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12 .TH DU 1 "March 14, 2017"
13 .SH NAME
14 du \- summarize disk usage
15 .SH SYNOPSIS
16 .LP
17 .nf
18 \fB/usr/bin/du\fR [\fB-Adorx\fR] [\fB-a\fR | \fB-s\fR] [\fB-h\fR | \fB-k\fR | \fB-m\fR] [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR]
19 [\fIfile\fR ...]
20 .fi
22 .LP
23 .nf
24 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/du\fR [\fB-Adorx\fR] [\fB-a\fR | \fB-s\fR] [\fB-h\fR | \fB-k\fR | \fB-m\fR] [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR]
25 [\fIfile\fR ...]
26 .fi
28 .SH DESCRIPTION
29 .LP
30 The \fBdu\fR utility writes to standard output the size of the file space
31 allocated to, and the size of the file space allocated to each subdirectory of,
32 the file hierarchy rooted in each of the specified files. The size of the file
33 space allocated to a file of type directory is defined as the sum total of
34 space allocated to all files in the file hierarchy rooted in the directory plus
35 the space allocated to the directory itself. This sum will include the space
36 allocated to any extended attributes encountered.
37 .LP
38 Files with multiple links will be counted and written for only one entry. The
39 directory entry that is selected in the report is unspecified. By default, file
40 sizes are written in 512-byte units, rounded up to the next 512-byte unit.
41 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/du"
42 .LP
43 When \fBdu\fR cannot obtain file attributes or read directories (see
44 \fBstat\fR(2)), it will report an error condition and the final exit status
45 will be affected.
46 .SH OPTIONS
47 .LP
48 The following options are supported for \fB/usr/bin/du\fR and
49 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/du\fR:
50 .sp
51 .ne 2
52 .na
53 \fB\fB-a\fR\fR
54 .ad
55 .RS 6n
56 In addition to the default output, report the size of each file not of type
57 directory in the file hierarchy rooted in the specified file. Regardless of the
58 presence of the \fB-a\fR option, non-directories given as \fIfile\fR operands
59 will always be listed.
60 .RE
62 .sp
63 .ne 2
64 .na
65 \fB\fB-A\fR\fR
66 .ad
67 .RS 6n
68 Tally file size using the apparent size of the file instead of the disk blocks
69 it occupies. This option is useful when operating on file systems which employ
70 compression or in the presence of sparse files.
71 .RE
73 .sp
74 .ne 2
75 .na
76 \fB\fB-d\fR\fR
77 .ad
78 .RS 6n
79 Do not cross filesystem boundaries. For example, the command, \fBdu -d /\fR
80 reports usage only on the root partition.
81 .RE
83 .sp
84 .ne 2
85 .na
86 \fB\fB-h\fR\fR
87 .ad
88 .RS 6n
89 All sizes are scaled to a human readable format, for example, \fB14K\fR,
90 \fB234M\fR, \fB2.7G\fR, or \fB3.0T\fR. Scaling is done by repetitively dividing
91 by \fB1024\fR.
92 .RE
94 .sp
95 .ne 2
96 .na
97 \fB\fB-H\fR\fR
98 .ad
99 .RS 6n
100 If a symbolic link to a directory is specified on the command line, process the
101 symbolic link by using the directory which the symbolic link references, rather
102 than the link itself.
103 .RE
105 .sp
106 .ne 2
107 .na
108 \fB\fB-k\fR\fR
109 .ad
110 .RS 6n
111 Write the files sizes in units of 1024 bytes, rather than the default 512-byte
112 units.
113 .RE
115 .sp
116 .ne 2
117 .na
118 \fB\fB-L\fR\fR
119 .ad
120 .RS 6n
121 Process symbolic links by using the file or directory which the symbolic link
122 references, rather than the link itself.
123 .RE
125 .sp
126 .ne 2
127 .na
128 \fB\fB-m\fR\fR
129 .ad
130 .RS 6n
131 Write the files sizes in units of megabytes, rather than the default 512-byte
132 units.
133 .RE
135 .sp
136 .ne 2
137 .na
138 \fB\fB-o\fR\fR
139 .ad
140 .RS 6n
141 Do not add child directories' usage to a parent's total. Without this option,
142 the usage listed for a particular directory is the space taken by the files in
143 that directory, as well as the files in all directories beneath it. This option
144 does nothing if \fB-s\fR is used.
145 .RE
147 .sp
148 .ne 2
149 .na
150 \fB\fB-r\fR\fR
151 .ad
152 .RS 6n
153 Generate diagnostic messages about unreadable directories and files whose
154 status cannot be obtained. /usr/bin/du is silent if these conditions arise and
155 \fB-r\fR is not specified. \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/du\fR acts as though \fB-r\fR is
156 always specified.
157 .RE
159 .sp
160 .ne 2
161 .na
162 \fB\fB-s\fR\fR
163 .ad
164 .RS 6n
165 Instead of the default output, report only the total sum for each of the
166 specified files.
167 .RE
169 .sp
170 .ne 2
171 .na
172 \fB\fB-x\fR\fR
173 .ad
174 .RS 6n
175 When evaluating file sizes, evaluate only those files that have the same device
176 as the file specified by the file operand.
177 .RE
179 .sp
180 .LP
181 Specifying more than one of the options in the mutually exclusive pair,
182 \fB-H\fR and \fB-L\fR, is not considered an error. The last option specified
183 determines the output format.
184 .sp
185 .LP
186 Specifying more than one of the options in the mutually exclusive set of
187 options \fB-h\fR, \fB-k\fR, and \fB-m\fR is not considered an error. The last
188 option specified determines the output format.
189 .SH OPERANDS
190 .LP
191 The following operand is supported:
192 .sp
193 .ne 2
194 .na
195 \fB\fIfile\fR\fR
196 .ad
197 .RS 8n
198 The path name of a file whose size is to be written. If no \fIfile\fR is
199 specified, the current directory is used.
200 .RE
201 .SH OUTPUT
202 .LP
203 The output from \fBdu\fR consists of the amount of the space allocated to a
204 file and the name of the file.
205 .SH USAGE
206 .LP
207 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBdu\fR when
208 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes).
209 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
210 .LP
211 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
212 that affect the execution of \fBdu\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR,
213 \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
214 .SH EXIT STATUS
215 .LP
216 The following exit values are returned:
217 .sp
218 .ne 2
219 .na
220 \fB\fB0\fR\fR
221 .ad
222 .RS 6n
223 Successful completion.
224 .RE
225 .sp
226 .ne 2
227 .na
228 \fB\fB>0\fR\fI\fR\fR
229 .ad
230 .RS 6n
231 An error occurred.
232 .RE
233 .SH ATTRIBUTES
234 .LP
235 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
236 .SS "/usr/bin/du"
238 .TS
239 box;
240 c | c
241 l | l .
242 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
243 _
244 CSI Enabled
245 _
246 Interface Stability Stable
247 .TE
249 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/du"
251 .TS
252 box;
253 c | c
254 l | l .
255 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
256 _
257 CSI Enabled
258 _
259 Interface Stability Standard
260 .TE
262 .SH SEE ALSO
263 .LP
264 \fBls\fR(1), \fBstat\fR(2), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5),
265 \fBfsattr\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)
266 .LP
267 \fISystem Administration Guide: Basic Administration\fR
268 .SH NOTES
269 .LP
270 A file with two or more links is counted only once. If, however, there are
271 links between files in different directories where the directories are on
272 separate branches of the file system hierarchy, \fBdu\fR will count the excess
273 files more than once.
274 .LP
275 Files containing holes will result in an incorrect block count. In this case,
276 one may use the \fB-A\fR option to report file sizes by their apparent size
277 instead.