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1 '\" te
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6 .TH ECPP 7D "May 13, 2017"
7 .SH NAME
8 ecpp \- IEEE 1284 compliant parallel port driver
9 .SH SYNOPSIS
10 .LP
11 .nf
12 #include <sys/types.h>
13 .fi
15 .LP
16 .nf
17 #include <sys/ecppio.h>
18 .fi
20 .LP
21 .nf
22 ecpp@unit-address
23 .fi
25 .SH DESCRIPTION
26 .LP
27 The \fBecpp\fR driver provides a bi-directional interface to \fIIEEE 1284\fR
28 compliant devices as well as a forward single-directional interface to
29 Centronics devices. In addition to the Centronics protocol, the \fBecpp\fR
30 driver supports the \fIIEEE 1284\fRCompatibility, Nibble, and ECP protocols.
31 \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR and \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR modes of operation have
32 logically identical handshaking protocols, however devices that support
33 \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR are \fIIEEE 1284\fR compliant devices. \fIIEEE 1284\fR
34 compliant devices support at least \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR and
35 \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR. Centronics devices support only \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR
36 mode.
37 .sp
38 .LP
39 By default, \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR devices have a strobe handshaking pulse
40 width of 500ns. For this mode, forward data transfers are conducted by DMA. By
41 default, the strobe pulse width for \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR devices is two
42 microseconds. Forward transfers for these devices are managed through PIO. The
43 default characteristics for both \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR and
44 \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR devices may be changed through tunable variables defined
45 in \fBecpp.conf\fR.
46 .sp
47 .LP
48 The \fBecpp\fR driver is an \fIexclusive-use\fR device, meaning that if the
49 device is already open, subsequent opens fail with \fBEBUSY\fR.
50 .SS "Default Operation"
51 .LP
52 Each time the \fBecpp\fR device is opened, the device is marked as \fBEBUSY\fR
53 and the configuration variables are set to their default values. The
54 \fBwrite_timeout\fR period is set to 90 seconds.
55 .sp
56 .LP
57 The driver sets the mode variable according to the following algorithm: The
58 driver initially attempts to negotiate the link into \fBECPP_ECP_MODE\fR during
59 \fBopen\fR(2). If it fails, the driver tries to negotiate into
60 \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR mode. If that fails, the driver operates in
61 \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR mode. Upon successfully opening the device, \fIIEEE
62 1284\fR compliant devices will be left idle in either reverse idle phase of
63 \fBECPP_ECP_MODE\fR or in \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR. Subsequent calls to
64 \fBwrite\fR(2) invokes the driver to move the link into either
65 \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR or the forward phase of \fBECPP_ECP_MODE\fR. After the
66 transfer completes, the link returns to idle state.
67 .sp
68 .LP
69 The application may attempt to negotiate the device into a specific mode or set
70 the \fBwrite_timeout\fR values through the \fBECPPIOC_SETPARMS\fR
71 \fBioctl\fR(2) call. For mode negotiation to be successful, both the host
72 workstation and the peripheral must support the requested mode.
73 .SS "Tunables"
74 .LP
75 Characteristics of the \fBecpp\fR driver may be tuned by the variables
76 described in \fB/kernel/drv/ecpp.conf\fR. These variables are read by the
77 kernel during system startup. To tune the variables, edit the \fBecpp.conf\fR
78 file and invoke \fBupdate_drv\fR(8) to have the kernel read the file again.
79 .sp
80 .LP
81 Some Centronics peripherals and certain \fIIEEE 1284\fR compatible peripherals
82 will not operate with the parallel port operating in a fast handshaking mode.
83 If printing problems occur, set "fast-centronics" and "fast-1284-compatible" to
84 "false." See \fB/kernel/drv/ecpp.conf\fR for more information.
85 .SS "Read/Write Operation"
86 .LP
87 The \fBecpp\fR driver is a full duplex STREAMS device driver. While an
88 application is writing to an \fIIEEE 1284\fR compliant device, another thread
89 may read from it.
90 .SS "Write Operation"
91 .LP
92 A \fBwrite\fR(2) operation returns the number of bytes successfully written to
93 the stream head. If a failure occurs while a Centronics device is transferring
94 data, the content of the status bits will be captured at the time of the error
95 and can be retrieved by the application program using the \fBBPPIOC_GETERR\fR
96 \fBioctl\fR(2) call. The captured status information is overwritten each time
97 an attempted transfer or a \fBBPPIOC_TESTIO\fR \fBioctl\fR(2) occurs.
98 .SS "Read Operation"
99 .LP
100 If a failure or error condition occurs during a \fBread\fR(2), the number of
101 bytes successfully read is returned (short read). When attempting to read a
102 port that has no data currently available, \fBread\fR(2) returns \fB0\fR if
103 \fBO_NDELAY\fR is set. If \fBO_NONBLOCK\fR is set, \fBread\fR(2) returns
104 \fB-1\fR and sets errno to \fBEAGAIN.\fR If \fBO_NDELAY\fR and \fBO_NONBLOCK\fR
105 are clear, \fBread\fR(2) blocks until data become available.
106 .SH IOCTLS
107 .LP
108 The \fBioctl\fR(2) calls described below are supported. Note that when
109 \fBecpp\fR is transferring data, the driver waits until the data has been sent
110 to the device before processing the \fBioctl\fR(2) call.
111 .sp
112 .LP
113 The ecpp driver supports \fBprnio\fR(7I) interfaces.
114 .LP
115 Note -
116 .sp
117 .RS 2
118 The \fBPRNIOC_RESET\fR command toggles the \fBnInit\fR signal for 2 ms,
119 followed by default negotiation.
120 .RE
121 .sp
122 .LP
123 The following \fBioctl\fR(2) calls are supported for backward compatibility and
124 are not recommended for new applications:
125 .sp
126 .ne 2
127 .na
128 \fB\fBECPPIOC_GETPARMS\fR\fR
129 .ad
130 .RS 20n
131 Get current transfer parameters. The argument is a pointer to a struct
132 \fBecpp_transfer_parms\fR. See below for a description of the elements of this
133 structure. If no parameters have been configured since the device was opened,
134 the structure will be set to its default configuration. See Default Operation
135 above for more information.
136 .RE
138 .sp
139 .ne 2
140 .na
141 \fB\fBECPPIOC_SETPARMS\fR\fR
142 .ad
143 .RS 20n
144 Set transfer parameters. The argument is a pointer to a struct
145 \fBecpp_transfer_parms\fR. If a parameter is out of range, \fBEINVAL\fR is
146 returned. If the peripheral or host device cannot support the requested mode,
147 \fBEPROTONOSUPPORT\fR is returned. See below for a description of
148 \fBecpp_transfer_parms\fR and its valid parameters.
149 .sp
150 The Transfer Parameters Structure is defined in <\fBsys/ecppio.h\fR>.
151 .sp
152 .in +2
153 .nf
154 struct ecpp_transfer_parms {
155 int write_timeout;
156 int mode;
157 };
158 .fi
159 .in -2
161 The \fBwrite_timeout\fR field is set to the value of
162 \fBecpp-transfer-timeout\fR specified in the \fBecpp.conf\fR. The
163 \fBwrite_timeout\fR field specifies how long the driver will wait for the
164 peripheral to respond to a transfer request. The value must be greater than
165 \fB0\fR and less than \fBECPP_MAX_TIMEOUT.\fR All other values are out of
166 range.
167 .sp
168 The mode field reflects the \fIIEEE 1284\fR mode to which the parallel port is
169 currently configured. The mode may be set to one of the following values only:
170 \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR, \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR, \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR,
171 \fBECPP_ECP_MODE\fR. All other values are invalid. If the requested mode is not
172 supported, \fBECPPIOC_SETPARMS\fR will return \fBEPROTONOSUPPORT\fR and the
173 mode will be set to \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR mode. Afterwards, the application may
174 change the mode back to the original mode with \fBECPPIOC_SETPARMS\fR.
175 .RE
177 .sp
178 .ne 2
179 .na
180 \fB\fBECPPIOC_GETDEVID\fR\fR
181 .ad
182 .RS 20n
183 This ioctl gets the \fIIEEE 1284\fR device ID from the peripheral in specified
184 mode. Currently, the device ID can be retrieved only in Nibble mode. A pointer
185 to the structure defined in \fB<sys/ecppsys.h>\fR must be passed as an
186 argument.
187 .sp
188 The 1284 device ID structure:
189 .sp
190 .in +2
191 .nf
192 struct ecpp_device_id {
193 int mode; /* mode to use for reading device id */
194 int len; /* length of buffer */
195 int rlen; /* actual length of device id string */
196 char *addr; /* buffer address */
197 };
198 .fi
199 .in -2
201 The mode is the \fIIEEE 1284\fR mode into which the port will be negotiated to
202 retrieve device ID information. If the peripheral or host do not support the
203 mode, \fBEPROTONOSUPPORT\fR is returned. Applications should set mode to
204 \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR. \fBlen\fR is the length of the buffer pointed to by
205 \fBaddr\fR. \fBrlen\fR is the actual length of the device ID string returned
206 from the peripheral. If the returned \fBrlen\fR is greater than \fBlen\fR, the
207 application can call \fBECPPIOC_GETDEVID\fR again with a buffer length equal or
208 greater than \fBrlen\fR. Note that the two length bytes of the \fIIEEE 1284\fR
209 device ID are not taken into account and are not returned in the user buffer.
210 .sp
211 After \fBECPPIOC_GETDEVID\fR successfully completes, the driver returns the
212 link to \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR. The application is responsible for determining
213 the previous mode the link was operating in and returning the link to that
214 mode.
215 .RE
217 .sp
218 .ne 2
219 .na
220 \fB\fBBPPIOC_TESTIO\fR\fR
221 .ad
222 .RS 20n
223 Tests the forward transfer readiness of a peripheral operating in Centronics or
224 Compatibility mode.
225 .sp
226 \fBTESTIO\fR determines if the peripheral is ready to receive data by checking
227 the open flags and the Centronics status signals. If the current mode of the
228 device is \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR, the driver negotiates the link into
229 \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR, check the status signals and then return the link to
230 \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR mode. If the current mode is \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR or
231 \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR, \fBTESTIO\fR examines the Centronics status signals in
232 the current mode. To receive data, the device must have the \fBnErr\fR and
233 \fBSelect\fR signals asserted and must not have the \fBPE\fR and \fBBusy\fR
234 signals asserted. If \fBecpp\fR is transferring data, \fBTESTIO\fR waits until
235 the previous data sent to the driver is delivered before executing
236 \fBTESTIO\fR. However if an error condition occurs while a \fBTESTIO\fR is
237 waiting, \fBTESTIO\fR returns immediately. If \fBTESTIO\fR determines that the
238 conditions are ok, \fB0\fR is returned. Otherwise, \fB-1\fR is returned, errno
239 is set to \fBEIO\fR and the state of the status pins is captured. The captured
240 status can be retrieved using the \fBBPPIOC_GETERR\fR \fBioctl\fR(2) call. The
241 \fBtimeout_occurred\fR and \fBbus_error\fR fields will never be set by this
242 \fBioctl\fR(2). \fBBPPIOC_TESTIO\fR and \fBBPPIOC_GETERR\fR are compatible to
243 the ioctls specified in \fBbpp\fR(7D).
244 .RE
246 .sp
247 .ne 2
248 .na
249 \fB\fBBPPIOC_GETERR\fR\fR
250 .ad
251 .RS 20n
252 Get last error status. The argument is a pointer to a \fBstruct
253 bpp_error_status\fR defined in \fB<sys/bpp_io.h>\fR header file. The error
254 status structure is:
255 .sp
256 .in +2
257 .nf
258 struct bpp_error_status {
259 char timeout_occurred; /* 1=timeout */
260 char bus_error; /* not used */
261 uchar_t pin_status; /* status of pins which
262 /* could cause error */
263 };
264 .fi
265 .in -2
267 The pin_status field indicates possible error conditions. The valid bits for
268 pin_status are: \fBBPP_ERR_ERR\fR, \fBBPP_SLCT_ERR\fR, \fBBPP_PE_ERR\fR,
269 \fBBPP_BUSY_ERR\fR. A set bit indicates that the associated pin is asserted.
270 .sp
271 This structure indicates the status of all the appropriate status bits at the
272 time of the most recent error condition during a \fBwrite\fR(2) call, or the
273 status of the bits at the most recent \fBBPPIOC_TESTIO\fR \fBioctl\fR(2)call.
274 .sp
275 \fBpin_status\fR indicates possible error conditions under
276 \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR or \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR. Under these modes, the state
277 of the status pins will indicate the state of the device. For instance, many
278 Centronics printers lower the \fBnErr\fR signal when a paper jam occurs. The
279 behavior of the status pins depends on the device. Additional status
280 information may be retrieved through the backchannel.
281 .sp
282 The \fBtimeout_occurred\fR value is set when a timeout occurs during
283 \fBwrite\fR(2). \fBbus_error\fR is not used in this interface.
284 .RE
286 .sp
287 .LP
288 The following ioctls are used to directly read and write the parallel port
289 status and control signals. If the current mode of the device is
290 \fBECPP_ECP_MODE\fR or \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR, the driver negotiates the link
291 into \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR, gets or sets the registers and then returns the
292 link to \fBECPP_NIBBLE_MODE\fR. If the current mode is \fBECPP_CENTRONICS\fR or
293 \fBECPP_COMPAT_MODE\fR, these ioctls will get/set the register values in the
294 current mode.
295 .sp
296 .ne 2
297 .na
298 \fB\fBECPPIOC_GETREGS\fR\fR
299 .ad
300 .RS 19n
301 Read register values. The argument is a pointer to a \fBstruct ecpp_regs\fR.
302 See below for a description of this structure.
303 .RE
305 .sp
306 .ne 2
307 .na
308 \fB\fBECPPIOC_SETREGS\fR\fR
309 .ad
310 .RS 19n
311 Set \fBecpp\fR register values. The argument is a pointer to a \fBstruct
312 ecpp_regs\fR. See below for a description of this structure. If a parameter is
313 out of range, \fBEINVAL\fR is returned.
314 .sp
315 The Port Register Structure is defined in <\fBsys/ecppio.h\fR>.
316 .sp
317 .in +2
318 .nf
319 struct ecpp_regs {
320 uchar dsr; /* status reg */
321 u_char dcr; /* control reg */
322 };
323 .fi
324 .in -2
326 The status register is read-only. The \fBECPPIOC_SETREGS\fR ioctl has no affect
327 on this register. Valid bit values for dsr are: \fBECPP_nERR\fR,
328 \fBECPP_SLCT\fR, \fBECPP_PE\fR, \fBECPP_nACK\fR, \fBECPP_nBUSY\fR. All other
329 bits are reserved and always return \fB1\fR.
330 .sp
331 The control register is read/write. Valid bit values for dcr are:
332 \fBECPP_STB\fR, \fBECPP_AFX\fR, \fBECPP_nINIT\fR, \fBECPP_SLCTIN\fR. All other
333 bits are reserved. Reading reserved bits always return 1. An attempt to write
334 0s into these bits results in \fBEINVAL\fR.
335 .RE
337 .SH DEVICE SPECIAL FILES
338 .ne 2
339 .na
340 \fB\fB/dev/lp\fIN\fR\fR\fR
341 .ad
342 .RS 19n
343 Solaris x86 only. (Backwards compatibility with former \fBlp\fR(7D) devices.)
344 .RE
346 .sp
347 .ne 2
348 .na
349 \fB\fB/dev/printers/\fIN\fR\fR\fR
350 .ad
351 .RS 19n
352 1284 compliant parallel port device special files appears in both namespaces.
353 .RE
355 .SH FILES
356 .ne 2
357 .na
358 \fB\fBkernel/drv/ecpp\fR\fR
359 .ad
360 .sp .6
361 .RS 4n
362 32-bit ELF kernel module
363 .RE
365 .sp
366 .ne 2
367 .na
368 \fB\fBkernel/drv/sparcv9/ecpp\fR\fR
369 .ad
370 .sp .6
371 .RS 4n
372 64-bit SPARC ELF kernel module
373 .RE
375 .sp
376 .ne 2
377 .na
378 \fB\fBkernel/drv/amd64/ecpp\fR\fR
379 .ad
380 .sp .6
381 .RS 4n
382 64-bit x86 ELF kernel module
383 .RE
385 .sp
386 .ne 2
387 .na
388 \fB\fBkernel/drv/ecpp.conf\fR\fR
389 .ad
390 .sp .6
391 .RS 4n
392 driver configuration file
393 .RE
395 .sp
396 .ne 2
397 .na
398 \fB\fBkernel/drv/sparcv9/ecpp.conf\fR\fR
399 .ad
400 .sp .6
401 .RS 4n
402 driver configuration file for 64-bit SPARC
403 .RE
405 .sp
406 .ne 2
407 .na
408 \fB\fBkernel/drv/amd64/ecpp.conf\fR\fR
409 .ad
410 .sp .6
411 .RS 4n
412 driver configuration file for 64-bit x86
413 .RE
415 .SH ERRORS
416 .ne 2
417 .na
418 \fB\fBEBADF\fR\fR
419 .ad
420 .RS 10n
421 The device is opened for write-only access and a read is attempted, or the
422 device is opened for read-only access and a write is attempted.
423 .RE
425 .sp
426 .ne 2
427 .na
428 \fB\fBEBUSY\fR\fR
429 .ad
430 .RS 10n
431 The device has been opened and another open is attempted. An attempt has been
432 made to unload the driver while one of the units is open.
433 .RE
435 .sp
436 .ne 2
437 .na
438 \fB\fBEINVAL\fR\fR
439 .ad
440 .RS 10n
441 A \fBECPPIOC_SETPARMS\fR \fBioctl()\fR is attempted with an out-of-range value
442 in the \fBecpp_transfer_parms\fR structure. A \fBECPPIOC_SETREGS\fR
443 \fBioctl()\fR is attempted with an invalid value in the \fBecpp_regs\fR
444 structure. An \fBioctl()\fR is attempted with an invalid value in the command
445 argument.An invalid command argument is received during \fBmodload\fR(8) or
446 \fBmodunload\fR(8).
447 .RE
449 .sp
450 .ne 2
451 .na
452 \fB\fBEIO\fR\fR
453 .ad
454 .RS 10n
455 The driver encountered a bus error when attempting an access. A read or write
456 did not complete properly, due to a peripheral error or a transfer timeout.
457 .RE
459 .sp
460 .ne 2
461 .na
462 \fB\fBENXIO\fR\fR
463 .ad
464 .RS 10n
465 The driver has received an open request for a unit for which the attach failed.
466 The driver has received a write request for a unit which has an active
467 peripheral error.
468 .RE
470 .SH ATTRIBUTES
471 .LP
472 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
473 .sp
475 .sp
476 .TS
477 box;
478 c | c
479 l | l .
480 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
481 _
482 Architecture PCI-based systems
483 _
484 ISA-based systems (x86)
485 _
486 Interface stability Evolving
487 .TE
489 .SH SEE ALSO
490 .LP
491 \fBmodload\fR(8), \fBmodunload\fR(8), \fBupdate_drv\fR(8), \fBioctl\fR(2),
492 \fBopen\fR(2), \fBread\fR(2), \fBwrite\fR(2), \fBattributes\fR(5),
493 \fBbpp\fR(7D), \fBusbprn\fR(7D), \fBprnio\fR(7I), \fBstreamio\fR(7I)
494 .sp
495 .LP
496 \fIIEEE Std 1284-1994\fR
497 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
498 .ne 2
499 .na
500 \fBParallel port controller not supported\fR
501 .ad
502 .sp .6
503 .RS 4n
504 Driver does not support parallel port controller on the given host. Attach
505 failed.
506 .RE