1 VDEv2.0 : Virtual Distributed Ethernet.
3 (c) 2003/2004/2005 Renzo Davoli
4 Long long time ago based on uml-router Copyright 2002 Yon Uriarte and Jeff Dike
5 qemu-vde-HOWTO is (c) by Jim Brown
7 Components of the VDE architecture:
8 - VDE switches: virtual counterpart of ethernet switches.
9 - VDE cables: virtual counterpart of a crossed-cable used to connect two switches.
12 - switch management both from console and from a "unix socket terminal"
13 - VLAN 801.1q *almost* compatible
14 - FSTP (fast spanning tree) already incomplete and currently not tested for 802.1d/w/s
15 compatibility. under development. (vde_switch must be compiled with the FSTP flag on)
18 - All units connected to the VDE see each other as they were on a real ethernet.
19 - A real Linux box can be connected to the VDE using a tap interface (TUNTAP)
20 (packets can be further routed using standard linux methods).
21 - It is possible to join two VDE switches -- also running on different
22 real conputers -- using virtual VDE cables
23 - UML (user-mode-linux) virtual machines can be connected to the VDE
24 - MPS (MIPS emulated machines (c) Morsiani/Davoli) can be connected
28 - With VDE it is possible to create a virtual network of UML machines running
29 on several real computer
30 - VDE can be used to create tunnels (even crossing masquerated networks)
31 - VDE can provide mobility support. Changing a VDE cable with another does not
32 affect the communications in place. The new VDE cable can use a completely
33 different path on the real net. VDE supports also multiple concurrent VDE cables
34 between a pair of VDE-switches during the hand-off. This eliminates when possible
35 hich-ups of communications due to hand-offs.
37 HOWTO and basic command syntax (for a complete explanation RTM):
39 vde-switch [ -unix control-socket ] [ -tap tuntap-device ] [ -hub ] [-daemon]
40 This command creates a VDE switch.
42 The control socket is the socket used for local processes to create a new
43 connection. The default value is /tmp/vde.ctl.
44 User-mode-linux default value is /tmp/uml.ctl, so if you want to use vde
45 with UML you can: (1) use "-unix /tmp/uml.ctl" for vde-switch (2) use
46 "eth0=daemon,,/tmp/vde.ctl" for UML
48 the vde-switch is connected to the specified tap interface.
49 Ususally it is reserved for root as /dev/net/tun is not writable.
50 (It is dangerous to have /dev/net/tun writable by ordinary users).
52 the vde-switch works as a hub (all packets are broadcast on all interfaces.
54 the switch works as a daemon: it runs in background, it uses syslog
57 vde-plug [-p port] [socketname]
58 A vde-cable is composed by two vde-plug and a "cable". A vde-plug connects its
59 standard input and output to a switch.
60 socketname is the control-socket of the switch the plug must be connected to
61 (default value /tmp/vde.ctl).
62 -p port. To use a specific port of the switch. The first available port is
63 assaigned when not specified. It is possibl eto connect several cables to the
64 same prot: Cables connected to the same port represent several path
65 for the same destination.
67 dpipe cmd1 [arg1] = cmd2 [arg2]
68 it is the double pipe command (it is here just becouse it is not provided by
70 cmd1 and cmd2 are executed, the stdout of cmd1 if pipe connected to the stdin of
71 cmd2 and viceversa. (the symbol = is intended as a pair of communication pipes
72 between the two processes.
77 # vde_switch -tap tap0 -mod 777 -daemon
78 # ifconfig tap0 192.168.0.254
80 if you want to have routing to the Internet you can use standard routing
81 commands on the host machine e.g.:
82 # echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
83 # iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
86 # echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/forwarding
89 radvd must be configured to broadcast the correct prefix for the tap0 subnet
91 ----- example of /etc/radvd.conf file
95 MaxRtrAdvInterval 120;
96 #put here your prefix.
97 prefix 1111:2222:3333:4444::/64
105 ------ end of example
107 - (2) SETUP A SECOND DAEMON
108 (no need for root access)
110 % vde_switch /tmp/my.ctl
112 (add - daemon if you want to run it in background)
114 - (3) CONNECT TWO LOCAL SWITCHES TOGETHER
116 % dpipe vde_plug = vde_plug /tmp/my.ctl
118 % dpipe vde_plug /tmp/my.ctl = vde_plug
121 connects the vde_switch with ctl socket /tmp/vde.ctl with the other using
124 - (3) CONNECT TWO REMOTE SWITCHES TOGETHER
126 You need a tool to interconnect stdin stdout of two remote processes.
129 % dpipe vde_plug /tmp/my.ctl = ssh remote_machine vde_plug
131 connects the vde_switch with ctl socket /tmp/vde.ctl on the remote_machine
132 with the local switch using /tmp/my.ctl.
134 It is possible to use other tools in place of ssh like netcat.
135 In this latter case the communication is not secure.
137 - (4) CREATION OF TUNNELS.
138 (it needs kernel support for policy routing)
140 Setup two daemon as described in (1).
141 In this example 192.168.0.1 is the tap0 address on the server side.
142 Route the traffic to the Internet on the tunnel server side.
144 On the tunnel client side:
145 - in the example 100.200.201.202 is the IP address on eth0
146 and 100.200.201.254 is the default gateway.
147 - create a specific rule for the eth0 routing
148 ip rule add from 100.200.201.202 table eth0-table
149 (please note that eth0-table must be listed in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables)
150 ip route del default via 100.200.201.254
151 ip route add default via 100.200.201.254 table eth0-table
152 the previous default route will be the def. route just for the
153 packets originated with the eth0 inteface address.
154 - connect the two vde-switch together:
155 dpipe vde-plug = ssh -b 100.200.201.202 server-machine vde-plug
156 - setup an appropriate IP address for tap0 interface (or get it by dhcp
157 if set up on server side). (e.g. 192.168.0.10)
158 - use tap0 as the default interface:
159 ip route add default via 192.168.0.1
161 - (5) SUPPORT FOR MOBILITY
163 Create a tunnel like in 4 using a group number on the vde-cable:
164 dpipe vde-plug -g 1 = ssh -b 100.200.201.202 server-machine vde-plug -g 1
166 Create a second tunnel (say on ppp0 addr. 100.100.101.102 gateway 100.100.101.254)
167 # ip rule add from 100.100.101.102 table ppp0-table
168 # ip route add default via 100.100.101.254 table ppp0-table
170 Connect the a second cable using the same group number:
171 # dpipe vde-plug -g 1 = ssh -b 100.100.101.102 server-machine vde-plug -g 1
172 Disconnect the first cable (kill the processes of the first cable)
174 All the traffic get rerouted on the new vde-cable (thus to another path
175 on the rel network. Connections in place are unaffected by the change.
176 Several cables of the same group can be in place during the handoff phase
177 but note that this ends up in duplicated packets that can slow down
180 Please note also that the vde-switches do not manage (yet) the minimum spanning
181 tree protocol thus a loop in the topology can lead to inconsistent MAC forward
182 tables and to network saturation.
184 Copyright 2003/2004/2005 Renzo Davoli
186 Thanks to Marco Giordani, Leonardo Macchia for their useful help for debugging.
187 Imported code by Danny Gasparovsky, Fabrice Ballard.
188 Code organization, bugfixes, autotool support Mattia Belletti.