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47 .TH POPEN 3C "Dec 14, 2006"
49 popen, pclose \- initiate a pipe to or from a process
55 \fBFILE *\fR\fBpopen\fR(\fBconst char *\fR\fIcommand\fR, \fBconst char *\fR\fImode\fR);
60 \fBint\fR \fBpclose\fR(\fBFILE *\fR\fIstream\fR);
66 The \fBpopen()\fR function creates a pipe between the calling program and the
67 command to be executed. The arguments to \fBpopen()\fR are pointers to
68 null-terminated strings. The \fIcommand\fR argument consists of a shell
69 command line. The \fImode\fR argument is an I/O mode, either \fBr\fR for
70 reading or \fIw\fR for writing. The value returned is a stream pointer such
71 that one can write to the standard input of the command, if the I/O mode is
72 \fIw\fR, by writing to the file \fIstream\fR (see \fBIntro\fR(3)); and one can
73 read from the standard output of the command, if the I/O mode is \fBr\fR, by
74 reading from the file \fIstream\fR. Because open files are shared, a type
75 \fBr\fR command may be used as an input filter and a type \fIw\fR as an output
76 filter. A trailing \fBF\fR character can also be included in the \fImode\fR
77 argument as described in \fBfopen\fR(3C) to enable extended FILE facility.
80 The environment of the executed command will be as if a child process were
81 created within the \fBpopen()\fR call using \fBfork\fR(2). The child is
82 created as if invoked with the call:
85 \fBexecl("/usr/bin/sh", "sh", "\fR\fB-c\fR\fB", \fR\fIcommand\fR, \fB(char
89 The \fBpclose()\fR function closes a stream opened by \fBpopen()\fR by closing
90 the pipe. It waits for the associated process to terminate and returns the
91 termination status of the process running the command language interpreter.
92 This is the value returned by \fBwaitpid\fR(3C). See \fBwait.h\fR(3HEAD) for
93 more information on termination status. If, however, a call to \fBwaitpid()\fR
94 with a \fIpid\fR argument equal to the process ID of the command line
95 interpreter causes the termination status to be unavailable to \fBpclose()\fR,
96 then \fBpclose()\fR returns \(mi1 with \fBerrno\fR set to \fBECHILD\fR to
97 report this condition.
101 Upon successful completion, \fBpopen()\fR returns a pointer to an open stream
102 that can be used to read or write to the pipe. Otherwise, it returns a null
103 pointer and may set \fBerrno\fR to indicate the error.
106 Upon successful completion, \fBpclose()\fR returns the termination status of
107 the command language interpreter as returned by \fBwaitpid()\fR. Otherwise, it
108 returns \fB\(mi1\fR and sets \fBerrno\fR to indicate the error.
112 The \fBpclose()\fR function will fail if:
119 The status of the child process could not be obtained, as described in the
125 The \fBpopen()\fR function may fail if:
132 There are currently \fBFOPEN_MAX\fR or \fBSTREAM_MAX\fR streams open in the
142 The \fImode\fR argument is invalid.
147 The \fBpopen()\fR function may also set \fBerrno\fR values as described by
148 \fBfork\fR(2) or \fBpipe\fR(2).
152 If the original and \fBpopen()\fR processes concurrently read or write a common
153 file, neither should use buffered I/O. Problems with an output filter may be
154 forestalled by careful buffer flushing, for example, with \fBfflush()\fR (see
155 \fBfclose\fR(3C)). A security hole exists through the \fBIFS\fR and \fBPATH\fR
156 environment variables. Full pathnames should be used (or \fBPATH\fR reset) and
157 \fBIFS\fR should be set to space and tab (\fB" \et"\fR).
160 Even if the process has established a signal handler for \fBSIGCHLD\fR, it will
161 be called when the command terminates. Even if another thread in the same
162 process issues a \fBwait\fR(3C) call, it will interfere with the return value
163 of \fBpclose()\fR. Even if the process's signal handler for \fBSIGCHLD\fR has
164 been set to ignore the signal, there will be no effect on \fBpclose()\fR.
167 \fBExample 1 \fR\fBpopen()\fR example
170 The following program will print on the standard output (see \fBstdio\fR(3C))
171 the names of files in the current directory with a \fB\&.c\fR suffix.
180 char *cmd = "/usr/bin/ls *.c";
184 if ((ptr = popen(cmd, "r")) != NULL) {
185 while (fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, ptr) != NULL)
186 (void) printf("%s", buf);
195 \fBExample 2 \fR\fBsystem()\fR replacement
198 The following function can be used in a multithreaded process in place of the
199 most common usage of the Unsafe \fBsystem\fR(3C) function:
204 int my_system(const char *cmd)
208 if ((p = popen(cmd, "w")) == NULL)
218 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
226 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
228 Interface Stability See below.
235 The \fBF\fR character in the \fImode\fR argument of \fBpopen()\fR is Evolving.
236 In all other respects this function is Standard. The \fBpclose()\fR function is
241 \fBksh\fR(1), \fBpipe\fR(2), \fBfclose\fR(3C), \fBfopen\fR(3C),
242 \fBposix_spawn\fR(3C), \fBstdio\fR(3C), \fBsystem\fR(3C), \fBwait\fR(3C),
243 \fBwaitpid\fR(3C), \fBwait.h\fR(3HEAD), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)