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*java.lang.StrictMath* *StrictMath* The class StrictMath contains methods for pe

public final class StrictMath
  extends    |java.lang.Object|

|java.lang.StrictMath_Description|
|java.lang.StrictMath_Fields|
|java.lang.StrictMath_Constructors|
|java.lang.StrictMath_Methods|

================================================================================

*java.lang.StrictMath_Fields*
|double_java.lang.StrictMath.E|
|double_java.lang.StrictMath.PI|

*java.lang.StrictMath_Methods*
|java.lang.StrictMath.abs(double)|Returns the absolute value of a double value.
|java.lang.StrictMath.abs(float)|Returns the absolute value of a float value.
|java.lang.StrictMath.abs(int)|Returns the absolute value of an int value..
|java.lang.StrictMath.abs(long)|Returns the absolute value of a long value.
|java.lang.StrictMath.acos(double)|Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the r
|java.lang.StrictMath.asin(double)|Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the ran
|java.lang.StrictMath.atan(double)|Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the 
|java.lang.StrictMath.atan2(double,double)|Converts rectangular coordinates (x,
|java.lang.StrictMath.cbrt(double)|Returns the cube root of a double value.
|java.lang.StrictMath.ceil(double)|Returns the smallest (closest to negative in
|java.lang.StrictMath.cos(double)|Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.
|java.lang.StrictMath.cosh(double)|Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a double va
|java.lang.StrictMath.exp(double)|Returns Euler's number e raised to the power 
|java.lang.StrictMath.expm1(double)|Returns ex-1.
|java.lang.StrictMath.floor(double)|Returns the largest (closest to positive in
|java.lang.StrictMath.hypot(double,double)|Returns sqrt(x2+y2)  without interme
|java.lang.StrictMath.IEEEremainder(double,double)|Computes the remainder opera
|java.lang.StrictMath.log(double)|Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a d
|java.lang.StrictMath.log10(double)|Returns the base 10 logarithm of a double v
|java.lang.StrictMath.log1p(double)|Returns the natural logarithm of the sum of
|java.lang.StrictMath.max(double,double)|Returns the greater of two double valu
|java.lang.StrictMath.max(float,float)|Returns the greater of two float values.
|java.lang.StrictMath.max(int,int)|Returns the greater of two int values.
|java.lang.StrictMath.max(long,long)|Returns the greater of two long values.
|java.lang.StrictMath.min(double,double)|Returns the smaller of two double valu
|java.lang.StrictMath.min(float,float)|Returns the smaller of two float values.
|java.lang.StrictMath.min(int,int)|Returns the smaller of two int values.
|java.lang.StrictMath.min(long,long)|Returns the smaller of two long values.
|java.lang.StrictMath.pow(double,double)|Returns the value of the first argumen
|java.lang.StrictMath.random()|Returns a double value with a positive sign, gre
|java.lang.StrictMath.rint(double)|Returns the double value that is closest in 
|java.lang.StrictMath.round(double)|Returns the closest long to the argument.
|java.lang.StrictMath.round(float)|Returns the closest int to the argument.
|java.lang.StrictMath.signum(double)|Returns the signum function of the argumen
|java.lang.StrictMath.signum(float)|Returns the signum function of the argument
|java.lang.StrictMath.sin(double)|Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.
|java.lang.StrictMath.sinh(double)|Returns the hyperbolic sine of a double valu
|java.lang.StrictMath.sqrt(double)|Returns the correctly rounded positive squar
|java.lang.StrictMath.tan(double)|Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle
|java.lang.StrictMath.tanh(double)|Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a double v
|java.lang.StrictMath.toDegrees(double)|Converts an angle measured in radians t
|java.lang.StrictMath.toRadians(double)|Converts an angle measured in degrees t
|java.lang.StrictMath.ulp(double)|Returns the size of an ulp of the argument.
|java.lang.StrictMath.ulp(float)|Returns the size of an ulp of the argument.

*java.lang.StrictMath_Description*

The class StrictMath contains methods for performing basic numeric operations 
such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric 
functions. 

To help ensure portability of Java programs, the definitions of some of the 
numeric functions in this package require that they produce the same results as 
certain published algorithms. These algorithms are available from the 
well-known network library netlib as the package "Freely Distributable Math 
Library," fdlibm. These algorithms, which are written in the C programming 
language, are then to be understood as executed with all floating-point 
operations following the rules of Java floating-point arithmetic. 

The Java math library is defined with respect to fdlibm version 5.3. Where 
fdlibm provides more than one definition for a function (such as acos), use the 
"IEEE 754 core function" version (residing in a file whose name begins with the 
letter e). The methods which require fdlibm semantics are sin, cos, tan, asin, 
acos, atan, exp, log, log10, cbrt, atan2, pow, sinh, cosh, tanh, hypot, expm1, 
and log1p. 


*double_java.lang.StrictMath.E*

The class StrictMath contains methods for performing basic numeric operations 
such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric 
functions. 

To help ensure portability of Java programs, the definitions of some of the 
numeric functions in this package require that they produce the same results as 
certain published algorithms. These algorithms are available from the 
well-known network library netlib as the package "Freely Distributable Math 
Library," fdlibm. These algorithms, which are written in the C programming 
language, are then to be understood as executed with all floating-point 
operations following the rules of Java floating-point arithmetic. 

The Java math library is defined with respect to fdlibm version 5.3. Where 
fdlibm provides more than one definition for a function (such as acos), use the 
"IEEE 754 core function" version (residing in a file whose name begins with the 
letter e). The methods which require fdlibm semantics are sin, cos, tan, asin, 
acos, atan, exp, log, log10, cbrt, atan2, pow, sinh, cosh, tanh, hypot, expm1, 
and log1p. 


*double_java.lang.StrictMath.PI*

The class StrictMath contains methods for performing basic numeric operations 
such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric 
functions. 

To help ensure portability of Java programs, the definitions of some of the 
numeric functions in this package require that they produce the same results as 
certain published algorithms. These algorithms are available from the 
well-known network library netlib as the package "Freely Distributable Math 
Library," fdlibm. These algorithms, which are written in the C programming 
language, are then to be understood as executed with all floating-point 
operations following the rules of Java floating-point arithmetic. 

The Java math library is defined with respect to fdlibm version 5.3. Where 
fdlibm provides more than one definition for a function (such as acos), use the 
"IEEE 754 core function" version (residing in a file whose name begins with the 
letter e). The methods which require fdlibm semantics are sin, cos, tan, asin, 
acos, atan, exp, log, log10, cbrt, atan2, pow, sinh, cosh, tanh, hypot, expm1, 
and log1p. 



*java.lang.StrictMath.abs(double)*

public static double abs(double a)

Returns the absolute value of a double value. If the argument is not negative, 
the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the 
argument is returned. Special cases: If the argument is positive zero or 
negative zero, the result is positive zero. If the argument is infinite, the 
result is positive infinity. If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN. In 
other words, the result is the same as the value of the expression: 
Double.longBitsToDouble((Double.doubleToLongBits(a)<<1)>>>1) 

    a - the argument whose absolute value is to be determined 

    Returns: the absolute value of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.abs(float)*

public static float abs(float a)

Returns the absolute value of a float value. If the argument is not negative, 
the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the 
argument is returned. Special cases: If the argument is positive zero or 
negative zero, the result is positive zero. If the argument is infinite, the 
result is positive infinity. If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN. In 
other words, the result is the same as the value of the expression: 

Float.intBitsToFloat(0x7fffffff & Float.floatToIntBits(a)) 

    a - the argument whose absolute value is to be determined 

    Returns: the absolute value of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.abs(int)*

public static int abs(int a)

Returns the absolute value of an int value.. If the argument is not negative, 
the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the 
argument is returned. 

Note that if the argument is equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE, the most 
negative representable int value, the result is that same value, which is 
negative. 

    a - the argument whose absolute value is to be determined. 

    Returns: the absolute value of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.abs(long)*

public static long abs(long a)

Returns the absolute value of a long value. If the argument is not negative, 
the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the 
argument is returned. 

Note that if the argument is equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE, the most 
negative representable long value, the result is that same value, which is 
negative. 

    a - the argument whose absolute value is to be determined. 

    Returns: the absolute value of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.acos(double)*

public static native double acos(double a)

Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi. Special 
case: If the argument is NaN or its absolute value is greater than 1, then the 
result is NaN. 

    a - the value whose arc cosine is to be returned. 

    Returns: the arc cosine of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.asin(double)*

public static native double asin(double a)

Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2. Special 
cases: If the argument is NaN or its absolute value is greater than 1, then the 
result is NaN. If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same 
sign as the argument. 

    a - the value whose arc sine is to be returned. 

    Returns: the arc sine of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.atan(double)*

public static native double atan(double a)

Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2. 
Special cases: If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. If the argument 
is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument. 

    a - the value whose arc tangent is to be returned. 

    Returns: the arc tangent of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.atan2(double,double)*

public static native double atan2(
  double y,
  double x)

Converts rectangular coordinates (x,y) to polar (r,theta). This method computes 
the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of y/x in the range of -pi to pi. 
Special cases: If either argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. If the first 
argument is positive zero and the second argument is positive, or the first 
argument is positive and finite and the second argument is positive infinity, 
then the result is positive zero. If the first argument is negative zero and 
the second argument is positive, or the first argument is negative and finite 
and the second argument is positive infinity, then the result is negative zero. 
If the first argument is positive zero and the second argument is negative, or 
the first argument is positive and finite and the second argument is negative 
infinity, then the result is the double value closest to pi. If the first 
argument is negative zero and the second argument is negative, or the first 
argument is negative and finite and the second argument is negative infinity, 
then the result is the double value closest to -pi. If the first argument is 
positive and the second argument is positive zero or negative zero, or the 
first argument is positive infinity and the second argument is finite, then the 
result is the double value closest to pi/2. If the first argument is negative 
and the second argument is positive zero or negative zero, or the first 
argument is negative infinity and the second argument is finite, then the 
result is the double value closest to -pi/2. If both arguments are positive 
infinity, then the result is the double value closest to pi/4. If the first 
argument is positive infinity and the second argument is negative infinity, 
then the result is the double value closest to 3*pi/4. If the first argument is 
negative infinity and the second argument is positive infinity, then the result 
is the double value closest to -pi/4. If both arguments are negative infinity, 
then the result is the double value closest to -3*pi/4. 

    y - the ordinate coordinate 
    x - the abscissa coordinate 

    Returns: the theta component of the point (r,theta) in polar coordinates that 
             corresponds to the point (x,y) in Cartesian coordinates. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.cbrt(double)*

public static native double cbrt(double a)

Returns the cube root of a double value. For positive finite x, cbrt(-x) == 
-cbrt(x); that is, the cube root of a negative value is the negative of the 
cube root of that value's magnitude. Special cases: 



If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. 

If the argument is infinite, then the result is an infinity with the same sign 
as the argument. 

If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the 
argument. 



    a - a value. 

    Returns: the cube root of a. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.ceil(double)*

public static native double ceil(double a)

Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) double value that is 
greater than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. 
Special cases: If the argument value is already equal to a mathematical 
integer, then the result is the same as the argument. If the argument is NaN or 
an infinity or positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as 
the argument. If the argument value is less than zero but greater than -1.0, 
then the result is negative zero. Note that the value of StrictMath.ceil(x) is 
exactly the value of -StrictMath.floor(-x). 

    a - a value. 

    Returns: the smallest (closest to negative infinity) floating-point value that is 
             greater than or equal to the argument and is equal to a 
             mathematical integer. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.cos(double)*

public static native double cos(double a)

Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle. Special cases: If the argument is 
NaN or an infinity, then the result is NaN. 

    a - an angle, in radians. 

    Returns: the cosine of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.cosh(double)*

public static native double cosh(double x)

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a double value. The hyperbolic cosine of x is 
defined to be (ex+e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number(|java.lang.Math|) . 

Special cases: 

If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. 

If the argument is infinite, then the result is positive infinity. 

If the argument is zero, then the result is 1.0. 



    x - The number whose hyperbolic cosine is to be returned. 

    Returns: The hyperbolic cosine of x. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.exp(double)*

public static native double exp(double a)

Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of a double value. Special cases: 
If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN. If the argument is positive 
infinity, then the result is positive infinity. If the argument is negative 
infinity, then the result is positive zero. 

    a - the exponent to raise e to. 

    Returns: the value ea, where e is the base of the natural logarithms. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.expm1(double)*

public static native double expm1(double x)

Returns ex-1. Note that for values of x near 0, the exact sum of expm1(x)+1 is 
much closer to the true result of ex than exp(x). 

Special cases: 

If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN. 

If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity. 

If the argument is negative infinity, then the result is -1.0. 

If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the 
argument. 



    x - the exponent to raise e to in the computation of ex-1. 

    Returns: the value ex-1. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.floor(double)*

public static native double floor(double a)

Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) double value that is less 
than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. Special 
cases: If the argument value is already equal to a mathematical integer, then 
the result is the same as the argument. If the argument is NaN or an infinity 
or positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument. 

    a - a value. 

    Returns: the largest (closest to positive infinity) floating-point value that less than 
             or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.hypot(double,double)*

public static native double hypot(
  double x,
  double y)

Returns sqrt(x2+y2) without intermediate overflow or underflow. 

Special cases: 

If either argument is infinite, then the result is positive infinity. 

If either argument is NaN and neither argument is infinite, then the result is 
NaN. 



    x - a value 
    y - a value 

    Returns: sqrt(x2+y2) without intermediate overflow or underflow 
*java.lang.StrictMath.IEEEremainder(double,double)*

public static native double IEEEremainder(
  double f1,
  double f2)

Computes the remainder operation on two arguments as prescribed by the IEEE 754 
standard. The remainder value is mathematically equal to f1-f2n, where n is the 
mathematical integer closest to the exact mathematical value of the quotient 
f1/f2, and if two mathematical integers are equally close to f1/f2, then n is 
the integer that is even. If the remainder is zero, its sign is the same as the 
sign of the first argument. Special cases: If either argument is NaN, or the 
first argument is infinite, or the second argument is positive zero or negative 
zero, then the result is NaN. If the first argument is finite and the second 
argument is infinite, then the result is the same as the first argument. 

    f1 - the dividend. 
    f2 - the divisor. 

    Returns: the remainder when f1 is divided by f2. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.log(double)*

public static native double log(double a)

Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a double value. Special cases: If the 
argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result is NaN. If the argument is 
positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity. If the argument is 
positive zero or negative zero, then the result is negative infinity. 

    a - a value 

    Returns: the value lna, the natural logarithm of a. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.log10(double)*

public static native double log10(double a)

Returns the base 10 logarithm of a double value. Special cases: 

If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result is NaN. If the 
argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity. If the 
argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the result is negative 
infinity. If the argument is equal to 10n for integer n, then the result is n. 

    a - a value 

    Returns: the base 10 logarithm of a. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.log1p(double)*

public static native double log1p(double x)

Returns the natural logarithm of the sum of the argument and 1. Note that for 
small values x, the result of log1p(x) is much closer to the true result of 
ln(1 + x) than the floating-point evaluation of log(1.0+x). 

Special cases: 



If the argument is NaN or less than -1, then the result is NaN. 

If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity. 

If the argument is negative one, then the result is negative infinity. 

If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the 
argument. 



    x - a value 

    Returns: the value ln(x+1), the natural log of x+1 
*java.lang.StrictMath.max(double,double)*

public static double max(
  double a,
  double b)

Returns the greater of two double values. That is, the result is the argument 
closer to positive infinity. If the arguments have the same value, the result 
is that same value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the 
numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be 
strictly smaller than positive zero. If one argument is positive zero and the 
other negative zero, the result is positive zero. 

    a - an argument. 
    b - another argument. 

    Returns: the larger of a and b. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.max(float,float)*

public static float max(
  float a,
  float b)

Returns the greater of two float values. That is, the result is the argument 
closer to positive infinity. If the arguments have the same value, the result 
is that same value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the 
numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be 
strictly smaller than positive zero. If one argument is positive zero and the 
other negative zero, the result is positive zero. 

    a - an argument. 
    b - another argument. 

    Returns: the larger of a and b. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.max(int,int)*

public static int max(
  int a,
  int b)

Returns the greater of two int values. That is, the result is the argument 
closer to the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value, 
the result is that same value. 

    a - an argument. 
    b - another argument. 

    Returns: the larger of a and b. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.max(long,long)*

public static long max(
  long a,
  long b)

Returns the greater of two long values. That is, the result is the argument 
closer to the value of Long.MAX_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value, 
the result is that same value. 

    a - an argument. 
    b - another argument. 

    Returns: the larger of a and b. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.min(double,double)*

public static double min(
  double a,
  double b)

Returns the smaller of two double values. That is, the result is the value 
closer to negative infinity. If the arguments have the same value, the result 
is that same value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the 
numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be 
strictly smaller than positive zero. If one argument is positive zero and the 
other is negative zero, the result is negative zero. 

    a - an argument. 
    b - another argument. 

    Returns: the smaller of a and b. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.min(float,float)*

public static float min(
  float a,
  float b)

Returns the smaller of two float values. That is, the result is the value 
closer to negative infinity. If the arguments have the same value, the result 
is that same value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the 
numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be 
strictly smaller than positive zero. If one argument is positive zero and the 
other is negative zero, the result is negative zero. 

    a - an argument. 
    b - another argument. 

    Returns: the smaller of a and b. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.min(int,int)*

public static int min(
  int a,
  int b)

Returns the smaller of two int values. That is, the result the argument closer 
to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value, the 
result is that same value. 

    a - an argument. 
    b - another argument. 

    Returns: the smaller of a and b. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.min(long,long)*

public static long min(
  long a,
  long b)

Returns the smaller of two long values. That is, the result is the argument 
closer to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value, 
the result is that same value. 

    a - an argument. 
    b - another argument. 

    Returns: the smaller of a and b. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.pow(double,double)*

public static native double pow(
  double a,
  double b)

Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second 
argument. Special cases: 

If the second argument is positive or negative zero, then the result is 1.0. If 
the second argument is 1.0, then the result is the same as the first argument. 
If the second argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. If the first argument is 
NaN and the second argument is nonzero, then the result is NaN. 

If 

the absolute value of the first argument is greater than 1 and the second 
argument is positive infinity, or the absolute value of the first argument is 
less than 1 and the second argument is negative infinity, 

then the result is positive infinity. 

If 

the absolute value of the first argument is greater than 1 and the second 
argument is negative infinity, or the absolute value of the first argument is 
less than 1 and the second argument is positive infinity, 

then the result is positive zero. 

If the absolute value of the first argument equals 1 and the second argument is 
infinite, then the result is NaN. 

If 

the first argument is positive zero and the second argument is greater than 
zero, or the first argument is positive infinity and the second argument is 
less than zero, 

then the result is positive zero. 

If 

the first argument is positive zero and the second argument is less than zero, 
or the first argument is positive infinity and the second argument is greater 
than zero, 

then the result is positive infinity. 

If 

the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is greater than 
zero but not a finite odd integer, or the first argument is negative infinity 
and the second argument is less than zero but not a finite odd integer, 

then the result is positive zero. 

If 

the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is a positive 
finite odd integer, or the first argument is negative infinity and the second 
argument is a negative finite odd integer, 

then the result is negative zero. 

If 

the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is less than zero 
but not a finite odd integer, or the first argument is negative infinity and 
the second argument is greater than zero but not a finite odd integer, 

then the result is positive infinity. 

If 

the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is a negative 
finite odd integer, or the first argument is negative infinity and the second 
argument is a positive finite odd integer, 

then the result is negative infinity. 

If the first argument is finite and less than zero 

if the second argument is a finite even integer, the result is equal to the 
result of raising the absolute value of the first argument to the power of the 
second argument 

if the second argument is a finite odd integer, the result is equal to the 
negative of the result of raising the absolute value of the first argument to 
the power of the second argument 

if the second argument is finite and not an integer, then the result is NaN. 

If both arguments are integers, then the result is exactly equal to the 
mathematical result of raising the first argument to the power of the second 
argument if that result can in fact be represented exactly as a double value. 

(In the foregoing descriptions, a floating-point value is considered to be an 
integer if and only if it is finite and a fixed point of the method 
<tt>ceil</tt>(|java.lang.StrictMath|) or, equivalently, a fixed point of the 
method <tt>floor</tt>(|java.lang.StrictMath|) . A value is a fixed point of a 
one-argument method if and only if the result of applying the method to the 
value is equal to the value.) 

    a - 
    b - the exponent. 

    Returns: the value ab. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.random()*

public static double random()

Returns a double value with a positive sign, greater than or equal to 0.0 and 
less than 1.0. Returned values are chosen pseudorandomly with (approximately) 
uniform distribution from that range. 

When this method is first called, it creates a single new pseudorandom-number 
generator, exactly as if by the expression 

new java.util.Random This new pseudorandom-number generator is used thereafter 
for all calls to this method and is used nowhere else. 

This method is properly synchronized to allow correct use by more than one 
thread. However, if many threads need to generate pseudorandom numbers at a 
great rate, it may reduce contention for each thread to have its own 
pseudorandom number generator. 


    Returns: a pseudorandom double greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.rint(double)*

public static double rint(double a)

Returns the double value that is closest in value to the argument and is equal 
to a mathematical integer. If two double values that are mathematical integers 
are equally close to the value of the argument, the result is the integer value 
that is even. Special cases: If the argument value is already equal to a 
mathematical integer, then the result is the same as the argument. If the 
argument is NaN or an infinity or positive zero or negative zero, then the 
result is the same as the argument. 

    a - a value. 

    Returns: the closest floating-point value to a that is equal to a mathematical integer. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.round(double)*

public static long round(double a)

Returns the closest long to the argument. The result is rounded to an integer 
by adding 1/2, taking the floor of the result, and casting the result to type 
long. In other words, the result is equal to the value of the expression: 

(long)Math.floor(a + 0.5d) 

Special cases: If the argument is NaN, the result is 0. If the argument is 
negative infinity or any value less than or equal to the value of 
Long.MIN_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE. If the 
argument is positive infinity or any value greater than or equal to the value 
of Long.MAX_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Long.MAX_VALUE. 

    a - a floating-point value to be rounded to a long. 

    Returns: the value of the argument rounded to the nearest long value. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.round(float)*

public static int round(float a)

Returns the closest int to the argument. The result is rounded to an integer by 
adding 1/2, taking the floor of the result, and casting the result to type int. 
In other words, the result is equal to the value of the expression: 

(int)Math.floor(a + 0.5f) 

Special cases: If the argument is NaN, the result is 0. If the argument is 
negative infinity or any value less than or equal to the value of 
Integer.MIN_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE. If 
the argument is positive infinity or any value greater than or equal to the 
value of Integer.MAX_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of 
Integer.MAX_VALUE. 

    a - a floating-point value to be rounded to an integer. 

    Returns: the value of the argument rounded to the nearest int value. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.signum(double)*

public static double signum(double d)

Returns the signum function of the argument; zero if the argument is zero, 1.0 
if the argument is greater than zero, -1.0 if the argument is less than zero. 

Special Cases: 

If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. If the argument is positive 
zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument. 

    d - the floating-point value whose signum is to be returned 

    Returns: the signum function of the argument 
*java.lang.StrictMath.signum(float)*

public static float signum(float f)

Returns the signum function of the argument; zero if the argument is zero, 1.0f 
if the argument is greater than zero, -1.0f if the argument is less than zero. 

Special Cases: 

If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. If the argument is positive 
zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument. 

    f - the floating-point value whose signum is to be returned 

    Returns: the signum function of the argument 
*java.lang.StrictMath.sin(double)*

public static native double sin(double a)

Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle. Special cases: If the argument is 
NaN or an infinity, then the result is NaN. If the argument is zero, then the 
result is a zero with the same sign as the argument. 

    a - an angle, in radians. 

    Returns: the sine of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.sinh(double)*

public static native double sinh(double x)

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a double value. The hyperbolic sine of x is 
defined to be (ex-e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number(|java.lang.Math|) . 

Special cases: 

If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. 

If the argument is infinite, then the result is an infinity with the same sign 
as the argument. 

If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the 
argument. 



    x - The number whose hyperbolic sine is to be returned. 

    Returns: The hyperbolic sine of x. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.sqrt(double)*

public static native double sqrt(double a)

Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of a double value. Special 
cases: If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result is NaN. If the 
argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity. If the 
argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the 
argument. Otherwise, the result is the double value closest to the true 
mathematical square root of the argument value. 

    a - a value. 

    Returns: the positive square root of a. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.tan(double)*

public static native double tan(double a)

Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle. Special cases: If the argument 
is NaN or an infinity, then the result is NaN. If the argument is zero, then 
the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument. 

    a - an angle, in radians. 

    Returns: the tangent of the argument. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.tanh(double)*

public static native double tanh(double x)

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a double value. The hyperbolic tangent of x 
is defined to be (ex-e-x)/(ex+e-x), in other words, 
sinh(<i>x</i>)(|java.lang.Math|) / cosh(<i>x</i>)(|java.lang.Math|) . Note that 
the absolute value of the exact tanh is always less than 1. 

Special cases: 

If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. 

If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the 
argument. 

If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is +1.0. 

If the argument is negative infinity, then the result is -1.0. 



    x - The number whose hyperbolic tangent is to be returned. 

    Returns: The hyperbolic tangent of x. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.toDegrees(double)*

public static double toDegrees(double angrad)

Converts an angle measured in radians to an approximately equivalent angle 
measured in degrees. The conversion from radians to degrees is generally 
inexact; users should not expect cos(toRadians(90.0)) to exactly equal 0.0. 

    angrad - an angle, in radians 

    Returns: the measurement of the angle angrad in degrees. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.toRadians(double)*

public static double toRadians(double angdeg)

Converts an angle measured in degrees to an approximately equivalent angle 
measured in radians. The conversion from degrees to radians is generally 
inexact. 

    angdeg - an angle, in degrees 

    Returns: the measurement of the angle angdeg in radians. 
*java.lang.StrictMath.ulp(double)*

public static double ulp(double d)

Returns the size of an ulp of the argument. An ulp of a double value is the 
positive distance between this floating-point value and the double value next 
larger in magnitude. Note that for non-NaN x, ulp(-x) == ulp(x). 

Special Cases: 

If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. If the argument is positive or 
negative infinity, then the result is positive infinity. If the argument is 
positive or negative zero, then the result is Double.MIN_VALUE. If the argument 
is Double.MAX_VALUE, then the result is equal to 2971. 

    d - the floating-point value whose ulp is to be returned 

    Returns: the size of an ulp of the argument 
*java.lang.StrictMath.ulp(float)*

public static float ulp(float f)

Returns the size of an ulp of the argument. An ulp of a float value is the 
positive distance between this floating-point value and the float value next 
larger in magnitude. Note that for non-NaN x, ulp(-x) == ulp(x). 

Special Cases: 

If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN. If the argument is positive or 
negative infinity, then the result is positive infinity. If the argument is 
positive or negative zero, then the result is Float.MIN_VALUE. If the argument 
is Float.MAX_VALUE, then the result is equal to 2104. 

    f - the floating-point value whose ulp is to be returned 

    Returns: the size of an ulp of the argument