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6 .TH HSEARCH 3C "Dec 29, 1996"
8 hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy \- manage hash search tables
14 \fBENTRY *\fR\fBhsearch\fR(\fBENTRY\fR \fIitem\fR, \fBACTION\fR \fIaction\fR);
19 \fBint\fR \fBhcreate\fR(\fBsize_t\fR \fImekments\fR);
24 \fBvoid\fR \fBhdestroy\fR(\fBvoid\fR);
30 The \fBhsearch()\fR function is a hash-table search routine generalized from
31 Knuth (6.4) Algorithm D. It returns a pointer into a hash table indicating the
32 location at which an entry can be found. The comparison function used by
33 \fBhsearch()\fR is \fBstrcmp()\fR (see \fBstring\fR(3C)). The \fIitem\fR
34 argument is a structure of type \fBENTRY\fR (defined in the \fB<search.h>\fR
35 header) containing two pointers: \fBitem.key\fR points to the comparison key,
36 and \fBitem.data\fR points to any other data to be associated with that key.
37 (Pointers to types other than void should be cast to pointer-to-void.) The
38 \fIaction\fR argument is a member of an enumeration type \fBACTION\fR (defined
39 in \fB<search.h>\fR) indicating the disposition of the entry if it cannot be
40 found in the table. \fBENTER\fR indicates that the item should be inserted in
41 the table at an appropriate point. Given a duplicate of an existing item, the
42 new item is not entered and \fBhsearch()\fR returns a pointer to the existing
43 item. \fBFIND\fR indicates that no entry should be made. Unsuccessful
44 resolution is indicated by the return of a null pointer.
47 The \fBhcreate()\fR function allocates sufficient space for the table, and must
48 be called before \fBhsearch()\fR is used. The \fInel\fR argument is an
49 estimate of the maximum number of entries that the table will contain. This
50 number may be adjusted upward by the algorithm in order to obtain certain
51 mathematically favorable circumstances.
54 The \fBhdestroy()\fR function destroys the search table, and may be followed by
55 another call to \fBhcreate()\fR.
59 The \fBhsearch()\fR function returns a null pointer if either the action is
60 \fBFIND\fR and the item could not be found or the action is \fBENTER\fR and the
64 The \fBhcreate()\fR function returns \fB0\fR if it cannot allocate sufficient
69 The \fBhsearch()\fR and \fBhcreate()\fR functions use \fBmalloc\fR(3C) to
73 Only one hash search table may be active at any given time.
76 \fBExample 1 \fRExample to read in strings.
79 The following example will read in strings followed by two numbers and store
80 them in a hash table, discarding duplicates. It will then read in strings and
81 find the matching entry in the hash table and print it.
91 struct info { /* this is the info stored in table */
92 int age, room; /* other than the key */
94 #define NUM_EMPL 5000 /* # of elements in search table */
97 /* space to store strings */
98 char string_space[NUM_EMPL*20];
99 /* space to store employee info */
100 struct info info_space[NUM_EMPL];
101 /* next avail space in string_space */
102 char *str_ptr = string_space;
103 /* next avail space in info_space */
104 struct info *info_ptr = info_space;
105 ENTRY item, *found_item;
106 /* name to look for in table */
107 char name_to_find[30];
111 (void) hcreate(NUM_EMPL);
112 while (scanf("%s%d%d", str_ptr, &info_ptr\(mi>age,
113 &info_ptr\(mi>room) != EOF && i++ < NUM_EMPL) {
114 /* put info in structure, and structure in item */
116 item.data = (void *)info_ptr;
117 str_ptr += strlen(str_ptr) + 1;
119 /* put item into table */
120 (void) hsearch(item, ENTER);
124 item.key = name_to_find;
125 while (scanf("%s", item.key) != EOF) {
126 if ((found_item = hsearch(item, FIND)) != NULL) {
127 /* if item is in the table */
128 (void)printf("found %s, age = %d, room = %d\en",
130 ((struct info *)found_item\(mi>data)\(mi>age,
131 ((struct info *)found_item\(mi>data)\(mi>room);
133 (void)printf("no such employee %s\en",
145 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
153 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
155 Interface Stability Standard
163 \fBbsearch\fR(3C), \fBlsearch\fR(3C), \fBmalloc\fR(3C), \fBstring\fR(3C),
164 \fBtsearch\fR(3C), \fBmalloc\fR(3MALLOC), \fBattributes\fR(5),
168 \fIThe Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3, Sorting and Searching by Donald
169 E. Knuth, published by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1973.\fR