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12 .TH POPEN 3C "Dec 14, 2006"
14 popen, pclose \- initiate a pipe to or from a process
20 \fBFILE *\fR\fBpopen\fR(\fBconst char *\fR\fIcommand\fR, \fBconst char *\fR\fImode\fR);
25 \fBint\fR \fBpclose\fR(\fBFILE *\fR\fIstream\fR);
31 The \fBpopen()\fR function creates a pipe between the calling program and the
32 command to be executed. The arguments to \fBpopen()\fR are pointers to
33 null-terminated strings. The \fIcommand\fR argument consists of a shell
34 command line. The \fImode\fR argument is an I/O mode, either \fBr\fR for
35 reading or \fIw\fR for writing. The value returned is a stream pointer such
36 that one can write to the standard input of the command, if the I/O mode is
37 \fIw\fR, by writing to the file \fIstream\fR (see \fBIntro\fR(3)); and one can
38 read from the standard output of the command, if the I/O mode is \fBr\fR, by
39 reading from the file \fIstream\fR. Because open files are shared, a type
40 \fBr\fR command may be used as an input filter and a type \fIw\fR as an output
41 filter. A trailing \fBF\fR character can also be included in the \fImode\fR
42 argument as described in \fBfopen\fR(3C) to enable extended FILE facility.
45 The environment of the executed command will be as if a child process were
46 created within the \fBpopen()\fR call using \fBfork\fR(2). The child is
47 created as if invoked with the call:
50 \fBexecl("/usr/bin/sh", "sh", "\fR\fB-c\fR\fB", \fR\fIcommand\fR, \fB(char
54 The \fBpclose()\fR function closes a stream opened by \fBpopen()\fR by closing
55 the pipe. It waits for the associated process to terminate and returns the
56 termination status of the process running the command language interpreter.
57 This is the value returned by \fBwaitpid\fR(3C). See \fBwait.h\fR(3HEAD) for
58 more information on termination status. If, however, a call to \fBwaitpid()\fR
59 with a \fIpid\fR argument equal to the process ID of the command line
60 interpreter causes the termination status to be unavailable to \fBpclose()\fR,
61 then \fBpclose()\fR returns \(mi1 with \fBerrno\fR set to \fBECHILD\fR to
62 report this condition.
66 Upon successful completion, \fBpopen()\fR returns a pointer to an open stream
67 that can be used to read or write to the pipe. Otherwise, it returns a null
68 pointer and may set \fBerrno\fR to indicate the error.
71 Upon successful completion, \fBpclose()\fR returns the termination status of
72 the command language interpreter as returned by \fBwaitpid()\fR. Otherwise, it
73 returns \fB\(mi1\fR and sets \fBerrno\fR to indicate the error.
77 The \fBpclose()\fR function will fail if:
84 The status of the child process could not be obtained, as described in the
90 The \fBpopen()\fR function may fail if:
97 There are currently \fBFOPEN_MAX\fR or \fBSTREAM_MAX\fR streams open in the
107 The \fImode\fR argument is invalid.
112 The \fBpopen()\fR function may also set \fBerrno\fR values as described by
113 \fBfork\fR(2) or \fBpipe\fR(2).
117 If the original and \fBpopen()\fR processes concurrently read or write a common
118 file, neither should use buffered I/O. Problems with an output filter may be
119 forestalled by careful buffer flushing, for example, with \fBfflush()\fR (see
120 \fBfclose\fR(3C)). A security hole exists through the \fBIFS\fR and \fBPATH\fR
121 environment variables. Full pathnames should be used (or \fBPATH\fR reset) and
122 \fBIFS\fR should be set to space and tab (\fB" \et"\fR).
125 Even if the process has established a signal handler for \fBSIGCHLD\fR, it will
126 be called when the command terminates. Even if another thread in the same
127 process issues a \fBwait\fR(3C) call, it will interfere with the return value
128 of \fBpclose()\fR. Even if the process's signal handler for \fBSIGCHLD\fR has
129 been set to ignore the signal, there will be no effect on \fBpclose()\fR.
132 \fBExample 1 \fR\fBpopen()\fR example
135 The following program will print on the standard output (see \fBstdio\fR(3C))
136 the names of files in the current directory with a \fB\&.c\fR suffix.
145 char *cmd = "/usr/bin/ls *.c";
149 if ((ptr = popen(cmd, "r")) != NULL) {
150 while (fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, ptr) != NULL)
151 (void) printf("%s", buf);
160 \fBExample 2 \fR\fBsystem()\fR replacement
163 The following function can be used in a multithreaded process in place of the
164 most common usage of the Unsafe \fBsystem\fR(3C) function:
169 int my_system(const char *cmd)
173 if ((p = popen(cmd, "w")) == NULL)
183 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
191 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
193 Interface Stability See below.
200 The \fBF\fR character in the \fImode\fR argument of \fBpopen()\fR is Evolving.
201 In all other respects this function is Standard. The \fBpclose()\fR function is
206 \fBksh\fR(1), \fBpipe\fR(2), \fBfclose\fR(3C), \fBfopen\fR(3C),
207 \fBposix_spawn\fR(3C), \fBstdio\fR(3C), \fBsystem\fR(3C), \fBwait\fR(3C),
208 \fBwaitpid\fR(3C), \fBwait.h\fR(3HEAD), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)