1 /* -*- tab-width: 8; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
4 * MMSYSTEM low level drivers handling functions
6 * Copyright 1999 Eric Pouech
8 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
10 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
11 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
13 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
19 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
20 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
23 #define NONAMELESSUNION
35 #include "wine/debug.h"
36 #include "wine/exception.h"
41 #include "mmdeviceapi.h"
43 WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(winmm
);
45 /* each known type of driver has an instance of this structure */
46 typedef struct tagWINE_LLTYPE
{
47 /* those attributes depend on the specification of the type */
48 LPCSTR typestr
; /* name (for debugging) */
49 /* those attributes reflect the loaded/current situation for the type */
50 UINT wMaxId
; /* number of loaded devices (sum across all loaded drivers) */
51 LPWINE_MLD lpMlds
; /* "static" mlds to access the part though device IDs */
52 int nMapper
; /* index to mapper */
55 static WINE_LLTYPE llTypes
[MMDRV_MAX
] = {
57 { "Mixer", 0, 0, -1 },
58 { "MidiIn", 0, 0, -1 },
59 { "MidiOut", 0, 0, -1 },
60 { "WaveIn", 0, 0, -1 },
61 { "WaveOut", 0, 0, -1 }
64 static BOOL drivers_loaded
;
66 static WINE_MM_DRIVER MMDrvs
[8];
67 static LPWINE_MLD MM_MLDrvs
[40];
69 static void MMDRV_Init(void);
71 static void MMDRV_InitSingleType(UINT type
) {
72 if (!drivers_loaded
) {
73 drivers_loaded
= TRUE
;
78 /**************************************************************************
79 * MMDRV_GetNum [internal]
81 UINT
MMDRV_GetNum(UINT type
)
83 TRACE("(%04x)\n", type
);
84 assert(type
< MMDRV_MAX
);
85 MMDRV_InitSingleType(type
);
86 return llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
;
89 /**************************************************************************
90 * MMDRV_Message [internal]
92 DWORD
MMDRV_Message(LPWINE_MLD mld
, UINT wMsg
, DWORD_PTR dwParam1
,
95 LPWINE_MM_DRIVER lpDrv
;
97 WINE_MM_DRIVER_PART
* part
;
98 WINE_LLTYPE
* llType
= &llTypes
[mld
->type
];
100 TRACE("(%s %d %u 0x%08lx 0x%08lx 0x%08lx)\n",
101 llTypes
[mld
->type
].typestr
, mld
->uDeviceID
, wMsg
,
102 mld
->dwDriverInstance
, dwParam1
, dwParam2
);
104 if ((UINT16
)mld
->uDeviceID
== (UINT16
)-1) {
105 if (llType
->nMapper
== -1) {
106 WARN("uDev=-1 requested on non-mapped ll type %s\n",
107 llTypes
[mld
->type
].typestr
);
108 return MMSYSERR_BADDEVICEID
;
111 if (mld
->uDeviceID
>= llType
->wMaxId
) {
112 WARN("uDev(%u) requested >= max (%d)\n", mld
->uDeviceID
, llType
->wMaxId
);
113 return MMSYSERR_BADDEVICEID
;
117 lpDrv
= &MMDrvs
[mld
->mmdIndex
];
118 part
= &lpDrv
->parts
[mld
->type
];
120 assert(part
->fnMessage32
);
122 TRACE("Calling message(dev=%d msg=%u usr=0x%08lx p1=0x%08lx p2=0x%08lx)\n",
123 mld
->uDeviceID
, wMsg
, mld
->dwDriverInstance
, dwParam1
, dwParam2
);
124 ret
= part
->fnMessage32(mld
->uDeviceID
, wMsg
, mld
->dwDriverInstance
, dwParam1
, dwParam2
);
125 TRACE("=> %s\n", WINMM_ErrorToString(ret
));
130 /**************************************************************************
131 * MMDRV_Alloc [internal]
133 LPWINE_MLD
MMDRV_Alloc(UINT size
, UINT type
, LPHANDLE hndl
, DWORD
* dwFlags
,
134 DWORD_PTR
* dwCallback
, DWORD_PTR
* dwInstance
)
138 TRACE("(%d, %04x, %p, %p, %p, %p)\n",
139 size
, type
, hndl
, dwFlags
, dwCallback
, dwInstance
);
141 mld
= HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY
, size
);
142 if (!mld
) return NULL
;
144 /* find an empty slot in MM_MLDrvs table */
145 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(MM_MLDrvs
); i
++) if (!MM_MLDrvs
[i
]) break;
147 if (i
== ARRAY_SIZE(MM_MLDrvs
)) {
148 /* the MM_MLDrvs table could be made growable in the future if needed */
149 ERR("Too many open drivers\n");
150 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, mld
);
154 *hndl
= (HANDLE
)(i
| 0x8000);
157 if ((UINT_PTR
)*hndl
< MMDRV_GetNum(type
) || ((UINT_PTR
)*hndl
>> 16)) {
158 /* FIXME: those conditions must be fulfilled so that:
159 * - we can distinguish between device IDs and handles
160 * - we can use handles as 16 or 32 bit entities
162 ERR("Shouldn't happen. Bad allocation scheme\n");
165 mld
->dwFlags
= HIWORD(*dwFlags
);
166 mld
->dwCallback
= *dwCallback
;
167 mld
->dwClientInstance
= *dwInstance
;
172 /**************************************************************************
173 * MMDRV_Free [internal]
175 void MMDRV_Free(HANDLE hndl
, LPWINE_MLD mld
)
177 TRACE("(%p, %p)\n", hndl
, mld
);
179 if ((UINT_PTR
)hndl
& 0x8000) {
180 UINT_PTR idx
= (UINT_PTR
)hndl
& ~0x8000;
181 if (idx
< ARRAY_SIZE(MM_MLDrvs
)) {
182 MM_MLDrvs
[idx
] = NULL
;
183 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, mld
);
187 ERR("Bad Handle %p at %p (not freed)\n", hndl
, mld
);
190 /**************************************************************************
191 * MMDRV_Open [internal]
193 DWORD
MMDRV_Open(LPWINE_MLD mld
, UINT wMsg
, DWORD_PTR dwParam1
, DWORD dwFlags
)
195 DWORD dwRet
= MMSYSERR_BADDEVICEID
;
196 DWORD_PTR dwInstance
;
197 WINE_LLTYPE
* llType
= &llTypes
[mld
->type
];
198 TRACE("(%p, %04x, 0x%08lx, 0x%08x)\n", mld
, wMsg
, dwParam1
, dwFlags
);
200 mld
->dwDriverInstance
= (DWORD_PTR
)&dwInstance
;
202 if (mld
->uDeviceID
== (UINT
)-1 || mld
->uDeviceID
== (UINT16
)-1) {
203 TRACE("MAPPER mode requested !\n");
204 if (llType
->nMapper
== -1) {
205 WARN("Mapper not supported for type %s\n", llTypes
[mld
->type
].typestr
);
206 return MMSYSERR_BADDEVICEID
;
208 mld
->mmdIndex
= llType
->lpMlds
[-1].mmdIndex
;
209 TRACE("Setting mmdIndex to %u\n", mld
->mmdIndex
);
210 dwRet
= MMDRV_Message(mld
, wMsg
, dwParam1
, dwFlags
);
212 if (mld
->uDeviceID
< llType
->wMaxId
) {
213 mld
->mmdIndex
= llType
->lpMlds
[mld
->uDeviceID
].mmdIndex
;
214 TRACE("Setting mmdIndex to %u\n", mld
->mmdIndex
);
215 dwRet
= MMDRV_Message(mld
, wMsg
, dwParam1
, dwFlags
);
218 if (dwRet
== MMSYSERR_NOERROR
)
219 mld
->dwDriverInstance
= dwInstance
;
223 /**************************************************************************
224 * MMDRV_Close [internal]
226 DWORD
MMDRV_Close(LPWINE_MLD mld
, UINT wMsg
)
228 TRACE("(%p, %04x)\n", mld
, wMsg
);
229 return MMDRV_Message(mld
, wMsg
, 0L, 0L);
232 /**************************************************************************
233 * MMDRV_GetByID [internal]
235 static LPWINE_MLD
MMDRV_GetByID(UINT uDevID
, UINT type
)
237 TRACE("(%04x, %04x)\n", uDevID
, type
);
238 if (uDevID
< llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
)
239 return &llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[uDevID
];
240 if ((uDevID
== (UINT16
)-1 || uDevID
== (UINT
)-1) && llTypes
[type
].nMapper
!= -1)
241 return &llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[-1];
245 /**************************************************************************
246 * MMDRV_Get [internal]
248 LPWINE_MLD
MMDRV_Get(HANDLE _hndl
, UINT type
, BOOL bCanBeID
)
250 LPWINE_MLD mld
= NULL
;
251 UINT_PTR hndl
= (UINT_PTR
)_hndl
;
252 TRACE("(%p, %04x, %c)\n", _hndl
, type
, bCanBeID
? 'Y' : 'N');
254 assert(type
< MMDRV_MAX
);
255 MMDRV_InitSingleType(type
);
257 if (hndl
>= llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
&&
258 hndl
!= (UINT16
)-1 && hndl
!= (UINT
)-1) {
260 UINT idx
= hndl
& ~0x8000;
261 if (idx
< ARRAY_SIZE(MM_MLDrvs
)) {
264 mld
= MM_MLDrvs
[idx
];
265 if (mld
&& mld
->type
!= type
) mld
= NULL
;
275 if (mld
== NULL
&& bCanBeID
) {
276 mld
= MMDRV_GetByID(hndl
, type
);
281 /**************************************************************************
282 * MMDRV_PhysicalFeatures [internal]
284 UINT
MMDRV_PhysicalFeatures(LPWINE_MLD mld
, UINT uMsg
,
285 DWORD_PTR dwParam1
, DWORD_PTR dwParam2
)
287 WINE_MM_DRIVER
* lpDrv
= &MMDrvs
[mld
->mmdIndex
];
289 TRACE("(%p, %04x, %08lx, %08lx)\n", mld
, uMsg
, dwParam1
, dwParam2
);
291 /* all those function calls are undocumented */
293 case DRV_QUERYDRVENTRY
:
294 lstrcpynA((LPSTR
)dwParam1
, lpDrv
->drvname
, LOWORD(dwParam2
));
296 case DRV_QUERYDEVNODE
:
297 *(LPDWORD
)dwParam1
= 0L; /* should be DevNode */
300 WARN("NIY QueryName\n");
302 case DRV_QUERYDRIVERIDS
:
303 WARN("NIY call VxD\n");
304 /* should call VxD MMDEVLDR with (DevNode, dwParam1 and dwParam2) as pmts
305 * dwParam1 is buffer and dwParam2 is sizeof(buffer)
306 * I don't know where the result is stored though
309 case DRV_QUERYMAPPABLE
:
310 return (lpDrv
->bIsMapper
) ? 2 : 0;
312 case DRVM_MAPPER_PREFERRED_GET
:
313 /* FIXME: get from registry someday */
314 *((LPDWORD
)dwParam1
) = -1; /* No preferred device */
315 *((LPDWORD
)dwParam2
) = 0;
318 case DRV_QUERYDEVICEINTERFACE
:
319 case DRV_QUERYDEVICEINTERFACESIZE
:
320 return MMDRV_Message(mld
, uMsg
, dwParam1
, dwParam2
);
323 WARN("Unknown call %04x\n", uMsg
);
324 return MMSYSERR_INVALPARAM
;
329 /**************************************************************************
330 * MMDRV_InitPerType [internal]
332 static BOOL
MMDRV_InitPerType(LPWINE_MM_DRIVER lpDrv
, UINT type
, UINT wMsg
)
334 WINE_MM_DRIVER_PART
* part
= &lpDrv
->parts
[type
];
338 TRACE("(%p, %04x, %04x)\n", lpDrv
, type
, wMsg
);
340 part
->nIDMin
= part
->nIDMax
= 0;
342 /* for DRVM_INIT and DRVM_ENABLE, dwParam2 should be PnP node */
343 /* the DRVM_ENABLE is only required when the PnP node is non zero */
344 if (part
->fnMessage32
) {
345 ret
= part
->fnMessage32(0, DRVM_INIT
, 0L, 0L, 0L);
346 TRACE("DRVM_INIT => %s\n", WINMM_ErrorToString(ret
));
348 ret
= part
->fnMessage32(0, DRVM_ENABLE
, 0L, 0L, 0L);
349 TRACE("DRVM_ENABLE => %08lx\n", ret
);
351 count
= part
->fnMessage32(0, wMsg
, 0L, 0L, 0L);
355 TRACE("Got %u dev for (%s:%s)\n", count
, lpDrv
->drvname
, llTypes
[type
].typestr
);
360 /* got some drivers */
361 if (lpDrv
->bIsMapper
) {
362 llTypes
[type
].nMapper
= MMDrvsHi
;
366 part
->nIDMin
= llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
;
367 llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
+= count
;
368 part
->nIDMax
= llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
;
370 TRACE("Setting min=%d max=%d (ttop=%d) for (%s:%s)\n",
371 part
->nIDMin
, part
->nIDMax
, llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
,
372 lpDrv
->drvname
, llTypes
[type
].typestr
);
373 /* realloc translation table */
374 if (llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
)
375 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
= (LPWINE_MLD
)
376 HeapReAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
- 1,
377 sizeof(WINE_MLD
) * (llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
+ 1)) + 1;
379 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
= (LPWINE_MLD
)
380 HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0,
381 sizeof(WINE_MLD
) * (llTypes
[type
].wMaxId
+ 1)) + 1;
383 /* re-build the translation table */
384 if (lpDrv
->bIsMapper
) {
385 TRACE("%s:Trans[%d] -> %s\n", llTypes
[type
].typestr
, -1, MMDrvs
[llTypes
[type
].nMapper
].drvname
);
386 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[-1].uDeviceID
= (UINT
)-1;
387 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[-1].type
= type
;
388 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[-1].mmdIndex
= llTypes
[type
].nMapper
;
389 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[-1].dwDriverInstance
= 0;
391 for (i
= k
= 0; i
<= MMDrvsHi
; i
++) {
392 while (MMDrvs
[i
].parts
[type
].nIDMin
<= k
&& k
< MMDrvs
[i
].parts
[type
].nIDMax
) {
393 TRACE("%s:Trans[%d] -> %s\n", llTypes
[type
].typestr
, k
, MMDrvs
[i
].drvname
);
394 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[k
].uDeviceID
= k
;
395 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[k
].type
= type
;
396 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[k
].mmdIndex
= i
;
397 llTypes
[type
].lpMlds
[k
].dwDriverInstance
= 0;
404 /**************************************************************************
405 * MMDRV_Install [internal]
407 static BOOL
MMDRV_Install(LPCSTR drvRegName
, LPCSTR drvFileName
, BOOL bIsMapper
)
410 LPWINE_MM_DRIVER lpDrv
= &MMDrvs
[MMDrvsHi
];
412 WINEMM_msgFunc32 func
;
414 TRACE("('%s', '%s', mapper=%c);\n", drvRegName
, drvFileName
, bIsMapper
? 'Y' : 'N');
416 for (i
= 0; i
< MMDrvsHi
; i
++) {
417 if (!strcmp(drvRegName
, MMDrvs
[i
].drvname
)) return FALSE
;
420 /* Be sure that size of MMDrvs matches the max number of loadable
422 * If not just increase size of MMDrvs
424 assert(MMDrvsHi
<= ARRAY_SIZE(MMDrvs
));
426 memset(lpDrv
, 0, sizeof(*lpDrv
));
428 if (!(lpDrv
->hDriver
= OpenDriverA(drvFileName
, 0, 0))) {
429 WARN("Couldn't open driver '%s'\n", drvFileName
);
433 d
= DRIVER_FindFromHDrvr(lpDrv
->hDriver
);
435 /* Then look for xxxMessage functions */
436 #define AA(_h,_w,_x,_y,_z) \
437 func = (WINEMM_msgFunc##_y) _z ((_h), #_x); \
439 { lpDrv->parts[_w].fnMessage##_y = func; count++; \
440 TRACE("Got %d bit func '%s'\n", _y, #_x); }
443 #define A(_x,_y) AA(d->hModule,_x,_y,32,GetProcAddress)
444 A(MMDRV_AUX
, auxMessage
);
445 A(MMDRV_MIXER
, mxdMessage
);
446 A(MMDRV_MIDIIN
, midMessage
);
447 A(MMDRV_MIDIOUT
, modMessage
);
448 A(MMDRV_WAVEIN
, widMessage
);
449 A(MMDRV_WAVEOUT
, wodMessage
);
455 CloseDriver(lpDrv
->hDriver
, 0, 0);
456 WARN("No message functions found\n");
460 /* FIXME: being a mapper or not should be known by another way */
461 /* it's known for NE drvs (the description is of the form '*mapper: *'
462 * I don't have any clue for PE drvs
464 lpDrv
->bIsMapper
= bIsMapper
;
465 lpDrv
->drvname
= strcpy(HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, strlen(drvRegName
) + 1), drvRegName
);
467 /* Finish init and get the count of the devices */
469 if (MMDRV_InitPerType(lpDrv
, MMDRV_AUX
, AUXDM_GETNUMDEVS
)) i
= 1;
470 if (MMDRV_InitPerType(lpDrv
, MMDRV_MIXER
, MXDM_GETNUMDEVS
)) i
= 1;
471 if (MMDRV_InitPerType(lpDrv
, MMDRV_MIDIIN
, MIDM_GETNUMDEVS
)) i
= 1;
472 if (MMDRV_InitPerType(lpDrv
, MMDRV_MIDIOUT
, MODM_GETNUMDEVS
)) i
= 1;
473 if (MMDRV_InitPerType(lpDrv
, MMDRV_WAVEIN
, WIDM_GETNUMDEVS
)) i
= 1;
474 if (MMDRV_InitPerType(lpDrv
, MMDRV_WAVEOUT
, WODM_GETNUMDEVS
)) i
= 1;
475 /* if all those func calls return FALSE, then the driver must be unloaded */
477 CloseDriver(lpDrv
->hDriver
, 0, 0);
478 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, lpDrv
->drvname
);
479 WARN("Driver initialization failed\n");
488 /**************************************************************************
491 static void MMDRV_Init(void)
493 IMMDeviceEnumerator
*devenum
;
503 init_hr
= CoInitialize(NULL
);
505 hr
= CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator
, NULL
,
506 CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER
, &IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator
, (void**)&devenum
);
508 ERR("CoCreateInstance failed: %08x\n", hr
);
512 hr
= IMMDeviceEnumerator_GetDevice(devenum
, L
"Wine info device", &device
);
513 IMMDeviceEnumerator_Release(devenum
);
515 ERR("GetDevice failed: %08x\n", hr
);
519 hr
= IMMDevice_OpenPropertyStore(device
, STGM_READ
, &ps
);
521 ERR("OpenPropertyStore failed: %08x\n", hr
);
522 IMMDevice_Release(device
);
526 hr
= IPropertyStore_GetValue(ps
,
527 (const PROPERTYKEY
*)&DEVPKEY_Device_Driver
, &pv
);
528 IPropertyStore_Release(ps
);
529 IMMDevice_Release(device
);
531 ERR("GetValue failed: %08x\n", hr
);
535 size
= WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP
, 0, pv
.pwszVal
, -1,
536 NULL
, 0, NULL
, NULL
);
537 drvA
= HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, size
);
538 WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP
, 0, pv
.pwszVal
, -1, drvA
, size
, NULL
, NULL
);
540 MMDRV_Install(drvA
, drvA
, FALSE
);
542 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, drvA
);
543 PropVariantClear(&pv
);
545 MMDRV_Install("wavemapper", "msacm32.drv", TRUE
);
546 MMDRV_Install("midimapper", "midimap.dll", TRUE
);
549 if(SUCCEEDED(init_hr
))
553 /******************************************************************
558 static BOOL
MMDRV_ExitPerType(LPWINE_MM_DRIVER lpDrv
, UINT type
)
560 WINE_MM_DRIVER_PART
* part
= &lpDrv
->parts
[type
];
562 TRACE("(%p, %04x)\n", lpDrv
, type
);
564 if (part
->fnMessage32
) {
566 ret
= part
->fnMessage32(0, DRVM_DISABLE
, 0L, 0L, 0L);
567 TRACE("DRVM_DISABLE => %08lx\n", ret
);
569 ret
= part
->fnMessage32(0, DRVM_EXIT
, 0L, 0L, 0L);
570 TRACE("DRVM_EXIT => %s\n", WINMM_ErrorToString(ret
));
576 /******************************************************************
581 void MMDRV_Exit(void)
586 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(MM_MLDrvs
); i
++)
588 if (MM_MLDrvs
[i
] != NULL
)
590 FIXME("Closing while ll-driver open\n");
592 /* FIXME: should generate a message depending on type */
593 MMDRV_Free((HANDLE
)(i
| 0x8000), MM_MLDrvs
[i
]);
598 /* unload driver, in reverse order of loading */
599 i
= ARRAY_SIZE(MMDrvs
);
602 MMDRV_ExitPerType(&MMDrvs
[i
], MMDRV_AUX
);
603 MMDRV_ExitPerType(&MMDrvs
[i
], MMDRV_MIXER
);
604 MMDRV_ExitPerType(&MMDrvs
[i
], MMDRV_MIDIIN
);
605 MMDRV_ExitPerType(&MMDrvs
[i
], MMDRV_MIDIOUT
);
606 MMDRV_ExitPerType(&MMDrvs
[i
], MMDRV_WAVEIN
);
607 MMDRV_ExitPerType(&MMDrvs
[i
], MMDRV_WAVEOUT
);
608 CloseDriver(MMDrvs
[i
].hDriver
, 0, 0);
610 if (llTypes
[MMDRV_AUX
].lpMlds
)
611 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, llTypes
[MMDRV_AUX
].lpMlds
- 1);
612 if (llTypes
[MMDRV_MIXER
].lpMlds
)
613 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, llTypes
[MMDRV_MIXER
].lpMlds
- 1);
614 if (llTypes
[MMDRV_MIDIIN
].lpMlds
)
615 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, llTypes
[MMDRV_MIDIIN
].lpMlds
- 1);
616 if (llTypes
[MMDRV_MIDIOUT
].lpMlds
)
617 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, llTypes
[MMDRV_MIDIOUT
].lpMlds
- 1);
618 if (llTypes
[MMDRV_WAVEIN
].lpMlds
)
619 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, llTypes
[MMDRV_WAVEIN
].lpMlds
- 1);
620 if (llTypes
[MMDRV_WAVEOUT
].lpMlds
)
621 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, llTypes
[MMDRV_WAVEOUT
].lpMlds
- 1);