2 * MOTU Midi Timepiece ALSA Main routines
3 * Copyright by Michael T. Mayers (c) Jan 09, 2000
4 * mail: michael@tweakoz.com
5 * Thanks to John Galbraith
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10 * (at your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
22 * This driver is for the 'Mark Of The Unicorn' (MOTU)
23 * MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI interface
27 * 8 MIDI Ins and 8 MIDI outs
28 * Video Sync In (BNC), Word Sync Out (BNC),
31 * 2 programmable pedal/footswitch inputs and 4 programmable MIDI controller knobs.
32 * Macintosh RS422 serial port
33 * RS422 "network" port for ganging multiple MTP's
34 * PC Parallel Port ( which this driver currently uses )
38 * Hardware MIDI routing, merging, and filtering
39 * MIDI Synchronization to Video, ADAT, SMPTE and other Clock sources
40 * 128 'scene' memories, recallable from MIDI program change
44 * Jun 11 2001 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
45 * - Recoded & debugged
46 * - Added timer interrupt for midi outputs
47 * - hwports is between 1 and 8, which specifies the number of hardware ports.
48 * The three global ports, computer, adat and broadcast ports, are created
49 * always after h/w and remote ports.
53 #include <sound/driver.h>
54 #include <linux/init.h>
55 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
56 #include <linux/slab.h>
57 #include <linux/ioport.h>
58 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
59 #include <sound/core.h>
60 #include <sound/initval.h>
61 #include <sound/rawmidi.h>
62 #include <linux/delay.h>
69 MODULE_AUTHOR("Michael T. Mayers");
70 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI");
71 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
72 MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{MOTU,MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI}}");
75 #define MTPAV_IOBASE 0x378
77 #define MTPAV_MAX_PORTS 8
79 static int index
= SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1
;
80 static char *id
= SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1
;
81 static long port
= MTPAV_IOBASE
; /* 0x378, 0x278 */
82 static int irq
= MTPAV_IRQ
; /* 7, 5 */
83 static int hwports
= MTPAV_MAX_PORTS
; /* use hardware ports 1-8 */
85 module_param(index
, int, 0444);
86 MODULE_PARM_DESC(index
, "Index value for MotuMTPAV MIDI.");
87 module_param(id
, charp
, 0444);
88 MODULE_PARM_DESC(id
, "ID string for MotuMTPAV MIDI.");
89 module_param(port
, long, 0444);
90 MODULE_PARM_DESC(port
, "Parallel port # for MotuMTPAV MIDI.");
91 module_param(irq
, int, 0444);
92 MODULE_PARM_DESC(irq
, "Parallel IRQ # for MotuMTPAV MIDI.");
93 module_param(hwports
, int, 0444);
94 MODULE_PARM_DESC(hwports
, "Hardware ports # for MotuMTPAV MIDI.");
99 //#define USE_FAKE_MTP // don't actually read/write to MTP device (for debugging without an actual unit) (does not work yet)
101 // parallel port usage masks
102 #define SIGS_BYTE 0x08
103 #define SIGS_RFD 0x80
104 #define SIGS_IRQ 0x40
105 #define SIGS_IN0 0x10
106 #define SIGS_IN1 0x20
108 #define SIGC_WRITE 0x04
109 #define SIGC_READ 0x08
110 #define SIGC_INTEN 0x10
117 #define MTPAV_MODE_INPUT_OPENED 0x01
118 #define MTPAV_MODE_OUTPUT_OPENED 0x02
119 #define MTPAV_MODE_INPUT_TRIGGERED 0x04
120 #define MTPAV_MODE_OUTPUT_TRIGGERED 0x08
122 #define NUMPORTS (0x12+1)
128 typedef struct mtpav_port
{
133 snd_rawmidi_substream_t
*input
;
134 snd_rawmidi_substream_t
*output
;
137 typedef struct mtpav
{
140 struct resource
*res_port
;
141 int irq
; /* interrupt (for inputs) */
143 int share_irq
; /* number of accesses to input interrupts */
144 int istimer
; /* number of accesses to timer interrupts */
145 struct timer_list timer
; /* timer interrupts for outputs */
146 snd_rawmidi_t
*rmidi
;
147 int num_ports
; /* number of hw ports (1-8) */
148 mtpav_port_t ports
[NUMPORTS
]; /* all ports including computer, adat and bc */
150 u32 inmidiport
; /* selected input midi port */
151 u32 inmidistate
; /* during midi command 0xf5 */
153 u32 outmidihwport
; /* selected output midi hw port */
159 * hey, we handle at most only one card..
161 static mtpav_t
*mtp_card
;
164 * possible hardware ports (selected by 0xf5 port message)
166 * 0x01 .. 0x08 this MTP's ports 1..8
167 * 0x09 .. 0x10 networked MTP's ports (9..16)
168 * 0x11 networked MTP's computer port
172 * subdevice 0 - (X-1) ports
173 * X - (2*X-1) networked ports
178 * where X = chip->num_ports
181 #define MTPAV_PIDX_COMPUTER 0
182 #define MTPAV_PIDX_ADAT 1
183 #define MTPAV_PIDX_BROADCAST 2
186 static int translate_subdevice_to_hwport(mtpav_t
*chip
, int subdev
)
189 return 0x01; /* invalid - use port 0 as default */
190 else if (subdev
< chip
->num_ports
)
191 return subdev
+ 1; /* single mtp port */
192 else if (subdev
< chip
->num_ports
* 2)
193 return subdev
- chip
->num_ports
+ 0x09; /* remote port */
194 else if (subdev
== chip
->num_ports
* 2 + MTPAV_PIDX_COMPUTER
)
195 return 0x11; /* computer port */
196 else if (subdev
== chip
->num_ports
+ MTPAV_PIDX_ADAT
)
197 return 0x63; /* ADAT */
198 return 0; /* all ports */
201 static int translate_hwport_to_subdevice(mtpav_t
*chip
, int hwport
)
204 if (hwport
<= 0x00) /* all ports */
205 return chip
->num_ports
+ MTPAV_PIDX_BROADCAST
;
206 else if (hwport
<= 0x08) { /* single port */
208 if (p
>= chip
->num_ports
)
211 } else if (hwport
<= 0x10) { /* remote port */
212 p
= hwport
- 0x09 + chip
->num_ports
;
213 if (p
>= chip
->num_ports
* 2)
216 } else if (hwport
== 0x11) /* computer port */
217 return chip
->num_ports
+ MTPAV_PIDX_COMPUTER
;
219 return chip
->num_ports
+ MTPAV_PIDX_ADAT
;
226 static u8
snd_mtpav_getreg(mtpav_t
*chip
, u16 reg
)
231 rval
= inb(chip
->port
+ SREG
);
232 rval
= (rval
& 0xf8);
233 } else if (reg
== CREG
) {
234 rval
= inb(chip
->port
+ CREG
);
235 rval
= (rval
& 0x1c);
244 static void snd_mtpav_mputreg(mtpav_t
*chip
, u16 reg
, u8 val
)
247 outb(val
, chip
->port
+ DREG
);
248 } else if (reg
== CREG
) {
249 outb(val
, chip
->port
+ CREG
);
256 static void snd_mtpav_wait_rfdhi(mtpav_t
*chip
)
261 sbyte
= snd_mtpav_getreg(chip
, SREG
);
262 while (!(sbyte
& SIGS_RFD
) && counts
--) {
263 sbyte
= snd_mtpav_getreg(chip
, SREG
);
268 static void snd_mtpav_send_byte(mtpav_t
*chip
, u8 byte
)
274 snd_mtpav_wait_rfdhi(chip
);
278 tcbyt
= snd_mtpav_getreg(chip
, CREG
);
279 clrwrite
= tcbyt
& (SIGC_WRITE
^ 0xff);
280 setwrite
= tcbyt
| SIGC_WRITE
;
282 snd_mtpav_mputreg(chip
, DREG
, byte
);
283 snd_mtpav_mputreg(chip
, CREG
, clrwrite
); // clear write bit
285 snd_mtpav_mputreg(chip
, CREG
, setwrite
); // set write bit
293 /* call this with spin lock held */
294 static void snd_mtpav_output_port_write(mtpav_port_t
*port
,
295 snd_rawmidi_substream_t
*substream
)
299 // Get the outbyte first, so we can emulate running status if
301 if (snd_rawmidi_transmit(substream
, &outbyte
, 1) != 1)
304 // send port change command if necessary
306 if (port
->hwport
!= mtp_card
->outmidihwport
) {
307 mtp_card
->outmidihwport
= port
->hwport
;
309 snd_mtpav_send_byte(mtp_card
, 0xf5);
310 snd_mtpav_send_byte(mtp_card
, port
->hwport
);
311 //snd_printk("new outport: 0x%x\n", (unsigned int) port->hwport);
313 if (!(outbyte
& 0x80) && port
->running_status
)
314 snd_mtpav_send_byte(mtp_card
, port
->running_status
);
321 port
->running_status
= outbyte
;
323 snd_mtpav_send_byte(mtp_card
, outbyte
);
324 } while (snd_rawmidi_transmit(substream
, &outbyte
, 1) == 1);
327 static void snd_mtpav_output_write(snd_rawmidi_substream_t
* substream
)
329 mtpav_port_t
*port
= &mtp_card
->ports
[substream
->number
];
332 spin_lock_irqsave(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
333 snd_mtpav_output_port_write(port
, substream
);
334 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
342 static void snd_mtpav_portscan(mtpav_t
*chip
) // put mtp into smart routing mode
346 for (p
= 0; p
< 8; p
++) {
347 snd_mtpav_send_byte(chip
, 0xf5);
348 snd_mtpav_send_byte(chip
, p
);
349 snd_mtpav_send_byte(chip
, 0xfe);
356 static int snd_mtpav_input_open(snd_rawmidi_substream_t
* substream
)
359 mtpav_port_t
*portp
= &mtp_card
->ports
[substream
->number
];
361 //printk("mtpav port: %d opened\n", (int) substream->number);
362 spin_lock_irqsave(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
363 portp
->mode
|= MTPAV_MODE_INPUT_OPENED
;
364 portp
->input
= substream
;
365 if (mtp_card
->share_irq
++ == 0)
366 snd_mtpav_mputreg(mtp_card
, CREG
, (SIGC_INTEN
| SIGC_WRITE
)); // enable pport interrupts
367 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
374 static int snd_mtpav_input_close(snd_rawmidi_substream_t
*substream
)
377 mtpav_port_t
*portp
= &mtp_card
->ports
[substream
->number
];
379 //printk("mtpav port: %d closed\n", (int) portp);
381 spin_lock_irqsave(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
383 portp
->mode
&= (~MTPAV_MODE_INPUT_OPENED
);
385 if (--mtp_card
->share_irq
== 0)
386 snd_mtpav_mputreg(mtp_card
, CREG
, 0); // disable pport interrupts
388 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
395 static void snd_mtpav_input_trigger(snd_rawmidi_substream_t
* substream
, int up
)
398 mtpav_port_t
*portp
= &mtp_card
->ports
[substream
->number
];
400 spin_lock_irqsave(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
402 portp
->mode
|= MTPAV_MODE_INPUT_TRIGGERED
;
404 portp
->mode
&= ~MTPAV_MODE_INPUT_TRIGGERED
;
405 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
411 * timer interrupt for outputs
414 static void snd_mtpav_output_timer(unsigned long data
)
417 mtpav_t
*chip
= (mtpav_t
*)data
;
420 spin_lock_irqsave(&chip
->spinlock
, flags
);
421 /* reprogram timer */
422 chip
->timer
.expires
= 1 + jiffies
;
423 add_timer(&chip
->timer
);
424 /* process each port */
425 for (p
= 0; p
<= chip
->num_ports
* 2 + MTPAV_PIDX_BROADCAST
; p
++) {
426 mtpav_port_t
*portp
= &mtp_card
->ports
[p
];
427 if ((portp
->mode
& MTPAV_MODE_OUTPUT_TRIGGERED
) && portp
->output
)
428 snd_mtpav_output_port_write(portp
, portp
->output
);
430 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip
->spinlock
, flags
);
434 static void snd_mtpav_add_output_timer(mtpav_t
*chip
)
436 init_timer(&chip
->timer
);
437 chip
->timer
.function
= snd_mtpav_output_timer
;
438 chip
->timer
.data
= (unsigned long) mtp_card
;
439 chip
->timer
.expires
= 1 + jiffies
;
440 add_timer(&chip
->timer
);
444 static void snd_mtpav_remove_output_timer(mtpav_t
*chip
)
446 del_timer(&chip
->timer
);
452 static int snd_mtpav_output_open(snd_rawmidi_substream_t
* substream
)
455 mtpav_port_t
*portp
= &mtp_card
->ports
[substream
->number
];
457 spin_lock_irqsave(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
458 portp
->mode
|= MTPAV_MODE_OUTPUT_OPENED
;
459 portp
->output
= substream
;
460 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
467 static int snd_mtpav_output_close(snd_rawmidi_substream_t
* substream
)
470 mtpav_port_t
*portp
= &mtp_card
->ports
[substream
->number
];
472 spin_lock_irqsave(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
473 portp
->mode
&= (~MTPAV_MODE_OUTPUT_OPENED
);
474 portp
->output
= NULL
;
475 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
482 static void snd_mtpav_output_trigger(snd_rawmidi_substream_t
* substream
, int up
)
485 mtpav_port_t
*portp
= &mtp_card
->ports
[substream
->number
];
487 spin_lock_irqsave(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
489 if (! (portp
->mode
& MTPAV_MODE_OUTPUT_TRIGGERED
)) {
490 if (mtp_card
->istimer
++ == 0)
491 snd_mtpav_add_output_timer(mtp_card
);
492 portp
->mode
|= MTPAV_MODE_OUTPUT_TRIGGERED
;
495 portp
->mode
&= ~MTPAV_MODE_OUTPUT_TRIGGERED
;
496 if (--mtp_card
->istimer
== 0)
497 snd_mtpav_remove_output_timer(mtp_card
);
499 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mtp_card
->spinlock
, flags
);
502 snd_mtpav_output_write(substream
);
506 * midi interrupt for inputs
509 static void snd_mtpav_inmidi_process(mtpav_t
*mcrd
, u8 inbyte
)
513 if ((int)mcrd
->inmidiport
> mcrd
->num_ports
* 2 + MTPAV_PIDX_BROADCAST
)
516 portp
= &mcrd
->ports
[mcrd
->inmidiport
];
517 if (portp
->mode
& MTPAV_MODE_INPUT_TRIGGERED
) {
518 snd_rawmidi_receive(portp
->input
, &inbyte
, 1);
522 static void snd_mtpav_inmidi_h(mtpav_t
* mcrd
, u8 inbyte
)
524 snd_assert(mcrd
, return);
526 if (inbyte
>= 0xf8) {
527 /* real-time midi code */
528 snd_mtpav_inmidi_process(mcrd
, inbyte
);
532 if (mcrd
->inmidistate
== 0) { // awaiting command
533 if (inbyte
== 0xf5) // MTP port #
534 mcrd
->inmidistate
= 1;
536 snd_mtpav_inmidi_process(mcrd
, inbyte
);
537 } else if (mcrd
->inmidistate
) {
538 mcrd
->inmidiport
= translate_hwport_to_subdevice(mcrd
, inbyte
);
539 mcrd
->inmidistate
= 0;
543 static void snd_mtpav_read_bytes(mtpav_t
* mcrd
)
550 u8 sbyt
= snd_mtpav_getreg(mcrd
, SREG
);
552 //printk("snd_mtpav_read_bytes() sbyt: 0x%x\n", sbyt);
554 if (!(sbyt
& SIGS_BYTE
))
557 cbyt
= snd_mtpav_getreg(mcrd
, CREG
);
558 clrread
= cbyt
& (SIGC_READ
^ 0xff);
559 setread
= cbyt
| SIGC_READ
;
564 for (i
= 0; i
< 4; i
++) {
565 snd_mtpav_mputreg(mcrd
, CREG
, setread
);
566 sr
= snd_mtpav_getreg(mcrd
, SREG
);
567 snd_mtpav_mputreg(mcrd
, CREG
, clrread
);
569 sr
&= SIGS_IN0
| SIGS_IN1
;
571 mtp_read_byte
|= sr
<< (i
* 2);
574 snd_mtpav_inmidi_h(mcrd
, mtp_read_byte
);
576 sbyt
= snd_mtpav_getreg(mcrd
, SREG
);
578 } while (sbyt
& SIGS_BYTE
);
581 static irqreturn_t
snd_mtpav_irqh(int irq
, void *dev_id
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
583 mtpav_t
*mcard
= dev_id
;
585 //printk("irqh()\n");
586 spin_lock(&mcard
->spinlock
);
587 snd_mtpav_read_bytes(mcard
);
588 spin_unlock(&mcard
->spinlock
);
595 static int snd_mtpav_get_ISA(mtpav_t
* mcard
)
597 if ((mcard
->res_port
= request_region(port
, 3, "MotuMTPAV MIDI")) == NULL
) {
598 snd_printk("MTVAP port 0x%lx is busy\n", port
);
602 if (request_irq(irq
, snd_mtpav_irqh
, SA_INTERRUPT
, "MOTU MTPAV", (void *)mcard
)) {
603 snd_printk("MTVAP IRQ %d busy\n", irq
);
614 static snd_rawmidi_ops_t snd_mtpav_output
= {
615 .open
= snd_mtpav_output_open
,
616 .close
= snd_mtpav_output_close
,
617 .trigger
= snd_mtpav_output_trigger
,
620 static snd_rawmidi_ops_t snd_mtpav_input
= {
621 .open
= snd_mtpav_input_open
,
622 .close
= snd_mtpav_input_close
,
623 .trigger
= snd_mtpav_input_trigger
,
628 * get RAWMIDI resources
631 static void snd_mtpav_set_name(mtpav_t
*chip
, snd_rawmidi_substream_t
*substream
)
633 if (substream
->number
>= 0 && substream
->number
< chip
->num_ports
)
634 sprintf(substream
->name
, "MTP direct %d", (substream
->number
% chip
->num_ports
) + 1);
635 else if (substream
->number
>= 8 && substream
->number
< chip
->num_ports
* 2)
636 sprintf(substream
->name
, "MTP remote %d", (substream
->number
% chip
->num_ports
) + 1);
637 else if (substream
->number
== chip
->num_ports
* 2)
638 strcpy(substream
->name
, "MTP computer");
639 else if (substream
->number
== chip
->num_ports
* 2 + 1)
640 strcpy(substream
->name
, "MTP ADAT");
642 strcpy(substream
->name
, "MTP broadcast");
645 static int snd_mtpav_get_RAWMIDI(mtpav_t
* mcard
)
648 snd_rawmidi_t
*rawmidi
;
649 snd_rawmidi_substream_t
*substream
;
650 struct list_head
*list
;
652 //printk("entering snd_mtpav_get_RAWMIDI\n");
655 mcard
->num_ports
= 1;
656 else if (hwports
> 8)
657 mcard
->num_ports
= 8;
659 mcard
->num_ports
= hwports
;
661 if ((rval
= snd_rawmidi_new(mcard
->card
, "MotuMIDI", 0,
662 mcard
->num_ports
* 2 + MTPAV_PIDX_BROADCAST
+ 1,
663 mcard
->num_ports
* 2 + MTPAV_PIDX_BROADCAST
+ 1,
666 rawmidi
= mcard
->rmidi
;
668 list_for_each(list
, &rawmidi
->streams
[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT
].substreams
) {
669 substream
= list_entry(list
, snd_rawmidi_substream_t
, list
);
670 snd_mtpav_set_name(mcard
, substream
);
671 substream
->ops
= &snd_mtpav_input
;
673 list_for_each(list
, &rawmidi
->streams
[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT
].substreams
) {
674 substream
= list_entry(list
, snd_rawmidi_substream_t
, list
);
675 snd_mtpav_set_name(mcard
, substream
);
676 substream
->ops
= &snd_mtpav_output
;
677 mcard
->ports
[substream
->number
].hwport
= translate_subdevice_to_hwport(mcard
, substream
->number
);
679 rawmidi
->info_flags
|= SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_OUTPUT
| SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_INPUT
|
680 SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_DUPLEX
;
681 sprintf(rawmidi
->name
, "MTP AV MIDI");
682 //printk("exiting snd_mtpav_get_RAWMIDI() \n");
689 static mtpav_t
*new_mtpav(void)
691 mtpav_t
*ncrd
= kcalloc(1, sizeof(*ncrd
), GFP_KERNEL
);
693 spin_lock_init(&ncrd
->spinlock
);
695 init_timer(&ncrd
->timer
);
700 ncrd
->inmidiport
= 0xffffffff;
701 ncrd
->inmidistate
= 0;
702 ncrd
->outmidihwport
= 0xffffffff;
710 static void free_mtpav(mtpav_t
* crd
)
714 spin_lock_irqsave(&crd
->spinlock
, flags
);
715 if (crd
->istimer
> 0)
716 snd_mtpav_remove_output_timer(crd
);
717 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&crd
->spinlock
, flags
);
719 free_irq(crd
->irq
, (void *)crd
);
721 release_resource(crd
->res_port
);
722 kfree_nocheck(crd
->res_port
);
730 static int __init
alsa_card_mtpav_init(void)
733 char longname_buffer
[80];
735 mtp_card
= new_mtpav();
736 if (mtp_card
== NULL
)
739 mtp_card
->card
= snd_card_new(index
, id
, THIS_MODULE
, 0);
740 if (mtp_card
->card
== NULL
) {
741 free_mtpav(mtp_card
);
745 err
= snd_mtpav_get_ISA(mtp_card
);
746 //printk("snd_mtpav_get_ISA returned: %d\n", err);
750 strcpy(mtp_card
->card
->driver
, "MTPAV");
751 strcpy(mtp_card
->card
->shortname
, "MTPAV on parallel port");
752 memset(longname_buffer
, 0, sizeof(longname_buffer
));
753 sprintf(longname_buffer
, "MTPAV on parallel port at");
755 err
= snd_mtpav_get_RAWMIDI(mtp_card
);
756 //snd_printk("snd_mtapv_get_RAWMIDI returned: %d\n", err);
760 err
= snd_card_register(mtp_card
->card
); // don't snd_card_register until AFTER all cards reources done!
762 //printk("snd_card_register returned %d\n", err);
767 snd_mtpav_portscan(mtp_card
);
769 printk(KERN_INFO
"Motu MidiTimePiece on parallel port irq: %d ioport: 0x%lx\n", irq
, port
);
774 snd_card_free(mtp_card
->card
);
775 free_mtpav(mtp_card
);
782 static void __exit
alsa_card_mtpav_exit(void)
784 if (mtp_card
== NULL
)
787 snd_card_free(mtp_card
->card
);
788 free_mtpav(mtp_card
);
794 module_init(alsa_card_mtpav_init
)
795 module_exit(alsa_card_mtpav_exit
)