kill tsol ("Trusted Solaris") aka TX ("Trusted Extensions")

[unleashed.git] / usr / src / cmd / boot / bootadm / bootadm.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright 2012 Milan Jurik. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2015 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright 2016 Toomas Soome <tsoome@me.com>
 * Copyright 2016 Nexenta Systems, Inc.
 */

/*
 * bootadm(1M) is a new utility for managing bootability of
 * Solaris *Newboot* environments. It has two primary tasks:
 *      - Allow end users to manage bootability of Newboot Solaris instances
 *      - Provide services to other subsystems in Solaris (primarily Install)
 */

/* Headers */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <alloca.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/mnttab.h>
#include <sys/mntent.h>
#include <sys/statvfs.h>
#include <libnvpair.h>
#include <ftw.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <utime.h>
#include <sys/systeminfo.h>
#include <sys/dktp/fdisk.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include <sys/elf.h>
#include <libscf.h>
#include <zlib.h>
#include <sys/lockfs.h>
#include <sys/filio.h>
#include <libbe.h>
#include <deflt.h>
#ifdef i386
#include <libfdisk.h>
#endif

#if !defined(_OBP)
#include <sys/ucode.h>
#endif

#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <device_info.h>
#include <sys/vtoc.h>
#include <sys/efi_partition.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <sys/mkdev.h>

#include "bootadm.h"

#ifndef TEXT_DOMAIN
#define TEXT_DOMAIN     "SUNW_OST_OSCMD"
#endif  /* TEXT_DOMAIN */

/* Type definitions */

/* Primary subcmds */
typedef enum {
        BAM_MENU = 3,
        BAM_ARCHIVE,
        BAM_INSTALL
} subcmd_t;

#define LINE_INIT       0       /* lineNum initial value */
#define ENTRY_INIT      -1      /* entryNum initial value */
#define ALL_ENTRIES     -2      /* selects all boot entries */

#define PARTNO_NOTFOUND -1      /* Solaris partition not found */
#define PARTNO_EFI      -2      /* EFI partition table found */

#define RAMDISK_SPECIAL         "/dev/ramdisk/"
#define GRUBSIGN_DIR            "/boot/grub/bootsign"
#define GRUBSIGN_BACKUP         "/etc/bootsign"
#define GRUBSIGN_UFS_PREFIX     "rootfs"
#define GRUBSIGN_ZFS_PREFIX     "pool_"
#define GRUBSIGN_LU_PREFIX      "BE_"
#define UFS_SIGNATURE_LIST      "/var/run/grub_ufs_signatures"
#define ZFS_LEGACY_MNTPT        "/tmp/bootadm_mnt_zfs_legacy"

/* BE defaults */
#define BE_DEFAULTS             "/etc/default/be"
#define BE_DFLT_BE_HAS_GRUB     "BE_HAS_GRUB="

#define BOOTADM_RDONLY_TEST     "BOOTADM_RDONLY_TEST"

/* lock related */
#define BAM_LOCK_FILE           "/var/run/bootadm.lock"
#define LOCK_FILE_PERMS         (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH)

#define CREATE_RAMDISK          "boot/solaris/bin/create_ramdisk"
#define CREATE_DISKMAP          "boot/solaris/bin/create_diskmap"
#define EXTRACT_BOOT_FILELIST   "boot/solaris/bin/extract_boot_filelist"
#define GRUBDISK_MAP            "/var/run/solaris_grubdisk.map"

#define GRUB_slice              "/etc/lu/GRUB_slice"
#define GRUB_root               "/etc/lu/GRUB_root"
#define GRUB_fdisk              "/etc/lu/GRUB_fdisk"
#define GRUB_fdisk_target       "/etc/lu/GRUB_fdisk_target"
#define FINDROOT_INSTALLGRUB    "/etc/lu/installgrub.findroot"
#define LULIB                   "/usr/lib/lu/lulib"
#define LULIB_PROPAGATE_FILE    "lulib_propagate_file"
#define CKSUM                   "/usr/bin/cksum"
#define LU_MENU_CKSUM           "/etc/lu/menu.cksum"
#define BOOTADM                 "/sbin/bootadm"

#define INSTALLGRUB             "/sbin/installgrub"
#define STAGE1                  "/boot/grub/stage1"
#define STAGE2                  "/boot/grub/stage2"

/*
 * Default file attributes
 */
#define DEFAULT_DEV_MODE        0644    /* default permissions */
#define DEFAULT_DEV_UID         0       /* user root */
#define DEFAULT_DEV_GID         3       /* group sys */

/*
 * exec_cmd related
 */
typedef struct {
        line_t *head;
        line_t *tail;
} filelist_t;

#define BOOT_FILE_LIST  "boot/solaris/filelist.ramdisk"
#define ETC_FILE_LIST   "etc/boot/solaris/filelist.ramdisk"

#define FILE_STAT       "boot/solaris/filestat.ramdisk"
#define FILE_STAT_TMP   "boot/solaris/filestat.ramdisk.tmp"
#define DIR_PERMS       (S_IRWXU|S_IRGRP|S_IXGRP|S_IROTH|S_IXOTH)
#define FILE_STAT_MODE  (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH)

#define FILE_STAT_TIMESTAMP     "boot/solaris/timestamp.cache"

/* Globals */
int bam_verbose;
int bam_force;
int bam_debug;
static char *prog;
static subcmd_t bam_cmd;
char *bam_root;
int bam_rootlen;
static int bam_root_readonly;
int bam_alt_root;
static int bam_extend = 0;
static int bam_purge = 0;
static char *bam_subcmd;
static char *bam_opt;
static char **bam_argv;
static char *bam_pool;
static int bam_argc;
static int bam_check;
static int bam_saved_check;
static int bam_smf_check;
static int bam_lock_fd = -1;
static int bam_zfs;
static int bam_mbr;
char rootbuf[PATH_MAX] = "/";
static int bam_update_all;
static int bam_alt_platform;
static char *bam_platform;
static char *bam_home_env = NULL;

/* function prototypes */
static void parse_args_internal(int, char *[]);
static void parse_args(int, char *argv[]);
static error_t bam_install(char *, char *);
static error_t bam_archive(char *, char *);

static void bam_lock(void);
static void bam_unlock(void);

static int exec_cmd(char *, filelist_t *);
static void linelist_free(line_t *);
static void filelist_free(filelist_t *);

static error_t install_bootloader(void);
static error_t update_archive(char *, char *);
static error_t list_archive(char *, char *);
static error_t update_all(char *, char *);
static error_t read_list(char *, filelist_t *);

static long s_strtol(char *);

static int is_amd64(void);
static char *get_machine(void);
static void append_to_flist(filelist_t *, char *);

#if !defined(_OBP)
static void ucode_install();
#endif

#if 0
/* Menu related sub commands */
static subcmd_defn_t menu_subcmds[] = {
        "set_option",           OPT_ABSENT,     set_option, 0,  /* PUB */
        "list_entry",           OPT_OPTIONAL,   list_entry, 1,  /* PUB */
        "delete_all_entries",   OPT_ABSENT,     delete_all_entries, 0, /* PVT */
        "update_entry",         OPT_REQ,        update_entry, 0, /* menu */
        "update_temp",          OPT_OPTIONAL,   update_temp, 0, /* reboot */
        "upgrade",              OPT_ABSENT,     upgrade_menu, 0, /* menu */
        "list_setting",         OPT_OPTIONAL,   list_setting, 1, /* menu */
        "disable_hypervisor",   OPT_ABSENT,     cvt_to_metal, 0, /* menu */
        "enable_hypervisor",    OPT_ABSENT,     cvt_to_hyper, 0, /* menu */
        NULL,                   0,              NULL, 0 /* must be last */
};
#endif

/* Archive related sub commands */
static subcmd_defn_t arch_subcmds[] = {
        { "update", OPT_ABSENT, update_archive, 0 },    /* PUB */
        { "update_all", OPT_ABSENT, update_all, 0 },    /* PVT */
        { "list", OPT_OPTIONAL, list_archive, 1 },      /* PUB */
        { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }                    /* must be last */
};

/* Install related sub commands */
static subcmd_defn_t inst_subcmds[] = {
        { "install_bootloader", OPT_ABSENT, install_bootloader, 0 }, /* PUB */
        { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }                            /* must be last */
};

enum dircache_copy_opt {
        FILE32 = 0,
        FILE64,
        CACHEDIR_NUM
};

/*
 * Directory specific flags:
 * NEED_UPDATE : the specified archive needs to be updated
 * NO_MULTI : don't extend the specified archive, but recreate it
 */
#define NEED_UPDATE             0x00000001
#define NO_MULTI                0x00000002

#define set_dir_flag(id, f)     (walk_arg.dirinfo[id].flags |= f)
#define unset_dir_flag(id, f)   (walk_arg.dirinfo[id].flags &= ~f)
#define is_dir_flag_on(id, f)   (walk_arg.dirinfo[id].flags & f ? 1 : 0)

#define get_cachedir(id)        (walk_arg.dirinfo[id].cdir_path)
#define get_updatedir(id)       (walk_arg.dirinfo[id].update_path)
#define get_count(id)           (walk_arg.dirinfo[id].count)
#define has_cachedir(id)        (walk_arg.dirinfo[id].has_dir)
#define set_dir_present(id)     (walk_arg.dirinfo[id].has_dir = 1)

/*
 * dirinfo_t (specific cache directory information):
 * cdir_path:   path to the archive cache directory
 * update_path: path to the update directory (contains the files that will be
 *              used to extend the archive)
 * has_dir:     the specified cache directory is active
 * count:       the number of files to update
 * flags:       directory specific flags
 */
typedef struct _dirinfo {
        char    cdir_path[PATH_MAX];
        char    update_path[PATH_MAX];
        int     has_dir;
        int     count;
        int     flags;
} dirinfo_t;

/*
 * Update flags:
 * NEED_CACHE_DIR : cache directory is missing and needs to be created
 * IS_SPARC_TARGET : the target mountpoint is a SPARC environment
 * UPDATE_ERROR : an error occourred while traversing the list of files
 * RDONLY_FSCHK : the target filesystem is read-only
 * RAMDSK_FSCHK : the target filesystem is on a ramdisk
 */
#define NEED_CACHE_DIR          0x00000001
#define IS_SPARC_TARGET         0x00000002
#define UPDATE_ERROR            0x00000004
#define RDONLY_FSCHK            0x00000008
#define INVALIDATE_CACHE        0x00000010

#define is_flag_on(flag)        (walk_arg.update_flags & flag ? 1 : 0)
#define set_flag(flag)          (walk_arg.update_flags |= flag)
#define unset_flag(flag)        (walk_arg.update_flags &= ~flag)

/*
 * struct walk_arg :
 * update_flags: flags related to the current updating process
 * new_nvlp/old_nvlp: new and old list of archive-files / attributes pairs
 * sparcfile: list of file paths for mkisofs -path-list (SPARC only)
 */
static struct {
        int             update_flags;
        nvlist_t        *new_nvlp;
        nvlist_t        *old_nvlp;
        FILE            *sparcfile;
        dirinfo_t       dirinfo[CACHEDIR_NUM];
} walk_arg;

struct safefile {
        char *name;
        struct safefile *next;
};

static struct safefile *safefiles = NULL;

/*
 * svc:/system/filesystem/usr:default service checks for this file and
 * does a boot archive update and then reboot the system.
 */
#define NEED_UPDATE_FILE "/etc/svc/volatile/boot_archive_needs_update"

/*
 * svc:/system/boot-archive-update:default checks for this file and
 * updates the boot archive.
 */
#define NEED_UPDATE_SAFE_FILE "/etc/svc/volatile/boot_archive_safefile_update"

/* Thanks growisofs */
#define CD_BLOCK        ((off64_t)2048)
#define VOLDESC_OFF     16
#define DVD_BLOCK       (32*1024)
#define MAX_IVDs        16

struct iso_pdesc {
    unsigned char type  [1];
    unsigned char id    [5];
    unsigned char void1 [80-5-1];
    unsigned char volume_space_size [8];
    unsigned char void2 [2048-80-8];
};

/*
 * COUNT_MAX:   maximum number of changed files to justify a multisession update
 * BA_SIZE_MAX: maximum size of the boot_archive to justify a multisession
 *              update
 */
#define COUNT_MAX               50
#define BA_SIZE_MAX             (50 * 1024 * 1024)

#define bam_nowrite()           (bam_check || bam_smf_check)

static void
usage(void)
{
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "USAGE:\n");

        /* archive usage */
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
            "\t%s update-archive [-vn] [-R altroot [-p platform]]\n", prog);
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
            "\t%s list-archive [-R altroot [-p platform]]\n", prog);
#if defined(_OBP)
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
            "\t%s install-bootloader [-fv] [-R altroot] [-P pool]\n", prog);
#else
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
            "\t%s install-bootloader [-Mfv] [-R altroot] [-P pool]\n", prog);
#endif
#if !defined(_OBP)
        /* x86 only */
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "\t%s set-menu [-R altroot] key=value\n", prog);
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "\t%s list-menu [-R altroot]\n", prog);
#endif
}

/*
 * Best effort attempt to restore the $HOME value.
 */
static void
restore_env()
{
        char    home_env[PATH_MAX];

        if (bam_home_env) {
                (void) snprintf(home_env, sizeof (home_env), "HOME=%s",
                    bam_home_env);
                (void) putenv(home_env);
        }
}


#define         SLEEP_TIME      5
#define         MAX_TRIES       4

/*
 * Sanitize the environment in which bootadm will execute its sub-processes
 * (ex. mkisofs). This is done to prevent those processes from attempting
 * to access files (ex. .mkisofsrc) or stat paths that might be on NFS
 * or, potentially, insecure.
 */
static void
sanitize_env()
{
        int     stry = 0;

        /* don't depend on caller umask */
        (void) umask(0022);

        /* move away from a potential unsafe current working directory */
        while (chdir("/") == -1) {
                if (errno != EINTR) {
                        bam_print("WARNING: unable to chdir to /");
                        break;
                }
        }

        bam_home_env = getenv("HOME");
        while (bam_home_env != NULL && putenv("HOME=/") == -1) {
                if (errno == ENOMEM) {
                        /* retry no more than MAX_TRIES times */
                        if (++stry > MAX_TRIES) {
                                bam_print("WARNING: unable to recover from "
                                    "system memory pressure... aborting \n");
                                bam_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                        }
                        /* memory is tight, try to sleep */
                        bam_print("Attempting to recover from memory pressure: "
                            "sleeping for %d seconds\n", SLEEP_TIME * stry);
                        (void) sleep(SLEEP_TIME * stry);
                } else {
                        bam_print("WARNING: unable to sanitize HOME\n");
                }
        }
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        error_t ret = BAM_SUCCESS;

        (void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
        (void) textdomain(TEXT_DOMAIN);

        if ((prog = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) == NULL) {
                prog = argv[0];
        } else {
                prog++;
        }

        INJECT_ERROR1("ASSERT_ON", assert(0))

        sanitize_env();

        parse_args(argc, argv);

        switch (bam_cmd) {
                case BAM_MENU:
                        ret = bam_loader_menu(bam_subcmd, bam_opt,
                            bam_argc, bam_argv);
                        break;
                case BAM_ARCHIVE:
                        ret = bam_archive(bam_subcmd, bam_opt);
                        break;
                case BAM_INSTALL:
                        ret = bam_install(bam_subcmd, bam_opt);
                        break;
                default:
                        usage();
                        bam_exit(1);
        }

        if (ret != BAM_SUCCESS)
                bam_exit((ret == BAM_NOCHANGE) ? 2 : 1);

        bam_unlock();
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Equivalence of public and internal commands:
 *      update-archive  -- -a update
 *      list-archive    -- -a list
 *      set-menu        -- -m set_option
 *      list-menu       -- -m list_entry
 *      update-menu     -- -m update_entry
 *      install-bootloader      -- -i install_bootloader
 */
static struct cmd_map {
        char *bam_cmdname;
        int bam_cmd;
        char *bam_subcmd;
} cmd_map[] = {
        { "update-archive",     BAM_ARCHIVE,    "update"},
        { "list-archive",       BAM_ARCHIVE,    "list"},
        { "set-menu",           BAM_MENU,       "set_option"},
        { "list-menu",          BAM_MENU,       "list_entry"},
        { "update-menu",        BAM_MENU,       "update_entry"},
        { "install-bootloader", BAM_INSTALL,    "install_bootloader"},
        { NULL,                 0,              NULL}
};

/*
 * Commands syntax published in bootadm(1M) are parsed here
 */
static void
parse_args(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        struct cmd_map *cmp = cmd_map;

        /* command conforming to the final spec */
        if (argc > 1 && argv[1][0] != '-') {
                /*
                 * Map commands to internal table.
                 */
                while (cmp->bam_cmdname) {
                        if (strcmp(argv[1], cmp->bam_cmdname) == 0) {
                                bam_cmd = cmp->bam_cmd;
                                bam_subcmd = cmp->bam_subcmd;
                                break;
                        }
                        cmp++;
                }
                if (cmp->bam_cmdname == NULL) {
                        usage();
                        bam_exit(1);
                }
                argc--;
                argv++;
        }

        parse_args_internal(argc, argv);
}

/*
 * A combination of public and private commands are parsed here.
 * The internal syntax and the corresponding functionality are:
 *      -a update                       -- update-archive
 *      -a list                         -- list-archive
 *      -a update-all                   -- (reboot to sync all mnted OS archive)
 *      -i install_bootloader           -- install-bootloader
 *      -m update_entry                 -- update-menu
 *      -m list_entry                   -- list-menu
 *      -m update_temp                  -- (reboot -- [boot-args])
 *      -m delete_all_entries           -- (called from install)
 *      -m enable_hypervisor [args]     -- cvt_to_hyper
 *      -m disable_hypervisor           -- cvt_to_metal
 *      -m list_setting [entry] [value] -- list_setting
 *
 * A set of private flags is there too:
 *      -F              -- purge the cache directories and rebuild them
 *      -e              -- use the (faster) archive update approach (used by
 *                         reboot)
 */
static void
parse_args_internal(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int c, error;
        extern char *optarg;
        extern int optind, opterr;
#if defined(_OBP)
        const char *optstring = "a:d:fi:m:no:veFCR:p:P:XZ";
#else
        const char *optstring = "a:d:fi:m:no:veFCMR:p:P:XZ";
#endif

        /* Suppress error message from getopt */
        opterr = 0;

        error = 0;
        while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, optstring)) != -1) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'a':
                        if (bam_cmd) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(
                                    _("multiple commands specified: -%c\n"), c);
                        }
                        bam_cmd = BAM_ARCHIVE;
                        bam_subcmd = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        if (bam_debug) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(
                                    _("duplicate options specified: -%c\n"), c);
                        }
                        bam_debug = s_strtol(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        bam_force = 1;
                        break;
                case 'F':
                        bam_purge = 1;
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        if (bam_cmd) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(
                                    _("multiple commands specified: -%c\n"), c);
                        }
                        bam_cmd = BAM_INSTALL;
                        bam_subcmd = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        if (bam_cmd) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(
                                    _("multiple commands specified: -%c\n"), c);
                        }
                        bam_cmd = BAM_MENU;
                        bam_subcmd = optarg;
                        break;
#if !defined(_OBP)
                case 'M':
                        bam_mbr = 1;
                        break;
#endif
                case 'n':
                        bam_check = 1;
                        /*
                         * We save the original value of bam_check. The new
                         * approach in case of a read-only filesystem is to
                         * behave as a check, so we need a way to restore the
                         * original value after the evaluation of the read-only
                         * filesystem has been done.
                         * Even if we don't allow at the moment a check with
                         * update_all, this approach is more robust than
                         * simply resetting bam_check to zero.
                         */
                        bam_saved_check = 1;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        if (bam_opt) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(
                                    _("duplicate options specified: -%c\n"), c);
                        }
                        bam_opt = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        bam_verbose = 1;
                        break;
                case 'C':
                        bam_smf_check = 1;
                        break;
                case 'P':
                        if (bam_pool != NULL) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(
                                    _("duplicate options specified: -%c\n"), c);
                        }
                        bam_pool = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'R':
                        if (bam_root) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(
                                    _("duplicate options specified: -%c\n"), c);
                                break;
                        } else if (realpath(optarg, rootbuf) == NULL) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(_("cannot resolve path %s: %s\n"),
                                    optarg, strerror(errno));
                                break;
                        }
                        bam_alt_root = 1;
                        bam_root = rootbuf;
                        bam_rootlen = strlen(rootbuf);
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        bam_alt_platform = 1;
                        bam_platform = optarg;
                        if ((strcmp(bam_platform, "i86pc") != 0) &&
                            (strcmp(bam_platform, "sun4u") != 0) &&
                            (strcmp(bam_platform, "sun4v") != 0)) {
                                error = 1;
                                bam_error(_("invalid platform %s - must be "
                                    "one of sun4u, sun4v or i86pc\n"),
                                    bam_platform);
                        }
                        break;
                case 'X':
                        bam_is_hv = BAM_HV_PRESENT;
                        break;
                case 'Z':
                        bam_zfs = 1;
                        break;
                case 'e':
                        bam_extend = 1;
                        break;
                case '?':
                        error = 1;
                        bam_error(_("invalid option or missing option "
                            "argument: -%c\n"), optopt);
                        break;
                default :
                        error = 1;
                        bam_error(_("invalid option or missing option "
                            "argument: -%c\n"), c);
                        break;
                }
        }

        /*
         * An alternate platform requires an alternate root
         */
        if (bam_alt_platform && bam_alt_root == 0) {
                usage();
                bam_exit(0);
        }

        /*
         * A command option must be specfied
         */
        if (!bam_cmd) {
                if (bam_opt && strcmp(bam_opt, "all") == 0) {
                        usage();
                        bam_exit(0);
                }
                bam_error(_("a command option must be specified\n"));
                error = 1;
        }

        if (error) {
                usage();
                bam_exit(1);
        }

        if (optind > argc) {
                bam_error(_("Internal error: %s\n"), "parse_args");
                bam_exit(1);
        } else if (optind < argc) {
                bam_argv = &argv[optind];
                bam_argc = argc - optind;
        }

        /*
         * mbr and pool are options for install_bootloader
         */
        if (bam_cmd != BAM_INSTALL && (bam_mbr || bam_pool != NULL)) {
                usage();
                bam_exit(0);
        }

        /*
         * -n implies verbose mode
         */
        if (bam_check)
                bam_verbose = 1;
}

error_t
check_subcmd_and_options(
        char *subcmd,
        char *opt,
        subcmd_defn_t *table,
        error_t (**fp)())
{
        int i;

        if (subcmd == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("this command requires a sub-command\n"));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (strcmp(subcmd, "set_option") == 0) {
                if (bam_argc == 0 || bam_argv == NULL || bam_argv[0] == NULL) {
                        bam_error(_("missing argument for sub-command\n"));
                        usage();
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                } else if (bam_argc > 1 || bam_argv[1] != NULL) {
                        bam_error(_("invalid trailing arguments\n"));
                        usage();
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        } else if (strcmp(subcmd, "update_all") == 0) {
                /*
                 * The only option we accept for the "update_all"
                 * subcmd is "fastboot".
                 */
                if (bam_argc > 1 || (bam_argc == 1 &&
                    strcmp(bam_argv[0], "fastboot") != 0)) {
                        bam_error(_("invalid trailing arguments\n"));
                        usage();
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        } else if (((strcmp(subcmd, "enable_hypervisor") != 0) &&
            (strcmp(subcmd, "list_setting") != 0)) && (bam_argc || bam_argv)) {
                /*
                 * Of the remaining subcommands, only "enable_hypervisor" and
                 * "list_setting" take trailing arguments.
                 */
                bam_error(_("invalid trailing arguments\n"));
                usage();
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (bam_root == NULL) {
                bam_root = rootbuf;
                bam_rootlen = 1;
        }

        /* verify that subcmd is valid */
        for (i = 0; table[i].subcmd != NULL; i++) {
                if (strcmp(table[i].subcmd, subcmd) == 0)
                        break;
        }

        if (table[i].subcmd == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("invalid sub-command specified: %s\n"), subcmd);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (table[i].unpriv == 0 && geteuid() != 0) {
                bam_error(_("you must be root to run this command\n"));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        /*
         * Currently only privileged commands need a lock
         */
        if (table[i].unpriv == 0)
                bam_lock();

        /* subcmd verifies that opt is appropriate */
        if (table[i].option != OPT_OPTIONAL) {
                if ((table[i].option == OPT_REQ) ^ (opt != NULL)) {
                        if (opt)
                                bam_error(_("this sub-command (%s) does not "
                                    "take options\n"), subcmd);
                        else
                                bam_error(_("an option is required for this "
                                    "sub-command: %s\n"), subcmd);
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        }

        *fp = table[i].handler;

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 * NOTE: A single "/" is also considered a trailing slash and will
 * be deleted.
 */
void
elide_trailing_slash(const char *src, char *dst, size_t dstsize)
{
        size_t dstlen;

        assert(src);
        assert(dst);

        (void) strlcpy(dst, src, dstsize);

        dstlen = strlen(dst);
        if (dst[dstlen - 1] == '/') {
                dst[dstlen - 1] = '\0';
        }
}

static int
is_safe_exec(char *path)
{
        struct stat     sb;

        if (lstat(path, &sb) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("stat of file failed: %s: %s\n"), path,
                    strerror(errno));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
                bam_error(_("%s is not a regular file, skipping\n"), path);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (sb.st_uid != getuid()) {
                bam_error(_("%s is not owned by %d, skipping\n"),
                    path, getuid());
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (sb.st_mode & S_IWOTH || sb.st_mode & S_IWGRP) {
                bam_error(_("%s is others or group writable, skipping\n"),
                    path);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static error_t
install_bootloader(void)
{
        nvlist_t        *nvl;
        uint16_t        flags = 0;
        int             found = 0;
        struct extmnttab mnt;
        struct stat     statbuf = {0};
        be_node_list_t  *be_nodes, *node;
        FILE            *fp;
        char            *root_ds = NULL;
        int             ret = BAM_ERROR;

        if (nvlist_alloc(&nvl, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, 0) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("out of memory\n"));
                return (ret);
        }

        /*
         * if bam_alt_root is set, the stage files are used from alt root.
         * if pool is set, the target devices are pool devices, stage files
         * are read from pool bootfs unless alt root is set.
         *
         * use arguments as targets, stage files are from alt or current root
         * if no arguments and no pool, install on current boot pool.
         */

        if (bam_alt_root) {
                if (stat(bam_root, &statbuf) != 0) {
                        bam_error(_("stat of file failed: %s: %s\n"), bam_root,
                            strerror(errno));
                        goto done;
                }
                if ((fp = fopen(MNTTAB, "r")) == NULL) {
                        bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                            MNTTAB, strerror(errno));
                        goto done;
                }
                resetmnttab(fp);
                while (getextmntent(fp, &mnt, sizeof (mnt)) == 0) {
                        if (mnt.mnt_major == major(statbuf.st_dev) &&
                            mnt.mnt_minor == minor(statbuf.st_dev)) {
                                found = 1;
                                root_ds = strdup(mnt.mnt_special);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                (void) fclose(fp);

                if (found == 0) {
                        bam_error(_("alternate root %s not in mnttab\n"),
                            bam_root);
                        goto done;
                }
                if (root_ds == NULL) {
                        bam_error(_("out of memory\n"));
                        goto done;
                }

                if (be_list(NULL, &be_nodes) != BE_SUCCESS) {
                        bam_error(_("No BE's found\n"));
                        goto done;
                }
                for (node = be_nodes; node != NULL; node = node->be_next_node)
                        if (strcmp(root_ds, node->be_root_ds) == 0)
                                break;

                if (node == NULL)
                        bam_error(_("BE (%s) does not exist\n"), root_ds);

                free(root_ds);
                root_ds = NULL;
                if (node == NULL) {
                        be_free_list(be_nodes);
                        goto done;
                }
                ret = nvlist_add_string(nvl, BE_ATTR_ORIG_BE_NAME,
                    node->be_node_name);
                ret |= nvlist_add_string(nvl, BE_ATTR_ORIG_BE_ROOT,
                    node->be_root_ds);
                be_free_list(be_nodes);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        ret = BAM_ERROR;
                        goto done;
                }
        }

        if (bam_force)
                flags |= BE_INSTALLBOOT_FLAG_FORCE;
        if (bam_mbr)
                flags |= BE_INSTALLBOOT_FLAG_MBR;
        if (bam_verbose)
                flags |= BE_INSTALLBOOT_FLAG_VERBOSE;

        if (nvlist_add_uint16(nvl, BE_ATTR_INSTALL_FLAGS, flags) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("out of memory\n"));
                ret = BAM_ERROR;
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * if altroot was set, we got be name and be root, only need
         * to set pool name as target.
         * if no altroot, need to find be name and root from pool.
         */
        if (bam_pool != NULL) {
                ret = nvlist_add_string(nvl, BE_ATTR_ORIG_BE_POOL, bam_pool);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        ret = BAM_ERROR;
                        goto done;
                }
                if (found) {
                        ret = be_installboot(nvl);
                        if (ret != 0)
                                ret = BAM_ERROR;
                        goto done;
                }
        }

        if (be_list(NULL, &be_nodes) != BE_SUCCESS) {
                bam_error(_("No BE's found\n"));
                ret = BAM_ERROR;
                goto done;
        }

        if (bam_pool != NULL) {
                /*
                 * find active be_node in bam_pool
                 */
                for (node = be_nodes; node != NULL; node = node->be_next_node) {
                        if (strcmp(bam_pool, node->be_rpool) != 0)
                                continue;
                        if (node->be_active_on_boot)
                                break;
                }
                if (node == NULL) {
                        bam_error(_("No active BE in %s\n"), bam_pool);
                        be_free_list(be_nodes);
                        ret = BAM_ERROR;
                        goto done;
                }
                ret = nvlist_add_string(nvl, BE_ATTR_ORIG_BE_NAME,
                    node->be_node_name);
                ret |= nvlist_add_string(nvl, BE_ATTR_ORIG_BE_ROOT,
                    node->be_root_ds);
                be_free_list(be_nodes);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        ret = BAM_ERROR;
                        goto done;
                }
                ret = be_installboot(nvl);
                if (ret != 0)
                        ret = BAM_ERROR;
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * get dataset for "/" and fill up the args.
         */
        if ((fp = fopen(MNTTAB, "r")) == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                    MNTTAB, strerror(errno));
                ret = BAM_ERROR;
                be_free_list(be_nodes);
                goto done;
        }
        resetmnttab(fp);
        found = 0;
        while (getextmntent(fp, &mnt, sizeof (mnt)) == 0) {
                if (strcmp(mnt.mnt_mountp, "/") == 0) {
                        found = 1;
                        root_ds = strdup(mnt.mnt_special);
                        break;
                }
        }
        (void) fclose(fp);

        if (found == 0) {
                bam_error(_("alternate root %s not in mnttab\n"), "/");
                ret = BAM_ERROR;
                be_free_list(be_nodes);
                goto done;
        }
        if (root_ds == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("out of memory\n"));
                ret = BAM_ERROR;
                be_free_list(be_nodes);
                goto done;
        }

        for (node = be_nodes; node != NULL; node = node->be_next_node) {
                if (strcmp(root_ds, node->be_root_ds) == 0)
                        break;
        }

        if (node == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("No such BE: %s\n"), root_ds);
                free(root_ds);
                be_free_list(be_nodes);
                ret = BAM_ERROR;
                goto done;
        }
        free(root_ds);

        ret = nvlist_add_string(nvl, BE_ATTR_ORIG_BE_NAME, node->be_node_name);
        ret |= nvlist_add_string(nvl, BE_ATTR_ORIG_BE_ROOT, node->be_root_ds);
        ret |= nvlist_add_string(nvl, BE_ATTR_ORIG_BE_POOL, node->be_rpool);
        be_free_list(be_nodes);

        if (ret != 0)
                ret = BAM_ERROR;
        else
                ret = be_installboot(nvl) ? BAM_ERROR : 0;
done:
        nvlist_free(nvl);

        return (ret);
}

static error_t
bam_install(char *subcmd, char *opt)
{
        error_t (*f)(void);

        /*
         * Check arguments
         */
        if (check_subcmd_and_options(subcmd, opt, inst_subcmds, &f) ==
            BAM_ERROR)
                return (BAM_ERROR);

        return (f());
}

static error_t
bam_archive(
        char *subcmd,
        char *opt)
{
        error_t                 ret;
        error_t                 (*f)(char *root, char *opt);
        const char              *fcn = "bam_archive()";

        /*
         * Add trailing / for archive subcommands
         */
        if (rootbuf[strlen(rootbuf) - 1] != '/')
                (void) strcat(rootbuf, "/");
        bam_rootlen = strlen(rootbuf);

        /*
         * Check arguments
         */
        ret = check_subcmd_and_options(subcmd, opt, arch_subcmds, &f);
        if (ret != BAM_SUCCESS) {
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        ret = get_boot_cap(rootbuf);
        if (ret != BAM_SUCCESS) {
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: Failed to get boot capability\n", fcn));
                return (ret);
        }

        /*
         * Check archive not supported with update_all
         * since it is awkward to display out-of-sync
         * information for each BE.
         */
        if (bam_check && strcmp(subcmd, "update_all") == 0) {
                bam_error(_("the check option is not supported with "
                    "subcmd: %s\n"), subcmd);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (strcmp(subcmd, "update_all") == 0)
                bam_update_all = 1;

#if !defined(_OBP)
        ucode_install(bam_root);
#endif

        ret = f(bam_root, opt);

        bam_update_all = 0;

        return (ret);
}

/*PRINTFLIKE1*/
void
bam_error(char *format, ...)
{
        va_list ap;

        va_start(ap, format);
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", prog);
        (void) vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
        va_end(ap);
}

/*PRINTFLIKE1*/
void
bam_derror(char *format, ...)
{
        va_list ap;

        assert(bam_debug);

        va_start(ap, format);
        (void) fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: ");
        (void) vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
        va_end(ap);
}

/*PRINTFLIKE1*/
void
bam_print(char *format, ...)
{
        va_list ap;

        va_start(ap, format);
        (void) vfprintf(stdout, format, ap);
        va_end(ap);
}

/*PRINTFLIKE1*/
void
bam_print_stderr(char *format, ...)
{
        va_list ap;

        va_start(ap, format);
        (void) vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
        va_end(ap);
}

void
bam_exit(int excode)
{
        restore_env();
        bam_unlock();
        exit(excode);
}

static void
bam_lock(void)
{
        struct flock lock;
        pid_t pid;

        bam_lock_fd = open(BAM_LOCK_FILE, O_CREAT|O_RDWR, LOCK_FILE_PERMS);
        if (bam_lock_fd < 0) {
                /*
                 * We may be invoked early in boot for archive verification.
                 * In this case, root is readonly and /var/run may not exist.
                 * Proceed without the lock
                 */
                if (errno == EROFS || errno == ENOENT) {
                        bam_root_readonly = 1;
                        return;
                }

                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                    BAM_LOCK_FILE, strerror(errno));
                bam_exit(1);
        }

        lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
        lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
        lock.l_start = 0;
        lock.l_len = 0;

        if (fcntl(bam_lock_fd, F_SETLK, &lock) == -1) {
                if (errno != EACCES && errno != EAGAIN) {
                        bam_error(_("failed to lock file: %s: %s\n"),
                            BAM_LOCK_FILE, strerror(errno));
                        (void) close(bam_lock_fd);
                        bam_lock_fd = -1;
                        bam_exit(1);
                }
                pid = 0;
                (void) pread(bam_lock_fd, &pid, sizeof (pid_t), 0);
                bam_print(
                    _("another instance of bootadm (pid %lu) is running\n"),
                    pid);

                lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
                lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
                lock.l_start = 0;
                lock.l_len = 0;
                if (fcntl(bam_lock_fd, F_SETLKW, &lock) == -1) {
                        bam_error(_("failed to lock file: %s: %s\n"),
                            BAM_LOCK_FILE, strerror(errno));
                        (void) close(bam_lock_fd);
                        bam_lock_fd = -1;
                        bam_exit(1);
                }
        }

        /* We own the lock now */
        pid = getpid();
        (void) write(bam_lock_fd, &pid, sizeof (pid));
}

static void
bam_unlock(void)
{
        struct flock unlock;

        /*
         * NOP if we don't hold the lock
         */
        if (bam_lock_fd < 0) {
                return;
        }

        unlock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
        unlock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
        unlock.l_start = 0;
        unlock.l_len = 0;

        if (fcntl(bam_lock_fd, F_SETLK, &unlock) == -1) {
                bam_error(_("failed to unlock file: %s: %s\n"),
                    BAM_LOCK_FILE, strerror(errno));
        }

        if (close(bam_lock_fd) == -1) {
                bam_error(_("failed to close file: %s: %s\n"),
                    BAM_LOCK_FILE, strerror(errno));
        }
        bam_lock_fd = -1;
}

static error_t
list_archive(char *root, char *opt)
{
        filelist_t flist;
        filelist_t *flistp = &flist;
        line_t *lp;

        assert(root);
        assert(opt == NULL);

        flistp->head = flistp->tail = NULL;
        if (read_list(root, flistp) != BAM_SUCCESS) {
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }
        assert(flistp->head && flistp->tail);

        for (lp = flistp->head; lp; lp = lp->next) {
                bam_print(_("%s\n"), lp->line);
        }

        filelist_free(flistp);

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 * Checks if the path specified (without the file name at the end) exists
 * and creates it if not. If the path exists and is not a directory, an attempt
 * to unlink is made.
 */
static int
setup_path(char *path)
{
        char            *p;
        int             ret;
        struct stat     sb;

        p = strrchr(path, '/');
        if (p != NULL) {
                *p = '\0';
                if (stat(path, &sb) != 0 || !(S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))) {
                        /* best effort attempt, mkdirp will catch the error */
                        (void) unlink(path);
                        if (bam_verbose)
                                bam_print(_("need to create directory "
                                    "path for %s\n"), path);
                        ret = mkdirp(path, DIR_PERMS);
                        if (ret == -1) {
                                bam_error(_("mkdir of %s failed: %s\n"),
                                    path, strerror(errno));
                                *p = '/';
                                return (BAM_ERROR);
                        }
                }
                *p = '/';
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        }
        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

typedef union {
        gzFile  gzfile;
        int     fdfile;
} outfile;

typedef struct {
        char            path[PATH_MAX];
        outfile         out;
} cachefile;

static int
setup_file(char *base, const char *path, cachefile *cf)
{
        int     ret;
        char    *strip;

        /* init gzfile or fdfile in case we fail before opening */
        if (bam_direct == BAM_DIRECT_DBOOT)
                cf->out.gzfile = NULL;
        else
                cf->out.fdfile = -1;

        /* strip the trailing altroot path */
        strip = (char *)path + strlen(rootbuf);

        ret = snprintf(cf->path, sizeof (cf->path), "%s/%s", base, strip);
        if (ret >= sizeof (cf->path)) {
                bam_error(_("unable to create path on mountpoint %s, "
                    "path too long\n"), rootbuf);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        /* Check if path is present in the archive cache directory */
        if (setup_path(cf->path) == BAM_ERROR)
                return (BAM_ERROR);

        if (bam_direct == BAM_DIRECT_DBOOT) {
                if ((cf->out.gzfile = gzopen(cf->path, "wb")) == NULL) {
                        bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                            cf->path, strerror(errno));
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
                (void) gzsetparams(cf->out.gzfile, Z_BEST_SPEED,
                    Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
        } else {
                if ((cf->out.fdfile = open(cf->path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644))
                    == -1) {
                        bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                            cf->path, strerror(errno));
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static int
cache_write(cachefile cf, char *buf, int size)
{
        int     err;

        if (bam_direct == BAM_DIRECT_DBOOT) {
                if (gzwrite(cf.out.gzfile, buf, size) < 1) {
                        bam_error(_("failed to write to %s\n"),
                            gzerror(cf.out.gzfile, &err));
                        if (err == Z_ERRNO && bam_verbose) {
                                bam_error(_("write to file failed: %s: %s\n"),
                                    cf.path, strerror(errno));
                        }
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        } else {
                if (write(cf.out.fdfile, buf, size) < 1) {
                        bam_error(_("write to file failed: %s: %s\n"),
                            cf.path, strerror(errno));
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        }
        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static int
cache_close(cachefile cf)
{
        int     ret;

        if (bam_direct == BAM_DIRECT_DBOOT) {
                if (cf.out.gzfile) {
                        ret = gzclose(cf.out.gzfile);
                        if (ret != Z_OK) {
                                bam_error(_("failed to close file: %s: %s\n"),
                                    cf.path, strerror(errno));
                                return (BAM_ERROR);
                        }
                }
        } else {
                if (cf.out.fdfile != -1) {
                        ret = close(cf.out.fdfile);
                        if (ret != 0) {
                                bam_error(_("failed to close file: %s: %s\n"),
                                    cf.path, strerror(errno));
                                return (BAM_ERROR);
                        }
                }
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static int
dircache_updatefile(const char *path, int what)
{
        int             ret, exitcode;
        char            buf[4096 * 4];
        FILE            *infile;
        cachefile       outfile, outupdt;

        if (bam_nowrite()) {
                set_dir_flag(what, NEED_UPDATE);
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        }

        if (!has_cachedir(what))
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);

        if ((infile = fopen(path, "rb")) == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"), path,
                    strerror(errno));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        ret = setup_file(get_cachedir(what), path, &outfile);
        if (ret == BAM_ERROR) {
                exitcode = BAM_ERROR;
                goto out;
        }
        if (!is_dir_flag_on(what, NO_MULTI)) {
                ret = setup_file(get_updatedir(what), path, &outupdt);
                if (ret == BAM_ERROR)
                        set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
        }

        while ((ret = fread(buf, 1, sizeof (buf), infile)) > 0) {
                if (cache_write(outfile, buf, ret) == BAM_ERROR) {
                        exitcode = BAM_ERROR;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (!is_dir_flag_on(what, NO_MULTI))
                        if (cache_write(outupdt, buf, ret) == BAM_ERROR)
                                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
        }

        set_dir_flag(what, NEED_UPDATE);
        get_count(what)++;
        if (get_count(what) > COUNT_MAX)
                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
        exitcode = BAM_SUCCESS;
out:
        (void) fclose(infile);
        if (cache_close(outfile) == BAM_ERROR)
                exitcode = BAM_ERROR;
        if (!is_dir_flag_on(what, NO_MULTI) &&
            cache_close(outupdt) == BAM_ERROR)
                exitcode = BAM_ERROR;
        if (exitcode == BAM_ERROR)
                set_flag(UPDATE_ERROR);
        return (exitcode);
}

static int
dircache_updatedir(const char *path, int what, int updt)
{
        int             ret;
        char            dpath[PATH_MAX];
        char            *strip;
        struct stat     sb;

        strip = (char *)path + strlen(rootbuf);

        ret = snprintf(dpath, sizeof (dpath), "%s/%s", updt ?
            get_updatedir(what) : get_cachedir(what), strip);

        if (ret >= sizeof (dpath)) {
                bam_error(_("unable to create path on mountpoint %s, "
                    "path too long\n"), rootbuf);
                set_flag(UPDATE_ERROR);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (stat(dpath, &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);

        if (updt) {
                if (!is_dir_flag_on(what, NO_MULTI))
                        if (!bam_nowrite() && mkdirp(dpath, DIR_PERMS) == -1)
                                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
        } else {
                if (!bam_nowrite() && mkdirp(dpath, DIR_PERMS) == -1) {
                        set_flag(UPDATE_ERROR);
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        }

        set_dir_flag(what, NEED_UPDATE);
        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

#define DO_CACHE_DIR    0
#define DO_UPDATE_DIR   1

#if defined(_LP64) || defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
typedef         Elf64_Ehdr      _elfhdr;
#else
typedef         Elf32_Ehdr      _elfhdr;
#endif

/*
 * This routine updates the contents of the cache directory
 */
static int
update_dircache(const char *path, int flags)
{
        int rc = BAM_SUCCESS;

        switch (flags) {
        case FTW_F:
                {
                int     fd;
                _elfhdr elf;

                if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
                        bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                            path, strerror(errno));
                        set_flag(UPDATE_ERROR);
                        rc = BAM_ERROR;
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 * libelf and gelf would be a cleaner and easier way to handle
                 * this, but libelf fails compilation if _ILP32 is defined &&
                 * _FILE_OFFSET_BITS is != 32 ...
                 */
                if (read(fd, (void *)&elf, sizeof (_elfhdr)) < 0) {
                        bam_error(_("read failed for file: %s: %s\n"),
                            path, strerror(errno));
                        set_flag(UPDATE_ERROR);
                        (void) close(fd);
                        rc = BAM_ERROR;
                        break;
                }
                (void) close(fd);

                /*
                 * If the file is not an executable and is not inside an amd64
                 * directory, we copy it in both the cache directories,
                 * otherwise, we only copy it inside the 64-bit one.
                 */
                if (memcmp(elf.e_ident, ELFMAG, 4) != 0) {
                        if (strstr(path, "/amd64")) {
                                rc = dircache_updatefile(path, FILE64);
                        } else {
                                rc = dircache_updatefile(path, FILE32);
                                if (rc == BAM_SUCCESS)
                                        rc = dircache_updatefile(path, FILE64);
                        }
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Based on the ELF class we copy the file in the 32-bit
                         * or the 64-bit cache directory.
                         */
                        if (elf.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32) {
                                rc = dircache_updatefile(path, FILE32);
                        } else if (elf.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) {
                                rc = dircache_updatefile(path, FILE64);
                        } else {
                                bam_print(_("WARNING: file %s is neither a "
                                    "32-bit nor a 64-bit ELF\n"), path);
                                /* paranoid */
                                rc  = dircache_updatefile(path, FILE32);
                                if (rc == BAM_SUCCESS)
                                        rc = dircache_updatefile(path, FILE64);
                        }
                }
                break;
                }
        case FTW_D:
                if (strstr(path, "/amd64") == NULL) {
                        rc = dircache_updatedir(path, FILE32, DO_UPDATE_DIR);
                        if (rc == BAM_SUCCESS)
                                rc = dircache_updatedir(path, FILE32,
                                    DO_CACHE_DIR);
                } else {
                        if (has_cachedir(FILE64)) {
                                rc = dircache_updatedir(path, FILE64,
                                    DO_UPDATE_DIR);
                                if (rc == BAM_SUCCESS)
                                        rc = dircache_updatedir(path, FILE64,
                                            DO_CACHE_DIR);
                        }
                }
                break;
        default:
                rc = BAM_ERROR;
                break;
        }

        return (rc);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
cmpstat(
        const char *file,
        const struct stat *st,
        int flags,
        struct FTW *ftw)
{
        uint_t          sz;
        uint64_t        *value;
        uint64_t        filestat[2];
        int             error, ret, status;

        struct safefile *safefilep;
        FILE            *fp;
        struct stat     sb;
        regex_t re;

        /*
         * On SPARC we create/update links too.
         */
        if (flags != FTW_F && flags != FTW_D && (flags == FTW_SL &&
            !is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET)))
                return (0);

        /*
         * Ignore broken links
         */
        if (flags == FTW_SL && stat(file, &sb) < 0)
                return (0);

        /*
         * new_nvlp may be NULL if there were errors earlier
         * but this is not fatal to update determination.
         */
        if (walk_arg.new_nvlp) {
                filestat[0] = st->st_size;
                filestat[1] = st->st_mtime;
                error = nvlist_add_uint64_array(walk_arg.new_nvlp,
                    file + bam_rootlen, filestat, 2);
                if (error)
                        bam_error(_("failed to update stat data for: %s: %s\n"),
                            file, strerror(error));
        }

        /*
         * If we are invoked as part of system/filesystem/boot-archive, then
         * there are a number of things we should not worry about
         */
        if (bam_smf_check) {
                /* ignore amd64 modules unless we are booted amd64. */
                if (!is_amd64() && strstr(file, "/amd64/") != 0)
                        return (0);

                /* read in list of safe files */
                if (safefiles == NULL) {
                        fp = fopen("/boot/solaris/filelist.safe", "r");
                        if (fp != NULL) {
                                safefiles = s_calloc(1,
                                    sizeof (struct safefile));
                                safefilep = safefiles;
                                safefilep->name = s_calloc(1, MAXPATHLEN +
                                    MAXNAMELEN);
                                safefilep->next = NULL;
                                while (s_fgets(safefilep->name, MAXPATHLEN +
                                    MAXNAMELEN, fp) != NULL) {
                                        safefilep->next = s_calloc(1,
                                            sizeof (struct safefile));
                                        safefilep = safefilep->next;
                                        safefilep->name = s_calloc(1,
                                            MAXPATHLEN + MAXNAMELEN);
                                        safefilep->next = NULL;
                                }
                                (void) fclose(fp);
                        }
                }
        }

        /*
         * On SPARC we create a -path-list file for mkisofs
         */
        if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET) && !bam_nowrite()) {
                if (flags != FTW_D) {
                        char    *strip;

                        strip = (char *)file + strlen(rootbuf);
                        (void) fprintf(walk_arg.sparcfile, "/%s=%s\n", strip,
                            file);
                }
        }

        /*
         * We are transitioning from the old model to the dircache or the cache
         * directory was removed: create the entry without further checkings.
         */
        if (is_flag_on(NEED_CACHE_DIR)) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_print(_("    new     %s\n"), file);

                if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET)) {
                        set_dir_flag(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE);
                        return (0);
                }

                ret = update_dircache(file, flags);
                if (ret == BAM_ERROR) {
                        bam_error(_("directory cache update failed for %s\n"),
                            file);
                        return (-1);
                }

                return (0);
        }

        /*
         * We need an update if file doesn't exist in old archive
         */
        if (walk_arg.old_nvlp == NULL ||
            nvlist_lookup_uint64_array(walk_arg.old_nvlp,
            file + bam_rootlen, &value, &sz) != 0) {
                if (bam_smf_check)      /* ignore new during smf check */
                        return (0);

                if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET)) {
                        set_dir_flag(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE);
                } else {
                        ret = update_dircache(file, flags);
                        if (ret == BAM_ERROR) {
                                bam_error(_("directory cache update "
                                    "failed for %s\n"), file);
                                return (-1);
                        }
                }

                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_print(_("    new     %s\n"), file);
                return (0);
        }

        /*
         * If we got there, the file is already listed as to be included in the
         * iso image. We just need to know if we are going to rebuild it or not
         */
        if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET) &&
            is_dir_flag_on(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE) && !bam_nowrite())
                return (0);
        /*
         * File exists in old archive. Check if file has changed
         */
        assert(sz == 2);
        bcopy(value, filestat, sizeof (filestat));

        if (flags != FTW_D && (filestat[0] != st->st_size ||
            filestat[1] != st->st_mtime)) {
                if (bam_smf_check) {
                        safefilep = safefiles;
                        while (safefilep != NULL &&
                            safefilep->name[0] != '\0') {
                                if (regcomp(&re, safefilep->name,
                                    REG_EXTENDED|REG_NOSUB) == 0) {
                                        status = regexec(&re,
                                            file + bam_rootlen, 0, NULL, 0);
                                        regfree(&re);
                                        if (status == 0) {
                                                (void) creat(
                                                    NEED_UPDATE_SAFE_FILE,
                                                    0644);
                                                return (0);
                                        }
                                }
                                safefilep = safefilep->next;
                        }
                }

                if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET)) {
                        set_dir_flag(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE);
                } else {
                        ret = update_dircache(file, flags);
                        if (ret == BAM_ERROR) {
                                bam_error(_("directory cache update failed "
                                    "for %s\n"), file);
                                return (-1);
                        }
                }

                if (bam_verbose) {
                        if (bam_smf_check)
                                bam_print("    %s\n", file);
                        else
                                bam_print(_("    changed %s\n"), file);
                }
        }

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Remove a directory path recursively
 */
static int
rmdir_r(char *path)
{
        struct dirent   *d = NULL;
        DIR             *dir = NULL;
        char            tpath[PATH_MAX];
        struct stat     sb;

        if ((dir = opendir(path)) == NULL)
                return (-1);

        while ((d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
                if ((strcmp(d->d_name, ".") != 0) &&
                    (strcmp(d->d_name, "..") != 0)) {
                        (void) snprintf(tpath, sizeof (tpath), "%s/%s",
                            path, d->d_name);
                        if (stat(tpath, &sb) == 0) {
                                if (sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR)
                                        (void) rmdir_r(tpath);
                                else
                                        (void) remove(tpath);
                        }
                }
        }
        return (remove(path));
}

/*
 * Check if cache directory exists and, if not, create it and update flags
 * accordingly. If the path exists, but it's not a directory, a best effort
 * attempt to remove and recreate it is made.
 * If the user requested a 'purge', always recreate the directory from scratch.
 */
static int
set_cache_dir(char *root, int what)
{
        struct stat     sb;
        int             ret = 0;

        ret = snprintf(get_cachedir(what), sizeof (get_cachedir(what)),
            "%s%s%s%s%s", root, ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(), what == FILE64 ?
            "/amd64" : "", CACHEDIR_SUFFIX);

        if (ret >= sizeof (get_cachedir(what))) {
                bam_error(_("unable to create path on mountpoint %s, "
                    "path too long\n"), rootbuf);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (bam_purge || is_flag_on(INVALIDATE_CACHE))
                (void) rmdir_r(get_cachedir(what));

        if (stat(get_cachedir(what), &sb) != 0 || !(S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))) {
                /* best effort unlink attempt, mkdir will catch errors */
                (void) unlink(get_cachedir(what));

                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_print(_("archive cache directory not found: %s\n"),
                            get_cachedir(what));
                ret = mkdir(get_cachedir(what), DIR_PERMS);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        bam_error(_("mkdir of %s failed: %s\n"),
                            get_cachedir(what), strerror(errno));
                        get_cachedir(what)[0] = '\0';
                        return (ret);
                }
                set_flag(NEED_CACHE_DIR);
                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static int
set_update_dir(char *root, int what)
{
        struct stat     sb;
        int             ret;

        if (is_dir_flag_on(what, NO_MULTI))
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);

        if (!bam_extend) {
                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        }

        if (what == FILE64 && !is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET))
                ret = snprintf(get_updatedir(what),
                    sizeof (get_updatedir(what)), "%s%s%s/amd64%s", root,
                    ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(), UPDATEDIR_SUFFIX);
        else
                ret = snprintf(get_updatedir(what),
                    sizeof (get_updatedir(what)), "%s%s%s%s", root,
                    ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(), UPDATEDIR_SUFFIX);

        if (ret >= sizeof (get_updatedir(what))) {
                bam_error(_("unable to create path on mountpoint %s, "
                    "path too long\n"), rootbuf);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (stat(get_updatedir(what), &sb) == 0) {
                if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
                        ret = rmdir_r(get_updatedir(what));
                else
                        ret = unlink(get_updatedir(what));

                if (ret != 0)
                        set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
        }

        if (mkdir(get_updatedir(what), DIR_PERMS) < 0)
                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static int
is_valid_archive(char *root, int what)
{
        char            archive_path[PATH_MAX];
        char            timestamp_path[PATH_MAX];
        struct stat     sb, timestamp;
        int             ret;

        if (what == FILE64 && !is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET))
                ret = snprintf(archive_path, sizeof (archive_path),
                    "%s%s%s/amd64%s", root, ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(),
                    ARCHIVE_SUFFIX);
        else
                ret = snprintf(archive_path, sizeof (archive_path), "%s%s%s%s",
                    root, ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(), ARCHIVE_SUFFIX);

        if (ret >= sizeof (archive_path)) {
                bam_error(_("unable to create path on mountpoint %s, "
                    "path too long\n"), rootbuf);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (stat(archive_path, &sb) != 0) {
                if (bam_verbose && !bam_check)
                        bam_print(_("archive not found: %s\n"), archive_path);
                set_dir_flag(what, NEED_UPDATE);
                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        }

        /*
         * The timestamp file is used to prevent stale files in the archive
         * cache.
         * Stale files can happen if the system is booted back and forth across
         * the transition from bootadm-before-the-cache to
         * bootadm-after-the-cache, since older versions of bootadm don't know
         * about the existence of the archive cache.
         *
         * Since only bootadm-after-the-cache versions know about about this
         * file, we require that the boot archive be older than this file.
         */
        ret = snprintf(timestamp_path, sizeof (timestamp_path), "%s%s", root,
            FILE_STAT_TIMESTAMP);

        if (ret >= sizeof (timestamp_path)) {
                bam_error(_("unable to create path on mountpoint %s, "
                    "path too long\n"), rootbuf);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (stat(timestamp_path, &timestamp) != 0 ||
            sb.st_mtime > timestamp.st_mtime) {
                if (bam_verbose && !bam_check)
                        bam_print(
                            _("archive cache is out of sync. Rebuilding.\n"));
                /*
                 * Don't generate a false positive for the boot-archive service
                 * but trigger an update of the archive cache in
                 * boot-archive-update.
                 */
                if (bam_smf_check) {
                        (void) creat(NEED_UPDATE_FILE, 0644);
                        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
                }

                set_flag(INVALIDATE_CACHE);
                set_dir_flag(what, NEED_UPDATE);
                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        }

        if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET))
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);

        if (bam_extend && sb.st_size > BA_SIZE_MAX) {
                if (bam_verbose && !bam_check)
                        bam_print(_("archive %s is bigger than %d bytes and "
                            "will be rebuilt\n"), archive_path, BA_SIZE_MAX);
                set_dir_flag(what, NO_MULTI);
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 * Check flags and presence of required files and directories.
 * The force flag and/or absence of files should
 * trigger an update.
 * Suppress stdout output if check (-n) option is set
 * (as -n should only produce parseable output.)
 */
static int
check_flags_and_files(char *root)
{

        struct stat     sb;
        int             ret;

        /*
         * If archive is missing, create archive
         */
        if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET)) {
                ret = is_valid_archive(root, FILE64);
                if (ret == BAM_ERROR)
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
        } else {
                int     what = FILE32;
                do {
                        ret = is_valid_archive(root, what);
                        if (ret == BAM_ERROR)
                                return (BAM_ERROR);
                        what++;
                } while (bam_direct == BAM_DIRECT_DBOOT && what < CACHEDIR_NUM);
        }

        if (bam_nowrite())
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);


        /*
         * check if cache directories exist on x86.
         * check (and always open) the cache file on SPARC.
         */
        if (is_sparc()) {
                ret = snprintf(get_cachedir(FILE64),
                    sizeof (get_cachedir(FILE64)), "%s%s%s/%s", root,
                    ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(), CACHEDIR_SUFFIX);

                if (ret >= sizeof (get_cachedir(FILE64))) {
                        bam_error(_("unable to create path on mountpoint %s, "
                            "path too long\n"), rootbuf);
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }

                if (stat(get_cachedir(FILE64), &sb) != 0) {
                        set_flag(NEED_CACHE_DIR);
                        set_dir_flag(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE);
                }

                walk_arg.sparcfile = fopen(get_cachedir(FILE64), "w");
                if (walk_arg.sparcfile == NULL) {
                        bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                            get_cachedir(FILE64), strerror(errno));
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }

                set_dir_present(FILE64);
        } else {
                int     what = FILE32;

                do {
                        if (set_cache_dir(root, what) != 0)
                                return (BAM_ERROR);

                        set_dir_present(what);

                        if (set_update_dir(root, what) != 0)
                                return (BAM_ERROR);
                        what++;
                } while (bam_direct == BAM_DIRECT_DBOOT && what < CACHEDIR_NUM);
        }

        /*
         * if force, create archive unconditionally
         */
        if (bam_force) {
                if (!is_sparc())
                        set_dir_flag(FILE32, NEED_UPDATE);
                set_dir_flag(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE);
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_print(_("forced update of archive requested\n"));
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static error_t
read_one_list(char *root, filelist_t  *flistp, char *filelist)
{
        char            path[PATH_MAX];
        FILE            *fp;
        char            buf[BAM_MAXLINE];
        const char      *fcn = "read_one_list()";

        (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s%s", root, filelist);

        fp = fopen(path, "r");
        if (fp == NULL) {
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: failed to open archive filelist: %s: %s\n",
                    fcn, path, strerror(errno)));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }
        while (s_fgets(buf, sizeof (buf), fp) != NULL) {
                /* skip blank lines */
                if (strspn(buf, " \t") == strlen(buf))
                        continue;
                append_to_flist(flistp, buf);
        }
        if (fclose(fp) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("failed to close file: %s: %s\n"),
                    path, strerror(errno));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }
        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static error_t
read_list(char *root, filelist_t  *flistp)
{
        char            path[PATH_MAX];
        char            cmd[PATH_MAX];
        struct stat     sb;
        int             n, rval;
        const char      *fcn = "read_list()";

        flistp->head = flistp->tail = NULL;

        /*
         * build and check path to extract_boot_filelist.ksh
         */
        n = snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s%s", root, EXTRACT_BOOT_FILELIST);
        if (n >= sizeof (path)) {
                bam_error(_("archive filelist is empty\n"));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (is_safe_exec(path) == BAM_ERROR)
                return (BAM_ERROR);

        /*
         * If extract_boot_filelist is present, exec it, otherwise read
         * the filelists directly, for compatibility with older images.
         */
        if (stat(path, &sb) == 0) {
                /*
                 * build arguments to exec extract_boot_filelist.ksh
                 */
                char *rootarg, *platarg;
                int platarglen = 1, rootarglen = 1;
                if (strlen(root) > 1)
                        rootarglen += strlen(root) + strlen("-R ");
                if (bam_alt_platform)
                        platarglen += strlen(bam_platform) + strlen("-p ");
                platarg = s_calloc(1, platarglen);
                rootarg = s_calloc(1, rootarglen);
                *platarg = 0;
                *rootarg = 0;

                if (strlen(root) > 1) {
                        (void) snprintf(rootarg, rootarglen,
                            "-R %s", root);
                }
                if (bam_alt_platform) {
                        (void) snprintf(platarg, platarglen,
                            "-p %s", bam_platform);
                }
                n = snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd), "%s %s %s /%s /%s",
                    path, rootarg, platarg, BOOT_FILE_LIST, ETC_FILE_LIST);
                free(platarg);
                free(rootarg);
                if (n >= sizeof (cmd)) {
                        bam_error(_("archive filelist is empty\n"));
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
                if (exec_cmd(cmd, flistp) != 0) {
                        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: failed to open archive "
                            "filelist: %s: %s\n", fcn, path, strerror(errno)));
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        } else {
                /*
                 * Read current lists of files - only the first is mandatory
                 */
                rval = read_one_list(root, flistp, BOOT_FILE_LIST);
                if (rval != BAM_SUCCESS)
                        return (rval);
                (void) read_one_list(root, flistp, ETC_FILE_LIST);
        }

        if (flistp->head == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("archive filelist is empty\n"));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static void
getoldstat(char *root)
{
        char            path[PATH_MAX];
        int             fd, error;
        struct stat     sb;
        char            *ostat;

        (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s%s", root, FILE_STAT);
        fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd == -1) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_print(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                            path, strerror(errno));
                goto out_err;
        }

        if (fstat(fd, &sb) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("stat of file failed: %s: %s\n"), path,
                    strerror(errno));
                goto out_err;
        }

        ostat = s_calloc(1, sb.st_size);

        if (read(fd, ostat, sb.st_size) != sb.st_size) {
                bam_error(_("read failed for file: %s: %s\n"), path,
                    strerror(errno));
                free(ostat);
                goto out_err;
        }

        (void) close(fd);
        fd = -1;

        walk_arg.old_nvlp = NULL;
        error = nvlist_unpack(ostat, sb.st_size, &walk_arg.old_nvlp, 0);

        free(ostat);

        if (error) {
                bam_error(_("failed to unpack stat data: %s: %s\n"),
                    path, strerror(error));
                walk_arg.old_nvlp = NULL;
                goto out_err;
        } else {
                return;
        }

out_err:
        if (fd != -1)
                (void) close(fd);
        if (!is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET))
                set_dir_flag(FILE32, NEED_UPDATE);
        set_dir_flag(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE);
}

/* Best effort stale entry removal */
static void
delete_stale(char *file, int what)
{
        char            path[PATH_MAX];
        struct stat     sb;

        (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s/%s", get_cachedir(what), file);
        if (!bam_check && stat(path, &sb) == 0) {
                if (sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR)
                        (void) rmdir_r(path);
                else
                        (void) unlink(path);

                set_dir_flag(what, (NEED_UPDATE | NO_MULTI));
        }
}

/*
 * Checks if a file in the current (old) archive has
 * been deleted from the root filesystem.
 */
static void
check4stale(char *root)
{
        nvpair_t        *nvp;
        nvlist_t        *nvlp;
        char            *file;
        char            path[PATH_MAX];

        /*
         * Skip stale file check during smf check
         */
        if (bam_smf_check)
                return;

        /*
         * If we need to (re)create the cache, there's no need to check for
         * stale files
         */
        if (is_flag_on(NEED_CACHE_DIR))
                return;

        /* Nothing to do if no old stats */
        if ((nvlp = walk_arg.old_nvlp) == NULL)
                return;

        for (nvp = nvlist_next_nvpair(nvlp, NULL); nvp;
            nvp = nvlist_next_nvpair(nvlp, nvp)) {
                file = nvpair_name(nvp);
                if (file == NULL)
                        continue;
                (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s/%s",
                    root, file);
                if (access(path, F_OK) < 0) {
                        int     what;

                        if (bam_verbose)
                                bam_print(_("    stale %s\n"), path);

                        if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET)) {
                                set_dir_flag(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE);
                        } else {
                                for (what = FILE32; what < CACHEDIR_NUM; what++)
                                        if (has_cachedir(what))
                                                delete_stale(file, what);
                        }
                }
        }
}

static void
create_newstat(void)
{
        int error;

        error = nvlist_alloc(&walk_arg.new_nvlp, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, 0);
        if (error) {
                /*
                 * Not fatal - we can still create archive
                 */
                walk_arg.new_nvlp = NULL;
                bam_error(_("failed to create stat data: %s\n"),
                    strerror(error));
        }
}

static int
walk_list(char *root, filelist_t *flistp)
{
        char path[PATH_MAX];
        line_t *lp;

        for (lp = flistp->head; lp; lp = lp->next) {
                /*
                 * Don't follow symlinks.  A symlink must refer to
                 * a file that would appear in the archive through
                 * a direct reference.  This matches the archive
                 * construction behavior.
                 */
                (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s%s", root, lp->line);
                if (nftw(path, cmpstat, 20, FTW_PHYS) == -1) {
                        if (is_flag_on(UPDATE_ERROR))
                                return (BAM_ERROR);
                        /*
                         * Some files may not exist.
                         * For example: etc/rtc_config on a x86 diskless system
                         * Emit verbose message only
                         */
                        if (bam_verbose)
                                bam_print(_("cannot find: %s: %s\n"),
                                    path, strerror(errno));
                }
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 * Update the timestamp file.
 */
static void
update_timestamp(char *root)
{
        char    timestamp_path[PATH_MAX];

        /* this path length has already been checked in check_flags_and_files */
        (void) snprintf(timestamp_path, sizeof (timestamp_path), "%s%s", root,
            FILE_STAT_TIMESTAMP);

        /*
         * recreate the timestamp file. Since an outdated or absent timestamp
         * file translates in a complete rebuild of the archive cache, notify
         * the user of the performance issue.
         */
        if (creat(timestamp_path, FILE_STAT_MODE) < 0) {
                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"), timestamp_path,
                    strerror(errno));
                bam_error(_("failed to update the timestamp file, next"
                    " archive update may experience reduced performance\n"));
        }
}


static void
savenew(char *root)
{
        char    path[PATH_MAX];
        char    path2[PATH_MAX];
        size_t  sz;
        char    *nstat;
        int     fd, wrote, error;

        nstat = NULL;
        sz = 0;
        error = nvlist_pack(walk_arg.new_nvlp, &nstat, &sz,
            NV_ENCODE_XDR, 0);
        if (error) {
                bam_error(_("failed to pack stat data: %s\n"),
                    strerror(error));
                return;
        }

        (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s%s", root, FILE_STAT_TMP);
        fd = open(path, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, FILE_STAT_MODE);
        if (fd == -1) {
                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"), path,
                    strerror(errno));
                free(nstat);
                return;
        }
        wrote = write(fd, nstat, sz);
        if (wrote != sz) {
                bam_error(_("write to file failed: %s: %s\n"), path,
                    strerror(errno));
                (void) close(fd);
                free(nstat);
                return;
        }
        (void) close(fd);
        free(nstat);

        (void) snprintf(path2, sizeof (path2), "%s%s", root, FILE_STAT);
        if (rename(path, path2) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("rename to file failed: %s: %s\n"), path2,
                    strerror(errno));
        }
}

#define init_walk_args()        bzero(&walk_arg, sizeof (walk_arg))

static void
clear_walk_args(void)
{
        nvlist_free(walk_arg.old_nvlp);
        nvlist_free(walk_arg.new_nvlp);
        if (walk_arg.sparcfile)
                (void) fclose(walk_arg.sparcfile);
        walk_arg.old_nvlp = NULL;
        walk_arg.new_nvlp = NULL;
        walk_arg.sparcfile = NULL;
}

/*
 * Returns:
 *      0 - no update necessary
 *      1 - update required.
 *      BAM_ERROR (-1) - An error occurred
 *
 * Special handling for check (-n):
 * ================================
 * The check (-n) option produces parseable output.
 * To do this, we suppress all stdout messages unrelated
 * to out of sync files.
 * All stderr messages are still printed though.
 *
 */
static int
update_required(char *root)
{
        struct stat     sb;
        char            path[PATH_MAX];
        filelist_t      flist;
        filelist_t      *flistp = &flist;
        int             ret;

        flistp->head = flistp->tail = NULL;

        if (is_sparc())
                set_flag(IS_SPARC_TARGET);

        /*
         * Check if cache directories and archives are present
         */

        ret = check_flags_and_files(root);
        if (ret < 0)
                return (BAM_ERROR);

        /*
         * In certain deployment scenarios, filestat may not
         * exist. Do not stop the boot process, but trigger an update
         * of the archives (which will recreate filestat.ramdisk).
         */
        if (bam_smf_check) {
                (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s%s", root, FILE_STAT);
                if (stat(path, &sb) != 0) {
                        (void) creat(NEED_UPDATE_FILE, 0644);
                        return (0);
                }
        }

        getoldstat(root);

        /*
         * Check if the archive contains files that are no longer
         * present on the root filesystem.
         */
        check4stale(root);

        /*
         * read list of files
         */
        if (read_list(root, flistp) != BAM_SUCCESS) {
                clear_walk_args();
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        assert(flistp->head && flistp->tail);

        /*
         * At this point either the update is required
         * or the decision is pending. In either case
         * we need to create new stat nvlist
         */
        create_newstat();
        /*
         * This walk does 2 things:
         *      - gets new stat data for every file
         *      - (optional) compare old and new stat data
         */
        ret = walk_list(root, &flist);

        /* done with the file list */
        filelist_free(flistp);

        /* something went wrong */

        if (ret == BAM_ERROR) {
                bam_error(_("Failed to gather cache files, archives "
                    "generation aborted\n"));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (walk_arg.new_nvlp == NULL) {
                if (walk_arg.sparcfile != NULL)
                        (void) fclose(walk_arg.sparcfile);
                bam_error(_("cannot create new stat data\n"));
        }

        /* If nothing was updated, discard newstat. */

        if (!is_dir_flag_on(FILE32, NEED_UPDATE) &&
            !is_dir_flag_on(FILE64, NEED_UPDATE)) {
                clear_walk_args();
                return (0);
        }

        if (walk_arg.sparcfile != NULL)
                (void) fclose(walk_arg.sparcfile);

        return (1);
}

static int
flushfs(char *root)
{
        char    cmd[PATH_MAX + 30];

        (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd), "%s -f \"%s\" 2>/dev/null",
            LOCKFS_PATH, root);

        return (exec_cmd(cmd, NULL));
}

static int
do_archive_copy(char *source, char *dest)
{

        sync();

        /* the equivalent of mv archive-new-$pid boot_archive */
        if (rename(source, dest) != 0) {
                (void) unlink(source);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (flushfs(bam_root) != 0)
                sync();

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static int
check_cmdline(filelist_t flist)
{
        line_t  *lp;

        for (lp = flist.head; lp; lp = lp->next) {
                if (strstr(lp->line, "Error:") != NULL ||
                    strstr(lp->line, "Inode number overflow") != NULL) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", lp->line);
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static void
dump_errormsg(filelist_t flist)
{
        line_t  *lp;

        for (lp = flist.head; lp; lp = lp->next)
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", lp->line);
}

static int
check_archive(char *dest)
{
        struct stat     sb;

        if (stat(dest, &sb) != 0 || !S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) ||
            sb.st_size < 10000) {
                bam_error(_("archive file %s not generated correctly\n"), dest);
                (void) unlink(dest);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

static boolean_t
is_be(char *root)
{
        zfs_handle_t    *zhp;
        libzfs_handle_t *hdl;
        be_node_list_t  *be_nodes = NULL;
        be_node_list_t  *cur_be;
        boolean_t       be_exist = B_FALSE;
        char            ds_path[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];

        if (!is_zfs(root))
                return (B_FALSE);
        /*
         * Get dataset for mountpoint
         */
        if ((hdl = libzfs_init()) == NULL)
                return (B_FALSE);

        if ((zhp = zfs_path_to_zhandle(hdl, root,
            ZFS_TYPE_FILESYSTEM)) == NULL) {
                libzfs_fini(hdl);
                return (B_FALSE);
        }

        (void) strlcpy(ds_path, zfs_get_name(zhp), sizeof (ds_path));

        /*
         * Check if the current dataset is BE
         */
        if (be_list(NULL, &be_nodes) == BE_SUCCESS) {
                for (cur_be = be_nodes; cur_be != NULL;
                    cur_be = cur_be->be_next_node) {

                        /*
                         * Because we guarantee that cur_be->be_root_ds
                         * is null-terminated by internal data structure,
                         * we can safely use strcmp()
                         */
                        if (strcmp(ds_path, cur_be->be_root_ds) == 0) {
                                be_exist = B_TRUE;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                be_free_list(be_nodes);
        }
        zfs_close(zhp);
        libzfs_fini(hdl);

        return (be_exist);
}

/*
 * Returns 1 if mkiso is in the expected PATH, 0 otherwise
 */
static int
is_mkisofs()
{
        if (access(MKISOFS_PATH, X_OK) == 0)
                return (1);
        return (0);
}

#define MKISO_PARAMS    " -quiet -graft-points -dlrDJN -relaxed-filenames "

static int
create_sparc_archive(char *archive, char *tempname, char *bootblk, char *list)
{
        int             ret;
        char            cmdline[3 * PATH_MAX + 64];
        filelist_t      flist = {0};
        const char      *func = "create_sparc_archive()";

        if (access(bootblk, R_OK) == 1) {
                bam_error(_("unable to access bootblk file : %s\n"), bootblk);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        /*
         * Prepare mkisofs command line and execute it
         */
        (void) snprintf(cmdline, sizeof (cmdline), "%s %s -G %s -o \"%s\" "
            "-path-list \"%s\" 2>&1", MKISOFS_PATH, MKISO_PARAMS, bootblk,
            tempname, list);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: executing: %s\n", func, cmdline));

        ret = exec_cmd(cmdline, &flist);
        if (ret != 0 || check_cmdline(flist) == BAM_ERROR) {
                dump_errormsg(flist);
                goto out_err;
        }

        filelist_free(&flist);

        /*
         * Prepare dd command line to copy the bootblk on the new archive and
         * execute it
         */
        (void) snprintf(cmdline, sizeof (cmdline), "%s if=\"%s\" of=\"%s\""
            " bs=1b oseek=1 count=15 conv=notrunc conv=sync 2>&1", DD_PATH_USR,
            bootblk, tempname);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: executing: %s\n", func, cmdline));

        ret = exec_cmd(cmdline, &flist);
        if (ret != 0 || check_cmdline(flist) == BAM_ERROR)
                goto out_err;

        filelist_free(&flist);

        /* Did we get a valid archive ? */
        if (check_archive(tempname) == BAM_ERROR)
                return (BAM_ERROR);

        return (do_archive_copy(tempname, archive));

out_err:
        filelist_free(&flist);
        bam_error(_("boot-archive creation FAILED, command: '%s'\n"), cmdline);
        (void) unlink(tempname);
        return (BAM_ERROR);
}

static unsigned int
from_733(unsigned char *s)
{
        int             i;
        unsigned int    ret = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                ret |= s[i] << (8 * i);

        return (ret);
}

static void
to_733(unsigned char *s, unsigned int val)
{
        int     i;

        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                s[i] = s[7-i] = (val >> (8 * i)) & 0xFF;
}

/*
 * creates sha1 hash of archive
 */
static int
digest_archive(const char *archive)
{
        char *archive_hash;
        char *hash;
        int ret;
        FILE *fp;

        (void) asprintf(&archive_hash, "%s.hash", archive);
        if (archive_hash == NULL)
                return (BAM_ERROR);

        if ((ret = bootadm_digest(archive, &hash)) == BAM_ERROR) {
                free(archive_hash);
                return (ret);
        }

        fp = fopen(archive_hash, "w");
        if (fp == NULL) {
                free(archive_hash);
                free(hash);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        (void) fprintf(fp, "%s\n", hash);
        (void) fclose(fp);
        free(hash);
        free(archive_hash);
        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 * Extends the current boot archive without recreating it from scratch
 */
static int
extend_iso_archive(char *archive, char *tempname, char *update_dir)
{
        int                     fd = -1, newfd = -1, ret, i;
        int                     next_session = 0, new_size = 0;
        char                    cmdline[3 * PATH_MAX + 64];
        const char              *func = "extend_iso_archive()";
        filelist_t              flist = {0};
        struct iso_pdesc        saved_desc[MAX_IVDs];

        fd = open(archive, O_RDWR);
        if (fd == -1) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                            archive, strerror(errno));
                goto out_err;
        }

        /*
         * A partial read is likely due to a corrupted file
         */
        ret = pread64(fd, saved_desc, sizeof (saved_desc),
            VOLDESC_OFF * CD_BLOCK);
        if (ret != sizeof (saved_desc)) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("read failed for file: %s: %s\n"),
                            archive, strerror(errno));
                goto out_err;
        }

        if (memcmp(saved_desc[0].type, "\1CD001", 6)) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("iso descriptor signature for %s is "
                            "invalid\n"), archive);
                goto out_err;
        }

        /*
         * Read primary descriptor and locate next_session offset (it should
         * point to the end of the archive)
         */
        next_session = P2ROUNDUP(from_733(saved_desc[0].volume_space_size), 16);

        (void) snprintf(cmdline, sizeof (cmdline), "%s -C 16,%d -M %s %s -o \""
            "%s\" \"%s\" 2>&1", MKISOFS_PATH, next_session, archive,
            MKISO_PARAMS, tempname, update_dir);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: executing: %s\n", func, cmdline));

        ret = exec_cmd(cmdline, &flist);
        if (ret != 0 || check_cmdline(flist) == BAM_ERROR) {
                if (bam_verbose) {
                        bam_error(_("Command '%s' failed while generating "
                            "multisession archive\n"), cmdline);
                        dump_errormsg(flist);
                }
                goto out_flist_err;
        }
        filelist_free(&flist);

        newfd = open(tempname, O_RDONLY);
        if (newfd == -1) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                            archive, strerror(errno));
                goto out_err;
        }

        ret = pread64(newfd, saved_desc, sizeof (saved_desc),
            VOLDESC_OFF * CD_BLOCK);
        if (ret != sizeof (saved_desc)) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("read failed for file: %s: %s\n"),
                            archive, strerror(errno));
                goto out_err;
        }

        if (memcmp(saved_desc[0].type, "\1CD001", 6)) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("iso descriptor signature for %s is "
                            "invalid\n"), archive);
                goto out_err;
        }

        new_size = from_733(saved_desc[0].volume_space_size) + next_session;
        to_733(saved_desc[0].volume_space_size, new_size);

        for (i = 1; i < MAX_IVDs; i++) {
                if (saved_desc[i].type[0] == (unsigned char)255)
                        break;
                if (memcmp(saved_desc[i].id, "CD001", 5))
                        break;

                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_print("%s: Updating descriptor entry [%d]\n", func,
                            i);

                to_733(saved_desc[i].volume_space_size, new_size);
        }

        ret = pwrite64(fd, saved_desc, DVD_BLOCK, VOLDESC_OFF*CD_BLOCK);
        if (ret != DVD_BLOCK) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("write to file failed: %s: %s\n"),
                            archive, strerror(errno));
                goto out_err;
        }
        (void) close(newfd);
        newfd = -1;

        ret = fsync(fd);
        if (ret != 0)
                sync();

        ret = close(fd);
        if (ret != 0) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("failed to close file: %s: %s\n"),
                            archive, strerror(errno));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }
        fd = -1;

        (void) snprintf(cmdline, sizeof (cmdline), "%s if=%s of=%s bs=32k "
            "seek=%d conv=sync 2>&1", DD_PATH_USR, tempname, archive,
            (next_session/16));

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: executing: %s\n", func, cmdline));

        ret = exec_cmd(cmdline, &flist);
        if (ret != 0 || check_cmdline(flist) == BAM_ERROR) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("Command '%s' failed while generating "
                            "multisession archive\n"), cmdline);
                goto out_flist_err;
        }
        filelist_free(&flist);

        (void) unlink(tempname);

        if (digest_archive(archive) == BAM_ERROR && bam_verbose)
                bam_print("boot archive hashing failed\n");

        if (flushfs(bam_root) != 0)
                sync();

        if (bam_verbose)
                bam_print("boot archive updated successfully\n");

        return (BAM_SUCCESS);

out_flist_err:
        filelist_free(&flist);
out_err:
        if (fd != -1)
                (void) close(fd);
        if (newfd != -1)
                (void) close(newfd);
        return (BAM_ERROR);
}

static int
create_x86_archive(char *archive, char *tempname, char *update_dir)
{
        int             ret;
        char            cmdline[3 * PATH_MAX + 64];
        filelist_t      flist = {0};
        const char      *func = "create_x86_archive()";

        (void) snprintf(cmdline, sizeof (cmdline), "%s %s -o \"%s\" \"%s\" "
            "2>&1", MKISOFS_PATH, MKISO_PARAMS, tempname, update_dir);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: executing: %s\n", func, cmdline));

        ret = exec_cmd(cmdline, &flist);
        if (ret != 0 || check_cmdline(flist) == BAM_ERROR) {
                bam_error(_("boot-archive creation FAILED, command: '%s'\n"),
                    cmdline);
                dump_errormsg(flist);
                filelist_free(&flist);
                (void) unlink(tempname);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        filelist_free(&flist);

        if (check_archive(tempname) == BAM_ERROR)
                return (BAM_ERROR);

        return (do_archive_copy(tempname, archive));
}

static int
mkisofs_archive(char *root, int what)
{
        int             ret;
        char            temp[PATH_MAX];
        char            bootblk[PATH_MAX];
        char            boot_archive[PATH_MAX];

        if (what == FILE64 && !is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET))
                ret = snprintf(temp, sizeof (temp),
                    "%s%s%s/amd64/archive-new-%d", root, ARCHIVE_PREFIX,
                    get_machine(), getpid());
        else
                ret = snprintf(temp, sizeof (temp), "%s%s%s/archive-new-%d",
                    root, ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(), getpid());

        if (ret >= sizeof (temp))
                goto out_path_err;

        if (what == FILE64 && !is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET))
                ret = snprintf(boot_archive, sizeof (boot_archive),
                    "%s%s%s/amd64%s", root, ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(),
                    ARCHIVE_SUFFIX);
        else
                ret = snprintf(boot_archive, sizeof (boot_archive),
                    "%s%s%s%s", root, ARCHIVE_PREFIX, get_machine(),
                    ARCHIVE_SUFFIX);

        if (ret >= sizeof (boot_archive))
                goto out_path_err;

        bam_print("updating %s\n", boot_archive);

        if (is_flag_on(IS_SPARC_TARGET)) {
                ret = snprintf(bootblk, sizeof (bootblk),
                    "%s/platform/%s/lib/fs/hsfs/bootblk", root, get_machine());
                if (ret >= sizeof (bootblk))
                        goto out_path_err;

                ret = create_sparc_archive(boot_archive, temp, bootblk,
                    get_cachedir(what));
        } else {
                if (!is_dir_flag_on(what, NO_MULTI)) {
                        if (bam_verbose)
                                bam_print("Attempting to extend x86 archive: "
                                    "%s\n", boot_archive);

                        ret = extend_iso_archive(boot_archive, temp,
                            get_updatedir(what));
                        if (ret == BAM_SUCCESS) {
                                if (bam_verbose)
                                        bam_print("Successfully extended %s\n",
                                            boot_archive);

                                (void) rmdir_r(get_updatedir(what));
                                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
                        }
                }
                /*
                 * The boot archive will be recreated from scratch. We get here
                 * if at least one of these conditions is true:
                 * - bootadm was called without the -e switch
                 * - the archive (or the archive cache) doesn't exist
                 * - archive size is bigger than BA_SIZE_MAX
                 * - more than COUNT_MAX files need to be updated
                 * - an error occourred either populating the /updates directory
                 *   or extend_iso_archive() failed
                 */
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_print("Unable to extend %s... rebuilding archive\n",
                            boot_archive);

                if (get_updatedir(what)[0] != '\0')
                        (void) rmdir_r(get_updatedir(what));


                ret = create_x86_archive(boot_archive, temp,
                    get_cachedir(what));
        }

        if (digest_archive(boot_archive) == BAM_ERROR && bam_verbose)
                bam_print("boot archive hashing failed\n");

        if (ret == BAM_SUCCESS && bam_verbose)
                bam_print("Successfully created %s\n", boot_archive);

        return (ret);

out_path_err:
        bam_error(_("unable to create path on mountpoint %s, path too long\n"),
            root);
        return (BAM_ERROR);
}

static error_t
create_ramdisk(char *root)
{
        char *cmdline, path[PATH_MAX];
        size_t len;
        struct stat sb;
        int ret, what, status = BAM_SUCCESS;

        /* If there is mkisofs, use it to create the required archives */
        if (is_mkisofs()) {
                for (what = FILE32; what < CACHEDIR_NUM; what++) {
                        if (has_cachedir(what) && is_dir_flag_on(what,
                            NEED_UPDATE)) {
                                ret = mkisofs_archive(root, what);
                                if (ret != 0)
                                        status = BAM_ERROR;
                        }
                }
                return (status);
        }

        /*
         * Else setup command args for create_ramdisk.ksh for the UFS archives
         * Note: we will not create hash here, CREATE_RAMDISK should create it.
         */
        if (bam_verbose)
                bam_print("mkisofs not found, creating UFS archive\n");

        (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s/%s", root, CREATE_RAMDISK);
        if (stat(path, &sb) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("archive creation file not found: %s: %s\n"),
                    path, strerror(errno));
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        if (is_safe_exec(path) == BAM_ERROR)
                return (BAM_ERROR);

        len = strlen(path) + strlen(root) + 10; /* room for space + -R */
        if (bam_alt_platform)
                len += strlen(bam_platform) + strlen("-p ");
        cmdline = s_calloc(1, len);

        if (bam_alt_platform) {
                assert(strlen(root) > 1);
                (void) snprintf(cmdline, len, "%s -p %s -R %s",
                    path, bam_platform, root);
                /* chop off / at the end */
                cmdline[strlen(cmdline) - 1] = '\0';
        } else if (strlen(root) > 1) {
                (void) snprintf(cmdline, len, "%s -R %s", path, root);
                /* chop off / at the end */
                cmdline[strlen(cmdline) - 1] = '\0';
        } else
                (void) snprintf(cmdline, len, "%s", path);

        if (exec_cmd(cmdline, NULL) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("boot-archive creation FAILED, command: '%s'\n"),
                    cmdline);
                free(cmdline);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }
        free(cmdline);
        /*
         * The existence of the expected archives used to be
         * verified here. This check is done in create_ramdisk as
         * it needs to be in sync with the altroot operated upon.
         */
        return (BAM_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 * Checks if target filesystem is on a ramdisk
 * 1 - is miniroot
 * 0 - is not
 * When in doubt assume it is not a ramdisk.
 */
static int
is_ramdisk(char *root)
{
        struct extmnttab mnt;
        FILE *fp;
        int found;
        char mntpt[PATH_MAX];
        char *cp;

        /*
         * There are 3 situations where creating archive is
         * of dubious value:
         *      - create boot_archive on a lofi-mounted boot_archive
         *      - create it on a ramdisk which is the root filesystem
         *      - create it on a ramdisk mounted somewhere else
         * The first is not easy to detect and checking for it is not
         * worth it.
         * The other two conditions are handled here
         */
        fp = fopen(MNTTAB, "r");
        if (fp == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                    MNTTAB, strerror(errno));
                return (0);
        }

        resetmnttab(fp);

        /*
         * Remove any trailing / from the mount point
         */
        (void) strlcpy(mntpt, root, sizeof (mntpt));
        if (strcmp(root, "/") != 0) {
                cp = mntpt + strlen(mntpt) - 1;
                if (*cp == '/')
                        *cp = '\0';
        }
        found = 0;
        while (getextmntent(fp, &mnt, sizeof (mnt)) == 0) {
                if (strcmp(mnt.mnt_mountp, mntpt) == 0) {
                        found = 1;
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (!found) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("alternate root %s not in mnttab\n"),
                            mntpt);
                (void) fclose(fp);
                return (0);
        }

        if (strncmp(mnt.mnt_special, RAMDISK_SPECIAL,
            strlen(RAMDISK_SPECIAL)) == 0) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_error(_("%s is on a ramdisk device\n"), bam_root);
                (void) fclose(fp);
                return (1);
        }

        (void) fclose(fp);

        return (0);
}

static int
is_boot_archive(char *root)
{
        char            path[PATH_MAX];
        struct stat     sb;
        int             error;
        const char      *fcn = "is_boot_archive()";

        /*
         * We can't create an archive without the create_ramdisk script
         */
        (void) snprintf(path, sizeof (path), "%s/%s", root, CREATE_RAMDISK);
        error = stat(path, &sb);
        INJECT_ERROR1("NOT_ARCHIVE_BASED", error = -1);
        if (error == -1) {
                if (bam_verbose)
                        bam_print(_("file not found: %s\n"), path);
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: not a boot archive based Solaris "
                    "instance: %s\n", fcn, root));
                return (0);
        }

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: *IS* a boot archive based Solaris instance: %s\n",
            fcn, root));
        return (1);
}

int
is_zfs(char *root)
{
        struct statvfs          vfs;
        int                     ret;
        const char              *fcn = "is_zfs()";

        ret = statvfs(root, &vfs);
        INJECT_ERROR1("STATVFS_ZFS", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                bam_error(_("statvfs failed for %s: %s\n"), root,
                    strerror(errno));
                return (0);
        }

        if (strncmp(vfs.f_basetype, "zfs", strlen("zfs")) == 0) {
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: is a ZFS filesystem: %s\n", fcn, root));
                return (1);
        } else {
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: is *NOT* a ZFS filesystem: %s\n", fcn, root));
                return (0);
        }
}

static int
is_readonly(char *root)
{
        int             fd;
        int             error;
        char            testfile[PATH_MAX];
        const char      *fcn = "is_readonly()";

        /*
         * Using statvfs() to check for a read-only filesystem is not
         * reliable. The only way to reliably test is to attempt to
         * create a file
         */
        (void) snprintf(testfile, sizeof (testfile), "%s/%s.%d",
            root, BOOTADM_RDONLY_TEST, getpid());

        (void) unlink(testfile);

        errno = 0;
        fd = open(testfile, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0644);
        error = errno;
        INJECT_ERROR2("RDONLY_TEST_ERROR", fd = -1, error = EACCES);
        if (fd == -1 && error == EROFS) {
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: is a READONLY filesystem: %s\n", fcn, root));
                return (1);
        } else if (fd == -1) {
                bam_error(_("error during read-only test on %s: %s\n"),
                    root, strerror(error));
        }

        (void) close(fd);
        (void) unlink(testfile);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: is a RDWR filesystem: %s\n", fcn, root));
        return (0);
}

static error_t
update_archive(char *root, char *opt)
{
        error_t ret;

        assert(root);
        assert(opt == NULL);

        init_walk_args();
        (void) umask(022);

        /*
         * Never update non-BE root in update_all
         */
        if (!is_be(root) && bam_update_all)
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        /*
         * root must belong to a boot archive based OS,
         */
        if (!is_boot_archive(root)) {
                /*
                 * Emit message only if not in context of update_all.
                 * If in update_all, emit only if verbose flag is set.
                 */
                if (!bam_update_all || bam_verbose)
                        bam_print(_("%s: not a boot archive based Solaris "
                            "instance\n"), root);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        /*
         * If smf check is requested when / is writable (can happen
         * on first reboot following an upgrade because service
         * dependency is messed up), skip the check.
         */
        if (bam_smf_check && !bam_root_readonly && !is_zfs(root))
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);

        /*
         * Don't generate archive on ramdisk.
         */
        if (is_ramdisk(root))
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);

        /*
         * root must be writable. This check applies to alternate
         * root (-R option); bam_root_readonly applies to '/' only.
         * The behaviour translates into being the one of a 'check'.
         */
        if (!bam_smf_check && !bam_check && is_readonly(root)) {
                set_flag(RDONLY_FSCHK);
                bam_check = 1;
        }

        /*
         * Now check if an update is really needed.
         */
        ret = update_required(root);

        /*
         * The check command (-n) is *not* a dry run.
         * It only checks if the archive is in sync.
         * A readonly filesystem has to be considered an error only if an update
         * is required.
         */
        if (bam_nowrite()) {
                if (is_flag_on(RDONLY_FSCHK)) {
                        bam_check = bam_saved_check;
                        if (ret > 0)
                                bam_error(_("%s filesystem is read-only, "
                                    "skipping archives update\n"), root);
                        if (bam_update_all)
                                return ((ret != 0) ? BAM_ERROR : BAM_SUCCESS);
                }

                bam_exit((ret != 0) ? 1 : 0);
        }

        if (ret == 1) {
                /* create the ramdisk */
                ret = create_ramdisk(root);
        }

        /*
         * if the archive is updated, save the new stat data and update the
         * timestamp file
         */
        if (ret == 0 && walk_arg.new_nvlp != NULL) {
                savenew(root);
                update_timestamp(root);
        }

        clear_walk_args();

        return (ret);
}

static error_t
update_all(char *root, char *opt)
{
        struct extmnttab mnt;
        struct stat sb;
        FILE *fp;
        char multibt[PATH_MAX];
        char creatram[PATH_MAX];
        error_t ret = BAM_SUCCESS;

        assert(root);
        assert(opt == NULL);

        if (bam_rootlen != 1 || *root != '/') {
                elide_trailing_slash(root, multibt, sizeof (multibt));
                bam_error(_("an alternate root (%s) cannot be used with this "
                    "sub-command\n"), multibt);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }

        /*
         * First update archive for current root
         */
        if (update_archive(root, opt) != BAM_SUCCESS)
                ret = BAM_ERROR;

        if (ret == BAM_ERROR)
                goto out;

        /*
         * Now walk the mount table, performing archive update
         * for all mounted Newboot root filesystems
         */
        fp = fopen(MNTTAB, "r");
        if (fp == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                    MNTTAB, strerror(errno));
                ret = BAM_ERROR;
                goto out;
        }

        resetmnttab(fp);

        while (getextmntent(fp, &mnt, sizeof (mnt)) == 0) {
                if (mnt.mnt_special == NULL)
                        continue;
                if ((strcmp(mnt.mnt_fstype, MNTTYPE_ZFS) != 0) &&
                    (strncmp(mnt.mnt_special, "/dev/", strlen("/dev/")) != 0))
                        continue;
                if (strcmp(mnt.mnt_mountp, "/") == 0)
                        continue;

                (void) snprintf(creatram, sizeof (creatram), "%s/%s",
                    mnt.mnt_mountp, CREATE_RAMDISK);

                if (stat(creatram, &sb) == -1)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * We put a trailing slash to be consistent with root = "/"
                 * case, such that we don't have to print // in some cases.
                 */
                (void) snprintf(rootbuf, sizeof (rootbuf), "%s/",
                    mnt.mnt_mountp);
                bam_rootlen = strlen(rootbuf);

                /*
                 * It's possible that other mounts may be an alternate boot
                 * architecture, so check it again.
                 */
                if ((get_boot_cap(rootbuf) != BAM_SUCCESS) ||
                    (update_archive(rootbuf, opt) != BAM_SUCCESS))
                        ret = BAM_ERROR;
        }

        (void) fclose(fp);

out:
        /*
         * We no longer use biosdev for Live Upgrade. Hence
         * there is no need to defer (to shutdown time) any fdisk
         * updates
         */
        if (stat(GRUB_fdisk, &sb) == 0 || stat(GRUB_fdisk_target, &sb) == 0) {
                bam_error(_("Deferred FDISK update file(s) found: %s, %s. "
                    "Not supported.\n"), GRUB_fdisk, GRUB_fdisk_target);
        }

        return (ret);
}

static char *
get_mountpoint(char *special, char *fstype)
{
        FILE            *mntfp;
        struct mnttab   mp = {0};
        struct mnttab   mpref = {0};
        int             error;
        int             ret;
        const char      *fcn = "get_mountpoint()";

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: entered. args: %s %s\n", fcn, special, fstype));

        mntfp = fopen(MNTTAB, "r");
        error = errno;
        INJECT_ERROR1("MNTTAB_ERR_GET_MNTPT", mntfp = NULL);
        if (mntfp == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"),
                    MNTTAB, strerror(error));
                return (NULL);
        }

        mpref.mnt_special = special;
        mpref.mnt_fstype = fstype;

        ret = getmntany(mntfp, &mp, &mpref);
        INJECT_ERROR1("GET_MOUNTPOINT_MNTANY", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                (void) fclose(mntfp);
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: no mount-point for special=%s and "
                    "fstype=%s\n", fcn, special, fstype));
                return (NULL);
        }
        (void) fclose(mntfp);

        assert(mp.mnt_mountp);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: returning mount-point for special %s: %s\n",
            fcn, special, mp.mnt_mountp));

        return (s_strdup(mp.mnt_mountp));
}

/*
 * Mounts a "legacy" top dataset (if needed)
 * Returns:     The mountpoint of the legacy top dataset or NULL on error
 *              mnted returns one of the above values defined for zfs_mnted_t
 */
static char *
mount_legacy_dataset(char *pool, zfs_mnted_t *mnted)
{
        char            cmd[PATH_MAX];
        char            tmpmnt[PATH_MAX];
        filelist_t      flist = {0};
        char            *is_mounted;
        struct stat     sb;
        int             ret;
        const char      *fcn = "mount_legacy_dataset()";

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: entered. arg: %s\n", fcn, pool));

        *mnted = ZFS_MNT_ERROR;

        (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd),
            "/sbin/zfs get -Ho value mounted %s",
            pool);

        ret = exec_cmd(cmd, &flist);
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_LEG_GET_MOUNTED_CMD", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                bam_error(_("failed to determine mount status of ZFS "
                    "pool %s\n"), pool);
                return (NULL);
        }

        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_LEG_GET_MOUNTED_OUT", flist.head = NULL);
        if ((flist.head == NULL) || (flist.head != flist.tail)) {
                bam_error(_("ZFS pool %s has bad mount status\n"), pool);
                filelist_free(&flist);
                return (NULL);
        }

        is_mounted = strtok(flist.head->line, " \t\n");
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_LEG_GET_MOUNTED_STRTOK_YES", is_mounted = "yes");
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_LEG_GET_MOUNTED_STRTOK_NO", is_mounted = "no");
        if (strcmp(is_mounted, "no") != 0) {
                filelist_free(&flist);
                *mnted = LEGACY_ALREADY;
                /* get_mountpoint returns a strdup'ed string */
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: legacy pool %s already mounted\n",
                    fcn, pool));
                return (get_mountpoint(pool, "zfs"));
        }

        filelist_free(&flist);

        /*
         * legacy top dataset is not mounted. Mount it now
         * First create a mountpoint.
         */
        (void) snprintf(tmpmnt, sizeof (tmpmnt), "%s.%d",
            ZFS_LEGACY_MNTPT, getpid());

        ret = stat(tmpmnt, &sb);
        if (ret == -1) {
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: legacy pool %s mount-point %s absent\n",
                    fcn, pool, tmpmnt));
                ret = mkdirp(tmpmnt, DIR_PERMS);
                INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_LEG_MNTPT_MKDIRP", ret = -1);
                if (ret == -1) {
                        bam_error(_("mkdir of %s failed: %s\n"), tmpmnt,
                            strerror(errno));
                        return (NULL);
                }
        } else {
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: legacy pool %s mount-point %s is already "
                    "present\n", fcn, pool, tmpmnt));
        }

        (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd),
            "/sbin/mount -F zfs %s %s",
            pool, tmpmnt);

        ret = exec_cmd(cmd, NULL);
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_LEG_MOUNT_CMD", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                bam_error(_("mount of ZFS pool %s failed\n"), pool);
                (void) rmdir(tmpmnt);
                return (NULL);
        }

        *mnted = LEGACY_MOUNTED;
        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: legacy pool %s successfully mounted at %s\n",
            fcn, pool, tmpmnt));
        return (s_strdup(tmpmnt));
}

/*
 * Mounts the top dataset (if needed)
 * Returns:     The mountpoint of the top dataset or NULL on error
 *              mnted returns one of the above values defined for zfs_mnted_t
 */
char *
mount_top_dataset(char *pool, zfs_mnted_t *mnted)
{
        char            cmd[PATH_MAX];
        filelist_t      flist = {0};
        char            *is_mounted;
        char            *mntpt;
        char            *zmntpt;
        int             ret;
        const char      *fcn = "mount_top_dataset()";

        *mnted = ZFS_MNT_ERROR;

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: entered. arg: %s\n", fcn, pool));

        /*
         * First check if the top dataset is a "legacy" dataset
         */
        (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd),
            "/sbin/zfs get -Ho value mountpoint %s",
            pool);
        ret = exec_cmd(cmd, &flist);
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_GET_MNTPT", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                bam_error(_("failed to determine mount point of ZFS pool %s\n"),
                    pool);
                return (NULL);
        }

        if (flist.head && (flist.head == flist.tail)) {
                char *legacy = strtok(flist.head->line, " \t\n");
                if (legacy && strcmp(legacy, "legacy") == 0) {
                        filelist_free(&flist);
                        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: is legacy, pool=%s\n", fcn, pool));
                        return (mount_legacy_dataset(pool, mnted));
                }
        }

        filelist_free(&flist);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: is *NOT* legacy, pool=%s\n", fcn, pool));

        (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd),
            "/sbin/zfs get -Ho value mounted %s",
            pool);

        ret = exec_cmd(cmd, &flist);
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_GET_MOUNTED", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                bam_error(_("failed to determine mount status of ZFS "
                    "pool %s\n"), pool);
                return (NULL);
        }

        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_GET_MOUNTED_VAL", flist.head = NULL);
        if ((flist.head == NULL) || (flist.head != flist.tail)) {
                bam_error(_("ZFS pool %s has bad mount status\n"), pool);
                filelist_free(&flist);
                return (NULL);
        }

        is_mounted = strtok(flist.head->line, " \t\n");
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_GET_MOUNTED_YES", is_mounted = "yes");
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_GET_MOUNTED_NO", is_mounted = "no");
        if (strcmp(is_mounted, "no") != 0) {
                filelist_free(&flist);
                *mnted = ZFS_ALREADY;
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: non-legacy pool %s mounted already\n",
                    fcn, pool));
                goto mounted;
        }

        filelist_free(&flist);
        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: non-legacy pool %s *NOT* already mounted\n",
            fcn, pool));

        /* top dataset is not mounted. Mount it now */
        (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd),
            "/sbin/zfs mount %s", pool);
        ret = exec_cmd(cmd, NULL);
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_MOUNT_CMD", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                bam_error(_("mount of ZFS pool %s failed\n"), pool);
                return (NULL);
        }
        *mnted = ZFS_MOUNTED;
        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: non-legacy pool %s mounted now\n", fcn, pool));
        /*FALLTHRU*/
mounted:
        /*
         * Now get the mountpoint
         */
        (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd),
            "/sbin/zfs get -Ho value mountpoint %s",
            pool);

        ret = exec_cmd(cmd, &flist);
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_GET_MNTPT_CMD", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                bam_error(_("failed to determine mount point of ZFS pool %s\n"),
                    pool);
                goto error;
        }

        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_GET_MNTPT_OUT", flist.head = NULL);
        if ((flist.head == NULL) || (flist.head != flist.tail)) {
                bam_error(_("ZFS pool %s has no mount-point\n"), pool);
                goto error;
        }

        mntpt = strtok(flist.head->line, " \t\n");
        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_MOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_GET_MNTPT_STRTOK", mntpt = "foo");
        if (*mntpt != '/') {
                bam_error(_("ZFS pool %s has bad mount-point %s\n"),
                    pool, mntpt);
                goto error;
        }
        zmntpt = s_strdup(mntpt);

        filelist_free(&flist);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: non-legacy pool %s is mounted at %s\n",
            fcn, pool, zmntpt));

        return (zmntpt);

error:
        filelist_free(&flist);
        (void) umount_top_dataset(pool, *mnted, NULL);
        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: returning FAILURE\n", fcn));
        return (NULL);
}

int
umount_top_dataset(char *pool, zfs_mnted_t mnted, char *mntpt)
{
        char            cmd[PATH_MAX];
        int             ret;
        const char      *fcn = "umount_top_dataset()";

        INJECT_ERROR1("Z_UMOUNT_TOP_INVALID_STATE", mnted = ZFS_MNT_ERROR);
        switch (mnted) {
        case LEGACY_ALREADY:
        case ZFS_ALREADY:
                /* nothing to do */
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: pool %s was already mounted at %s, Nothing "
                    "to umount\n", fcn, pool, mntpt ? mntpt : "NULL"));
                free(mntpt);
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        case LEGACY_MOUNTED:
                (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd),
                    "/sbin/umount %s", pool);
                ret = exec_cmd(cmd, NULL);
                INJECT_ERROR1("Z_UMOUNT_TOP_LEGACY_UMOUNT_FAIL", ret = 1);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        bam_error(_("umount of %s failed\n"), pool);
                        free(mntpt);
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
                if (mntpt)
                        (void) rmdir(mntpt);
                free(mntpt);
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: legacy pool %s was mounted by us, "
                    "successfully unmounted\n", fcn, pool));
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        case ZFS_MOUNTED:
                free(mntpt);
                (void) snprintf(cmd, sizeof (cmd),
                    "/sbin/zfs unmount %s", pool);
                ret = exec_cmd(cmd, NULL);
                INJECT_ERROR1("Z_UMOUNT_TOP_NONLEG_UMOUNT_FAIL", ret = 1);
                if (ret != 0) {
                        bam_error(_("umount of %s failed\n"), pool);
                        return (BAM_ERROR);
                }
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: nonleg pool %s was mounted by us, "
                    "successfully unmounted\n", fcn, pool));
                return (BAM_SUCCESS);
        default:
                bam_error(_("Internal error: bad saved mount state for "
                    "pool %s\n"), pool);
                return (BAM_ERROR);
        }
        /*NOTREACHED*/
}

char *
get_special(char *mountp)
{
        FILE            *mntfp;
        struct mnttab   mp = {0};
        struct mnttab   mpref = {0};
        int             error;
        int             ret;
        const char      *fcn = "get_special()";

        INJECT_ERROR1("GET_SPECIAL_MNTPT", mountp = NULL);
        if (mountp == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("cannot get special file: NULL mount-point\n"));
                return (NULL);
        }

        mntfp = fopen(MNTTAB, "r");
        error = errno;
        INJECT_ERROR1("GET_SPECIAL_MNTTAB_OPEN", mntfp = NULL);
        if (mntfp == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("failed to open file: %s: %s\n"), MNTTAB,
                    strerror(error));
                return (NULL);
        }

        if (*mountp == '\0')
                mpref.mnt_mountp = "/";
        else
                mpref.mnt_mountp = mountp;

        ret = getmntany(mntfp, &mp, &mpref);
        INJECT_ERROR1("GET_SPECIAL_MNTTAB_SEARCH", ret = 1);
        if (ret != 0) {
                (void) fclose(mntfp);
                BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: Cannot get special file:  mount-point %s "
                    "not in mnttab\n", fcn, mountp));
                return (NULL);
        }
        (void) fclose(mntfp);

        BAM_DPRINTF(("%s: returning special: %s\n", fcn, mp.mnt_special));

        return (s_strdup(mp.mnt_special));
}

static void
line_free(line_t *lp)
{
        if (lp == NULL)
                return;

        free(lp->cmd);
        free(lp->sep);
        free(lp->arg);
        free(lp->line);
        free(lp);
}

static void
linelist_free(line_t *start)
{
        line_t *lp;

        while (start) {
                lp = start;
                start = start->next;
                line_free(lp);
        }
}

static void
filelist_free(filelist_t *flistp)
{
        linelist_free(flistp->head);
        flistp->head = NULL;
        flistp->tail = NULL;
}

/*
 * Utility routines
 */


/*
 * Returns 0 on success
 * Any other value indicates an error
 */
static int
exec_cmd(char *cmdline, filelist_t *flistp)
{
        char buf[BUFSIZ];
        int ret;
        FILE *ptr;
        sigset_t set;
        void (*disp)(int);

        /*
         * For security
         * - only absolute paths are allowed
         * - set IFS to space and tab
         */
        if (*cmdline != '/') {
                bam_error(_("path is not absolute: %s\n"), cmdline);
                return (-1);
        }
        (void) putenv("IFS= \t");

        /*
         * We may have been exec'ed with SIGCHLD blocked
         * unblock it here
         */
        (void) sigemptyset(&set);
        (void) sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
        if (sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL) != 0) {
                bam_error(_("cannot unblock SIGCHLD: %s\n"), strerror(errno));
                return (-1);
        }

        /*
         * Set SIGCHLD disposition to SIG_DFL for popen/pclose
         */
        disp = sigset(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
        if (disp == SIG_ERR) {
                bam_error(_("cannot set SIGCHLD disposition: %s\n"),
                    strerror(errno));
                return (-1);
        }
        if (disp == SIG_HOLD) {
                bam_error(_("SIGCHLD signal blocked. Cannot exec: %s\n"),
                    cmdline);
                return (-1);
        }

        ptr = popen(cmdline, "r");
        if (ptr == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("popen failed: %s: %s\n"), cmdline,
                    strerror(errno));
                return (-1);
        }

        /*
         * If we simply do a pclose() following a popen(), pclose()
         * will close the reader end of the pipe immediately even
         * if the child process has not started/exited. pclose()
         * does wait for cmd to terminate before returning though.
         * When the executed command writes its output to the pipe
         * there is no reader process and the command dies with
         * SIGPIPE. To avoid this we read repeatedly until read
         * terminates with EOF. This indicates that the command
         * (writer) has closed the pipe and we can safely do a
         * pclose().
         *
         * Since pclose() does wait for the command to exit,
         * we can safely reap the exit status of the command
         * from the value returned by pclose()
         */
        while (s_fgets(buf, sizeof (buf), ptr) != NULL) {
                if (flistp == NULL) {
                        /* s_fgets strips newlines, so insert them at the end */
                        bam_print(_("%s\n"), buf);
                } else {
                        append_to_flist(flistp, buf);
                }
        }

        ret = pclose(ptr);
        if (ret == -1) {
                bam_error(_("pclose failed: %s: %s\n"), cmdline,
                    strerror(errno));
                return (-1);
        }

        if (WIFEXITED(ret)) {
                return (WEXITSTATUS(ret));
        } else {
                bam_error(_("command terminated abnormally: %s: %d\n"),
                    cmdline, ret);
                return (-1);
        }
}

/*
 * Since this function returns -1 on error
 * it cannot be used to convert -1. However,
 * that is sufficient for what we need.
 */
static long
s_strtol(char *str)
{
        long l;
        char *res = NULL;

        if (str == NULL) {
                return (-1);
        }

        errno = 0;
        l = strtol(str, &res, 10);
        if (errno || *res != '\0') {
                return (-1);
        }

        return (l);
}

/*
 * Wrapper around fgets, that strips newlines returned by fgets
 */
char *
s_fgets(char *buf, int buflen, FILE *fp)
{
        int n;

        buf = fgets(buf, buflen, fp);
        if (buf) {
                n = strlen(buf);
                if (n == buflen - 1 && buf[n-1] != '\n')
                        bam_error(_("the following line is too long "
                            "(> %d chars)\n\t%s\n"), buflen - 1, buf);
                buf[n-1] = (buf[n-1] == '\n') ? '\0' : buf[n-1];
        }

        return (buf);
}

void *
s_calloc(size_t nelem, size_t sz)
{
        void *ptr;

        ptr = calloc(nelem, sz);
        if (ptr == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("could not allocate memory: size = %u\n"),
                    nelem*sz);
                bam_exit(1);
        }
        return (ptr);
}

void *
s_realloc(void *ptr, size_t sz)
{
        ptr = realloc(ptr, sz);
        if (ptr == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("could not allocate memory: size = %u\n"), sz);
                bam_exit(1);
        }
        return (ptr);
}

char *
s_strdup(char *str)
{
        char *ptr;

        if (str == NULL)
                return (NULL);

        ptr = strdup(str);
        if (ptr == NULL) {
                bam_error(_("could not allocate memory: size = %u\n"),
                    strlen(str) + 1);
                bam_exit(1);
        }
        return (ptr);
}

/*
 * Returns 1 if amd64 (or sparc, for syncing x86 diskless clients)
 * Returns 0 otherwise
 */
static int
is_amd64(void)
{
        static int amd64 = -1;
        char isabuf[257];       /* from sysinfo(2) manpage */

        if (amd64 != -1)
                return (amd64);

        if (bam_alt_platform) {
                if (strcmp(bam_platform, "i86pc") == 0) {
                        amd64 = 1;              /* diskless server */
                }
        } else {
                if (sysinfo(SI_ISALIST, isabuf, sizeof (isabuf)) > 0 &&
                    strncmp(isabuf, "amd64 ", strlen("amd64 ")) == 0) {
                        amd64 = 1;
                } else if (strstr(isabuf, "i386") == NULL) {
                        amd64 = 1;              /* diskless server */
                }
        }
        if (amd64 == -1)
                amd64 = 0;

        return (amd64);
}

static char *
get_machine(void)
{
        static int cached = -1;
        static char mbuf[257];  /* from sysinfo(2) manpage */

        if (cached == 0)
                return (mbuf);

        if (bam_alt_platform) {
                return (bam_platform);
        } else {
                if (sysinfo(SI_MACHINE, mbuf, sizeof (mbuf)) > 0) {
                        cached = 1;
                }
        }
        if (cached == -1) {
                mbuf[0] = '\0';
                cached = 0;
        }

        return (mbuf);
}

int
is_sparc(void)
{
        static int issparc = -1;
        char mbuf[257]; /* from sysinfo(2) manpage */

        if (issparc != -1)
                return (issparc);

        if (bam_alt_platform) {
                if (strncmp(bam_platform, "sun4", 4) == 0) {
                        issparc = 1;
                }
        } else {
                if (sysinfo(SI_ARCHITECTURE, mbuf, sizeof (mbuf)) > 0 &&
                    strcmp(mbuf, "sparc") == 0) {
                        issparc = 1;
                }
        }
        if (issparc == -1)
                issparc = 0;

        return (issparc);
}

static void
append_to_flist(filelist_t *flistp, char *s)
{
        line_t *lp;

        lp = s_calloc(1, sizeof (line_t));
        lp->line = s_strdup(s);
        if (flistp->head == NULL)
                flistp->head = lp;
        else
                flistp->tail->next = lp;
        flistp->tail = lp;
}

#if !defined(_OBP)

UCODE_VENDORS;

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
ucode_install(char *root)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; ucode_vendors[i].filestr != NULL; i++) {
                int cmd_len = PATH_MAX + 256;
                char cmd[PATH_MAX + 256];
                char file[PATH_MAX];
                char timestamp[PATH_MAX];
                struct stat fstatus, tstatus;
                struct utimbuf u_times;

                (void) snprintf(file, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s/%s-ucode.%s",
                    bam_root, UCODE_INSTALL_PATH, ucode_vendors[i].filestr,
                    ucode_vendors[i].extstr);

                if (stat(file, &fstatus) != 0 || !(S_ISREG(fstatus.st_mode)))
                        continue;

                (void) snprintf(timestamp, PATH_MAX, "%s.ts", file);

                if (stat(timestamp, &tstatus) == 0 &&
                    fstatus.st_mtime <= tstatus.st_mtime)
                        continue;

                (void) snprintf(cmd, cmd_len, "/usr/sbin/ucodeadm -i -R "
                    "%s/%s/%s %s > /dev/null 2>&1", bam_root,
                    UCODE_INSTALL_PATH, ucode_vendors[i].vendorstr, file);
                if (system(cmd) != 0)
                        return;

                if (creat(timestamp, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) == -1)
                        return;

                u_times.actime = fstatus.st_atime;
                u_times.modtime = fstatus.st_mtime;
                (void) utime(timestamp, &u_times);
        }
}
#endif