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47 .TH WHO 1 "Oct 25, 2017"
48 .SH NAME
49 who \- who is on the system
50 .SH SYNOPSIS
51 .LP
52 .nf
53 \fB/usr/bin/who\fR [\fB-abdHlmpqrtTu\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
54 .fi
56 .LP
57 .nf
58 \fB/usr/bin/who\fR \fB-q\fR [\fB-n\fR \fIx\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
59 .fi
61 .LP
62 .nf
63 \fB/usr/bin/who\fR \fB-s\fR [\fB-bdHlmpqrtu\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
64 .fi
66 .LP
67 .nf
68 \fB/usr/bin/who\fR am i
69 .fi
71 .LP
72 .nf
73 \fB/usr/bin/who\fR am I
74 .fi
76 .SH DESCRIPTION
77 .LP
78 The \fBwho\fR utility can list the user's name, terminal line, login time,
79 elapsed time since activity occurred on the line, and the process-ID of the
80 command interpreter (shell) for each current UNIX system user. It examines the
81 \fB/var/log/utmpx\fR file to obtain its information. If \fIfile\fR is given,
82 that file (which must be in \fButmpx\fR(4) format) is examined. Usually,
83 \fIfile\fR will be \fB/var/log/wtmpx\fR, which contains a history of all the
84 logins since the file was last created.
85 .sp
86 .LP
87 The general format for output is:
88 .sp
89 .in +2
90 .nf
91 \fIname\fR [\fIstate\fR] \fIline time\fR [\fIidle\fR] [\fIpid\fR] [\fIcomment\fR] [\fIexit\fR]
92 .fi
93 .in -2
94 .sp
96 .sp
97 .LP
98 where:
99 .sp
100 .ne 2
101 .na
102 \fB\fIname\fR \fR
103 .ad
104 .RS 12n
105 User's login name
106 .RE
108 .sp
109 .ne 2
110 .na
111 \fB\fIstate\fR \fR
112 .ad
113 .RS 12n
114 Capability of writing to the terminal
115 .RE
117 .sp
118 .ne 2
119 .na
120 \fB\fIline\fR \fR
121 .ad
122 .RS 12n
123 Name of the line found in \fB/dev\fR
124 .RE
126 .sp
127 .ne 2
128 .na
129 \fB\fItime\fR \fR
130 .ad
131 .RS 12n
132 Time since user's login
133 .RE
135 .sp
136 .ne 2
137 .na
138 \fB\fIidle\fR \fR
139 .ad
140 .RS 12n
141 Time elapsed since the user's last activity
142 .RE
144 .sp
145 .ne 2
146 .na
147 \fB\fIpid\fR \fR
148 .ad
149 .RS 12n
150 User's process id
151 .RE
153 .sp
154 .ne 2
155 .na
156 \fB\fIcomment\fR \fR
157 .ad
158 .RS 12n
159 Comment line in \fBinittab\fR(4)
160 .RE
162 .sp
163 .ne 2
164 .na
165 \fB\fIexit\fR \fR
166 .ad
167 .RS 12n
168 Exit status for dead processes
169 .RE
171 .SH OPTIONS
172 .LP
173 The following options are supported:
174 .sp
175 .ne 2
176 .na
177 \fB\fB-a\fR \fR
178 .ad
179 .RS 9n
180 Processes \fB/var/log/utmpx\fR or the named \fIfile\fR with \fB-b\fR, \fB-d\fR,
181 \fB-l\fR, \fB-p\fR, \fB-r\fR, \fB-t\fR, \fB-T\fR, and \fB-u\fR options turned
182 on.
183 .RE
185 .sp
186 .ne 2
187 .na
188 \fB\fB-b\fR \fR
189 .ad
190 .RS 9n
191 Indicates the time and date of the last reboot.
192 .RE
194 .sp
195 .ne 2
196 .na
197 \fB\fB-d\fR \fR
198 .ad
199 .RS 9n
200 Displays all processes that have expired and not been respawned by \fBinit\fR.
201 The \fBexit\fR field appears for dead processes and contains the termination
202 and exit values of the dead process. This
203 can be useful in determining why a process terminated.
204 .RE
206 .sp
207 .ne 2
208 .na
209 \fB\fB-H\fR \fR
210 .ad
211 .RS 9n
212 Outputs column headings above the regular output.
213 .RE
215 .sp
216 .ne 2
217 .na
218 \fB\fB-l\fR \fR
219 .ad
220 .RS 9n
221 Lists only those lines on which the system is waiting for someone to login. The
222 \fIname\fR field is \fBLOGIN\fR in such cases. Other fields are the same as for
223 user entries except that the \fIstate\fR field does not exist.
224 .RE
226 .sp
227 .ne 2
228 .na
229 \fB\fB-m\fR \fR
230 .ad
231 .RS 9n
232 Outputs only information about the current terminal.
233 .RE
235 .sp
236 .ne 2
237 .na
238 \fB\fB-n\fR \fIx\fR \fR
239 .ad
240 .RS 9n
241 Takes a numeric argument, \fIx\fR, which specifies the number of users to
242 display per line. \fIx\fR must be at least \fB1\fR. The \fB-n\fR option can
243 only be used with \fB-q\fR.
244 .RE
246 .sp
247 .ne 2
248 .na
249 \fB\fB-p\fR \fR
250 .ad
251 .RS 9n
252 Lists any other process that is currently active and has been previously
253 spawned by \fBinit\fR. The \fIname\fR field is the name of the program executed
254 by \fBinit\fR as found in \fB/sbin/inittab\fR. The \fIstate\fR, \fIline\fR, and
255 \fIidle\fR fields have no meaning. The \fIcomment\fR field shows the \fBid\fR
256 field of the line from \fB/sbin/inittab\fR that spawned this process. See
257 \fBinittab\fR(4).
258 .RE
260 .sp
261 .ne 2
262 .na
263 \fB\fB-q\fR \fR
264 .ad
265 .RS 9n
266 (Quick \fBwho\fR) Displays only the names and the number of users currently
267 logged on. When this option is used, all other options are ignored.
268 .RE
270 .sp
271 .ne 2
272 .na
273 \fB\fB-r\fR \fR
274 .ad
275 .RS 9n
276 Indicates the current \fIrun-level\fR of the \fBinit\fR process.
277 .RE
279 .sp
280 .ne 2
281 .na
282 \fB\fB-s\fR \fR
283 .ad
284 .RS 9n
285 (Default) Lists only the \fIname\fR, \fIline\fR, and \fItime\fR fields.
286 .RE
288 .sp
289 .ne 2
290 .na
291 \fB\fB-T\fR \fR
292 .ad
293 .RS 7n
294 Same as the \fB-s\fR option, except that the \fIstate\fR field is also written.
295 \fIstate\fR is one of the characters listed under the \fB/usr/bin/who\fR
296 version of this option. If the \fB-u\fR option is used with \fB-T\fR, the idle
297 time is added to the end of the previous format.
298 .RE
300 .sp
301 .ne 2
302 .na
303 \fB\fB-t\fR \fR
304 .ad
305 .RS 7n
306 Indicates the last change to the system clock (using the \fBdate\fR utility) by
307 \fBroot\fR. See \fBsu\fR(8) and \fBdate\fR(1).
308 .RE
310 .sp
311 .ne 2
312 .na
313 \fB\fB-u\fR \fR
314 .ad
315 .RS 7n
316 Lists only those users who are currently logged in. The \fIname\fR is the
317 user's login name. The \fIline\fR is the name of the line as found in the
318 directory \fB/dev\fR. The \fItime\fR is the time that the user logged in. The
319 \fIidle\fR column contains the number of hours and minutes since activity last
320 occurred on that particular line. A dot (\fB\&.\fR) indicates that the terminal
321 has seen activity in the last minute and is therefore ``current.'' If more than
322 twenty-four hours have elapsed or the line has not been used since boot time,
323 the entry is marked \fBold\fR. This field is useful when trying to determine
324 whether a person is working at the terminal or not. The \fIpid\fR is the
325 process-ID of the user's shell. The \fIcomment\fR is the comment field
326 associated with this line as found in \fB/sbin/inittab\fR (see
327 \fBinittab\fR(4)). This can contain information about where the terminal is
328 located, the telephone number of the dataset, type of terminal if hard-wired,
329 and so forth.
330 .RE
332 .SH OPERANDS
333 .LP
334 The following operands are supported:
335 .sp
336 .ne 2
337 .na
338 \fB\fBam\fR \fBi\fR \fR
339 .ad
340 .br
341 .na
342 \fB\fBam\fR \fBI\fR \fR
343 .ad
344 .RS 9n
345 In the "C" locale, limits the output to describing the invoking user,
346 equivalent to the \fB-m\fR option. The \fBam\fR and \fBi\fR or \fBI\fR must be
347 separate arguments.
348 .RE
350 .sp
351 .ne 2
352 .na
353 \fB\fIfile\fR \fR
354 .ad
355 .RS 9n
356 Specifies a path name of a file to substitute for the database of logged-on
357 users that \fBwho\fR uses by default.
358 .RE
360 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
361 .LP
362 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
363 that affect the execution of \fBwho\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR,
364 \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, \fBLC_TIME\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
365 .SH EXIT STATUS
366 .LP
367 The following exit values are returned:
368 .sp
369 .ne 2
370 .na
371 \fB\fB0\fR \fR
372 .ad
373 .RS 7n
374 Successful completion.
375 .RE
377 .sp
378 .ne 2
379 .na
380 \fB\fB>0\fR \fR
381 .ad
382 .RS 7n
383 An error occurred.
384 .RE
386 .SH FILES
387 .ne 2
388 .na
389 \fB\fB/sbin/inittab\fR \fR
390 .ad
391 .RS 19n
392 Script for \fBinit\fR
393 .RE
395 .sp
396 .ne 2
397 .na
398 \fB\fB/var/log/utmpx\fR \fR
399 .ad
400 .RS 19n
401 Current user and accounting information
402 .RE
404 .sp
405 .ne 2
406 .na
407 \fB\fB/var/log/wtmpx\fR \fR
408 .ad
409 .RS 19n
410 Historic user and accounting information
411 .RE
413 .SH ATTRIBUTES
414 .LP
415 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
416 .TS
417 box;
418 c | c
419 l | l .
420 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
421 _
422 Interface Stability Standard
423 .TE
425 .SH SEE ALSO
426 .LP
427 \fBdate\fR(1), \fBlogin\fR(1), \fBmesg\fR(1), \fBinit\fR(8), \fBsu\fR(8),
428 \fBinittab\fR(4), \fButmpx\fR(4), \fBattributes\fR(5),
429 \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)
430 .SH NOTES
431 .LP
432 \fBSuperuser:\fR After a shutdown to the single-user state, \fBwho\fR returns a
433 prompt. Since \fB/var/log/utmpx\fR is updated at login time and there is no
434 login in single-user state, \fBwho\fR cannot report accurately on this state.
435 The command, \fBwho\fR \fBam i\fR, however, returns the correct information.