[PATCH] PCI Hotplug: fix up coding style issues
[wandboard.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
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1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled.
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
53         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
54         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
55         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
57         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
60         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
62         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
64         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
66         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
67         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
69                         Documentation/scsi/.
70         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
72         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
74         SWSUSP  Software suspend is enabled.
75         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76         USB     USB support is enabled.
77         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
79         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
80         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
82         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
109                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
110                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114                         strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
123         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124                         Format: { level | edge | high | low }
126         acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
127                         ACPI will balance active IRQs
128                         default in APIC mode
130         acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
131                         ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
132                         default in PIC mode
134         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
135                         use by PCI
136                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
139                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
141         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
143         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
145         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
146                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
147                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
149         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
150                         Format: <int>
151                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
152                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
153                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
154                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
156         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
157                         Format: <int>
158                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
159                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
160                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
161                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
163         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
165         acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
166                         Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
167                         override platform specific driver.
168                         See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
170         enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
171                         Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
172                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
173                         (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
174                         The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
176         disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
177                         Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
178                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
180         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
181                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
182                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
184         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
185                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
187         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
188                         Format: <io>
190         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
191                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
193         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
194                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
196         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
197                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
198                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
200         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
201                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
203         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
204                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
206         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
207                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
209         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
210                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
212         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
213                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
214                         Format: <a>,<b>
215                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
217         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
218                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
219                         connected to one of 16 gameports
220                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
222         apc=            [HW,SPARC]
223                         Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
224                         Format: noidle
225                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
226                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
227                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
229         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
230                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
231                         Change the amount of debugging information output
232                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
234         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
235                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
237         applicom=       [HW]
238                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
240         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
241                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
243         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
245         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
247         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
249         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
250                         EzKey and similar keyboards
252         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
254         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set
255                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
257         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
258                         keyboards
260         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
261                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
263         atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
264                         Use software keyboard repeat
266         autotest        [IA64]
268         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
269                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
271         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
272                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
274         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
275                         Format: <io>,<mode>
277         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
278                         Format: <io>,<mode>
279                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
281         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
282                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
283                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
284                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
286         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
287                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
288                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
289                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
291         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
292         blkmtd_erasesz=
293         blkmtd_ro=
294         blkmtd_bs=
295         blkmtd_count=
297         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
298         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as
299                         kernel args too.
300         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
301         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
303         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
304                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
305                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
307         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
309         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
310                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
311                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
312                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
313                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
314                         This option provides an override for these situations.
316         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
317                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
318                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
320         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
322         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
323                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
324                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
325                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
326                                 any implied execute protection).
327                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
328                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
329                         Value can be changed at runtime via
330                                 /selinux/checkreqprot.
332         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
333                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
334                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
335                         timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
336                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
338         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
339                         Format: disable
341         cm206=          [HW,CD]
342                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
344         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
345                         Format:
346                         <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
348         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
349                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
351         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
352                         ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
353                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
355         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
356         conmode=
358         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
360                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
362                 ttyS<n>[,options]
363                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
364                         the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
365                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
366                         Default is "9600n8".
368                         See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
370                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
371                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
372                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
373                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
374                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
375                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
377         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
378                         Format:
379                         <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
381         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
382                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
384         crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
385                         [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
386                         hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
388         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
389                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
391         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
392                         Format: <dma>
394         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
395                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
397         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
399         dasd=           [HW,NET]
400                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
402         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
403                         (one device per port)
404                         Format: <port#>,<type>
405                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
407         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
409         decnet=         [HW,NET]
410                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
411                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
413         devfs=          [DEVFS]
414                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
416         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
417                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
419         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
420                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
422         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
423                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
424                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
426         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
427                         support available.
428                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
430         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
432         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
434         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
436         earlyprintk=    [IA-32,X86-64]
437                         earlyprintk=vga
438                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
440                         Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
441                         takes over.
443                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
445                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
447                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
448                         very good.
450                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
451                         console.
453         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
455         eda=            [HW,PS2]
457         edb=            [HW,PS2]
459         edd=            [EDD]
460                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
461                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
463         eicon=          [HW,ISDN]
464                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
466         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
467                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
469         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
470                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
471                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
473         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
474                         Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
475                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
476                         Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
478         elfcorehdr=     [IA-32, X86_64]
479                         Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
480                         image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
481                         pass this option to capture kernel.
482                         See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
484         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
485                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
486                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
487                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
488                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
489                         Default value is 0.
490                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
492         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
493                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
494                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
496         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
497                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
498                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
500         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
501                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
502                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
504         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
505                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
507         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
508                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
510         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
511                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
513         floppy=         [HW]
514                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
516         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
517                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
519         gamecon.map[2|3]=
520                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
521                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
522                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
523                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
525         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
527         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
528                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
530         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
531                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
533         gscd=           [HW,CD]
534                         Format: <io>
536         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
538         gus=            [HW,OSS]
539                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
541         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
543         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
544                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
545                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
546                         Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
548         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
550         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
551                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
553         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
554         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
556         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
557                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
558                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
559                         size on bigger boxes.
561         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
562                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
564         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
566         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
568         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
569         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
570                              keyboard and can not control its state
571                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
572         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
573         i8042.nokbd     [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
574         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
575                              controller
576         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
577                              controllers
578         i8042.panicblink=
579                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
580                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
581         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
582         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
584         i810=           [HW,DRM]
586         i8k.ignore_dmi  [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
587                         indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
588                         hardware.
589         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
590                         does not match list of supported models.
591         i8k.power_status
592                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
593                         (disabled by default)
594         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
595                         capability is set.
597         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
598                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
600         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
601                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
603         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
604                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
605                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
607         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
608                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
609                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
611         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
612                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
614         idle=           [HW]
615                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
617         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
618                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
620         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
621                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
623         init=           [KNL]
624                         Format: <full_path>
625                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
626                         process.
628         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
629                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
630                         startup.
632         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
634         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
635                         Format: <irq>
637         combined_mode=  [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
638                         mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
639                         (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
640                         useful as well).  Note that using the ide or libata
641                         options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
642                         changing hdc to sdb).
643                         Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
645         inttest=        [IA64]
647         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
648                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
649                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
651         ip=             [IP_PNP]
652                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
654         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
655                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
657         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
658                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
660         irqfixup        [HW]
661                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
662                         for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
663                         firmware running.
665         irqpoll         [HW]
666                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
667                         for it. Also check all handlers each timer
668                         interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
669                         firmware running.
671         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
672                         Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
674         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
675                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
676                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
677                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
678                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
679                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
680                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
681                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
683                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
684                         alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
685                         tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
686                         suboptimal load balancer performance.
688         isp16=          [HW,CD]
689                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
691         iucv=           [HW,NET]
693         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
694                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
696         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
698         kstack=N        [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
699                         in oops dumps.
701         l2cr=           [PPC]
703         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
704                         disabled it.
706         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
707                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
709         llsc*=          [IA64] See function print_params() in
710                         arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
712         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
713                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
715         lockd.nlm_grace_period=P  [NFS] Assign grace period.
716                         Format: <integer>
718         lockd.nlm_tcpport=N     [NFS] Assign TCP port.
719                         Format: <integer>
721         lockd.nlm_timeout=T     [NFS] Assign timeout value.
722                         Format: <integer>
724         lockd.nlm_udpport=M     [NFS] Assign UDP port.
725                         Format: <integer>
727         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
728                         Format: <irq>
730         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
731                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
732                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
733                         loglevels are defined as follows:
735                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
736                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
737                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
738                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
739                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
740                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
741                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
742                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
744         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
745                         Format: { n | nk | nM }
746                         n must be a power of two.  The default size
747                         is set in the kernel config file.
749         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
750         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
751         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
752         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
753                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
754                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
755                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
756                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
757                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
758                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
759                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
760                                 port specification list means that device IDs
761                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
762                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
763                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
764                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
766         lpj=n           [KNL]
767                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
768                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
769                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
770                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
771                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
772                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
773                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
774                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
775                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
776                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
777                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
778                         hardware.
780         ltpc=           [NET]
781                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
783         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI] Format:
784                         <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
786         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI] Format:
787                         <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
789         machvec=        [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
790                         (machvec) in a generic kernel.
791                         Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
793         mad16=          [HW,OSS] Format:
794                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
796         maui=           [HW,OSS]
797                         Format: <io>,<irq>
799         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
800                         be mounted
801                         Format: <1-256>
803         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
804                         should make use of
806         max_addr=[KMG]  [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
807                         equal to this physical address is ignored.
809         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
810                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
812         max_report_luns=
813                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
814                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
816         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
818         mcatest=        [IA-64]
820         mcd=            [HW,CD]
821                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
823         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
825         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
827         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
828                         See Documentation/md.txt.
830         mdacon=         [MDA]
831                         Format: <first>,<last>
832                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
834         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
835                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
836                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
837                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
838                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
839                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
841         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
842                         memory.
844         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
845                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
846                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
847                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
848                         option description.
850         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
851                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
852                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
854         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
855                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
856                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
858         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
859                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
860                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
862         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
863                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
865         mga=            [HW,DRM]
867         migration_cost=
868                         [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
869                         Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
870                         This debugging option can be used to override the
871                         default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
872                         are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
873                         E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
874                         box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
875                         1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
876                         and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
878                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
879                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
880                         development purposes, not production environments.
882         migration_debug=
883                         [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
884                         Format=<0|1|2>
885                         If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
886                         seems erroneous then this option can be used to
887                         increase verbosity of the detection process.
888                         We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
889                         some more information, and 2 will be really
890                         verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
891                         serial console attached to the system).
893         migration_factor=
894                         [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
895                         Format=<percent>
896                         This debug option can be used to proportionally
897                         increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
898                         costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
899                         E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
900                         costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
901                         eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
902                         migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
903                         by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
904                         migrate tasks)
906                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
907                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
908                         development purposes, not production environments.
910         mousedev.tap_time=
911                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
912                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
913                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
914                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
915                         Format: <msecs>
916         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
917                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
918         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
919                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
921         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
922                         Format: <io>,<irq>
924         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
925                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
927         MTD_Region=     [MTD] Format:
928                         <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
930         mtdparts=       [MTD]
931                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
933         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
934                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
935                         ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
937         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
939         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
940                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
942         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
944         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
946         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
948         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
950         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
952         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
953                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
954                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
955                         something different and driver-specific.
956                         This usage is only documented in each driver source
957                         file if at all.
959         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
960                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
962         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
963                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
965         nfs.callback_tcpport=
966                         [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
967                         channel should listen.
969         nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
970                         [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
971                         entries.
973         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
975         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
976                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
977                         is present.
979         noalign         [KNL,ARM]
981         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
982                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
984         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
985                         all devices.
987         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
988                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
990         nocache         [ARM]
992         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
994         noexec          [IA-64]
996         noexec          [IA-32,X86-64]
997                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
998                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1000         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32]
1002         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
1004         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1005                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1006                         use it.
1008         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1009                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1010                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1011                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1012                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
1013                         real-time systems.
1015         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1016                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1018         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1020         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1021                         initial RAM disk.
1023         nointroute      [IA-64]
1025         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1027         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1028                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1030         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1032         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1034         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1035                         space.
1037         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1038                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1039                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1041         nosbagart       [IA-64]
1043         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1045         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1047         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1049         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1051         nowb            [ARM]
1053         nr_uarts=       [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1055         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
1056                         Format: <io>
1058         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
1059                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1061         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS] Format:
1062                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1064         oprofile.timer= [HW]
1065                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1067         optcd=          [HW,CD]
1068                         Format: <io>
1070         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1071                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1072                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1074         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1075                         Format: <timeout>
1077         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1078                         connected to, default is 0.
1079                         Format: <parport#>
1080         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1081                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1082                         Format: <mode>
1084         parport=        [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1085                         Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1086                         Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1087                         IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1088                         ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1089                         possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1090                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1091                         should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1092                         settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1093                         (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1094                         Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1095                         are specified on the command line, starting
1096                         with parport0.
1098         parport_init_mode=      [HW,PPT]
1099                         Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1100                         a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1101                         computer where firmware has no options for setting
1102                         up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1103                         Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1104                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1106         pas2=           [HW,OSS] Format:
1107                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1109         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
1110                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1112         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
1114         pcd.            [PARIDE]
1115                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1116                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1118         pci=option[,option...]  [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1119                 off             [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1120                 bios            [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1121                                 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1122                                 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1123                 nobios          [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1124                                 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1125                                 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1126                                 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1127                 conf1           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1128                                 Mechanism 1.
1129                 conf2           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1130                                 Mechanism 2.
1131                 nosort          [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1132                                 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1133                                 done to get a device order compatible with
1134                                 older kernels.
1135                 biosirq         [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1136                                 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1137                                 on several machines and they hang the machine
1138                                 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1139                                 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1140                                 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1141                                 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1142                                 motherboard.
1143                 rom             [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1144                                 Use with caution as certain devices share
1145                                 address decoders between ROMs and other
1146                                 resources.
1147                 irqmask=0xMMMM  [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1148                                 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1149                                 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1150                                 this way.
1151                 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA        [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1152                                 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1153                                 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1154                                 F0000h-100000h range.
1155                 lastbus=N       [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1156                                 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1157                                 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1158                                 explicitly which ones they are.
1159                 assign-busses   [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1160                                 numbers ourselves, overriding
1161                                 whatever the firmware may have done.
1162                 usepirqmask     [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1163                                 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1164                                 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1165                                 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1166                                 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1167                                 IRQ routing is enabled.
1168                 noacpi          [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1169                                 or for PCI scanning.
1170                 routeirq        Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1171                                 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1172                                 so this option is a temporary workaround
1173                                 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1174                 firmware        [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1175                                 just use the configuration from the
1176                                 bootloader. This is currently used on
1177                                 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1178                                 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1180         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1182         pd.             [PARIDE]
1183                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1185         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1186                         boot time.
1187                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1188                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1190         pf.             [PARIDE]
1191                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1193         pg.             [PARIDE]
1194                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1196         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1197                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1199         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1200                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1201                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1203         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1204                         { off }
1206         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1207                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1209         pnp_reserve_irq=
1210                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1212         pnp_reserve_dma=
1213                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1215         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1216                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1218         pnp_reserve_mem=
1219                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1220                         autoconfiguration.
1221                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1223         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1224                         Format: [schedule,]<number>
1225                         Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1226                         Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1227                                 statistical time based profiling.
1229         processor.max_cstate=   [HW,ACPI]
1230                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1231                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1233         processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1234                         Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1235                         instead using the legacy FADT method
1237         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1238                         before loading.
1239                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1241         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1242                         probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1243         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1244                         per second.
1245         psmouse.resetafter=     [HW,MOUSE]
1246                         Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1247                         (0 = never).
1248         psmouse.resolution=
1249                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1250         psmouse.smartscroll=
1251                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1252                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1254         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1255                         Format:
1256                         <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1258         pt.             [PARIDE]
1259                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1261         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1263         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1265         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1266                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1268         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1269                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1271         ramdisk_blocksize=      [RAM]
1272                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1274         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1275                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1276                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1278         rdinit=         [KNL]
1279                         Format: <full_path>
1280                         Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1281                         used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1283         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1284                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1285                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1287         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1289         resume=         [SWSUSP]
1290                         Specify the partition device for software suspend
1292         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1293                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1295         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1296                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1298         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1300         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1302         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1303                         mount the root filesystem
1305         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1307         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1309         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1311         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1313         sa1100ir        [NET]
1314                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1316         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1317                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1319         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1321         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1322                         Format: <io>,<type>
1323                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1324                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1326         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1327                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1329         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1330                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1332         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1333                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1334                         Format: <integer>
1336         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1337                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1338                         (flags are integer value)
1340         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1342         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1343                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1344                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1345                         0 -- disable.
1346                         1 -- enable.
1347                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1348                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1349                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1351         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1353         sg_def_reserved_size=   [SCSI]
1355         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1356                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1358         shapers=        [NET]
1359                         Maximal number of shapers.
1361         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1362                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1364         simeth=         [IA-64]
1365         simscsi=
1367         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1368                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1369                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1371         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1373         smart2=         [HW]
1374                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1376         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1378         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1380         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1382         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1384         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1386         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1388         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1390         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1392         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1394         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1396         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1398         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1400         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1402         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1404         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1406         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1408         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1410         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1412         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1414         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1416         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1418         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1420         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1422         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1424         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1426         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1428         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1430         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1432         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1434         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1436         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1438         snd-interwave-stb=
1439                         [HW,ALSA]
1441         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1443         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1445         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1447         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1449         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1451         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1453         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1454                         [HW,ALSA]
1456         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1457                         [HW,ALSA]
1459         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1461         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1463         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1465         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1467         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1469         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1471         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1473         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1475         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1477         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1479         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1481         snd-sun-amd7930=
1482                         [HW,ALSA]
1484         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1486         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1488         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1490         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1492         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1494         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1496         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1498         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1499                         Format: <reverb>
1501         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1502                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1504         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1505                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1507         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1508                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1510         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1511         spia_fio_base=
1512         spia_pedr=
1513         spia_peddr=
1515         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1516                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1518         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1519                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1521         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1522                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1524         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1525                         Format: <num>
1526                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1527                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1528                         as the initial boot-console.
1529                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1531         sti_font=       [HW]
1532                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1534         stifb=          [HW]
1535                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1537         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1539         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1541         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1542                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1544         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1545                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1547         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1549         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1550                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1552         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1554         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1555                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1556                         (default 15).
1558         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1559                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1561         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1562                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1564         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1565                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1566                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1568         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1570         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1571                         Format:
1572                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1574         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1575         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1577         turbografx.map[2|3]=    [HW,JOY]
1578                         TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1579                         Format:
1580                         <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1581                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1583         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1584                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1586         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1587                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1589         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1590                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1592         usbhid.mousepoll=
1593                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1595         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1596                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1598         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1599                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1600                         Documentation/svga.txt.
1601                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1602                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1603                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1605         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1606                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1607                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1608                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1609                         mapped kernel RAM.
1611         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1613         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390]
1615         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1616                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1618         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1619                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1621         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1622                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1624         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1625                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1627         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1628         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1630         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1631                         Format:
1632                         <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1635 ______________________________________________________________________
1636 Changelog:
1638 2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1639         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1641 2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1642                 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1643         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1644         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1645         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1646         reformatting.
1648 2005-10-19      Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1649         Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1651 TODO:
1653         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1654         Add more DRM drivers.