| blob | b0f7df6b2698ce76b5af83fe3c784aa486fe72d6 |
1 '\" te
2 .\" Copyright 1989 AT&T
3 .\" Copyright (c) 2008, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved
4 .\" Copyright 2011 Nexenta Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
5 .\" Copyright (c) 2013 Andrew Stormont. All rights reserved.
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37 .TH FIND 1 "Oct 25, 2017"
38 .SH NAME
39 find \- find files
40 .SH SYNOPSIS
41 .LP
42 .nf
43 \fB/usr/bin/find\fR [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR] \fIpath\fR... \fIexpression\fR
44 .fi
46 .SH DESCRIPTION
47 .sp
48 .LP
49 The \fBfind\fR utility recursively descends the directory hierarchy for each
50 \fIpath\fR seeking files that match a Boolean \fIexpression\fR written in the
51 primaries specified below.
52 .sp
53 .LP
54 \fBfind\fR is able to descend to arbitrary depths in a file hierarchy and does
55 not fail due to path length limitations (unless a \fIpath\fR operand specified
56 by the application exceeds \fIPATH_MAX\fR requirements).
57 .sp
58 .LP
59 \fBfind\fR detects infinite loops; that is, entering a previously visited
60 directory that is an ancestor of the last file encountered.
61 .SH OPTIONS
62 .sp
63 .LP
64 The following options are supported:
65 .sp
66 .ne 2
67 .na
68 \fB\fB-E\fR\fR
69 .ad
70 .RS 6n
71 Interpret regular expressions followed by \fB-regex\fR and \fB-iregex\fR
72 primaries as extended regular expressions.
73 .RE
75 .sp
76 .ne 2
77 .na
78 \fB\fB-H\fR\fR
79 .ad
80 .RS 6n
81 Causes the file information and file type evaluated for each symbolic link
82 encountered on the command line to be those of the file referenced by the link,
83 and not the link itself. If the referenced file does not exist, the file
84 information and type is for the link itself. File information for all symbolic
85 links not on the command line is that of the link itself.
86 .RE
88 .sp
89 .ne 2
90 .na
91 \fB\fB-L\fR\fR
92 .ad
93 .RS 6n
94 Causes the file information and file type evaluated for each symbolic link to
95 be those of the file referenced by the link, and not the link itself. See
96 \fBNOTES\fR.
97 .RE
99 .sp
100 .LP
101 Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options \fB-H\fR and
102 \fB-L\fR is not considered an error. The last option specified determines the
103 behavior of the utility.
104 .SH OPERANDS
105 .sp
106 .LP
107 The following operands are supported:
108 .sp
109 .ne 2
110 .na
111 \fB\fIpath\fR\fR
112 .ad
113 .RS 14n
114 A pathname of a starting point in the directory hierarchy.
115 .RE
117 .sp
118 .ne 2
119 .na
120 \fB\fIexpression\fR\fR
121 .ad
122 .RS 14n
123 The first argument that starts with a \fB\(mi\fR, or is a \fB!\fR or a \fB(\fR,
124 and all subsequent arguments are interpreted as an \fIexpression\fR made up of
125 the following primaries and operators. In the descriptions, wherever \fIn\fR is
126 used as a primary argument, it is interpreted as a decimal integer optionally
127 preceded by a plus (\fB+\fR) or minus (\fB\(mi\fR) sign, as follows:
128 .sp
129 .ne 2
130 .na
131 \fB+\fIn\fR\fR
132 .ad
133 .RS 6n
134 more than \fIn\fR
135 .RE
137 .sp
138 .ne 2
139 .na
140 \fB\fIn\fR\fR
141 .ad
142 .RS 6n
143 exactly \fIn\fR
144 .RE
146 .sp
147 .ne 2
148 .na
149 \fB-\fIn\fR\fR
150 .ad
151 .RS 6n
152 less than \fIn\fR
153 .RE
155 .RE
157 .SS "Expressions"
158 .sp
159 .LP
160 Valid expressions are:
161 .sp
162 .ne 2
163 .na
164 \fB\fB-acl\fR\fR
165 .ad
166 .RS 17n
167 True if the file have additional ACLs defined.
168 .RE
170 .sp
171 .ne 2
172 .na
173 \fB\fB-amin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
174 .ad
175 .RS 17n
176 File was last accessed \fIn\fR minutes ago.
177 .RE
179 .sp
180 .ne 2
181 .na
182 \fB\fB-atime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
183 .ad
184 .RS 17n
185 True if the file was accessed \fIn\fR days ago. The access time of directories
186 in \fIpath\fR is changed by \fBfind\fR itself.
187 .RE
189 .sp
190 .ne 2
191 .na
192 \fB\fB-cmin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
193 .ad
194 .RS 17n
195 File's status was last changed \fIn\fR minutes ago.
196 .RE
198 .sp
199 .ne 2
200 .na
201 \fB\fB-cpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
202 .ad
203 .RS 17n
204 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR format
205 (5120-byte records).
206 .RE
208 .sp
209 .ne 2
210 .na
211 \fB\fB-ctime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
212 .ad
213 .RS 17n
214 True if the file's status was changed \fIn\fR days ago.
215 .RE
217 .sp
218 .ne 2
219 .na
220 \fB\fB-depth\fR\fR
221 .ad
222 .RS 17n
223 Always true. Causes descent of the directory hierarchy to be done so that all
224 entries in a directory are acted on before the directory itself. This can be
225 useful when \fBfind\fR is used with \fBcpio\fR(1) to transfer files that are
226 contained in directories without write permission.
227 .RE
229 .sp
230 .ne 2
231 .na
232 \fB\fB-exec\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
233 .ad
234 .RS 17n
235 True if the executed command returns a zero value as exit status. The end of
236 command must be punctuated by an escaped semicolon (\fB;\fR). A command
237 argument \fB{}\fR is replaced by the current pathname. If the last argument to
238 \fB-exec\fR is \fB{}\fR and you specify \fB+\fR rather than the semicolon
239 (\fB;\fR), the command is invoked fewer times, with \fB{}\fR replaced by groups
240 of pathnames. If any invocation of the command returns a non-zero value as exit
241 status, find returns a non-zero exit status.
242 .RE
244 .sp
245 .ne 2
246 .na
247 \fB\fB-follow\fR\fR
248 .ad
249 .RS 17n
250 Always true and always evaluated no matter where it appears in
251 \fIexpression\fR. The behavior is unspecified if \fB-follow\fR is used when the
252 \fBfind\fR command is invoked with either the \fB-H\fR or the \fB-L\fR option.
253 Causes symbolic links to be followed. When following symbolic links, \fBfind\fR
254 keeps track of the directories visited so that it can detect infinite loops.
255 For example, such a loop would occur if a symbolic link pointed to an ancestor.
256 This expression should not be used with the find-type \fBl\fR expression. See
257 \fBNOTES\fR.
258 .RE
260 .sp
261 .ne 2
262 .na
263 \fB\fB-fstype\fR \fItype\fR\fR
264 .ad
265 .RS 17n
266 True if the filesystem to which the file belongs is of type \fItype\fR.
267 .RE
269 .sp
270 .ne 2
271 .na
272 \fB\fB-group\fR \fIgname\fR\fR
273 .ad
274 .RS 17n
275 True if the file belongs to the group \fIgname\fR. If \fIgname\fR is numeric
276 and there's no such group name, it is taken as a group \fBID\fR.
277 .RE
279 .sp
280 .ne 2
281 .na
282 \fB\fB-groupacl\fR \fIgname\fR\fR
283 .ad
284 .RS 17n
285 True if the file's ACL contains an entry for the group \fIgname\fR.
286 If \fIgname\fR is numeric and there's no such group name, it is taken
287 as a group \fBID\fR.
288 .RE
290 .sp
291 .ne 2
292 .na
293 \fB\fB-iname\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
294 .ad
295 .RS 17n
296 Like \fB-name\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
297 .RE
299 .sp
300 .ne 2
301 .na
302 \fB\fB-inum\fR \fIn\fR\fR
303 .ad
304 .RS 17n
305 True if the file has inode number \fIn\fR.
306 .RE
308 .sp
309 .ne 2
310 .na
311 \fB\fB-ipath\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
312 .ad
313 .RS 17n
314 Like \fB-path\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
315 .RE
317 .sp
318 .ne 2
319 .na
320 \fB\fB-iregex\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
321 .ad
322 .RS 17n
323 Like \fB-regex\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
324 .RE
326 .sp
327 .ne 2
328 .na
329 \fB\fB-links\fR \fIn\fR\fR
330 .ad
331 .RS 17n
332 True if the file has \fIn\fR links.
333 .RE
335 .sp
336 .ne 2
337 .na
338 \fB\fB-local\fR\fR
339 .ad
340 .RS 17n
341 True if the file system type is not a remote file system type as defined in the
342 \fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR file. \fBnfs\fR is used as the default remote filesystem
343 type if the \fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR file is not present. The \fB-local\fR option
344 descends the hierarchy of non-local directories. See \fBEXAMPLES\fR for an
345 example of how to search for local files without descending.
346 .RE
348 .sp
349 .ne 2
350 .na
351 \fB\fB-ls\fR\fR
352 .ad
353 .RS 17n
354 Always true. Prints current pathname together with its associated statistics.
355 These include (respectively):
356 .RS +4
357 .TP
358 .ie t \(bu
359 .el o
360 inode number
361 .RE
362 .RS +4
363 .TP
364 .ie t \(bu
365 .el o
366 size in kilobytes (1024 bytes)
367 .RE
368 .RS +4
369 .TP
370 .ie t \(bu
371 .el o
372 protection mode
373 .RE
374 .RS +4
375 .TP
376 .ie t \(bu
377 .el o
378 number of hard links
379 .RE
380 .RS +4
381 .TP
382 .ie t \(bu
383 .el o
384 user
385 .RE
386 .RS +4
387 .TP
388 .ie t \(bu
389 .el o
390 group
391 .RE
392 .RS +4
393 .TP
394 .ie t \(bu
395 .el o
396 size in bytes
397 .RE
398 .RS +4
399 .TP
400 .ie t \(bu
401 .el o
402 modification time.
403 .RE
404 If the file is a special file, the size field instead contains the major and
405 minor device numbers.
406 .sp
407 If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file is printed
408 preceded by `\fB\(->\fR\&'. The format is identical to that of \fBls\fR
409 \fB-gilds\fR (see \fBls\fR(1B)).
410 .sp
411 Formatting is done internally, without executing the \fBls\fR program.
412 .RE
414 .sp
415 .ne 2
416 .na
417 \fB\fB-maxdepth\fR \fIn\fR\fR
418 .ad
419 .RS 17n
420 Always true; descend at most \fIn\fR directory levels below the command
421 line arguments. If any \fB-maxdepth\fR primary is specified, it
422 applies to the entire expression even if it would not normally be
423 evaluated. \fB-maxdepth 0\fR limits the whole search to
424 the command line arguments.
425 .RE
427 .sp
428 .ne 2
429 .na
430 \fB\fB-mindepth\fR \fIn\fR\fR
431 .ad
432 .RS 17n
433 Always true; do not apply any tests or actions at levels less
434 than \fIn\fR. If any \fB-mindepth\fR primary is specified, it applies to the
435 entire expression even if it would not normally be evaluated.
436 \fB-mindepth 1\fR processes all but the command line arguments.
437 .RE
439 .sp
440 .ne 2
441 .na
442 \fB\fB-mmin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
443 .ad
444 .RS 17n
445 File's data was last modified \fIn\fR minutes ago.
446 .RE
448 .sp
449 .ne 2
450 .na
451 \fB\fB-mount\fR\fR
452 .ad
453 .RS 17n
454 Always true. Restricts the search to the file system containing the directory
455 specified. Does not list mount points to other file systems.
456 .RE
458 .sp
459 .ne 2
460 .na
461 \fB\fB-mtime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
462 .ad
463 .RS 17n
464 True if the file's data was modified \fIn\fR days ago.
465 .RE
467 .sp
468 .ne 2
469 .na
470 \fB\fB-name\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
471 .ad
472 .RS 17n
473 True if \fIpattern\fR matches the basename of the current file name. Normal
474 shell file name generation characters (see \fBsh\fR(1)) can be used. A
475 backslash (\fB\|\e\|\fR) is used as an escape character within the pattern. The
476 pattern should be escaped or quoted when \fBfind\fR is invoked from the shell.
477 .sp
478 Wildcard file name generation characters can match file
479 names beginning with '\fB\&.\fR'.
480 .RE
482 .sp
483 .ne 2
484 .na
485 \fB\fB-ncpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
486 .ad
487 .RS 17n
488 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR \fB-c\fR
489 format (5120 byte records).
490 .RE
492 .sp
493 .ne 2
494 .na
495 \fB\fB-newer\fR \fIfile\fR\fR
496 .ad
497 .RS 17n
498 True if the current file has been modified more recently than the argument
499 \fIfile\fR.
500 .RE
502 .sp
503 .ne 2
504 .na
505 \fB\fB-nogroup\fR\fR
506 .ad
507 .RS 17n
508 True if the file belongs to non-existing group.
509 .RE
511 .sp
512 .ne 2
513 .na
514 \fB\fB-nouser\fR\fR
515 .ad
516 .RS 17n
517 True if the file belongs to non-existing user.
518 .RE
520 .sp
521 .ne 2
522 .na
523 \fB\fB-ok\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
524 .ad
525 .RS 17n
526 Like \fB-exec\fR, except that the generated command line is printed with a
527 question mark first, and is executed only if the response is affirmative.
528 .RE
530 .sp
531 .ne 2
532 .na
533 \fB\fB-path\fR\fR
534 .ad
535 .RS 17n
536 Like \fB-name\fR, but matches the entire file path and not just basename.
537 .RE
539 .sp
540 .ne 2
541 .na
542 \fB\fB-perm\fR [\fB-\fR]\fImode\fR\fR
543 .ad
544 .RS 17n
545 The \fImode\fR argument is used to represent file mode bits. It is identical in
546 format to the symbolic mode operand, \fIsymbolic_mode_list\fR, described in
547 \fBchmod\fR(1), and is interpreted as follows. To start, a template is assumed
548 with all file mode bits cleared. An \fIop\fR symbol of:
549 .sp
550 .ne 2
551 .na
552 \fB\fB+\fR\fR
553 .ad
554 .RS 8n
555 Set the appropriate mode bits in the template
556 .RE
558 .sp
559 .ne 2
560 .na
561 \fB\fB\(mi\fR\fR
562 .ad
563 .RS 8n
564 Clear the appropriate bits
565 .RE
567 .sp
568 .ne 2
569 .na
570 \fB\fB=\fR\fR
571 .ad
572 .RS 8n
573 Set the appropriate mode bits, without regard to the contents of the file mode
574 creation mask of the process
575 .RE
577 The \fIop\fR symbol of \fB\(mi\fR cannot be the first character of \fImode\fR,
578 to avoid ambiguity with the optional leading hyphen. Since the initial mode is
579 all bits off, there are no symbolic modes that need to use \fB\(mi\fR as the
580 first character.
581 .sp
582 If the hyphen is omitted, the primary evaluates as true when the file
583 permission bits exactly match the value of the resulting template.
584 .sp
585 Otherwise, if \fImode\fR is prefixed by a hyphen, the primary evaluates as true
586 if at least all the bits in the resulting template are set in the file
587 permission bits.
588 .RE
590 .sp
591 .ne 2
592 .na
593 \fB\fB-perm\fR [\fB-\fR]\fIonum\fR\fR
594 .ad
595 .RS 17n
596 True if the file permission flags exactly match the octal number \fIonum\fR
597 (see \fBchmod\fR(1)). If \fIonum\fR is prefixed by a minus sign (\fB\(mi\fR),
598 only the bits that are set in \fIonum\fR are compared with the file permission
599 flags, and the expression evaluates true if they match.
600 .RE
602 .sp
603 .ne 2
604 .na
605 \fB\fB-print\fR\fR
606 .ad
607 .RS 17n
608 Always true. Causes the current pathname to be printed.
609 .RE
611 .sp
612 .ne 2
613 .na
614 \fB\fB-print0\fR\fR
615 .ad
616 .RS 17n
617 Always true. Causes the current pathname to be printed, terminated by an ASCII
618 NUL character (character code 0) instead of a newline.
619 .RE
621 .sp
622 .ne 2
623 .na
624 \fB\fB-prune\fR\fR
625 .ad
626 .RS 17n
627 Always yields true. Does not examine any directories or files in the directory
628 structure below the \fIpattern\fR just matched. (See EXAMPLES). If \fB-depth\fR
629 is specified, \fB-prune\fR has no effect.
630 .RE
632 .sp
633 .ne 2
634 .na
635 \fB\fB-regex\fR \fIpattern\fR\fB
636 .ad
637 .RS 17n
638 True if the full path of the file matches \fIpattern\fR using regular
639 expressions.
640 .RE
642 .sp
643 .ne 2
644 .na
645 \fB\fB-size\fR \fIn\fR[\fBc\fR]\fR
646 .ad
647 .RS 17n
648 True if the file is \fIn\fR blocks long (512 bytes per block). If \fIn\fR is
649 followed by a \fBc\fR, the size is in bytes.
650 .RE
652 .sp
653 .ne 2
654 .na
655 \fB\fB-type\fR \fIc\fR\fR
656 .ad
657 .RS 17n
658 True if the type of the file is \fIc\fR, where \fIc\fR is \fBb\fR, \fBc\fR,
659 \fBd\fR, \fBD\fR, \fBf\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBp\fR, or \fBs\fR for block special file,
660 character special file, directory, door, plain file, symbolic link, fifo (named
661 pipe), or socket, respectively.
662 .RE
664 .sp
665 .ne 2
666 .na
667 \fB\fB-user\fR \fIuname\fR\fR
668 .ad
669 .RS 17n
670 True if the file belongs to the user \fIuname\fR. If \fIuname\fR is numeric and
671 there's no such user name, it is taken as a user \fBID\fR.
672 .RE
674 .sp
675 .ne 2
676 .na
677 \fB\fB-useracl\fR \fIuname\fR\fR
678 .ad
679 .RS 17n
680 True if the file's ACL contains an entry for the user \fIuname\fR.
681 If \fIuname\fR is numeric and there's no such user name, it is
682 taken as a user \fBID\fR.
683 .RE
685 .sp
686 .ne 2
687 .na
688 \fB\fB-xdev\fR\fR
689 .ad
690 .RS 17n
691 Same as the \fB-mount\fR primary.
692 .RE
694 .sp
695 .ne 2
696 .na
697 \fB\fB-xattr\fR\fR
698 .ad
699 .RS 17n
700 True if the file has extended attributes.
701 .RE
703 .SS "Complex Expressions"
704 .sp
705 .LP
706 The primaries can be combined using the following operators (in order of
707 decreasing precedence):
708 .sp
709 .ne 2
710 .na
711 \fB1)\fB(\fR\fIexpression\fR\fB)\fR\fR
712 .ad
713 .sp .6
714 .RS 4n
715 True if the parenthesized expression is true (parentheses are special to the
716 shell and must be escaped).
717 .RE
719 .sp
720 .ne 2
721 .na
722 \fB2)\fB!\fR\fIexpression\fR\fR
723 .ad
724 .sp .6
725 .RS 4n
726 The negation of a primary (\fB!\fR is the unary \fInot\fR operator).
727 .RE
729 .sp
730 .ne 2
731 .na
732 \fB3) \fIexpression\fR\fB[\fR\fB-a\fR\fB]\fR \fIexpression\fR\fR
733 .ad
734 .sp .6
735 .RS 4n
736 Concatenation of primaries (the \fIand\fR operation is implied by the
737 juxtaposition of two primaries).
738 .RE
740 .sp
741 .ne 2
742 .na
743 \fB4) \fIexpression\fR\fB\fR\fB-o\fR\fIexpression\fR\fR
744 .ad
745 .sp .6
746 .RS 4n
747 Alternation of primaries (\fB-o\fR is the \fIor\fR operator).
748 .RE
750 .sp
751 .LP
752 When you use \fBfind\fR in conjunction with \fBcpio\fR, if you use the \fB-L\fR
753 option with \fBcpio\fR, you must use the \fB-L\fR option or the \fB-follow\fR
754 primitive with \fBfind\fR and vice versa. Otherwise the results are
755 unspecified.
756 .sp
757 .LP
758 If no \fIexpression\fR is present, \fB-print\fR is used as the expression.
759 Otherwise, if the specified expression does not contain any of the primaries
760 \fB-exec\fR, \fB-ok\fR, \fB-ls\fR, or \fB-print\fR, the specified expression is
761 effectively replaced by:
762 .sp
763 .LP
764 (\fIspecified\fR) \fB-print\fR
765 .sp
766 .LP
767 The \fB-user\fR, \fB-group\fR, and \fB-newer\fR primaries each evaluate their
768 respective arguments only once. Invocation of \fIcommand\fR specified by
769 \fB-exec\fR or \fB-ok\fR does not affect subsequent primaries on the same file.
770 .SH USAGE
771 .sp
772 .LP
773 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBfind\fR when
774 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte (2^31 bytes).
775 .SH EXAMPLES
776 .LP
777 \fBExample 1 \fRWriting Out the Hierarchy Directory
778 .sp
779 .LP
780 The following commands are equivalent:
782 .sp
783 .in +2
784 .nf
785 example% \fBfind .\fR
786 example% \fBfind . -print\fR
787 .fi
788 .in -2
789 .sp
791 .sp
792 .LP
793 They both write out the entire directory hierarchy from the current directory.
795 .LP
796 \fBExample 2 \fRRemoving Files
797 .sp
798 .LP
799 The following comand removes all files in your home directory named \fBa.out\fR
800 or \fB*.o\fR that have not been accessed for a week:
802 .sp
803 .in +2
804 .nf
805 example% \fBfind $HOME \e( -name a.out -o -name '*.o' \e) \e
806 -atime +7 -exec rm {} \e;\fR
807 .fi
808 .in -2
809 .sp
811 .LP
812 \fBExample 3 \fRPrinting All File Names But Skipping SCCS Directories
813 .sp
814 .LP
815 The following command recursively print all file names in the current directory
816 and below, but skipping \fBSCCS\fR directories:
818 .sp
819 .in +2
820 .nf
821 example% \fBfind . -name SCCS -prune -o -print\fR
822 .fi
823 .in -2
824 .sp
826 .LP
827 \fBExample 4 \fRPrinting all file names and the SCCS directory name
828 .sp
829 .LP
830 Recursively print all file names in the current directory and below, skipping
831 the contents of \fBSCCS\fR directories, but printing out the \fBSCCS\fR
832 directory name:
834 .sp
835 .in +2
836 .nf
837 example% \fBfind . -print -name SCCS -prune\fR
838 .fi
839 .in -2
840 .sp
842 .LP
843 \fBExample 5 \fRTesting for the Newer File
844 .sp
845 .LP
846 The following command is basically equivalent to the \fB-nt\fR extension to
847 \fBtest\fR(1):
849 .sp
850 .in +2
851 .nf
852 example$ \fBif [ -n "$(find
853 file1 -prune -newer file2)" ]; then
855 printf %s\e\en "file1 is newer than file2"\fR
856 .fi
857 .in -2
858 .sp
860 .LP
861 \fBExample 6 \fRSelecting a File Using 24-hour Mode
862 .sp
863 .LP
864 The descriptions of \fB-atime\fR, \fB-ctime\fR, and \fB-mtime\fR use the
865 terminology \fIn\fR ``24-hour periods''. For example, a file accessed at 23:59
866 is selected by:
868 .sp
869 .in +2
870 .nf
871 example% \fBfind . -atime -1 -print\fR
872 .fi
873 .in -2
874 .sp
876 .sp
877 .LP
878 at 00:01 the next day (less than 24 hours later, not more than one day ago).
879 The midnight boundary between days has no effect on the 24-hour calculation.
881 .LP
882 \fBExample 7 \fRPrinting Files Matching a User's Permission Mode
883 .sp
884 .LP
885 The following command recursively print all file names whose permission mode
886 exactly matches read, write, and execute access for user, and read and execute
887 access for group and other:
889 .sp
890 .in +2
891 .nf
892 example% \fBfind . -perm u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx\fR
893 .fi
894 .in -2
895 .sp
897 .sp
898 .LP
899 The above could alternatively be specified as follows:
901 .sp
902 .in +2
903 .nf
904 example% \fBfind . -perm a=rwx,g-w,o-w\fR
905 .fi
906 .in -2
907 .sp
909 .LP
910 \fBExample 8 \fRPrinting Files with Write Access for \fBother\fR
911 .sp
912 .LP
913 The following command recursively print all file names whose permission
914 includes, but is not limited to, write access for other:
916 .sp
917 .in +2
918 .nf
919 example% \fBfind . -perm -o+w\fR
920 .fi
921 .in -2
922 .sp
924 .LP
925 \fBExample 9 \fRPrinting Local Files without Descending Non-local Directories
926 .sp
927 .in +2
928 .nf
929 example% \fBfind . ! -local -prune -o -print\fR
930 .fi
931 .in -2
932 .sp
934 .LP
935 \fBExample 10 \fRPrinting the Files in the Name Space Possessing Extended
936 Attributes
937 .sp
938 .in +2
939 .nf
940 example% \fBfind . -xattr\fR
941 .fi
942 .in -2
943 .sp
945 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
946 .sp
947 .LP
948 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
949 that affect the execution of \fBfind\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR,
950 \fBLC_COLLATE\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
951 .sp
952 .ne 2
953 .na
954 \fB\fBPATH\fR\fR
955 .ad
956 .RS 8n
957 Determine the location of the \fIutility_name\fR for the \fB-exec\fR and
958 \fB-ok\fR primaries.
959 .RE
961 .sp
962 .LP
963 Affirmative responses are processed using the extended regular expression
964 defined for the \fByesexpr\fR keyword in the \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR category of the
965 user's locale. The locale specified in the \fBLC_COLLATE\fR category defines
966 the behavior of ranges, equivalence classes, and multi-character collating
967 elements used in the expression defined for \fByesexpr\fR. The locale specified
968 in \fBLC_CTYPE\fR determines the locale for interpretation of sequences of
969 bytes of text data a characters, the behavior of character classes used in the
970 expression defined for the \fByesexpr\fR. See \fBlocale\fR(5).
971 .SH EXIT STATUS
972 .sp
973 .LP
974 The following exit values are returned:
975 .sp
976 .ne 2
977 .na
978 \fB\fB0\fR\fR
979 .ad
980 .RS 6n
981 All \fIpath\fR operands were traversed successfully.
982 .RE
984 .sp
985 .ne 2
986 .na
987 \fB\fB>0\fR\fR
988 .ad
989 .RS 6n
990 An error occurred.
991 .RE
993 .SH FILES
994 .sp
995 .ne 2
996 .na
997 \fB\fB/etc/passwd\fR\fR
998 .ad
999 .RS 20n
1000 Password file
1001 .RE
1003 .sp
1004 .ne 2
1005 .na
1006 \fB\fB/etc/group\fR\fR
1007 .ad
1008 .RS 20n
1009 Group file
1010 .RE
1012 .sp
1013 .ne 2
1014 .na
1015 \fB\fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR\fR
1016 .ad
1017 .RS 20n
1018 File that registers distributed file system packages
1019 .RE
1021 .SH ATTRIBUTES
1022 .sp
1023 .LP
1024 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
1025 .sp
1027 .sp
1028 .TS
1029 box;
1030 c | c
1031 l | l .
1032 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
1033 _
1034 CSI Enabled
1035 _
1036 Interface Stability Committed
1037 _
1038 Standard See \fBstandards\fR(5).
1039 .TE
1041 .SH SEE ALSO
1042 .sp
1043 .LP
1044 \fBchmod\fR(1), \fBcpio\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1), \fBtest\fR(1), \fBls\fR(1B),
1045 \fBacl\fR(5), \fBregex\fR(5), \fBstat\fR(2), \fBumask\fR(2),
1046 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBfsattr\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5),
1047 \fBlocale\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)
1048 .SH WARNINGS
1049 .sp
1050 .LP
1051 The following options are obsolete and will not be supported in future
1052 releases:
1053 .sp
1054 .ne 2
1055 .na
1056 \fB\fB-cpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
1057 .ad
1058 .RS 17n
1059 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR format
1060 (5120-byte records).
1061 .RE
1063 .sp
1064 .ne 2
1065 .na
1066 \fB\fB-ncpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
1067 .ad
1068 .RS 17n
1069 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR \fB-c\fR
1070 format (5120-byte records).
1071 .RE
1073 .SH NOTES
1074 .sp
1075 .LP
1076 When using \fBfind\fR to determine files modified within a range of time, use
1077 the \fB-mtime\fR argument \fBbefore\fR the \fB-print\fR argument. Otherwise,
1078 \fBfind\fR gives all files.
1079 .sp
1080 .LP
1081 Some files that might be under the Solaris root file system are actually mount
1082 points for virtual file systems, such as \fBmntfs\fR or \fBnamefs\fR. When
1083 comparing against a \fBufs\fR file system, such files are not selected if
1084 \fB-mount\fR or \fB-xdev\fR is specified in the \fBfind\fR expression.
1085 .sp
1086 .LP
1087 Using the \fB-L\fR or \fB-follow\fR option is not recommended when descending a
1088 file-system hierarchy that is under the control of other users. In particular,
1089 when using \fB-exec\fR, symbolic links can lead the \fBfind\fR command out of
1090 the hierarchy in which it started. Using \fB-type\fR is not sufficient to
1091 restrict the type of files on which the \fB-exec\fR command operates, because
1092 there is an inherent race condition between the type-check performed by the
1093 \fBfind\fR command and the time the executed command operates on the file
1094 argument.