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47 .TH CUT 1 "Apr 29, 1999"
48 .SH NAME
49 cut \- cut out selected fields of each line of a file
50 .SH SYNOPSIS
51 .LP
52 .nf
53 \fBcut\fR \fB-b\fR \fIlist\fR [\fB-n\fR] [\fIfile\fR]...
54 .fi
56 .LP
57 .nf
58 \fBcut\fR \fB-c\fR \fIlist\fR [\fIfile\fR]...
59 .fi
61 .LP
62 .nf
63 \fBcut\fR \fB-f\fR \fIlist\fR [\fB-d\fR \fIdelim\fR] [\fB-s\fR] [\fIfile\fR]...
64 .fi
66 .SH DESCRIPTION
67 .sp
68 .LP
69 Use the \fBcut\fR utility to cut out columns from a table or fields from each
70 line of a file; in data base parlance, it implements the projection of a
71 relation. The fields as specified by \fIlist\fR can be fixed length, that is,
72 character positions as on a punched card (\fB-c\fR option) or the length can
73 vary from line to line and be marked with a field delimiter character like TAB
74 (\fB-f\fR option). \fBcut\fR can be used as a filter.
75 .sp
76 .LP
77 Either the \fB-b\fR, \fB-c\fR, or \fB-f\fR option must be specified.
78 .sp
79 .LP
80 Use \fBgrep\fR(1) to make horizontal ``cuts'' (by context) through a file, or
81 \fBpaste\fR(1) to put files together column-wise (that is, horizontally). To
82 reorder columns in a table, use \fBcut\fR and \fBpaste\fR.
83 .SH OPTIONS
84 .sp
85 .LP
86 The following options are supported:
87 .sp
88 .ne 2
89 .na
90 \fB\fIlist\fR \fR
91 .ad
92 .RS 13n
93 A comma-separated or blank-character-separated list of integer field numbers
94 (in increasing order), with optional \fB\(mi\fR to indicate ranges (for
95 instance, \fB1,4,7\fR; \fB1\(mi3,8\fR; \fB\(mi5,10\fR (short for
96 \fB1\(mi5,10\fR); or \fB3\(mi\fR (short for third through last field)).
97 .RE
99 .sp
100 .ne 2
101 .na
102 \fB\fB\fR\fB-b\fR \fIlist\fR \fR
103 .ad
104 .RS 13n
105 The \fIlist\fR following \fB-b\fR specifies byte positions (for instance,
106 \fB-b1\fR\fB-72\fR would pass the first 72 bytes of each line). When \fB-b\fR
107 and \fB-n\fR are used together, \fIlist\fR is adjusted so that no multi-byte
108 character is split.
109 .RE
111 .sp
112 .ne 2
113 .na
114 \fB\fB\fR\fB-c\fR \fIlist\fR \fR
115 .ad
116 .RS 13n
117 The \fIlist\fR following \fB-c\fR specifies character positions (for instance,
118 \fB-c1\fR\fB-72\fR would pass the first 72 characters of each line).
119 .RE
121 .sp
122 .ne 2
123 .na
124 \fB\fB\fR\fB-d\fR \fIdelim\fR \fR
125 .ad
126 .RS 13n
127 The character following \fB-d\fR is the field delimiter (\fB-f\fR option only).
128 Default is \fItab\fR. Space or other characters with special meaning to the
129 shell must be quoted. \fIdelim\fR can be a multi-byte character.
130 .RE
132 .sp
133 .ne 2
134 .na
135 \fB\fB\fR\fB-f\fR \fIlist\fR \fR
136 .ad
137 .RS 13n
138 The \fIlist\fR following \fB-f\fR is a list of fields assumed to be separated
139 in the file by a delimiter character (see \fB-d\fR ); for instance,
140 \fB-f1\fR\fB,7\fR copies the first and seventh field only. Lines with no field
141 delimiters will be passed through intact (useful for table subheadings), unless
142 \fB-s\fR is specified.
143 .RE
145 .sp
146 .ne 2
147 .na
148 \fB\fB-n\fR \fR
149 .ad
150 .RS 13n
151 Do not split characters. When \fB-b\fR \fIlist\fR and \fB-n\fR are used
152 together, \fIlist\fR is adjusted so that no multi-byte character is split.
153 .RE
155 .sp
156 .ne 2
157 .na
158 \fB\fB-s\fR \fR
159 .ad
160 .RS 13n
161 Suppresses lines with no delimiter characters in case of \fB-f\fR option.
162 Unless specified, lines with no delimiters will be passed through untouched.
163 .RE
165 .SH OPERANDS
166 .sp
167 .LP
168 The following operands are supported:
169 .sp
170 .ne 2
171 .na
172 \fB\fIfile\fR \fR
173 .ad
174 .RS 9n
175 A path name of an input file. If no \fIfile\fR operands are specified, or if a
176 \fIfile\fR operand is \fB\(mi\fR, the standard input will be used.
177 .RE
179 .SH EXAMPLES
180 .LP
181 \fBExample 1 \fRMapping user IDs
182 .sp
183 .LP
184 A mapping of user \fBIDs\fR to names follows:
186 .sp
187 .in +2
188 .nf
189 example% \fBcut -d: -f1,5 /etc/passwd\fR
190 .fi
191 .in -2
192 .sp
194 .LP
195 \fBExample 2 \fRSetting current login name
196 .sp
197 .LP
198 To set \fBname\fR to current login name:
200 .sp
201 .in +2
202 .nf
203 example$ \fBname=\(gawho am i | cut -f1 -d' '\(ga\fR
204 .fi
205 .in -2
206 .sp
208 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
209 .sp
210 .LP
211 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
212 that affect the execution of \fBcut\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR,
213 \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
214 .SH EXIT STATUS
215 .sp
216 .LP
217 The following exit values are returned:
218 .sp
219 .ne 2
220 .na
221 \fB\fB0\fR \fR
222 .ad
223 .RS 7n
224 All input files were output successfully.
225 .RE
227 .sp
228 .ne 2
229 .na
230 \fB\fB>0\fR \fR
231 .ad
232 .RS 7n
233 An error occurred.
234 .RE
236 .SH ATTRIBUTES
237 .sp
238 .LP
239 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
240 .sp
242 .sp
243 .TS
244 box;
245 c | c
246 l | l .
247 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
248 _
249 CSI Enabled
250 _
251 Interface Stability Standard
252 .TE
254 .SH SEE ALSO
255 .sp
256 .LP
257 \fBgrep\fR(1), \fBpaste\fR(1), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5),
258 \fBstandards\fR(5)
259 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
260 .sp
261 .ne 2
262 .na
263 \fB\fBcut: \fR\fB-n\fR\fB may only be used with \fR\fB-b\fR \fR
264 .ad
265 .sp .6
266 .RS 4n
268 .RE
270 .sp
271 .ne 2
272 .na
273 \fB\fBcut: \fR\fB-d\fR\fB may only be used with \fR\fB-f\fR \fR
274 .ad
275 .sp .6
276 .RS 4n
278 .RE
280 .sp
281 .ne 2
282 .na
283 \fB\fBcut: \fR\fB-s\fR\fB may only be used with \fR\fB-f\fR \fR
284 .ad
285 .sp .6
286 .RS 4n
288 .RE
290 .sp
291 .ne 2
292 .na
293 \fB\fBcut: cannot open \fR\fI<file>\fR \fR
294 .ad
295 .sp .6
296 .RS 4n
297 Either \fIfile\fR cannot be read or does not exist. If multiple files are
298 present, processing continues.
299 .RE
301 .sp
302 .ne 2
303 .na
304 \fB\fBcut: no delimiter specified\fR \fR
305 .ad
306 .sp .6
307 .RS 4n
308 Missing \fIdelim\fR on \fB-d\fR option.
309 .RE
311 .sp
312 .ne 2
313 .na
314 \fB\fBcut: invalid delimiter\fR \fR
315 .ad
316 .sp .6
317 .RS 4n
319 .RE
321 .sp
322 .ne 2
323 .na
324 \fB\fBcut: no \fIlist\fR\fR\fB specified\fR \fR
325 .ad
326 .sp .6
327 .RS 4n
328 Missing \fIlist\fR on \fB-b\fR, \fB-c\fR, or \fB-f\fR option.
329 .RE
331 .sp
332 .ne 2
333 .na
334 \fB\fBcut: invalid range specifier\fR \fR
335 .ad
336 .sp .6
337 .RS 4n
339 .RE
341 .sp
342 .ne 2
343 .na
344 \fB\fBcut: too many ranges specified\fR \fR
345 .ad
346 .sp .6
347 .RS 4n
349 .RE
351 .sp
352 .ne 2
353 .na
354 \fB\fBcut: range must be increasing\fR \fR
355 .ad
356 .sp .6
357 .RS 4n
359 .RE
361 .sp
362 .ne 2
363 .na
364 \fB\fBcut: invalid character in range\fR \fR
365 .ad
366 .sp .6
367 .RS 4n
369 .RE
371 .sp
372 .ne 2
373 .na
374 \fB\fBcut: internal error processing input\fR \fR
375 .ad
376 .sp .6
377 .RS 4n
379 .RE
381 .sp
382 .ne 2
383 .na
384 \fB\fBcut: invalid multibyte character\fR \fR
385 .ad
386 .sp .6
387 .RS 4n
389 .RE
391 .sp
392 .ne 2
393 .na
394 \fB\fBcut: unable to allocate enough memory\fR \fR
395 .ad
396 .sp .6
397 .RS 4n
399 .RE