose a closely related X font by
 167           adding an alias to the  [fonts] section. Make sure that the
 168           X font actually exists (with <command>xfontsel</command>
 169           tool).
 170         </para>
 171         <screen>
 172 AliasN = [Windows font], [X font] &lt;, optional "mask X font" flag&gt;
 173         </screen>
 174         <para>
 175           Example:
 176         </para>
 177         <screen>
 178 Alias0 = System, --international-, subst
 179 Alias1 = ...
 180 ...
 181         </screen>
 182         <para>
 183           Comments:
 184         </para>
 185         <itemizedlist>
 186           <listitem>
 187             <para>
 188               There must be no gaps in the sequence <literal>{0, ...,
 189                 N}</literal> otherwise all aliases after the first gap
 190               won't be read.
 191             </para>
 192           </listitem>
 193           <listitem>
 194             <para>
 195               Usually font mapper translates X font names into font
 196               names visible to Windows programs in the following
 197               fashion:
 198             </para>
 199
 200             <informaltable>
 201               <tgroup cols="3">
 202                 <thead>
 203                   <row>
 204                     <entry>X font</entry>
 205                     <entry>...will show up as...</entry>
 206                     <entry>Extracted name</entry>
 207                   </row>
 208                 </thead>
 209                 <tbody>
 210                   <row>
 211                     <entry>--international-...</entry>
 212                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 213                     <entry>"International"</entry>
 214                   </row>
 215                   <row>
 216                     <entry>-adobe-helvetica-...</entry>
 217                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 218                     <entry>"Helvetica"</entry>
 219                   </row>
 220                   <row>
 221                     <entry>-adobe-utopia-...</entry>
 222                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 223                     <entry>"Utopia"</entry>
 224                   </row>
 225                   <row>
 226                     <entry>-misc-fixed-...</entry>
 227                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 228                     <entry>"Fixed"</entry>
 229                   </row>
 230                   <row>
 231                     <entry>-...</entry>
 232                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 233                     <entry></entry>
 234                   </row>
 235                   <row>
 236                     <entry>-sony-fixed-...</entry>
 237                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 238                     <entry>"Sony Fixed"</entry>
 239                   </row>
 240                   <row>
 241                     <entry>-...</entry>
 242                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 243                     <entry></entry>
 244                   </row>
 245                 </tbody>
 246               </tgroup>
 247             </informaltable>
 248
 249             <para>
 250               Note that since <literal>-misc-fixed-</literal> and
 251               <literal>-sony-fixed-</literal> are different fonts Wine
 252               modified the second extracted name to make sure Windows
 253               programs can distinguish them because only extracted
 254               names appear in the font selection dialogs.
 255             </para>
 256           </listitem>
 257           <listitem>
 258             <para>
 259               "Masking" alias replaces the original extracted name so
 260               that in the  example case we will have the following
 261               mapping:
 262             </para>
 263             <informaltable>
 264               <tgroup cols="3">
 265                 <thead>
 266                   <row>
 267                     <entry>X font</entry>
 268                     <entry>...is masked to...</entry>
 269                     <entry>Extracted name</entry>
 270                   </row>
 271                 </thead>
 272                 <tbody>
 273                   <row>
 274                     <entry>--international-...</entry>
 275                     <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
 276                     <entry>"System"</entry>
 277                   </row>
 278                 </tbody>
 279               </tgroup>
 280             </informaltable>
 281             <para>
 282               "Nonmasking" aliases are transparent to the user and
 283               they do not replace extracted names.
 284             </para>
 285             <para>
 286               Wine discards an alias when it sees that the native X
 287               font is available.
 288             </para>
 289           </listitem>
 290           <listitem>
 291             <para>
 292               If you do not have access to Windows fonts mentioned in
 293               the first  paragraph you should try to substitute the
 294               "System" font with  nonmasking alias. The
 295               <command>xfontsel</command> application will show you
 296               the fonts available to X.
 297             </para>
 298             <screen>
 299 Alias.. = System, ...bold font without serifs
 300             </screen>
 301           </listitem>
 302         </itemizedlist>
 303         <para>
 304           Also, some Windows applications request fonts without
 305           specifying the  typeface name of the font. Font table starts
 306           with Arial in most Windows  installations, however X font
 307           table starts with whatever is the first line  in the
 308           <filename>fonts.dir</filename>.  Therefore WINE uses the
 309           following entry to determine  which font to check first.
 310         </para>
 311         <para>
 312           Example:
 313         </para>
 314         <screen>
 315 Default = -adobe-times-
 316         </screen>
 317         <para>
 318           Comments:
 319         </para>
 320         <para>
 321           It is better to have a scalable font family (bolds and
 322           italics included)  as the default choice because mapper
 323           checks all available fonts until  requested height and other
 324           attributes match perfectly or the end of the  font table is
 325           reached. Typical X installations have scalable fonts in the
 326           <filename>../fonts/Type1</filename> and
 327           <filename>../fonts/Speedo</filename> directories.
 328         </para>
 329       </sect3>
 330
 331       <sect3>
 332         <title>How To Manage Cached Font Metrics</title>
 333         <para>
 334           WINE stores detailed information about available fonts in
 335           the <filename>~/.wine/cachedmetrics.[display]</filename> file. You
 336           can copy it elsewhere and add this entry to the [fonts]
 337           section  in your <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>:
 338         </para>
 339         <screen>
 340 FontMetrics = &lt;file with metrics&gt;
 341         </screen>
 342         <para>
 343           If WINE detects changes in the X font configuration it will
 344           rebuild font metrics from scratch and then it will overwrite
 345           <filename>~/.wine/cachedmetrics.[display]</filename> with  the new
 346           information. This process can take a while.
 347         </para>
 348       </sect3>
 349
 350       <sect3>
 351         <title>Too Small Or Too Large Fonts</title>
 352         <para>
 353           Windows programs may ask WINE to render a font with the
 354           height specified in points. However, point-to-pixel ratio
 355           depends on the real physical size  of your display (15",
 356           17", etc...). X tries to provide an estimate of that  but it
 357           can be quite different from the actual size. You can change
 358           this ratio by adding the following entry to the [fonts]
 359           section:
 360         </para>
 361         <screen>
 362 Resolution = &lt;integer value&gt;
 363         </screen>
 364         <para>
 365           In general, higher numbers give you larger fonts. Try to
 366           experiment with values in the 60 - 120 range. 96 is a good
 367           starting point.
 368         </para>
 369       </sect3>
 370
 371       <sect3>
 372         <title>"FONT_Init: failed to load ..." Messages On Startup</title>
 373         <para>
 374           The most likely cause is a broken
 375           <filename>fonts.dir</filename> file in one of your font
 376           directories. You need to rerun <command>mkfontdir</command>
 377           to rebuild this file. Read its manpage for more information.
 378           If you can't run <command>mkfontdir</command> on this
 379           machine as you are not root, use <command>xset -fp
 380             xxx</command> to remove the broken font path.
 381         </para>
 382       </sect3>
 383     </sect2>
 384
 385     <sect2 id="ttfont-server">
 386     <title>Setting up a TrueType Font Server</title>
 387       <para>
 388         written by ???
 389       </para>
 390       <para>
 391         (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/ttfserver</filename>)
 392       </para>
 393
 394       <para>
 395         Follow these instructions to set up a TrueType font server on your system.
 396       </para>
 397
 398       <orderedlist>
 399         <listitem>
 400           <para>Get <filename>freetype-1.0.full.tar.gz</filename></para>
 401         </listitem>
 402         <listitem>
 403           <para>Read docs, unpack, configure and install</para>
 404         </listitem>
 405         <listitem>
 406           <para>Test the library, e.g. <command>ftview 20 /dosc/win95/fonts/times</command></para>
 407         </listitem>
 408         <listitem>
 409           <para>Get <filename>xfsft-beta1e.linux-i586</filename></para>
 410         </listitem>
 411         <listitem>
 412           <para>
 413             Install it and start it when booting, e.g. in an
 414             rc-script.  The manpage for <command>xfs</command>
 415             applies.
 416           </para>
 417         </listitem>
 418         <listitem>
 419           <para>Follow the hints given by <email>williamc@dai.ed.ac.uk</email></para>
 420         </listitem>
 421         <listitem>
 422           <para>
 423             I got <command>xfsft</command> from
 424             <ulink url="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html">http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html</ulink>.
 425             I have it running all the time.  Here is
 426             <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/config</filename>:
 427           </para>
 428           <programlisting>
 429 clone-self = on
 430 use-syslog = off
 431 catalogue = /c/windows/fonts
 432 error-file = /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/fs-errors
 433 default-point-size = 120
 434 default-resolutions = 75,75,100,100
 435           </programlisting>
 436           <para>
 437             Obviously <filename>/c/windows/fonts</filename> is where
 438             my Windows fonts on my Win95 <medialabel>C:</medialabel>
 439             drive live; could be e.g.
 440             <filename>/mnt/dosC/windows/system</filename> for Win31.
 441           </para>
 442           <para>
 443             In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.scale</filename> I
 444             have:
 445           </para>
 446           <programlisting>
 447 14
 448 arial.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 449 arialbd.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 450 arialbi.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 451 ariali.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 452 cour.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 453 courbd.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 454 courbi.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 455 couri.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 456 times.ttf -monotype-times-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 457 timesbd.ttf -monotype-times-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 458 timesbi.ttf -monotype-times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 459 timesi.ttf -monotype-times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
 460 symbol.ttf -monotype-symbol-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
 461 wingding.ttf -microsoft-wingdings-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
 462           </programlisting>
 463           <para>
 464             In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.dir</filename> I have
 465             exactly the same.
 466           </para>
 467           <para>
 468             In <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config</filename> I have
 469           </para>
 470           <programlisting>
 471 FontPath "tcp/localhost:7100"
 472           </programlisting>
 473           <para>
 474             in front of the other <literal>FontPath</literal> lines.
 475             That's it!  As an interesting by-product of course, all
 476             those web pages which specify Arial come up in Arial in
 477             Netscape ...
 478           </para>
 479         </listitem>
 480         <listitem>
 481           <para>
 482             Shut down X and restart (and debug errors you did while
 483             setting up everything).
 484           </para>
 485         </listitem>
 486         <listitem>
 487           <para>Test with e.g <command>xlsfont | grep arial</command></para>
 488         </listitem>
 489       </orderedlist>
 490
 491       <para>
 492         Hope this helps...
 493     </para>
 494   </sect2>
 495
 496 </sect1>
 497
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